Group 4 September 15, 2006

Gonzales, Juan Pablo

Matapaja, Reman John
Neri, Boanerges
Porras, Philip

BLOOD AND HEMOPOIESIS

Draw and label the histologic appearance of the following:

a. RBC

b. Granulocytes:

c. Agranulocytes:

d. Red bone marrow and its cellular elements

Draw and label the stages of sequential hemopoietic development of each of the formed elements
in the bone marrow.
STUDY FOCUSING QUESTIONS

1. Compare and contrast the following by tabulating:

a. Types and subtypes of leukocytes
GRANULOCYTES AGRANULOCYTES
Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils Lymphocytes Monocytes
Percentage in Total 55-65% 1-3% 0.5-1% 20-35% 3-8%
WBC Count
10-12 mm in Has 2 oval Heterochromati Big, intense- Oval or
diameter; lobes c nucleus is staining round slightly
consists of 2-5 connected by divided into or slightly indented
lobes connected a nuclear irregular lobes, indented nucleus is
by thin strands thread; no often obscured nucleus. eccentrically
Shape and Visibility
of chromatin. nucleolus. by overlying located.
of Nuclei
basophilic
specific
granules.
Nucleus is U or
S shaped.
Round, Round, Cytoplasm is A thin rim of Abundant
spherical in spherical in round, spherical clear blue cytoplasm
vivo. vivo. in vitro; Filled cytoplasm
with coarse, surrounds
Amount of
basophilic, nucleus.
Cytoplasm
membrane
bound, water
soluble
granules.
Phagocytize Participate in Involved in Immunological After
bacteria and allergic allergic and reponses of the differentiating
particulate reactions by inflammatory body into a
matter in CT, phagocytizing reactions. macrophage
then die and Ag-Ab in the CT, it
Primary Function
form pus. complexes becomes
and by this phagocytic;
dampen the
allergic
response
Bone marrow Bone marrow Bone marrow Bone marrow Monoblasts of
Origin
bone marrow
Predominant Type in Small
Circulation lymphocytes
Life Span 8 days 10 days

b. Types and subtypes of leukocytes

Types and Subtypes GRANULOCYTES AGRANULOCYTES
of Leukocytes Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils Lymphocytes Monocytes
Content and Specific granules Coarse They bind They bind They bind neutral
Staining Property of have low staining specific neutral or neutral or or acidic
Specific Granules affinity and contain granules acidic acidic components of
phagocytins stain pink components components of the dye mixture.
(bactericidal). They with of the dye the dye
bind neutral or Wright’s mixture. mixture.
acidic components stain and
of the dye mixture. contains: the
major basic
protein,
eosinophilic
cationic
protein (have
cytoxic
effects on
parasitic
worms), and
 eosinophil-
derived
neurotoxin.
Azurophilic Azurophilic The The granules Azurophilic
granules contain granules granules stain purple. granules contain
hydrolytic enzymes contain stain hydrolytic
Content and and lysosomes. purple. enzymes of
Staining Property of myeloperoxidase. The granules primary
Azurophil Granules The granules stain stain purple. lysosomes. The
purple. granules stain
purple.

Leukotrienes Lysosomal
enzymes
Other Cellular with a higher
Products concentration
of
peroxidases;
Immunologic Phagocytosis;
Competencies
Arising From
Cytoplasmic
Contents

c. Differential count of blood components:

A Differential Count of Blood Normal Clinical Significance of Deviation from Normal
Components Values Values

d. Platelet granules
Platelet Granules Alpha Granules Delta Granules Lambda Granules
Chromomere of Chromomere of Chromomere of platelet
Location in Platelet Environment
platelet platelet
Fibrinogen Serotonin Lysosomal Enzymes
Plate-derived
Contents growth factor
Other proteins

Function

e. Thrombus and platelet plug

Components Cascade Events of Formation
Platelets Factors from blood plasma, damaged blood
Damaged blood vessels vessels, and platelets promote cascade interactions
Plasma proteins of around 13 plasma proteins. The cascade results
Thrombus
Fibrin in the formation of the thrombus through the
conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin by the enzyme
thrombin.
Aggregated platelets Small defects in the endothelial lining of blood
Platelet Plug vessels leads to aggregation on the damaged
tissue.

2. Enumerate the general functions of blood and the components responsible for each.
 For transport:
• Carries O2 and nutrients to the cells
• Transports CO2 and wastes from the tissues to the lungs and the kidneys where wastes
can be removed from the body
• Carries hormones to the endocrine glands to the target tissues

For regulation:
• Helps to regulate body temperature by removing heat from active areas, such as skeletal
muscles and transporting it to other areas of the skin so the heat can be dissipated
• Plays a significant role in fluid and electrolyte balance because salt and plasma proteins
contribute to the osmotic pressure by providing weight and bulk to our blood
• Functions in pH regulation through the action of buffers in the blood

For protection:
• Clotting mechanisms prevent fluid loss through hemorrhage when blood vessels become
damaged
• Certain cells in the blood, phagocytic white blood cells help to protect the body against
diseases by engulfing and destroying the agent
• Antibodies in the plasma help protect against disease by their reactions with offending
agents

3. Describe the mature erythrocytes in terms of:

4. List and describe human diseases associated with abnormalities/deficiencies in the function,
histogenesis, and gross and molecular morphology of the following:
5. Diagram the monophyletic origin of CT and blood cells from a pluripotential stem cell of the
bone marrow.