Chapter 6

Feed Industry
Outlook

ndia has a very large population of livestock both of productive and

unproductive animals. The majority of livestock is fed a very small

quantum of concentrates and productive animals are fed either balanced concentrate, or raw ingredients which are traditionally mixed on farms and which do not meet the complete nutrient requirements of livestock and hence can be called unbalanced. Our estimates show that the Compound Feed (balanced concentrate) produced by members of CLFMA and non-members of CLFMA is about 5 MMT. The total estimated requirement of balanced feed is about 60 MMT. The availability potential of concentrates like oilseed cakes, bran, cereal grains for livestock and byproducts of pulses like chunies is about 35.32 MMT according to a study conducted by NIANP indicating the gap between requirement and availability. , The dairy sector has a huge potential for compound feed. Based on the number of productive dairy animals and the current milk produced by them, the current estimated concentrate requirement is 45 MMT considering feeding concentrates @ 50% of milk production.

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Today this need is met by the use of either raw ingredients or by the use of manufactured compound feed or by use of both raw ingredients and compound feeds. It is observed that the productive animals are either underfed or overfed and in some areas they are fed on green forages to meet a large part of the nutrient need for milk production. A very large population of dairy animals is either grazed or stall-fed on dry roughage of uncertain quality. This offers tremendous scope to improve the nutritional status of dairy animals and to increase their milk yield. The dairy sector also offers a tremendous challenge to feed manufacturers and marketing professionals to popularize the concept of using balanced compound feed.
Table 6.1 Feed resources in India (2003- 04)

Feed Resources

Availability (Million Tonnes)

89.37 23.21 28.70 17.51 303.26 462.05

Greens: 4 Forest area 4 Fallow lands 4 Permanent Pastures & Grazing area 4 Cultivativable waste lands & Miscellaneous tree crops 4 Cultivated fodder crop Total Crop Residues 4 Coarse straw (From coarse cereal crops & sugarcane tops) 4 Fine straw (Rice & wheat straw) 4 Leguminous straw (From pulses & other leguminous crops) Total Concentrates 4 Oil cakes 4 Brans 4 Grains for feeding livestock 4 Chunnis Total Grand Total
Source : NIANP Feed base data

154.83 194.11 44.44 393.39

15.76 13.26 5.74 0.53 35.32 890.76

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Livestock Industry Report 2005 - CLFMA of India

Feed resource availability

Availability of sufficient feed resources both in quantitative and qualitative terms is the key factor for the growth and sustenance of the dairy sector in the country. The availability of feed resources has seen a positive growth over the years. Indian livestock is predominantly dependent on crop residues and the situation is not going to change drastically in the near future. With the increase in the population of breedable females and greater emphasis on maintaining livestock for milk production, the demand for consumption of concentrates would see a positive growth.

Compound Feed Sector

The world's manufactured tonnage exceeds 560 million tons. The present demand for the total compound feed in India is estimated at 42 million tons and is expected to increase to 68 million tons by 2010.
Table 6.2

Compound feed manufactured by CLFMA members (in 000 tonnes)

Year
1990 1991 1992-93 1993-94 1994-95 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04
Source: CLFMA

Cattle & Others

1325 1479 1475 1371 1465 1543 1551 1430 1490 1630 1275 1199 1176 1175

Poultry
834 943 863 877 1075 1268 1361 1340 1690 1900 1519 1363 1477 1457

Total
2159 2422 2338 2248 2540 2811 2912 2770 3180 3530 2794 2562 2653 2632

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Poultry Feed
Poultry is traditionally fed on balanced concentrates either mixed on organized farms or manufactured by compound feed millers, except by a small section of people who have backyard poultry where the practice of feeding scratch grains or leaving birds to fend for themselves is usual. With the rapid growth of the broiler industry in the last couple of decades one finds that the requirement of feed for commercial broilers has gone up to 5.64 MMT, and that for the broiler breeders to about 0.57 MMT totaling a broiler feed requirement of 6.21 MMT in 2004. The feed requirement for the layer population is about 7.39 MMT and that for the layer breeders approximately 0.74 MMT, totaling feed requirements for layer birds of 8.13 MMT in 2004. Thus the total requirement of feed for poultry sector is estimated to be about 14.34 MMT. These requirements have been worked out after interviewing major breeders and integrators.

Figure 6.1

Poultry Feed Usage ( in MMT)

0.65 0.74 Commercial Broiler Commercial Layer Broiler Breeder Layer Breeder 7.39

5.64

Source: CLFMA

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Livestock Industry Report 2005 - CLFMA of India

Aquaculture Feed
The aquaculture sectors especially the cultivated prawn sector depend mainly on balanced compound feed manufactured in India or imported. A recent survey indicates that the prawn feed manufactured in our country is of excellent quality and competes favorably with any imported feed, hence the quantum of imported feed is progressively declining except in specialised segments like hatchery feed and medicated feed areas. The feed conversion ratio has come down to an acceptable level of 1.4-1.6 and the count (number per Kg.) has reached 30. The sweet water prawn (Scampi) which is grown for a variety of reasons and which is becoming popular inland has an estimated feed requirement of 60,000 MT. from manufactured sector and another 40,000 MT from farm mixed sector. The brackish water prawn's feed requirement met by the manufactured sector is approximately 1,50,000 MT, and another 10,000 MT is imported. The total shrimp feed requirement is 1,60,000 MT and the total Aqua feed produced including fish feed is approximately 2,70,000 MT. The fish feed requirement is growing steadily and is currently estimated at around 3.85 MMT
Figure 6.2

Use of Aqua Feed (in MMT)

Scampi Feed
Fin Fish Feed 0.01 Scampi Feed 0.10

Prawn Feed Fin Fish Feed

Prawn Feed 0.16

Source: Industry Sources

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