Drugs

Name
Mechanism of Action Administra
tion
Indication Contraindicat
ion
Adverse
Effect
Nursing
Responsibilities
Generic
Name:
~CeIurox
ime

Brand
Name:
~Medzy
me
Classification:
~ANTIINFECTIVE;
ANTIBIOTIC; SECOND-
GENERATIONCEPHALO
SPORIN
Mode of action:
~CeIuroxime is a
bactericidal antibiotic,
which exerts antibacterial
activity by inhibition oI
bacterial cell wall synthesis
in susceptible species.
CeIuroxime has good
stability to several bacterial
beta-lactamase enzymes
and, consequently, is active
against many resistant
strains oI susceptible
species.
Dosage:
~ 500 mg
Route:
~ IV
Frequency:
~ q12h


~It is eIIective Ior the
treatment oI
penicillinase-
producing
Neisseriagonorrhoea(
PPNG). EIIectively
treats bone and joint
inIections, bronchitis,
meningitis,
gonorrhea, otitis
media,
pharyngitis/tonsillitis,
sinusitis , lower
respiratory tract
inIections, skin and
soIt tissue inIections,
urinary tract
inIections, and is used
Ior surgical
prophylaxis ,reducing
or eliminating
inIection

~Hypersensiti
vity to
cephalosporins
and related
antibiotics;
pregnancy(cat
egory B),
lactation


~Body as a
Whole:
Thrombophl
ebitis (IV
site); pain,
burning,
cellulitis (IM
site); super
inIections,
positive
Coombs'test.
~ GI:
Diarrhea,
nausea,
antibiotic-
associated
colitis.
~ Skin: Rash,
pruritus,
urticaria.
~ Urogenital:
Increased
serum
creatinine
and BUN,
~ Determine history
oI hypersensitivity
reactions to
cephalosporins
,penicillins, and
history oI allergies
,particularly to
drugs ,beIore
therapy is initiated.
~ Inspect IM and
IV injection sites
Irequently Ior signs
oI phlebitis.
~ Report onset oI
loose stools or
diarrhea. Although
pseudomembranous
colitis.
~ Monitor I&O
rates and pattern:
Especially
important in
severely ill patients
receiving high
doses. Reportany
decreased
creatinine
clearance

signiIicant change
















Drugs Name Mechanism of
Action
Administration Indication Contraindication Adverse Effect Nursing
Responsibilities
Generic Name:
~ Multivitamins

Brand Name:
~ Theravim
Classification:
~ Vitamins
Mode of action:
~ B-complex
vitamins are
active in
providing the
body with
energy, basically
by converting
carbohydrates
into glucose,
which the body
burns to produce
energy. They are
vital in the
metabolism oI
Iats and protein.
In addition, the
B vitamins are
necessary Ior
normal
Iunctioning oI
the nervous
system and may
be the single
most important
Dosage:
>
Route:
~ PO
Frequency:
~ OD


~As supplement
to correct
vitamin B
deIiciencies and
Ior nutritional
support in
chronic illness,
decreased
resistance to
inIection,
metabolic
disorders,
general body
weakness, easy
Iatigability,
nervous
exhaustion,
mental and
physical stress.
~ It is also
indicated in
physiological
conditions as in
growth and
hormonal
disturbances
and in patients
~Hypersensitivity
to preservative,
colorants or
additives,
including
tartrazine,
saccharin and
aspartame.


~ Constipation,
diarrhea, or
upset stomach,
allergic reaction:
rash,
itching/swelling,
severe dizziness,
trouble breathing


~ Assess patient
Ior signs oI
deIiciency prior
to and throughout
the therapy.
~ Instruct to
notiIy side eIIects
oI the
medications to the
physician.
~ Encourage to
comply on
medications.
~ Encourage
patient to comply
with physician`s
recommendations.
Explain that the
best source oI
vitamins is a well
balanced diet with
Ioods Irom the
Iour basic Iood
groups.
Iactor Ior health
oI the nerves.
They are
essential Ior
maintenance oI
muscle tone in
the
gastrointestinal
tract and Ior the
health oI skin,
hair, eyes,
mouth and liver.
~B-complex
with 500 mg
vitamin C is
Iormulated to
ensure optimum
energy and
metabolic build
up. It supplies a
therapeutic
amount oI
vitamin C to
increase body
resistance
against
inIections and
other stress
conditions. Its
primary Iunction
is to maintain
on special diets
eg, diabetes,
obesity; in
patients with
poor eating
habits or with
deIicient intake
oI Iood.
~ For
prevention and
treatment oI
anemia,
beriberi, scurvy,
pellagra,
traumatic
injuries, burns
and Iractures.




collagen, a
protein
necessary Ior the
Iormation oI
connective
tissue in skin,
ligaments and
bones. Vitamin
C plays a role in
healing oI
wounds and
burns because it
Iacilitates the
Iormation oI
connective
tissue in the
scar. Vitamin C
also aids in
Iorming red
blood cells and
preventing
hemorrhage. In
addition,
vitamin C Iights
bacterial
inIections and
reduces the
eIIects on the
body oI some
allergy-
producing
substances.

Drugs Name Mechanism of
Action
Administration Indication Contraindication Adverse Effect Nursing
Responsibilities
Generic
Name:
~MeIenamic
acid

Brand Name:
~ Ponser

Classification:
~NSAID
Mode of
Action:
~MeIenamic
acid binds the
prostaglandin
synthetase
receptors COX-
1 and COX-2,
inhibiting the
action oI
prostaglandin
synthetase. As
these receptors
have a role as a
major mediator
oI inIlammation
and/or a role Ior
prostanoid
signaling in
activity-
dependent
plasticity, the
symptoms oI
pain are
temporarily
reduced.

Dosage:
~ 500 mg
Route:
~ IV
Frequency:
~q6h prn


~RelieI oI pain
including
muscular,
rheumatic,
traumatic,
dental, post-op
and postpartum
pain, headache,
migraine, Iever,
dysmenorrhea

~Pregnancy and
lactation,
hypersensitivity,
active ulceration
or chronic
inIlammation oI
either upper or
lower GIT, blood
disorders, poor
platelet Iunction,
kidney or liver
impairment,
children 14 yrs

~ II rash
occurs,administration
should be stopped,
asthmatics, History
oI liver and
kidney disease.
~GI discomIort,
diarrhea or
constipation, gas
pain, nausea,
vomiting, drowsiness

~ assess patient`s
pain beIore
therapy

~monitor Ior
possible drug
induced adverse
reactions

~advice patient.
not to take drug
Ior more than 7
days

~advice patient
to report
immediately
persistence or
Iailure to relieve
pain


Drugs Name Mechanism of
Action
Administration Indication Contraindication Adverse Effect Nursing
Responsibilities
Generic Name:
~ Ferrous
sulIate

Brand Name:
~ Xyloper

Classification:
~ Iron Preparation

Mode of Action:
~ Elevates the
serum iron
concentration
which then helps
to Iorm High or
trapped in the
reticuloendothelial
cells Ior storage
and eventual
conversion to a
usable Iorm oI
iron.


Dosage:
~300 mg
Route:
~ PO

Frequency:
~ OD

~Prevention and
treatment oI
iron deIiciency
anemias.

~ Dietary
supplement Ior
iron.

~Hypersensitivity

~ Severe
hypotension


~Dizziness
~ N & V
~ Nasal
Congestion
~ Dyspnea
~ Hypotension
~ CHF
~ MI
~ Muscle
cramps
~ Flushing
~Advise patient
to take medicine
as prescribed.
~Caution patient
to make position
changes slowly
to minimize
orhtostatic
hypotension.
~Instruct patient
to avoid
concurrent use
oI alcohol or
OTC medicine
without
consulting the
physician.
~Advise patient
to consult
physician iI
irregular
heartbeat,
dyspnea,
swelling oI
hands and Ieet
and hypotension
occurs.
~InIorm patient
that angina
attacks may
occur 30 min.
aIter
administration
due reIlex
tachycardia.
~Encourage
patient to
comply with
additional
intervention Ior
hypertension
like proper diet,
regular exercise,
liIestyle changes
and stress
management.










Drugs Name Mechanism of
Action
Administration Indication Contraindication Adverse Effect Nursing
Responsibilities
Generic Name:
~Ranitidine

Brand Name:
~Zantac, Apo-
Ranitidine, CO-
Ranitidine,
Gen-Ranitidine,
Novo-
Ranitidine, NU-
Ranit, PMS-
Ranitidine,
ratio-Ranitidine
Classification:
~Histamine H2
antagonists
Mode of action:
~Inhibits the
action oI
histamine at the
H2 receptor site
located
primarily in
gastric parietal
cells, resulting
in inhibition oI
gastric acid
secretion.
~In addition,
ranitidine
bismuth citrate
has some
antibacterial
action against H.
pylori.
Dosage:
~500mg
Route:
~IV
Frequency:
~OD


~Treatment and
prevention oI
heartburn, acid
indigestion, and
sour stomach.

~Hypersensitivity,
Cross-sensitivity
may occur; some
oral liquids
contain alcohol
and should be
avoided in
patients with
known
intolerance.
Use Cautiously
in:
~ Renal
impairment
~Geriatric
patients
~Pregnancy or
Lactation

~CNS:
ConIusion,
dizziness,
drowsiness,
hallucinations,
headache
~ CV:
Arrhythmias
~ GI:
Altered taste,
black tongue,
constipation, dark
stools, diarrhea,
drug-induced
hepatitis, nausea
~ GU:
Decreased sperm
count, impotence
~ ENDO:
Gynecomastia
~ HEMAT:
Agranulocytosis,
Aplastic Anemia,
neutropenia,
thrombocytopenia
~ LOCAL:
Pain at IM site
~ MISC:
Hypersensitivity
reactions,
~Assess patient
Ior epigastric or
abdominal pain
and Irank or
occult blood in
the stool, emesis,
or gastric
aspirate.
~Nurse should
know that it may
cause Ialse-
positive results
Ior urine protein;
test with
sulIosalicylic
acid.
~ InIorm patient
that it may cause
drowsiness or
dizziness.
~ InIorm patient
that increased
Iluid and Iiber
intake may
minimize
constipation.
~ Advise patient
to report onset oI
black, tarry
stools; Iever,
sore throat;
vasculitis

diarrhea;
dizziness; rash;
conIusion; or
hallucinations to
health car
proIessional
promptly.
~ InIorm patient
that medication
may temporarily
cause stools and
tongue to appear
gray black.