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Development Plan for

Chennai Metropolitan Area

APRIL 2006
CDP Chennai

Abbreviations and Acronyms

ARV : Annual Rateable Value


AUA : Adjacent Urban Area
CAA : Constitution Amendment Act
CBO : Community Based Organization
CCRCP : Chennai City River Conservation Project
CDP : City Development Plan
CMA : Chennai Metropolitan Area
CMDA : Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority
CMWSSB : Chennai Metropolitan Water Supply and Sewerage Board
CoC : Corporation of Chennai
CPT : Chennai Port Trust
CPWD : Central Public Work Department
CRZ : Costal Regulation Zone
CTTS : Comprehensive Traffic and Transportation Study
CWSAP : Chennai Water Supply Augmentation Project
DBOOT : Design, Build, Own, Operate and Transfer
DLDP : Dual Loader Dumper Placer
DSR : Deb Servicing Ratio
DUA : Distant Urban Area
EPL : Ennore Port Limited
ETB : Electronic Trolley Bus
ETP : Effluent Treatment Plant
EWS : Economically Weaker Section
GIS : Geographical Information System
GOI : Government of India
GoTN : Government of Tamil Nadu
GTN : Government of Tamil Nadu
HIG : High Income Group
IT : Information Technology
JnNURM : Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission
KWMC : Koyambedu Wholesale Market Complex
LIG : Lower Income Group
lpcd : Liter percapita per day
LRTS : Light Rail Transit System
MATS : Madras Area Transport Study
MAWS : Municipal Administration and Water Supply
MIG : Middle Income Group
MIS : Municipal Information System
ML : Million Liter
MLD : Million Liters per Day
MMDA : Madras Metropolitan Development Authority
MRTS : Mass Rapid Transit System
MTC : Metropolitan Transport Corporation
NGO : Non Governmental Organization
NRCD : National River Conservation Directorate
O&M : Operation and Maintenance
ORR : Outer Ring Road
PCE : Passenger Car Equivalent
PPP : Public Private Partnership
PWD : Public Works Department
RoW : Rights –of-Way

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SEZ : Special Economic Zone


SEZ : Special Economic Zone
SFC : State Finance Commission
STP : Sewage Treatment Plant
SUM : Sustainable Urban Management
SVP : Special Village Panchayats
SWD : Storm Water Drainage
TDM : Travel Demand Management
TNHB : Tamil Nadu Housing Board
TNPCB : Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board
TNSRTC : Tamil Nadu State Road Transport Corporation
TNUDP : Tamil Nadu Urban Development Project
ULB : Urban Local Body
UMTA : Unified Metropolitan Transport Authority

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Contents

CHAPTER I - INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................1


1.1 Chennai Metropolitan Area – A Profile .................................................................................. 1
1.2 Need for a City Development Plan ......................................................................................... 1
1.3 Objectives of the City Development Plan............................................................................... 2
1.4 Process .................................................................................................................................... 3
1.5 Institutional Arrangements in Development Planning ............................................................ 3

CHAPTER II – DEMOGRAPHY ..........................................................................................6


2.1 Growth of Population.............................................................................................................. 6
2.2 Migration................................................................................................................................. 7
2.3 Birth & Death Rates................................................................................................................ 8
2.4 Sex Ratio................................................................................................................................. 9
2.5 Literacy ................................................................................................................................... 9
2.6 Population Projection.............................................................................................................. 9

CHAPTER III – ECONOMY ...............................................................................................10


3.1 Economic Structure of CMA ................................................................................................ 10
3.2 Economic Gateways to Chennai ........................................................................................... 11
3.3 Economic Drivers ................................................................................................................. 12
3.4 Employment Projection......................................................................................................... 14

CHAPTER IV – LAND USE & STRUCTURE OF CHENNAI ........................................15


4.1 History................................................................................................................................... 15
4.2 Development Planning in Chennai Metropolitan Area ......................................................... 15
4.3 Structure of the Metropolis in 2005 ...................................................................................... 16
4.4 Density and FSI..................................................................................................................... 19
4.5 Hierarchy of Roads ............................................................................................................... 19

CHAPTER V – MUNICIPAL INFRASTRUCTURE ........................................................22


5.1 Water Supply System............................................................................................................ 22
5.1.1 Analysis of Existing Situation ....................................................................................... 22
5.1.2 Source of Water Supply................................................................................................. 22
5.1.3 Supply Levels ................................................................................................................ 28
5.1.4 Treatment Capacities .................................................................................................... 28
5.1.5 Distribution System and Storage Capacity ................................................................... 28
5.1.6 Coverage and Supply Levels ......................................................................................... 30
5.1.7 Frequency of Supply...................................................................................................... 30
5.1.8 Coverage in Slums ........................................................................................................ 30
5.1.9 Rain Water Harvesting.................................................................................................. 31
5.1.10 Requirements for Future ............................................................................................... 33
5.1.11 Projects to meet the Future Demand ............................................................................ 34
5.2 Sewerage ............................................................................................................................... 36
5.2.1 Existing System ............................................................................................................. 36
5.2.2 Sewerage Distribution System ...................................................................................... 36
5.2.3 Sewage Treatment Plants.............................................................................................. 37
5.2.4 Sewerage System in CUA.............................................................................................. 38
5.2.5 Projects Implemented.................................................................................................... 38

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5.3 Solid Waste Management ..................................................................................................... 39


5.4 Storm Water Drainage System in CMA ............................................................................... 43

CHAPTER VI – ENVIRONMENT AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT........................49


6.1 Overview............................................................................................................................... 49
6.2 Air Pollution.......................................................................................................................... 49
6.3 Water Pollution ..................................................................................................................... 50
6.4 Noise Pollution: .................................................................................................................... 54
6.5 Coastal Zone ......................................................................................................................... 54
6.6 Green Areas .......................................................................................................................... 55

CHAPTER VII – TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION.................................................56


7.1 The Existing Situation........................................................................................................... 56
7.1.1 Road Network................................................................................................................ 57
7.1.2 Bus Transport................................................................................................................ 57
7.1.3 Goods Transport ........................................................................................................... 58
7.1.4 Seaports......................................................................................................................... 58
7.1.5 Airport........................................................................................................................... 58
7.2 Vehicle and person trips in CMA ......................................................................................... 59
7.2.1 Road Network................................................................................................................ 60
7.2.2 Railways........................................................................................................................ 62
7.2.3 Bus Transport................................................................................................................ 62
7.2.4 Goods Transport ........................................................................................................... 62
7.2.5 Parking.......................................................................................................................... 62
7.2.6 Future Travel Trips....................................................................................................... 63
7.2.7 Proposals & Interventions ............................................................................................ 65

CHAPTER VIII – URBAN BASIC SERVICES FOR THE POOR .................................66


8.1 Slums..................................................................................................................................... 66
8.1.1 Slums on Objectionable Locations................................................................................ 66
8.1.2 Slums on Unobjectionable Locations............................................................................ 67
8.2 Schemes implemented by TNSCB in CMA.......................................................................... 73
8.3 Housing Scenario of LIG/EWS units in CMA...................................................................... 74

CHAPTER IX – SOCIAL FACILITIES .............................................................................78


9.1 Education .............................................................................................................................. 78
9.2 Health.................................................................................................................................... 79
9.3 Open Spaces & Green Areas................................................................................................. 80

CHAPTER X – MUNICIPAL FINANCES .........................................................................82


10.1 Background ........................................................................................................................... 82
10.2 Constituent Urban local bodies within Chennai Metropolitan Area ..................................... 82
10.3 Finances of Corporation of Chennai ..................................................................................... 83
10.3.1 Summary of Municipal Finances .................................................................................. 83
10.3.2 Revenue Account ........................................................................................................... 85
10.3.3 Revenue Receipts/Income - Summary ........................................................................... 85
10.3.4 Receipts/Income from Taxes ......................................................................................... 86
10.3.5 Receipts/Income from Non-Taxes ................................................................................. 87
10.3.6 Assigned Revenue and Grants & Contributions ........................................................... 88
10.3.7 Revenue Expenditure - Summary .................................................................................. 89
10.3.8 Personnel Cost .............................................................................................................. 90
10.3.9 Repairs and Maintenance ............................................................................................. 91

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10.3.10 Finance Expenses...................................................................................................... 92


10.3.11 Other Expenses and Payments & Contributions....................................................... 92
10.4 Capital Account .................................................................................................................... 93
10.4.1 Capital Receipts/Income - Sources ............................................................................... 93
10.4.2 Capital Expenditure - Items .......................................................................................... 94
10.5 Key Financial Indicators ....................................................................................................... 94
10.5.1 Resource Mobilization .................................................................................................. 95
10.5.2 Per Capita Income ........................................................................................................ 95
10.5.3 Expenditure Management ............................................................................................. 95
10.5.4 Per Capita Expenditure ................................................................................................ 96
10.5.5 Operating Ratio ............................................................................................................ 96
10.5.6 Debt Servicing Ratio ..................................................................................................... 96
10.5.7 Debt and Liability Management ................................................................................... 96
10.5.8 Total Outstanding Loan ................................................................................................ 96
10.5.9 Outstanding Loan Per Capita-Year 2004-05................................................................ 97
10.6 Finances of Other Urban Local Bodies................................................................................. 97
10.6.1 Municipal Finances - An Overview............................................................................... 97
10.6.2 Key Revenue Drivers..................................................................................................... 99
10.6.3 Receipts/Income from Taxes ....................................................................................... 100
10.6.3 Receipts/Income from Non-Taxes ............................................................................... 102
10.6.4 Assigned Revenue and Grants & Contributions ......................................................... 104
10.7 Key Expenditure Drivers .................................................................................................... 107
10.7.1 Personnel Cost ............................................................................................................ 108
10.7.2 Repairs and Maintenance ........................................................................................... 109
10.7.3 Finance Expenses........................................................................................................ 110
10.7.4 Other Expenses ........................................................................................................... 110
10.7.5 Key Financial Indicators ............................................................................................ 111
10.7.6 Resource Mobilization ................................................................................................ 111
10.7.7 Per Capita Income ...................................................................................................... 111
10.7.8 Expenditure Management ........................................................................................... 112
10.7.9 Per Capita Expenditure .............................................................................................. 112
10.7.10 Operating Ratio....................................................................................................... 112
10.8 Debt Servicing Ratio........................................................................................................... 112
10.8.1 Debt and Liability Management ................................................................................. 113
10.8.2 Total Outstanding Loan .............................................................................................. 113
10.8.3 Outstanding Loan Per Capita-Year 2004 ................................................................... 113
10.8.4 Non-Debt Liability ...................................................................................................... 113

CHAPTER XI – VISION & GOALS AND STRATEGIES.............................................115


11.1 Vision.................................................................................................................................. 115
11.1.1 Strategies for Spatial Development of CMA ............................................................... 115
11.1.2 Strategy and Action Plan for Economic Development................................................ 116
11.1.3 Goals and Strategies for Water Supply Sector............................................................ 116
11.1.4 Strategies for Sewerage Sector ................................................................................... 123
11.1.5 Strategies for Storm Water Drainage ......................................................................... 127
11.1.6 Strategies for Solid Waste Management ..................................................................... 132
11.1.7 Strategies for Traffic and Transportation .................................................................. 140
11.1.8 Strategies for Urban Poor and Action Plans .............................................................. 145
11.1.9 Strategies for Environmental Protection and Disaster Management ......................... 149

CHAPTER XII – CAPITAL INVESTMENT PLAN & FINANCING STRATEGY....150


12.1 Water Supply ...................................................................................................................... 150
12.2 Sewerage ............................................................................................................................. 150
12.3 Storm Water Drainage ........................................................................................................ 151

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12.4 Solid Waste Management ................................................................................................... 151


12.5 Traffic and Transportation .................................................................................................. 152
12.6 Heritage and Recreation...................................................................................................... 153
12.7 Urban Basic Services for Poor ............................................................................................ 153
12.8 Parking Lots and Spaces ..................................................................................................... 153
12.9 Summary ............................................................................................................................. 154

Tables
Table 1.1: The Details of Agencies and its Responsibilities................................................................... 4
Table 2.1: Growth of Population in CMA .............................................................................................. 6
Table 2.2: Growth of Population in Chennai City, 1901-2001 ............................................................... 7
Table 2.3: Migration to Chennai City, 1961-01 (in lakhs)...................................................................... 7
Table 2.4: Migration into CMA- 2001.................................................................................................... 8
Table 2.5: Sex Ratio in Chennai City & CMA ....................................................................................... 9
Table 2.6: Literacy Levels in CMA ........................................................................................................ 9
Table 2.7: Population for CMA and Chennai City ................................................................................. 9
Table 3.1: Occupational Structure CMA -2001 .................................................................................... 10
Table 3.2: Income Estimates – NDDP at current prices ....................................................................... 11
Table 3.3: Employment Projection for CMA-2026 .............................................................................. 14
Table 4.1: Land Use in 1973................................................................................................................. 16
Table 4.2: Land use break up in 1975 and in 2001 ............................................................................... 19
Table 5.1: Characteristics of Existing Surface Sources ........................................................................ 23
Table 5.2: Major Source Augmentation Projects.................................................................................. 25
Table 5.3: Details of Well Fields .......................................................................................................... 25
Table 5.4: Sources & Safe Yield........................................................................................................... 26
Table 5.5: Treatment Capacities ........................................................................................................... 28
Table 5.6: Population Projections for CMA ......................................................................................... 33
Table 5.7: Assumptions- Water Requirement....................................................................................... 33
Table 5.8: Total Water Requirement for CMA..................................................................................... 33
Table 5.9: Sources and availability of water for meeting demands ...................................................... 34
Table 5.10: Features of the Sewerage Macro System of Chennai City................................................. 36
Table 5.11: Salient Features of the Sewage Treatment Plants .............................................................. 37
Table 5.12: Sources of Solid Waste Generation ................................................................................... 39
Table 5.13: Composition of Waste ....................................................................................................... 39
Table 5.14: Chemical Analysis of Solid Waste .................................................................................... 40
Table 5.15: Chemical Analysis of Solid Waste .................................................................................... 41
Table 5.16: Future Garbage Generation Trends.................................................................................... 42
Table 5.17: Land Requirement for Land Fill Sites ............................................................................... 42
Table 5.18: Agencies responsible for Management of Storm Water. ................................................... 45
Table 5.19: Length of Major Waterways in CMA................................................................................ 45
Table 6.1: Pollution load from different sectors in Chennai City ......................................................... 49
Table 6.2: Pollution load from different sectors in Chennai City ......................................................... 50
Table 6.3: Waterways Basin wise Sewerage Generation (Year 2000) ................................................. 50
Table 6.4: Wastewater Outfall Details .................................................................................................. 51
Table 6.5: Estimates of Sludge Accumulated in Inner Chennai Waterways ........................................ 53
Table 7.1: Daily average person trip distribution by mode in CMA .................................................... 60
Table 7.2: Projected Daily Trips by Public Transport .......................................................................... 64
Table 7.3 : Mass Transport Trips 2004 & 2026 (in lakhs).................................................................... 64
Table 8.1: Growth of Slums in Chennai City........................................................................................ 66
Table 8.2: Location of Slums in Chennai City...................................................................................... 66
Table 8.3: Ownership of Lands occupied by Slums, 1971 ................................................................... 68
Table 8.4: Profile of Slums in CMA ..................................................................................................... 68

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Table 8.5: BPL Population.................................................................................................................... 72


Table 8.6: No. of Households and Housing Units in CMA .................................................................. 75
Table 8.7: Demand for LIG and EWS units in CMA ........................................................................... 77
Table 8.8: Proposed Projects for LIG/EWS.......................................................................................... 77
Table 9.1: Educational Institutions in CMA ......................................................................................... 78
Table 9.2: Number of Schools Required 2026...................................................................................... 79
Table 9.3: Total Number of Beds in Chennai, Kancheepuram and Thiruvallur Districts..................... 80
Table 10.1: List of Constituent Urban Local Bodies within Chennai Metropolitan Area .................... 82
Table 10.2: Summary of Municipal Finances of the Corporation of Chennai...................................... 84
Table 10.3: Summary of Revenue Receipts/Income of the CMC Rs. in Crores................................... 86
Table 10.4: Revenue Receipts from Taxes of Corporation of Chennai ................................................ 86
Table 10.5: Revenue Receipts from Non-Taxes of Corporation of Chennai ........................................ 88
Table 10.6: Revenue Receipts from Assigned Revenues of Corporation of Chennai .......................... 89
Table 10.7: Summary of Revenue Expenditure of the Corporation of Chennai Rs. in Crores ............. 90
Table 10.8: Revenue Expenditure on Personnel Cost of CMC............................................................. 91
Table 10.9: Revenue Expenditure on Repairs and Maintenance of the CMC ...................................... 92
Table 10.10: Revenue Expenditure on Finance Expenses of the Corporation of Chennai ................... 92
Table 10.11: RE on Payments & Contributions of the Corporation of Chennai................................... 93
Table 10.12: Capital Receipts of the Corporation of Chennai Rs. in Crores ........................................ 94
Table 10.13: Capital Expenditure of the Corporation of Chennai Rs. in Crores .................................. 94
Table 10.14: Performance of Key Financial Indicators in Corporation of Chennai ............................. 95
Table 10.15: Statement on Agency-wise Loan Outstanding of the CMC Amount in Rs. Crores......... 97
Table 10.16: Summary of Municipal Finances for Municipalities Rs. in Lakhs .................................. 98
Table 10.17: MF for Upgraded ULBs- Rs. in Lakhs ............................................................................ 99
Table 10.18: Revenue Receipts from Taxes of Municipalities ........................................................... 100
Table 10.19: Revenue Receipts from Taxes of ULBs (erstwhile Town Panchayats) ......................... 101
Table 10.20: Revenue Receipts from Non-Taxes of Municipalities................................................... 103
Table 10.21: Revenue Receipts from Non-Taxes of other ULBs ....................................................... 104
Table 10.22: Revenue from Assigned Revenues and Grants from Municipalities ............................. 106
Table 10.23: Revenue from Assigned Revenues and Grant of Upgraded ULBs ................................ 106
Table 10.24: Expenditure of Municipalities and Upgraded ULBs ..................................................... 108
Table 10.25: Expenditure on Repairs and Maintenance of Municipalities Upgraded ULBs.............. 109
Table 10.26: Revenue Expenditure of Municipalities and Upgraded ULBs....................................... 110
Table 10.27: Revenue Expenditure on Other Expenses of ULBs and Upgraded ULBs ..................... 110
Table 10.28: Average Annual Per Capita Income and Expenditure ................................................... 111
Table 10.29: Average Operating Ratio and Debt Servicing Ratio...................................................... 112
Table 10.30: Total Outstanding Loan Agency Wise (as on 31/03/2004) Amount in Rs. Lakhs ........ 113
Table 10.31: Details on Non-Debt Liability (as on 31/03/2004) Amount in Rs. Lakhs ..................... 114
Table 11.1.: Existing Situation of Water Supply ................................................................................ 117
Table 11.2: Goals & Service Outcomes for Different Horizon Years ................................................ 117
Table 11.3: Detailed Project Component............................................................................................ 120
Table 11.4: Year Wise Implementation Programme for Water Supply Project.................................. 121
Table 11.5: Year Wise investment Programme for Water Supply Project ......................................... 122
Table 11.6: Existing Situation -Sewerage........................................................................................... 123
Table 11.7 : Goals & Service Outcomes for Different Horizon Years ............................................... 123
Table 11.8: Detailed Project Component............................................................................................ 125
Table 11.9: Year Wise Implementation Programme for Sewerage .................................................... 126
Table 11.10: Year Wise Investment Programme for Sewerage .......................................................... 126
Table 11.11: Goals and Service Outcomes – Storm water Drains and Water Bodies ........................ 127
Table 11.12: Year Wise Implementation Programme for Storm Water Drains.................................. 130
Table 11.13: Year Wise Investment Programme for Storm water drains ........................................... 131
Table 11.14: Goals, Service Outcomes for Different Horizon Years ................................................. 132
Table 11.15: Proposed Primary Collection operation System ............................................................ 133
Table 11.16: Year Wise Implementation Programme for Solid Waste Management......................... 135
Table 11.17: Year Wise Investment Programme for Solid Waste Management ................................ 137

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Table 11.18: Goals, Service Outcomes for Different Horizon Years ................................................. 140
Table 11.19: Project Implementation Programme for Traffic and Transportation ............................. 143
Table 11.20: Project Investment Programme for Traffic and Transportation..................................... 144
Table 11.21: Goals and Service Outcomes – Basic Services for Poor................................................ 145
Table 11.22: Year Wise Implementation Schedule – Basic Services for Poor ................................... 147
Table 11.23: Year Wise Investment plan for Basic Services for Poor................................................ 148
Table 12.1: Proposed Water Supply Investments in CMA ................................................................. 150
Table 12.2: Proposed Sewerage Investments in CMA........................................................................ 151
Table 12.3: Proposed Storm Water Drainage Investments in CMA ................................................... 151
Table 12.4: Proposed Solid Waste Management Investments in CMA.............................................. 152
Table 12.5: Proposed Transportation Investments in CMA................................................................ 152
Table 12.6: Proposed Heritage and Recreation Investments in CMA ................................................ 153
Table 12.7: Proposed Investment for Urban Poor in CMA ................................................................ 153
Table 12.8: Proposed Civic Amenities Investments in CMA ............................................................. 153
Table 12.9: Proposed Summary of investments in CMA ................................................................... 154
Table 12.10: Proposed year wise investments for planning period .................................................... 155

Figures
Figure 1.1: Process of City Development Plan ....................................................................................... 5
Figure 2.1: Growth of Population in CMA ............................................................................................. 6
Figure 2.2: Migration into CMA 2001.................................................................................................... 8
Figure 7.1: Vehicle Pop in Chennai City .............................................................................................. 59
Figure 7.2: Distribution of Vehicle type ............................................................................................... 59
Figure 7.3: Distribution of Person Trips By mode................................................................................ 60
Figure 7.4: Growth of Travel demand in CMA .................................................................................... 63
Figure 7.5: Mass Transport trips ........................................................................................................... 64
Figure 10.1: Trends in Revenue Account ............................................................................................. 83
Figure 10.2: Trends in Capital Account................................................................................................ 84
Figure 10.3: Linkage and connectivity ................................................................................................. 85
Figure 10.4: Composition of Revenue income ..................................................................................... 86
Figure 10.5: Composition of Non tax ................................................................................................... 87
Figure 10.6: Composition of Assigned Revenue .................................................................................. 88
Figure 10.7: Trends in Revenue Expenditure ....................................................................................... 90
Figure 10.8: Composition of Revenue expenditure .............................................................................. 90
Figure 10.9: Composition of Capital Receipts...................................................................................... 93
Figure 10.10: Composition of Capital expenditure............................................................................... 94
Figure 10.11: Trends in Revenue Receipts ........................................................................................... 98
Figure 10.12: Trend in Revenue receipts .............................................................................................. 99
Figure 10.13: Contribution of R/I Taxes............................................................................................. 101
Figure 10.14: Contribution of R/I Taxes............................................................................................. 102
Figure 10.15: Contribution of R/I from Non-Taxes............................................................................ 103
Figure 10.16: Contribution of R/I Non Taxes ULBS.......................................................................... 104
Figure 10.17: Contribution of R/I form Assigned Receipts/Grants .................................................... 105
Figure 10.18: Receipts from Assigned Revenue and Grants .............................................................. 107
Figure 10.19: Expenditure form Various Heads ................................................................................. 108
Figure 10.20: Expenditure from various Heads ULBs........................................................................ 109

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Maps

Map 1.1: Regional Setting of Chennai.................................................................................................... 2


Map 4.1: Chennai Metropolitan Region Existing Land use in 1973..................................................... 17
Map 4.2: Chennai Metropolitan Region Existing Land use in 2001..................................................... 18
Map 4.3: Chennai Metropolitan Region Proposed Land Use -2026 ..................................................... 21
Map 5.1: Water Source Surface and Sub Surface for Chennai Metropolitan Region........................... 27
Map 5.2: Water Supply Distribution Network & Storage Reservoirs in Chennai City ........................ 32
Map 5.3: Waterways in Chennai Metropolitan Region ........................................................................ 46
Map 6.1: Chennai Major water Bodies ................................................................................................. 52
Map 8.1: Location of TNHB Proposed Projects in CMA..................................................................... 76

Annexure
ANNEXURE 1 – Reform agenda of the ULB and State Government ............................................... 156
ANNEXURE 2 – Demography........................................................................................................... 171
ANNEXURE 3 – Detailed Traffic & Transportation Components for CMA..................................... 175
ANNEXURE 4 – Breakup of W/S, SS & SWM Investments for CMA............................................. 182
ANNEXURE 5 – Drainage & Water Bodies Investments for CMA .................................................. 182
ANNEXURE 6 – Investment Proposed in Urban Basic Services for Poor, Parking Lots, Heritage &
Recreation for CMA ................................................................................................................... 183
ANNEXURE 7 – Investment Components in SWM for Corporation ................................................ 184
ANNEXURE 8 – Detailed Project Component wise Investment in Village Panchayats in CMA ..... 188
ANNEXURE 9 – Detailed Investments in Sewerage Component for AUA’s & DUA’s................... 189
ANNEXURE 10 – Project Population & Water Supply Demand for AUA’s & DUA’s.................... 190
ANNEXURE 11 – Details of Water supply investment proposed for Corporation............................ 191

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CHAPTER I - INTRODUCTION

1.1 Chennai Metropolitan Area – A Profile

Chennai, the capital City of Tamil Nadu is the fourth largest Metropolitan City in India.
The Chennai Metropolitan Area (CMA) comprises the city of Chennai and its outlying
urban and rural areas. The outlying area consists of one cantonment, 4 Townships, 16
Municipalities, 20 Special Village Panchayats and 213 Village Panchayats in 10 Panchayat
Unions. The extent of CMA including St. Thomas Mount cantonment is 1172 Sq.km.
The Chennai City area now covers 181.06 Sq.km. The urban units grouped under the title
"Adjacent Urban Area (AUA)" and "Distant Urban Area (DUA)" covers 164.6 Sq.km. and
142.1 Sq.km. respectively. The setting of Chennai is presented in Figure 1.0.

Chennai with its excellent linkages to


major international and domestic
destinations is the most preferred
estimation for manufacturing and new
economy industries. The City is home
to major automobile majors and is also
attracting substantial investments in
this sector and other allied industries
enhancing its competitive advantages
in the region. The economic base of
CMA is very strong and is poised to
grow at a rapid pace with the View of a IT firm at Siruseri
development of specialized economic
zones such as the IT corridor, IT Park at Siruseri, Mahindra Industrial Park Limited etc.
These developments would catapult Chennai as a major growth centre in this part of the
world and are bound to attract substantial domestic and foreign direct investments.

1.2 Need for a City Development Plan

The growing metropolis of Chennai is unable to keep pace with the developments in the
provision of sustainable infrastructure to its population. The emergence of new economy
industry coupled with a sound manufacturing base warrants a comprehensive and
approach from the traditional master planning efforts to enable sustainable and equitable
growth of Chennai. Though the earlier efforts of master plan yielded results in giving a
strategic direction to the growth of the City, the investments have not kept pace with the
requirements. The current CDP provides a platform to adopt a consensus approach and
collaboration with all planning partners. Accordingly, the City Development Plan taken
cognizance of the earlier master planning efforts for Chennai and has integrated the same
with a prioritized capital investment plan and a financing strategy.

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CDP Chennai

1.3 Objectives of the City Development Plan

The main objectives of the CDP are to have a plan for the sustainable and planned growth
of the city with appropriate policy and strategic interventions. The CDP outlines the
strategic policy and investment interventions to achieve the formulated vision for Chennai
and comprises of the following:

Map 1.1: Regional Setting of Chennai

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CDP Chennai

• Assessment of the existing situation with regard to demographic and economic


growth, infrastructure services, municipal finances, etc;
• Identification of gaps in service delivery including the issues faced by the urban poor;
• Vision and goal formulation for each sector to enable achieve the objectives
enunciated above;
• Formulation of a city investment plan with appropriate financing strategies for the
identified interventions.

In addition, the CDP also focuses on the reforms to be carried out at the state and local
level in consonance with the vision and strategic plan outlined to sustain the planned
interventions.

1.4 Process

The preparation of a City Development Plan (CDP) took cue from the earlier approach of
Sustainable Cities Program sponsored by UN-Habitat for which Chennai is one of the
beneficiary cities. The SCP primarily focused on a stakeholder consensus to arrive at
sustainable solutions to manage the urban area of Chennai. The CDP is focused
considering the uniqueness of Chennai and its position as the most preferred destination in
attracting investments to guide the planning and investment decisions in future.

The CDP is based on the inputs from various comprehensive studies viz., Master Plan for
CMA, Comprehensive Traffic & Transportation Study for Chennai, Master Plan for Water
Supply & Sewerage, etc. in addition to the other studies carried out for the Metropolitan
Area. The plan provides a distinctive thrust for introducing enabling rather than restrictive
regulatory mechanisms through realistic planning and management interventions within
the overall regulatory and institutional framework. The development proposals are being
designed within the context of the proposed Master Plan for CMA. The entire exercise was
carried out through stakeholder participation at various stages.

The CDP takes into account the existing situation including assessing the current status of
municipal services, its fiscal status, operational and management procedures including the
works and plans of other Government and quasi- Government agencies which contribute
to the growth and development of the city and influence city development patterns. The
process for City Development Plan is shown in Figure 1.1

1.5 Institutional Arrangements in Development Planning

The agencies involved in the infrastructure planning and development in Chennai


Metropolitan Area are presented below. The details of Agencies and its responsibilities are
presented in Table 1.1 and the process of City Development Plan is presented in Figure:
1.1.

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CDP Chennai

Table 1.1: The Details of Agencies and its Responsibilities


Sl. No. Agency Responsibility
Local Government
1 Chennai Corporation- Provision of Roads, streetlights, solid waste collection
and management, micro-drainage, parks and play
2 Municipalities- grounds in their area of jurisdiction
3 Special Village Panchayats
4 Village Panchayats
Parastatal Agency
5 TNHB Neighbourhood development including provision of
plots and ready built houses, Sites and Services
schemes.
6 MTC Bus Transport
7 Traffic Police Traffic Management Schemes
8 TNEB Electricity generation and supply
9 PWD Implementation & Maintenance of macro drainage
system
10 CMDA Urban planning, co -ordination of project
implementation
11 CMWSSB Water Supply & Sewerage facilities for CMA
12 TNSCB Provision of housing, infrastructure and livelihood
programs in slum areas

4
CDP Chennai

Figure 1.1: Process of City Development Plan


City Development plan Process

Strategic Planning, Existing


Situation Review & Defining City
Vision and Goals
• Review of current service delivery
levels from the citizens’ perspective
through consultation between
Agenda for the Future councillors and technical staff of
municipality Draft Corporate Plan
Sectoral Strategies City Vision and Goals
Master Plan
• Agenda Note Preparation on Visions
and Goals of the Corporate Plan in
Water Supply Augmentation Plan Draft Plan Formulation and
Consultation with Planning Partners
Sewerage Master Plan Identification of Capital
Storm Water Master Plan Improvement Program
Comprehensive Traffic & Transport
• Address issues and identify
future requirement within Plan
Period
Annual Progress Report City Development plan • Identify Tasks to address
Amendments
strategies formulated to cater
Plan Review to future requirement
• Annual Report and • Identify Institutions involved
Assessment of Progress in erforming tasks
• Identification of Shortcomings • Define sustainability
• Areas of focus for forthcoming
City development Plan
Draft for Public Consultation
Final City Development Plan
For Implementation Public Consultation, Plan
Approval and Finalisation
Plan Monitoring and Evaluation Critical Review and Approval of
Plan by Citizen Groups/ Public
• Review of Sustainability Indicators Representatives, Elected
• Identification of Councillors and Planning Partners
• Key Areas of deficiencies

5
CDP Chennai

CHAPTER II – DEMOGRAPHY

2.1 Growth of Population

Established in 1639, Chennai is the forth largest metropolitan city of the country and is
experiencing rapid growth in population. The development of transport corridors and rail
connectivity as early as 1900s had attracted industrial developments in the city resulting in
increased growth of population. The Chennai Metropolitan Area comprising city of
Chennai and contiguous area around was notified in 1974. It extends over 1189 Sq.km.
and includes Chennai City Corporation area, 16 Municipalities, 20 Special Village
Panchayats and 213 villages comprised in 10 Panchayat Unions. CMA with a population
of 7 million in 2001 is experiencing a rapid growth. The growth of population in CMA
from 1971 to 2001 is given in the Table 2.1. and Figure: 2.1

Table 2.1: Growth of Population in CMA


Sl. Population (in lakhs) Annual Rate of Area Density
No growth (%) Sq. per Ha.
. 1971 1981 1991 2001 71-81 81-91 91-01 Km. in 2001
1. Chennai City 26.42 32.85 38.43 43.43 2.20 1.58 1.23 176 247
2. Municipalities 4.84 8.14 11.84 15.81 5.24 3.80 2.91 240 66
3. SVPs 1.11 1.64 2.71 3.85 4.43 4.94 3.62 156 25
4. Village 2.67 3.38 5.20 7.30 2.40 4.38 3.58 617 12
Panchayats
5. CMA Total 35.04 46.01 58.18 70.41 2.76 2.37 1.93 1189 59
Source: Census of India

Figure 2.1: Growth of Population in CMA


The municipalities and special village Growth of Population in CMA 1971-2001
panchayats have experienced higher growth than 45 Chennai
that of the city. The density pattern indicate that 40 City
Population (in lakhs)

35
the city has the highest density of 247 30 Municipalit
persons/ha, whereas the average density in 25 y
20
CMA is only 59 persons/ha. The density in the 15 SG Village
municipal areas and special village panchayats 10
5
Panchayats
is very low, indicating that these areas offer 01960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Panchayat
tremendous potential for growth and would be Year Unions
the receiving residential nodes in future. The graph shown in Figure 2.1 is growth of
population in CMA.

The city area recorded a growth of more than 2% per annum during the decades 1951-61
and 1961-71. The reasons for this rapid growth rate can be attributed to industrial
development and increase in economic activities and employment opportunities in the city
and its suburbs, attracting large migrant population. The negative growth during 1971-81
is due to the annexation of surrounding panchayat areas to the city. The population growth
rate and densities of the City is presented in Table 2.2.

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CDP Chennai

Table 2.2: Growth of Population in Chennai City, 1901-2001


Component City Area in Sq. % Annual Population density
population km. Growth Rate per/sq.km
lakhs
1901 5.41 68.17 8000
1911 5.56 68.17 0.26 8200
1921 5.78 68.17 0.41 8500
1931 7.13 68.17 2.12 10500
1941 8.65 77.21 0.69 11200
1951 14.27 128.83 0.22 11100
1961 17.49 128.83 2.06 13600
1971 26.42 128.83 3.93 20000
1981 32.84 176 0.41 18700
1991 38.43 176 1.58 21800
2001 43.44 176 1.23 24700
Source: Census of India.

2.2 Migration

Chennai is a city of migrants like any other metropolitan city in India. According to 2001
Census, migrants to Chennai City from other parts of Tamil Nadu State constitute 74.5 %.
The growth in migrant population shows a ward down trend from 37.24% in 1961 to
21.57% in 2001. Migrants from other parts of India constitute 23.8% and the remaining
1.71 % of the migrants is from other countries. The migration details for the city and CMA
are presented in Tables 2.3 and 2.4. The migration into CMA are showed in Figure: 2.2

Table 2.3: Migration to Chennai City, 1961-01 (in lakhs)


Year Total Total migrants to the city from % of Total
Popul Migrants
ation Other parts of Other parts Other Total to the total
Tamilnadu of India Countries population
No. % No. % No. %
1961 17.49 4.47 69.45 1.71 26.6 0.25 3.90 6.44 36.80
1971 2642 5.51 70.61 2.00 25.63 0.29 3.76 7.80 29.52
1981 32.84 7.19 71.28 2.55 25.31 0.34 3.41 10.08 30.70
1991 38.43 6.44 70.51 2.42 26.47 0.28 3.01 9.18 23.90
2001 43.43 6.98 74.49 2.23 23.80 0.16 1.71 9.37 21.57
Source: Census of India, Tamilnadu Migration Tables-2001.

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CDP Chennai

Table 2.4: Migration into CMA- 2001


Sl. No. Place Males Female Total % to Total
1. Total Migrants 8,55,103 7,53,196 16,08,299
2. Elsewhere in the district of 1,38,235 1,24,844 2,63,079 16.35
enumeration
3. Other Districts of the State 5,49,214 4,71,981 1,021,195 63.50
4. Outside the state 1,55,431 1,45,307 3,00,738 18.70
5. Outside India 25,360 22,360 23,287 1.45
Source: Census of India, Tamilnadu Migration Tables-2001.

Figure 2.2: Migration into CMA 2001


A study conducted by the Time Migration into CMA 2001
Else where in the
Research Foundation in 1991 District of
(sponsored by CMDA) showed that: Enumeration
Other Districts of
1%
19% 16%
the State
• Migrants from other urban areas
constitute 63.4% and only 36.3% Outside the State
are from rural areas.
• Among migrants from urban
Outside India
areas, female migrants out 64%

number male migrants.


• Among rural migrants, male migrants out-number female migrants.
• Among total migrants there is near parity as between male and female migrants.

In respect of migrants from southern region of the state, the urban proportion (75%) is
higher and the rural proportion being only 25%, and among migrants from other southern
states of India, there are more female migrants than male migrants (with migrants from
Kerala being an exception). The pictorial representation of migration into CMA is shown
in Figure 2.2

An interesting and important fact found is the out migration from Chennai City to its
suburbs and other areas within CMA. The population of the Chennai City in 1981 was
32.84 lakhs which includes 10.08 lakh migrant population and natural increase of 5.28
lakhs (for 1971-81) population; the net population excluding these works out to 17.48
lakhs whereas the 1971 population was 26.42 lakhs which shows that there was a net out
migration of 8.94 lakhs (27%) resident population from City mostly to the rest of CMA
(during 1971-1981). Similarly, an out migration of 10.41 lakhs (27% of the total
population) is noted during 1981-91. Also, during 1991-2001, an out migration of 10.34
lakhs (24% of the 2001 population) is noted. Though there were large scale building
construction activities noted during the above periods, the out migration of resident
population from Chennai City proves that considerable conversion of residential premises
into non-residential mostly for office, shopping, hotels and other commercial purposes
took place; this trend continues in this metropolis.

2.3 Birth & Death Rates

The registered birth rates in Chennai City in 1971 were 38.6 and varied from 38.6 to 32.1
during 1971-76 and have reduced to 22.62 in the year 2003. Similarly the death rate also

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CDP Chennai

reduced to a considerable extent from 13.1 in 1975 to 8.01 in 2003. The rate of natural
increase declined from 26.3 in 1971 to 14.61 in 2003.

2.4 Sex Ratio

Sex ratio is denoted by number of females per 1000 males. The sex ratio in CMA
increased from 936 in 1991 to 956 in 2001. The sex ratio in Chennai city and CMA are
presented in Table 2.5.

Table 2.5: Sex Ratio in Chennai City & CMA


Year Chennai City CMA
1961 901 909
1971 904 907
1981 934 927
1991 930 936
2001 957 956
Source: Census of India

2.5 Literacy

The analysis of literacy level in CMA shows that the incidence of illiteracy is found to be
higher in Chennai city and CMA than in the State. The literacy rate in CMA and Chennai
city is more or less the same and has exhibited an increase during 1991-2001. The literacy
rate in CMA is presented in Table 2.6.

Table 2.6: Literacy Levels in CMA


Unit 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001
%
City 59.47 62.01 68.68 72.54 76.81
CMA 54.82 58.64 66.56 70.32 76.09
Source: Census of India

2.6 Population Projection

Population projections have been carried out for CMA based on the past trends. It is
estimated that CMA would house a population of 126 lakhs by 2026, of which Chennai
city alone would account for 58 Lakhs. The population projection of CMA is presented in
Table 2.7.

Table 2.7: Population for CMA and Chennai City


Sl. No. Description Actual Projection (Lakhs)
2001 2006 2011 2016 2021 2026
1 CMA 70.41 78.96 88.71 99.66 11197 125.82
2 Chennai City 43.43 46.28 49.50 52.39 55.40 58.56
Source: Analysis

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CDP Chennai

CHAPTER III – ECONOMY

3.1 Economic Structure of CMA

CMA comprises of Chennai City and areas to an extent of 376.58 Sq.Km. in


Kancheepuram District and 639.39 sq.km. in Thiruvallur District. According to the 2001
Census, 38.6 percent of the population of Kancheepuram District and 57.5 percent of the
population in Thiruvallur District live within CMA. The economic base of the Chennai
City had shifted from trade and commerce to administration and services by the early part
of the 20th Century. In the post-independence period, manufacturing became an important
sector and CMA continues to be most important industrial center in the State. Recent trend
shows that the economic structure of the city is tertiarised with growing contribution by
Information Technology/Information Technology Enabling Service/Business Process
Outsourcing Industries.

Occupational Structure

The comprehensive profile of employment in CMA indicates that the participation rate i.e.
proportion of main workers to the population of CMA was 30.74 percent in 1991 and
30.96 percent in 2001. The corresponding figures for Chennai city was 30.50 percent in
1991 and 31.79 percent in 2001. The number of marginal workers both in the Chennai
City and in CMA is negligible. Table 3.1 presents the occupational structure of City and
CMA in 2001.

Table 3.1: Occupational Structure CMA -2001


Component 2001
Chennai City CMA
Total Workers 14,88,364 25,19,278
Main Workers 13,80,757 22,84,457
Main Cultivators 15,149 33,170
Main Agriculture 5,849 33,390
Main House Hold 25,836 43,394
Main Others 13,33,923 21,74,503
Marginal workers 1,07,607 2,34,821
Marginal Cultivators 2,026 5,728
Marginal Agricultural 1,233 22,681
Marginal House Hold 5,156 10,511
Marginal Others 99,192 1,95,901
Non Workers 28,55,281 4,85,9201
Source: Census of India

The workers in primary activity constitute 6.52 percent in CMA and 1.05 percent in City
1991. In 2001, it was 2.91 percent and 1.52 percent respectively in CMA and Chennai city
indicating that the primary activities are on the decline in the peripheral areas due to the
emergence of manufacturing and new economy industry. The workers in primary activity
are dwindling and it is negligible compared to total, both in Chennai city and in CMA with
more than 90 percent of the people engaged in the tertiary sector. The percentage of non-

10
CDP Chennai

workers was 65.73 percent in city and 69.14 percent in CMA during 2001.

Income Estimates for CMA

The following are the Income estimates for the Districts falling under CMA. The income
estimates for districts in CMA is presented in Table 3.2

Table 3.2: Income Estimates – NDDP at current prices


Sl. No. District At current prices 1999-2000 (Rs. Lakhs)
1. Chennai 12,48,833
2. Kancheepuram 8,24,702
3. Thiruvallur 4,96,671
4. Tamil Nadu State 1,14,30,943
Source: Department of Economics and Statistics

Chennai City alone accounts for 10.94 percent of the State Income. Estimating the income
in the areas of Kancheepuram and Thiruvallur District, which fall within CMA, based on
proportion of population, it works out to 2.8 percent and 2.5 percent respectively. These
show that CMA accounts for 16.21 percent of the State income from all sectors.

3.2 Economic Gateways to Chennai

Chennai is a major trade center and acts as a gateway to this part of India. The location of
ports and international airport has catapulted Chennai as a prime destination for trade and
commerce. The economic gateways of Chennai are outlined in the following sections.

Chennai Port

Chennai Port is one of the largest ports


of India and comprises of well
equipped shipping facilities (23 berths
including 4 exclusive berths for
containers), marine services and other
associated facilities like warehouses
and storages. The Port has full-fledged
container terminals with road and rail
connections which offer all the
advantages that containerization could
provide such as packaging, landing,
pilferage prevention and speedy View of Ship at Chennai Port
transportation of cargo. The Port
measures a water-spread area of 170 hectares and a land extent of 238 hectares. The
principal items of Imports are Petroleum, oil, Lubricants, Fertilizers, Food Grains and
Fibers. The main items of export are Ores (mainly iron ores) granite stones, quartz,
Barites, hides and skins, chemical and cotton goods. Chennai Port handles 60 percent of
the total cargo handled by the State. The total number of containers handled during 2003 -
2004 was 5, 39,265 showing an increase of 67 percent in the last 5 years. The passenger
traffic shows an increase of 22 percent in the last five years.

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CDP Chennai

Ennore Port

The Port of Ennore is the first


corporatised port in the country and
handles bulk cargo. The Port measures
a water-spread area of 220 Ha. and a
land extent of 1336 Ha. Currently,
Ennore Port comprises only two berths
and is planning to expand its shipping
facilities to handle large volumes of
bulk cargo. A port specific Special
Economic Zone (SEZ) is being
planned to enhance the economic
opportunities of the port as well as the Approach to Ennore Port
region.

International Airport

The Chennai Airport is one of the


largest airports of the country. It
handled about 20.54 lakhs
international passengers and 25.01
lakh domestic passengers during 2003-
04. In addition, the airport handled
cargo of about 1.50 lakh tones
including 1.35 lakh tons of
international cargo and has a
significant share in total passengers as
well as cargo handled in the four major
Airports. The international passengers View of Chennai Airport
handled by Chennai Air Port have increased 4 fold from 1991 to 2004 where as the
domestic passengers have increased 2 fold in the same year.

In addition, the existing airport is planned for a major expansion to make it a world class
airport and accordingly, GoTN has provided for 1500 acres of land for the expansion
purposes. The expansion and modernization of Airport would impact the economic
competitiveness and will have a major impact on the economy of the CMA/the State.

3.3 Economic Drivers

Manufacturing Sector

The manufacturing sector of Chennai comprises large industries such as petrochemicals


and chemical industry, electrical and automobile and related ancillary industries. Chennai
is the automobile capital of India with the presence of international car manufactures.
Some of the largest industrial estates such as Ambattur and Manali are located in CMA
and house multi-product industries. Small industrial estates at Guindy, Thirumazhisai and

12
CDP Chennai

Thirumudivakkam house medium and


small scale industries. Chennai has a
large base of leather industry and
accounts for 50% of the total exports
of the country. Tamil Nadu accounts
for 70 percent of leather tanning
companies in India and 38 percent of
leather foot wear and components;
most of the footwear industries are
located within CMA. A cluster of
chemical industries is located at
Manali in CMA. An export processing
zone (MEPZ) spreading over an area of View of Manali Petrochemical
261 acres is located at Tambaram for
apparel and other exports.

The metropolitan region comprises of large automobile engineering, glass and ceramic
industries which are located at Marai Malai Nagar, Irungattukottai, Sriperumbudhur,
Thiruvallore and Gummudipoondi. Tamil Nadu accounts for about 21 percent of passenger
cars, 33 percent of commercial vehicles and 35 percent of automobile components
produced in India. Chennai, the ‘Detroit of India’ is emerging as a major export hub for
cars in South East Asia.

International car manufactures such as Ford, Hyundai, and General Motors etc. have
established their manufacturing bases to cater to domestic and international markets. Some
of the major industrial developments having an impact on the economic development of
CMA include:

• Saint Gobain Glass factory at Sriperumbudur.


• Mahindra Industrial Park developed over an area of 1300 acres.
• New testing and homologation centre for automobile sector with an investment of Rs.
1000 Crores.

New Economy Industries

Chennai is a preferred destination for


IT/ITES and houses all the top 10 IT
Indian multi national Companies. The
Tidal Park, with a combined area of 2.5
million sq.ft. is an established self
contained IT park housing all the major
players in the IT sector. In addition, an
exclusive IT Park is being developed at
Siruseri to promote IT investments in the
region and a Knowledge Industrial
Township is being planned in
Sholinganallur along the IT Corridor to
meet the growing demands of the sector.
Tamil Nadu is the second largest software View of Tidal Park
exporter in the country next to Karnataka

13
CDP Chennai

with more than 90% of the exports from Chennai alone. In addition, the initiatives that are
planned/on-going that would catapult Chennai as the most preferred destination for new
technology industries including:

• Development of Bio-technology park or TICEL.


• Development of IT Corridor.

3.4 Employment Projection

The employment potential and projection for future is worked out based on the existing
and envisaged economic developments and past trends. Based on the workers participation
rate in 2001, it is estimated that by 2011, 87.5 % of the male and 30% of the female
eligible working population will be willing to work and by 2021 about 92.5% of males and
36% of females would be willing to work necessitating creation of employment
opportunities. The demand for employment is presented in Table 3.3.

Table 3.3: Employment Projection for CMA-2026


Description 2011 2016 2021 2026
Lakhs
Population 88.71 99.66 111.98 125.82
Eligible Workers 15-60 (69.15%) 61.34 68.92 77.43 87.01
Eligible Male Workers (52%) 31.90 35.84 40.26 45.24
Eligible Female Workers (48%) 29.44 33.08 37.17 41.76
Male Willing to Work 27.91 32.25 37.25 42.98
Female Willing to Work 8.37 10.64 13.41 17.19
Total 36.28 42.89 50.65 60.17
Additional Jobs to be created 10.09 16.70 24.47 33.99
Male Willing to Work %(assumed) 87.5 90 92.5 95
Female Willing to Work %(assumed) 30 33 36 40

14
CDP Chennai

CHAPTER IV – LAND USE & STRUCTURE OF CHENNAI

This chapter describes the evolution of Chennai and the land use structure and outlines the
future directions of growth taking into account of all the relevant panning aspects.

4.1 History

The foundation for the development of the Chennai was laid in 1639 as a British
settlement and later expanded as a new town around Fort St. George. The population,
which was 19,000 in 1646, expanded to 40,000 in 1669 and the surroundings of the Fort
area covering 16 hamlets were constituted as the City of Madras in 1798.

The introduction of the railway line gave development potential to the hitherto uninhabited
places with new areas being developed. Before 1800, the roads were in a radial pattern, but
after 1810 ring roads were developed inside the City. Mount Road was developed
providing access to all the important arterials of Chennai. To facilitate trade a harbor was
completed in 1896 just to the east of George Town. The principal roads leading out of the
area in three directions connected the north, west and southern parts of the city and still
remain the main transportation framework for the City. Railways were also built radiating
from the centre in these three principal directions.

The important developments during the period 1901 and 1941 were the commissioning of
the electrified suburban meter-gauge railway between Beach and Tambaram in 1931
which gave a fillip for the development of the outlying suburban areas. The thirty years
between 1941 and 1971 saw tremendous growth in population and economic activity in
and around the City. This period also saw the growth of new residential as well as
industrial suburbs particularly on the west and south. The setting up of Integral Coach
Factory at Perambur, the Madras Refinery and Fertilizers at Ennore, the Heavy Vehicles
Factory at Avadi and the expansion of the Harbour and development of automobile
industries facilitated the rapid economic growth of Chennai.

4.2 Development Planning in Chennai Metropolitan Area

Structure of the City in 1971

The City is at the core of the metropolitan area and is the centre for all commercial and
social activities as well as a living area for the population. Its structure approximates to a
semi-circle with extensions in five main directions, the North, Northwest, West, Southwest
and South. Naturally all communication lines led to this centre and these in turn were
linked with each other producing a radial and ring pattern of development. It is observed
that the economics of transportation has led to formation of development corridors the
most important of which are on the west and southwest where physical conditions were
more favorable for development.

15
CDP Chennai

The industrial areas within the City were mainly in the northern and western parts, where
they were closely mixed with residential developments but new industrial establishments
were located outside the City limits and many important industries were on the outskirts.
The main industrial areas are in Ennore and Manali on the north, in Ambattur and Avadi
on the west, along Anna Salai and its extension on the southwest. Nearly 40 percent of the
industrial work places were located on the north and northwestern part of the Chennai
Metropolitan Area and over 10 per cent along Anna Salai and its extensions. The structure
of the city in 1973 is shown in the Figure 4.1 and the existing land use 1973 is presented in
Table 4.1 and Map 4.1

Table 4.1: Land Use in 1973


Sl.No Description Chennai City Rest of CMA
Ha. % Ha. %
1 Residential 7788 44.46 9144 8.67
2 Commercial 820 4.68 68 0.06
3 Industrial 893 5.10 2976 2.82
4 Institutional 3045 17.38 2260 2.14
5 Open space and Recreational 920 5.25 4822 4.57
6 Agriculture 73689 69.88
7 Non Urban 1633 1.55
8 Others 4052.18 23.13 10865 10.3
Total 17518 100 105456 100.00
Source: CMDA

4.3 Structure of the Metropolis in 2005

The first Master Plan for CMA approved in 1976 proposed the structure of the Metropolis
taking into account various factors. The structure proposed was of a radial pattern with the
City as the hub. The main elements of the strategy were encouragement of growth along
the major transport corridors and development of urban nodes at Manali, Minjur,
Ambattur, Avadi, Alandur and Tambaram., dispersal of certain activities from CBD and
development of satellite towns beyond CMA at Maraimalai Nagar, Gumidipoondi and
Thiruvallur. The Master Plan included spatial plans for CMA with land use zoning and set
the urban form during the plan period. The plan envisaged decongesting the core and
accordingly relocation of mofussil bus terminal and wholesale vegetable, fruit and flower
markets to Koyambedu; iron and steel market to Sathangadu were developed and a truck
terminal at Madhavaram was made operational. The land use structure of CMA in 2001 is
presented in Table 4.2 and in Map 4.2.

16
CDP Chennai

Map 4.1: Chennai Metropolitan Region Existing Land use in 1973

17
CDP Chennai

Map 4.2: Chennai Metropolitan Region Existing Land use in 2001

18
CDP Chennai

Table 4.2: Land use break up in 1975 and in 2001


Sl.No Land Use Proposed in I Master Plan In 2001
Chennai City Rest of CMA Chennai city Rest Of CMA
Extent % Extent % Extent % Extent %
in Hec in Hec in Hec in Hec
1 Residential 8082 48.57 32256 30.48 9293 52.94 20833 19.92
2 Commercial 973 5.85 895 0.86 1238 7.05 378 0.36
3 Industrial 1107 6.66 6362 6.11 890 5.07 6419 6.14
4 Institutional 2746 16.51 4935 4.74 3180 18.11 2876 2.75
5 Open space 3254 14.55 7767 7.46 364 2.07 200 0.19
and
Recreational
6 Agriculture 50924 48.91 94 0.53 12257 11.72
7 Non Urban 476 2.86 979 0.44 82 0.47 1689 1.61
8 Others 2413 13.75 59953 57.31
Source: CMDA

4.4 Density and FSI

Chennai is one of the high-density cities in India. Its density varies from 180 persons per
ha. in Saidapet and Mylapore Corporation zones and 368 persons per ha. in
Kodambakkam zone within the Corporation limits and the gross density for Chennai City
is 247 persons per ha.

The existing developments in Chennai can be categorized as High Dense Medium raised
developments mostly of buildings up to 15 mts. heights. FSI allowed for such
development up to 15 m height presently is maximum 1.5. Multistoried developments
(High rise development) within CMA are very few; in order to encourage amalgamation of
smaller plots into larger size and construction of buildings with large open space around, a
higher FSI of 2.5/2.75 is allowed in Multistoried developments.

4.5 Hierarchy of Roads

The growing travel demand in the Metropolis has been dictating the need to increase the
supply of road space. Implementation of the 1st Master Plan ensured enhancement of road
space by way of provision of missing road links, widening of existing roads, removal of
bottlenecks in the road network, construction of under passes/over passes, development of
mini flyovers, etc. The focus in the regime of the 2nd Master Plan would not only be
consolidating the efforts taken in the past to enhance the road and transport supply to cope
with the increasing travel desires in the CMA but also establish a hierarchy of roads in the
CMA, so as to ensure the road and transport supply is optimally utilized.

As for other urban road systems, the hierarchy of roads in the CMA would comprise (a)
arterial roads, (b) sub-arterial roads, (c) collector roads and (d) feeder roads/streets.
Guided by the fact that the intra-zonal travel speed in the CMA is 15kmph (as per CTTS
1992-95), the hierarchy of roads in the CMA has been so proposed that a person is able to
access either an arterial road or sub-arterial road in the space of 2.5 km or 10 minutes

19
CDP Chennai

travel by any of the private travel modes, with a view to ensure an equity of mobility and
accessibility across the entire CMA. This would mean that the entire road network in the
CMA, both existing and proposed, would translate itself into the grids of arterial/sub-
arterial roads, 5 km across with the collector roads within grids providing access to the
arterial/ sub-arterial network. Further accessibility to public transport network within a
distance of 1 to 1.5 km has also been considered optimally good. The arterial roads will
have rights-of- way (RoW) of 45m to 61m, the sub-arterial roads will have RoW of 30.5m
and the collector roads will have RoW of 18m.

20
CDP Chennai

Map 4.3: Chennai Metropolitan Region Proposed Land Use -2026

21
CDP Chennai

CHAPTER V – MUNICIPAL INFRASTRUCTURE

5.1 Water Supply System

5.1.1 Analysis of Existing Situation

Chennai Metropolitan Water Supply and Sewerage Board (CMWSSB) formed in 1978 as
a statutory body is vested with the responsibility of planning, construction, operation and
maintenance of water supply and sewerage system in Chennai Metropolitan Area (CMA).
Though its operation is limited to City Corporation’s area in general, the Board is also
extending its services to the surrounding urban local bodies (with 7.88 sq.km. in extension
areas and Manali new town) and has already initiated measures to provide services for the
entire metropolitan area.

5.1.2 Source of Water Supply

The main sources of water supply in the metropolitan areas are both surface and ground
water sources.

Surface Water Sources

The sources of surface water are the


reservoirs at Poondi, Redhills,
Cholavaram and Chembarambakkam,
Porur Lake, Veeranam Lake and also
from Kandaleru Reservoir in Andhra
Pradesh under Telugu Ganga Project,
which is fed by Srisailam - Somasila
reservoir’s network.

Chennai City water supply is drawn


from the Red Hills Lake located about View of Poondi Reservoir
12 km. from city on the north-west
side. The lake receives its supply from the rainfall in its catchment spread over an area 60
sq.km. and also from Kosasthalaiyar River across which a dam is constructed to create
reservoir at Poondi. The scheme as it exists today consists of the surface storages at
Poondi, Cholavaram and Redhills lakes with a total capacity of 210 million cubic metres
fed by the Kosatalaiyar River. The lakes are mostly fed by North East Monsoon, which is
active only for a few months in a year between October and December.

A system of lakes connects and collects the catchment run-off on the northwest of CMA to
the Red hills. In order to prevent / minimize the pollution to these water sources, the
catchment of Red hills (about 60 sq.km.) is declared a no-development zone in 1991.
Water from Red hills is conveyed through closed conduits to Kilpauk water works, treated
therein and distributed to various parts of the city.

22
CDP Chennai

In addition, Chembarambakkam tank (located about 12 km. from the city in the west) is
also used as one of the main sources of water supply to the city. Veeranam tank (located
about 230 km. from the city in the south) has been identified as an additional source of
water supply to Chennai through which water is conveyed through a pipeline to Chennai.
The characteristics of existing surface sources are presented in Table 1.0.

In addition, Chembarambakkam tank


(located about 12 km. from the city
in the west) is also used as one of the
main sources of water supply to the
city. Veeranam tank (located about
230 km. from the city in the south)
has been identified as an additional
source of water supply to Chennai
through which water is conveyed
through a pipeline to Chennai. The
characteristics of existing surface
sources are presented in Table 5.1. View of Chembarambakkam Reservoir
The Water Source Surface and Sub
Surface for CMR are furnished in Map: 5.1

Table 5.1: Characteristics of Existing Surface Sources


Reservoir Maximu Drawl Maximu Full Mean Catchment
m Water off m Usable Area Depth Area(Sq.Km
Elevation elevatio Volume surface (Metre )
(Meter) n (million (millio )
(Meter) cu.m) n sq.ft)
Poondi 42.67 34.14 91.44 376.74 8.53 1983
Cholavaram 19.66 14.22 24.93 55.76 5.44 28.49
Red hills 15.30 8.59 93.39 195.15 6.71 60.00
Chembarambakka 26.03 18.72 103.15 711.18 7.31 357.00
m
Veeranam 14.48 12.34 41.46 2.14 422.40
Total 354.37 2850.89
Source: CMWSSB

Source Development-Surface Sources

Telugu Ganga Project

Considering the acute water scarcity faced by the Metropolitan Area during 1980s, it was
proposed to draw 15 TMC from River Krishna through the Srisailam, Somasila and
Kandaleru reservoirs in Andhra Pradesh. The Project envisages supply of water from
Kandaleru reservoir in Andhra Pradesh through an open canal and conveyed to the lakes of
Poondi, Redhills, Cholavaram and Chembarambakkam lakes for further treatment and
distribution to the city. The Phase 1 of the project is completed and Phase-2 is under
implementation and is expected to be completed by March 2007. It is expected that 930
MLD of water would be realized once the project is fully completed.

23
CDP Chennai

Chennai City Water Supply Augmentation Project-I

Chennai Water Supply Augmentation


Project-I (to add 180 MLD water to
Chennai City water requirement) was
taken up by CMWSSB in 2004 at a
cost of Rs.720 crores. It is to draw
190 MLD of raw water from
Veeranam Lake near Sethiathope,
situated in Cuddalore District at
about 230 km. from Chennai City,
pump the raw water to about 20 km.
through the pipeline to Vadakuthu
for treatment, pump the treated water
Veeranam Lake
from Vadakuthu for a distance of
about 8 km. to the Break pressure Tank at Kadampuliyur ridge point and then convey the
water from this ridge point by gravity for about 200 km. to the Water Distribution Station
at Porur in Chennai and finally distributed through the distribution network system.

Chennai City Water Supply Augmentation Project-II

The Chennai Water Supply


Augmentation Project-II (CWSAP-
II) at an estimated cost of Rs.124.00
crores is being taken up in 2004 with
an objective to augment water supply
to the city by intercepting the rain
water runoff by the construction /
rehabilitation of check dams across
Cooum, Adyar and Palar Rivers.
About 20 MLD of water is proposed
to be tapped from the above sources
and the project is scheduled for
completion by the end of 2007. Adyar River

Desalination Plant

The acute water scarcity in CMA and frequent failure of the monsoons warranted a
sustainable solution for source reliability and augmentation of water supplies to the
Chennai Metropolitan Area. Accordingly CMWSSB envisaged setting up a 100 MLD
desalination plant at Minjur. The plant is proposed on Design, Build, Own, Operate and
Transfer (DBOOT) basis. CMWSSB has completed the procurement process and the
developer has been selected. A project specific, SPV, Chennai Water Desalination Ltd. has
been formed for implementing the project. The project is awaiting CRZ clearance from
MoEF and is expected to be commissioned by 2007.

The major source augmentation projects undertaken by CMWSSB are presented in Table
5.2.

24
CDP Chennai

Table 5.2: Major Source Augmentation Projects


Sl. No. Name of the Scheme Cost (Rs. Quantity Status
Crores)
MLD
1 Chennai Water Supply Augmentation 720 180 Completed
Project-I (Veeranam Lake as source)
2 Chennai Water Supply Augmentation 124 20 Dec’2007
Project-II (Proposed)
3 Sea Water Desalination Plant DBOOT 100 July 2007
Total 300
Source: CMWSSB

Sub-Surface Water Sources

The ground water sources are ground water from well fields, coastal aquifer, brackish
water based Reverse Osmosis Plants, Neyveli Acquifer etc.

During 1960s & 70s three aquifers at Minjur, Panjetty and Tamaraipakkam located in the
north and northwest of the city and the aquifers along the coastal belt from Thiruvanmiyur
to Kovalam were identified and tapped. Studies in the area North West of the city have
identified a ‘buried channel’- the course of Palar river thousands of years back comprising
of a well field extending to a stretch of about a 50 km. length and 5 km. average width
suitable for extraction of ground water. Accordingly the following well fields have been
developed for ground water extraction.

Table 5.3: Details of Well Fields


Well Fields Year of No. of wells Yield MLD Average yield from
Commissioning presently during design Dept. wells in 2005.
Yielding Water
Tamaraipakkam 1969 2 out of 30 50 1.60
Panjetty 1969 1 out of 13 41 0.08
Minjur 1969 5 out of 9 34 3.10
Poondi 1987 4 out of 12 27 1.20
Flood Plains 1987 0 out of 5 14 0.00
Kannigaiper 1987 0 out 5 14 0.01
Total 12 out of 74 180 5.99

Table 5.3 clearly brings out the depletion of ground water source during the last 30 years
in that area due to increase in demand resulting in overdrawal of ground water. In addition,
due to severe scarcity, CMWSSB has hired private agricultural wells from 2000 to
augment water supplies. The average yield from such sources during 2005 is to the tune of
77 MLD.

To regulate and control the extraction, use of transport of ground water and to conserve
ground water, the Chennai Metropolitan Area Ground Water (Regulation) Act, 1987 was
enacted. The Act is being enforced by the CMWSSB in the Chennai City and the District
Collectors in the case of adjacent areas and it provides for grant of permit to sink wells in
the scheduled areas, registration of existing wells and use of ground water in the area,

25
CDP Chennai

license for extraction, use or transport of ground water etc.

The entire area within the Chennai City has potential for restricted drawal through shallow
open wells, and tube wells, and these types of wells are prominent in the premises within
the city. Though unprotected, it helps to supplement the limited quantity of protected
water available from the public system. Assuming a conservative figure of drawal of 50
lpcd of ground water, for the population of Chennai about 4.6 million in 2006, estimated
drawal will be in the order of 230 MLD.

Safe Yield and Supply Levels

The estimated safe yield and average yield at various sources for water supply to Chennai
in the year 2005 is presented in Table 5.4.

Table 5.4: Sources & Safe Yield


Sl.No. Name of Source Safe Yield
in MLD
1 Poondi-Cholavaram – Red Hills Lake system (including diversion 200
of flood flow from Araniar to Kosasthalaiyar;iyar
2 Ground Water from Northern Well Field 100
3 Southern Coastal Aquifer 5
Total 305

26
CDP Chennai

Map 5.1: Water Source Surface and Sub Surface for Chennai Metropolitan Region

27
CDP Chennai

5.1.3 Supply Levels

The current water supply from all the sources is of the order of 550 MLD. However,
during the summer season, in times of reduced storage, the supply levels would be as low
as 300 MLD. In addition, CMWSSB also provides bulk water to the surrounding
municipalities to supplement the other sources.

5.1.4 Treatment Capacities

The availability of treatment


capacities at 750 MLD is much more
than the current supply levels. The
treatment capacity appears to be high
as the current supply is lower than
the anticipated levels and would
suffice the current requirement if a
full supply is envisaged. The location
and capacities of treatment plants is
presented in Table 5.5.

View of Redhills Reservoir


Table 5.5: Treatment Capacities
Sl. No Location Capacity-MLD
1. Kilpauk 270
2 Redhills 300
3 Veeranam 180
Total 750
Source: CMWSSB

In addition, a 530 MLD capacity treatment plant at Chembaramkkam is currently under


construction taking the total capacity to 1280 MLD. This is constructed in anticipation of
full realization of Krishna Water to the city which would augment the existing the supply
levels.

5.1.5 Distribution System and Storage Capacity

The distribution network in Chennai City covers a length of 2582 Km and is divided into
159 Divisions. About 98% of the population of the city is covered through piped supply
and the balance is through water tankers. The water is distributed through 27 main and
subsidiary water distribution stations comprising Over Head Tanks and Under Ground
Tanks. The combined storage capacities are of the order of 322 ML. The ULBs manage
their own storage capacity, which is adequate considering the present supply levels but
would need augmentation in the future.

Master Plan for Water Supply- Distribution System

A Master plan for the management of the water supply and sewerage for the city, which

28
CDP Chennai

was prepared in the year 1978, was revised in the year 1991 in order to receive and utilize
the water for city supply under Telugu Ganga Project from Andhra Pradesh and later
updated in 1997. The Master Plan contemplated the construction of additional water
treatment plant, water distribution stations, laying of additional transmission mains and
strengthening of the existing distribution system. The Master plan envisages re-organizing
the existing distribution system network to the 16 zones and adequate infrastructure to
ensure equitable distribution of water supply. The implementation of the Master Plan has
been taken up in stages for water supply management in Chennai city to utilise the Krishna
water received from Andhra Pradesh.

The size of the pipes constituting the distribution system ranges from 100 mm to 1500 mm
in diameter with a total length of about 2582 km. The existing system largely consists of
C.I. pipes. In some specific areas PVC mains exist. Of the total length, 85% is estimated
to be of diameter 200 mm and less. Also, about 50% of the smaller sized distribution
pipelines are estimated to be of age 50 years or more. Ageing of pipeline, incrustation due
to intermittent supply and other factors have contributed to the reduction in the capacity of
the distribution system resulting in low pressure in the distribution system. More than
50% of the total system is estimated to have zero residual head. Chennai City has been
expanding at a fast rate and because of this, it is found difficult to meet the demand,
especially at the tail end areas. The 300 MLD capacity Water Treatment Plant was
constructed at Redhills with World Bank assistance under the first Chennai Water Supply
Project and 3 Nos. of transmission mains were also laid to facilitate the treated water to
different water distribution stations located in the city.

Second Chennai project

The Second Chennai Water Supply Project was taken up by CMWSSB during February
1996 with World Bank Assistance at a cost of Rs.778.79 cores and most of the works
contemplated under this project has been completed. Some of the major works such as
construction of Water Distribution Stations (7 Nos.), Laying of Clear Water Transmission
mains (36 km.), Strengthening of Water Distribution System in 11 zones (660 km.) out of
16 zones were taken up, including leak detection rectification works covering about 70%
of Chennai City Area. The benefits accrued due to the implementation of the project
include increased piped water supply and reduction in unaccounted water. An additional
water treatment plant of 300 MLD capacities at Red Hills and refurbishment of the
existing Kilpauk Water Treatment Plant of capacity 270 MLD was taken up and
completed under this project.

Construction of 530 MLD capacity Water Treatment Plant at Chembarambakkam

The implementation of Telugu Ganga project necessitated augmenting the treatment


capacities for supply of potable water to the city. Accordingly, a 530 MLD water treatment
plant is under construction at Chembarambakkam at an estimated cost of Rs. 134.90
crores. About 70% of the work is completed and the project would be commissioned by
May 2007. In addition, laying of transmission mains at a cost of Rs. 90 Crores to convey
treated water from Chembarambakkam lake has been taken up.

29
CDP Chennai

Third Chennai Project

CMWSSB has proposed to take up further systemic improvement projects in water supply,
both for Chennai city and adjacent Urbanised Local Bodies as “Third Chennai Project” at
a cost of Rs.750 crores. The components envisaged in the proposed project include
construction of check dam across Kortaraliar River and Refurbishment of Vallur anaicut,
rehabilitation of Porur tank and introducing geographical information system for efficient
operations and maintenance. Since most of the components are to be taken up urgently and
as the appraisal of the project by World Bank is getting delayed, these components have
now been posed under JN-NURM for approval.

5.1.6 Coverage and Supply Levels

The total water supplied in Chennai is to the tune of 550 MLD during normal season
which gets reduced during summer and in drought years due to reduced source
availability. The per capita supply levels are 90 lpcd which would also reduce during the
scarce time. In addition, the per capita supply is inequitable in some zones where the
supply levels would be only 30-40 lpcd.

Comparing the per capita supply levels in other metropolitan cities, the supply levels in
Chennai are the lowest at 90 lpcd indicating the seriousness of the situation. The acute
scarcity of water in 2004 in the city due to failure of the monsoon resulted in
discontinuation of piped supply. However, water was supplied through tankers and
CMWSSB has taken initiatives to avoid such instances in future through source
augmentation such as Veeranam Water Supply Scheme.

The per capita supply levels in the municipalities of CMA are much lower than that of the
City. It is estimated that the average per capita supply in the CMA is about 20-25 lpcd,
which is much lower than the norm. Map 5.2 shows the water supply distribution network
& Storage Reservoirs in the Chennai City.

5.1.7 Frequency of Supply

The frequency of water supply is currently on a daily basis. However in the CMA areas,
the supply is on alternate days. The hours of supply varies from 2 hrs. to 6 hrs.

5.1.8 Coverage in Slums

About 3.5 lakh population of Chennai in slums comprising of 58,631 households are
covered through piped supply, tankers and public fountains. CMWSSB supplies water
through 8916 public fountains and 3542 mini tanks to augment the piped water supply.
About 2/3rd of these facilities cater to low income and slum population. Ground water for
supplementation purposes is also drawn through 7726 India Mark II pumps.

30
CDP Chennai

5.1.9 Rain Water Harvesting

The importance for conservation of water and rainwater harvesting was understood and
due consideration and thrust were given from early 90s itself in Chennai. Planning
permission and completion certificates are issued only for developments with rain water-
harvesting structures within the premises. Provision of rainwater structure in all types of
developments-existing and new, irrespective of size or use has been made mandatory by
amending DCR and Building Byelaws in 2001. After implementation of this scheme
widely in CMA, a significant increase in the ground water levels and also quality of
ground water was noted. In addition, as per amendments, in 2001, it is also mandatory for
all centrally air-conditioned buildings to have their own wastewater reclamation plant for
use in cooling plants.

31
CDP Chennai

Map 5.2: Water Supply Distribution Network & Storage Reservoirs in Chennai City

FROM
600m m Ø R C C W E L L F IE L D S
PANJETTY
F R O M M IN J U R
K A N N I G A IP E R
FROM W E L L F IE L D
W E L L F IE L D S LO C AL

600/500mmØ
8 0 0 m m Ø C .I
D IS T R IB U T IO N

600mmØ
750mmØ
MAGARAL M ANALI NEW TO W N
POONDI
TAMARAPAKKAM
(2 .6 M L D ) (0 .9 M L D )
N
M ANALI MRL

24"

12"
F L O O D P L A IN S (P A N J E T T Y ) 7 5 0 m m Ø R C C M FL
RA W W ATER BOOSTER
(M A G R A L ) 6 0 0 m m Ø R C C I N D U S T R IE S S T A T IO N
PUM PHOUSE
(M A G R A L ) 6 0 0 m m Ø R C C

ES
JO NES TOW ER

STRI
750mmØ

600mmØ
T O IN D U S T R IE S
1200m m Ø

TO INDU
(2 N o s )

R E D H IL L S 300 M LD NO RTH 600m m Ø

3 0 0 m ld C H E N N A I M A IN 750m m Ø
MRL
J U N C T IO N
T O T H IR U V O T T IY U R

LAKE R E D H IL L S M ADHAVARAM TO SM ALL S .R A I L W A Y


DOG KENNEL
TREATM ENT ERATTAI B O O S T E R S T A T IO N IN D U S T R IE S
(4 .0 M L D )
( 1 .0 M L D )
PLANT
ERI ( 9 .0 M L )
300 M LD SO UTH
N E W IN T A K E
TO W ER C H E N N A I M A IN R .V .N A G A R

M UTHAM ZH
NAGAR

300 M LD 11
K .K .D N G R PATEL
C

CENTRAL
C

O
O

N
N
C

C H E N N A I M A IN
D
O

NAGAR
U

T IR U V A L L U R
U
N

IT
IT
D

- II
-I

NAGAR
U
IT

(1
(1

(1 2 .0 M L D )
- II

46

10
04
I (1

M
M

LD
90

LD

)
)
M

2
LD

MKB
)

TO

NAGAR
K
PS

KO LATHUR
(4 .0 M L D ) ANNA
POONGA
KO RATTUR
T .V .S 9 VYASARPADI
(6 .0 M L D )
(3 .0 M L D )
LAKE GROUPS
F A C T O R IE S
(2 .0 M L D ) V IL L IV A K K A M
O .H .T
KO RATTUR (1 .5 M L D )
H .W (1 .0 M L D )
KANNAPAR
A G A T H IA R
N A G A R O .H .T
K IL P A U K T H ID A L
(1 .5 M L D )
A N .W E S T
(1 8 .0 M L D )
EXTN - I
(2 .0 M L D )
1 KPS 3
ANNA NAGAR
M O G A P P A IR A N .W E S T
E .W .S O H T
W EST E X T N - II (0 .5 M L D )
(0 .2 5 M L D ) (1 .0 M L D ) ANNA NAGAR
H .W - O H T
M O G A P P A IR
(1 1 .5 M L D ) SHAFT
EAST
(1 .2 5 M L D ) ANNA NAGAR
BULK SUPPLY
(1 .5 M L D )
R A IL
NAGAR
(1 .0 M L D ) M .M .D .A
O H T ( 3 .0 M L D )
T R IP L IC A N E
8 (1 7 .0 M L D )
C H O O L A IM E D U
(6 .0 / 4 5 .0
VADAPALANI
M LD)
15
VALLUVAR
4 Wa
-K O T T A M
&Z
(4 .0 M L D )

(1 8 .0 M L D )
14
PORUR 5 16
LAKE K .K .N A G A R SHW M YLAPORE
(1 4 M L D )
(5 2 .0 M L D ) BAY OF
(5 2 .0 M L D )
13 BENGAL
7 NANDANAM
(5 M L D )
EKKADU
THANGAL
(4 M L D )
12
ALANDUR
(1 M L D )
6 P A L IP A T T U
( 1 0 M L D ) T H IR U V A N M IY U R
H .W
(0 .9 M L D )
VELACHE RY

(5 M L D ) T O O K K IU M
T H O R A IP A K K A M
(0 .3 0 M L D )
T O A A V IN
(0 .3 0 M L D )
FROM SOUTHERN
C O A S T A L A C Q U IF E R

32
CDP Chennai

5.1.10 Requirements for Future

The requirements of water supply for Chennai Metropolitan Area for the year 2026 are
around 2,248 MLD. This includes 1,606 MLD for domestic purposes and the remaining
for commercial and industrial purposes. The population projection for CMA is presented
in Table 5.6.

Table 5.6: Population Projections for CMA


Sl. No Name of category Year
2011 2016 2021 2026
lakhs
1 Chennai city 49.5 52.39 55.4 58.56
2 Municipalities in CMA 21.75 25.60 30.20 35.69
3 Special Village panchayat 5.89 7.41 9.45 12.21
4 Village Panchayats 10.59 12.96 15.99 19.88
Total CMA 88.71 99.66 111.97 125.82
Source: CMWSSB

The following are the assumptions for estimating the water requirements for CMA which
is presented in Tables 5.7 & 5.8.

Table 5.7: Assumptions- Water Requirement


Component Details
Residential use
• Chennai city 150 lpcd
• Municipalities 125 lpcd
• Special Village Panchayats 100 lpcd
• Village Panchayats 80 lpcd
Commercial uses 30% of resident population requirements
industrial use 10% of resident population requirements

Table 5.8: Total Water Requirement for CMA


Sl. Name of category Year
No 2011 2016 2021 2026
MLD
1 Water requirement for the resident 1165 1284 1431 1606
population
2 Water requirement for office, 349 385 429 482
commercial, industrial premises and
other places of employment, education
etc.
3 For industrial use 116 128 143 160
Total Water requirement 1630 1797 2003 2248
Source: CMWSSB

33
CDP Chennai

5.1.11 Projects to meet the Future Demand

Source Development

The CMWSSB has completed the scheme to augment the source of water supply by
implementing Chennai Water Supply Augmentation Project-I to supply 180 MLD. A
project to construct a 100 MLD Reverse Osmosis based sea water desalination plant under
DBOOT basis has also been taken up for implementation. Further the CWSAP II project
at an estimated cost of Rs.124 crore is also under implementation to firm up source
sustainability, in addition to augmenting the source. In addition, improvement works to
enhance the storage capacity of Kandaleru, Somasila reservoirs and the lining of Telugu
Ganga Project canal to improve the flow efficiency are in progress to enable supply of full
quantity of 12 TMC (930 mld) of water to Chennai city. The sources and availability of
water from each of the source is presented in Table 5.9.

Table 5.9: Sources and availability of water for meeting demands


Sl. No. Name of Source Safe Yield in mld
1 Poondi-Cholavaram – Red Hills Lake system (including 200
diversion of flood flow from Araniar to Korataiyar
2 Ground Water from Northern Well Field 100
3 Southern Coastal Aquifer 5
Sub Total (A) 305
4 Krishna Water I Stage 400
5 Krishna Water II Stage 530
6 New Veeranam (CWSAP-I) 180
7 CWSAP-II (Proposed) 20
8 Sea Water Desalination (Proposed) 100
Sub Total (B) 1230
Grand Total (A) + (B) 1535
Source: CMWSSB

The projections indicate that the overall water demand for the year 2026 is of the order of
2,248 MLD as against the full potential of the existing and presently ongoing source works
totaling to 1,535 MLD, thus leaving a deficit of 713 MLD. Due to frequent and recurrent
deficit monsoon in Chennai and in AP, there is uncertainty on the availability of water
during such periods. Hence, it is pertinent to create additional reliable sources of water
supply and accordingly the use of recycled wastewater and desalination of sea water are
being considered.

The reuse of wastewater, though desirable from the environmental point of view, is
fraught with limitations till acceptability for drinking use is established. Until then, the
utilization of recycled wastewater can be limited to industrial purposes only.

Considering the above, desalination is one of the options being considered for reliable
source of water supply. Accordingly 700 MLD is proposed in two phases, phase I
comprising of 300 MLD and phase II of 400 MLD. The land required for establishing the
additional desalination plants have already been identified, one at Kattupally near Minjur
and the other near Thiruporur and Kelambakkam.

34
CDP Chennai

Transmission Main and Distribution Network

Based on the Master Plan already prepared by the CMWSSB action has been taken to
integrate the requirements of the Adjacent and Distant Local Bodies and the network of
transmission mains has been created with this objective in mind. Therefore, it would be
possible for CMWSSB to cover the Adjacent Municipalities and Special Village
Panchayats by drawing from the transmission main network system and creating
appropriate separate distribution for these areas. Under the Phase I programme, extension
of trunk mains from the CMWSSB system already available can be implemented with
additional trunk mains to be established from the proposed desalination plants.

Improvements to Water Distribution System

All the source development interventions would result in increased water availability and
hence warrants a systemic improvement projects in water distribution system in the City.
Consequent to the systemic improvements carried out, the strengthening of the water
distribution system has been improved in 11 zones. It is proposed to take up the
strengthening of the water distribution system in the remaining 5 zones viz. Anna Poonga,
Kilpauk, Triplicane, Southern Head works and K.K. Nagar also and providing valves in all
the 16 zones towards isolation of zones, so that the entire service area would be benefited
in supply eliminating defective streets of piped water supply. The pipelines will be laid to
a total length of about 307 km. The existing distribution stations also needs strengthening
to handle the water requirement of 2026 population. The total estimated cost of these
works is Rs.338.36 crore.

Unaccounted for Water in Left Out Areas

Initial study by the NEERI in the 1970s revealed that leakage losses in the existing system
were in the order of 35% to 40%. Hence, to increase the terminal pressure and to avoid
leakage losses, it was decided to take up the leak detection programme in phases with the
objective of saving water. Out of the 3.40 lakhs House Service Connections in Chennai
city so far renewal and leak detection tests in 2.24 Lakhs House Service Connections have
been completed. It is proposed to take a up further 30,000 House Service Connections
under this project including renewal of corresponding water mains of about 100 Kms.
which are aged and choked. Further works are programmed to be taken up in the coming
years to minimize unaccounted for water.

Rehabilitation of Existing Raw Water Conduits

Three existing masonry conduits, used to draw raw water from Redhills constructed in the
years 1914, 1955 and 1986 are brick masonry arched conduits need complete
rehabilitation. The study carried out by international consultants M/s. Compagnie
Generale des Eaux has examined the condition of these conduits in an extensive way and
have recommended reconstruction of conduits I and III and repairs and rehabilitation of
Conduit-II to transfer 359 MLD of water to Kilpauk Water Treatment Plant. The
proposals envisage construction of 1300 mm x 1300 mm RCC conduit within the existing
Conduit-I and Construction of 1700 mm x 1400 mm RCC conduit within the existing
conduit in Conduit-III at an estimated cost of Rs.44.00 crores.

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CDP Chennai

5.2 Sewerage

5.2.1 Existing System

Chennai City’s sewerage system was designed in 1910 for 1961 population of 6.6 lakhs at
the rate 114 lpcd. as a separate system. The City was divided as north, west and south
independent drainage areas and sewage from each area was collected by relay pumping
and conveyed to the pumping stations at Napier Park, Purasaiwalkam and Royapuram and
finally discharged into the sea at Kasimedu out-fall. Kodungaiyur sewage farm was
developed in 1956 and a portion (27 mld) of the sewage collected at Purasawalkam
pumping station was discharged through force mains to Kodungaiyur farm.

A comprehensive improvement to the city sewerage system was designed in 1958 for an
estimated 1976 population of 25.5 lakhs and 1991 population of 27.2 lakhs at a sewage
flow rate of 110 lpcd in 1976 and 180 mld in 1991.

5.2.2 Sewerage Distribution System

The coverage of the sewerage distribution system is almost 98% in Chennai City. With a
total length of 2,583 Km of sewers comprising of 2,432 Km of gravity mains and 151 Km
of pumping mains, the sewerage system covers about 15,460 streets of the Corporation
covering an area of 174 Sq.Km. Features of the sewerage macro system in Chennai city is
given in the Table 5.10.

Table 5.10: Features of the Sewerage Macro System of Chennai City


Zone Location Type of sewerage system Area of
Length of Length of No. of Length of generation
gravity pumping streets streets
mains mains
km km km sq. km
I Tondiarpet, Washermenpet, 190.59 18.50 1131 206.92 16.61
Royapuram, George Town,
Chintadripet
II Nungambakkam, Chetpet, 907.21 46.00 6395 995.96 64.43
Kilpauk, Egmore,
Purasawakkam, Ayanavaram,
Perambur, Vyasarpadi,
Sembium, Venkatesapuram,
Periyar Nagar, Jawaharlal
Nagger, North Cambium,
Kodungaiyur-Phase I, II,
Kolathur
III T.Nagar, Kodambakkam, 583.24 28.50 3505 586.72 36.46
Arumbakkam, Anna Nagger,
Koyembedu,
Virugambakkam,
Saligramam

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CDP Chennai

Zone Location Type of sewerage system Area of


Length of Length of No. of Length of generation
gravity pumping streets streets
mains mains
km km km sq. km
IV Ashok Nagger, Saidapet, 218.43 19.00 1188 226.33 10.56
Jafferkhanpet, K.K.Nagar,
Nesapakkam
V Ice House, Mylapore, 532.90 39.00 3241 566.02 46.21
Seethammal Colony, Adyar,
Guindy, Velachery, Gandhi
Nagger, Ekkattuthangal,
Guindy Industrial Estate,
Taramani.
Total 2432.37 151.00 15460 2581.95 174.27
Source: CMWSSB

The present sewerage network in Chennai city has covered 98% of its area. Apart from
those zonal systems, other small systems developed by the TNHB in their neighbourhood
scheme areas are also functioning and are connected to the nearest mains. As the capacity
of sewers was limited, during rainy days they became surcharged due to ingress of storm
water. Any surplus of sewage in excess of pumping stations capacity was drained into the
nearby natural water courses of the city viz., Cooum River, Adyar River, Buckingham
canal and Otteri Nullah.

5.2.3 Sewage Treatment Plants

Four STPs with a combined capacity of 481 MLD are currently in operation. The salient
features of the STPs are presented in Table 5.11

Table 5.11: Salient Features of the Sewage Treatment Plants


Zone Location Type Capacity (mld) Land cultivated
(acres)
I Kodungaiyur Activated Sludge Plant 270.00 100.00
II Kodungaiyur Activated Sludge Plant
III Koyembedu Activated Sludge Plant 94.00 45.00
IV Nesapakkam Activated Sludge Plant 63.00 18.00
V Perungudi Activated Sludge Plant 54.00
Total 481.00 163.00
Source: CMWSSB

The capacity of sewage treatment plants is about 87% of the total water supplied and
needs augmentation.

A comprehensive project for sewerage system improvement under the umbrella Chennai
City River Conservation Project (CCRCP) is currently under implementation to cope up
with the increased sewage flow resulting from water supply augmentation schemes under
implementation, and to prevent the overflow of sewage into the city waterways. The
Project, which has been taken up at a cost of Rs. 720.15 crores includes providing
additional sewage interceptors, refurbishing the existing sewer mains and capacity

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CDP Chennai

augmentation of the existing pumping stations and force mains to cope with the flow in the
year 2021. The works of interceptors, pumping mains, gravity mains, pumping stations
and construction of 4 Sewage Treatment Plant units at Perungudi (54 MLD capacity),
Koyambedu (60 MLD capacity), Nesapakkam (40 MLD capacity) and Kodungaiyur (110
mld capacity) have been completed.

5.2.4 Sewerage System in CUA

The majority of the ULBs in the Chennai Urban Agglomeration do not have under ground
sewerage systems. Some Local Bodies like Alandur, Valasaravakkam and Thiruvottiyur
have implemented the sewerage system in their municipal areas; others are in the process
of providing a full-fledged sewerage system. The disposal and treatment is to the nearest
STP, where further capacity augmentation can be taken up in subsequent years.

A comprehensive sewerage system is in existence in (i) Alandur, (ii) Valasaravakkam, (iii)


Thiruvottiyur (50% covered) and (iv) Ambattur (partially covered, adjoining city limits).

In addition project preparation for provision of sewerage system for (i) Pallavaram, (ii)
Tambaram, (iii) Madhavaram, (iv) Kathivakkam, (v) Porur, (vi) Ullagaram
Puzhudhivakkam, (vii) Avadi, (viii) Maduravoyal and (ix) Thiruvottiyur (Rehabilitation
and Extension) is completed and the work on sewerage scheme for Pallavaram has
commenced and is in progress.

The Local Bodies which are not covered presently with the provision of sewerage system
include Ayanambakkam, (ii) Chinnasekkadu, (iii) Manali, (iv) Nandambakkam, (v)
Pallikaranai, (vi) Perungudi, (vii) Kottivakkam, (viii) Nerkundram, (ix) Ramapuram and
(x) St. Thomas Mount Cantonment, (xi) Minjur, (xii) Naravalkuppam, (xiii)
Chitlapakkam, (xiv) Anakaputhur, (xv) Pammal, (xvi) Thiruverkadu, (xvii) Kunrathur,
(xviii) Poonamallee and (xix) Mangadu.

5.2.5 Projects Implemented

Chennai City River Conservation Project

A comprehensive project for sewerage system improvement under the umbrella Chennai
City River Conservation Project (CCRCP) is currently under implementation to cope up
with the increased sewage flow resulting from water supply augmentation schemes under
implementation, and to prevent the overflow of sewage into the city waterways. The
Project has been taken up at a cost of Rs. 720.15 crores includes providing additional
sewage interceptors, refurbishing the existing sewer mains and capacity augmentation of
the existing pumping stations and force mains to cope with the flow in the year 2021. The
works of interceptors, pumping mains, gravity mains, pumping stations and construction
of 4 Sewage Treatment Plant units at Perungudi (54 mld capacity), Koyambedu (60 mld
capacity), Nesapakkam (40 mld capacity) and Kodungaiyur (110 mld capacity) have been
completed.

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CDP Chennai

5.3 Solid Waste Management

Chennai Municipal Corporation and the respective ULBs are the responsible agency for
solid waste management in their jurisdiction. According to Census 2001, the population of
the City was 43.43 lakhs and the average per capita solid waste generated with in the City
is estimated to be about 782 grams. It has been estimated that 3400 tonnes of solid waste is
generated daily and in addition Chennai Corporation also handles about 500 tonnes of
debris.

Waste Generation

A detailed "Municipal Solid Waste Management Study for Madras Metropolitan Area"
with World Bank assistance during the year 1996 covered all aspects of solid waste
management (existing situation and also the future requirements) and has identified the
sources of generation as presented in Table 5.12.

Table 5.12: Sources of Solid Waste Generation


Sl. No Waste generation % to total
1 Residence 68
2 Commercial 14
3 Restaurants / Hotels/ Kalyanamandapams / Schools and others 11
5 Markets 4
6 Hospitals and Clinics (collected separately) 3
Total 100
Source: M/S ERM, UK 1996

The composition and characteristics of solid waste is given in Table 5.13 and 5.14.

Table 5.13: Composition of Waste


Sl. No Composition % to total by weight
1 Paper 4.45%
2 Rags 4.59%
3 Organic Matter 59.06%
4 Plastics 2.23%
5 Metals 0.04%
6 Rubber 0.77%
7 Inert 26.69%
8 Glass 0.27%
9 Leather 0.33%
10 Wood 0.24%
11 Miscellaneous 1.33%
Source: M/S ERM, UK 1996

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CDP Chennai

Table 5.14: Chemical Analysis of Solid Waste


Sl. No Items % Value
1 Moisture content 27.61%
2 Ph Value 7.68%
3 Organic contents 39.06%
4 Carbon 21.53%
5 Nitrogen content 0.73%
6 Phospherous as P2O3 0.65%
7 Potassium as K2O 0.63%
8 C / N Ratio 31.01
9 Calorific Value in Kj/kg 4595
Source: Mr.Ganesan & Dhanapal, 1990

From the above it is seen that Chennai Municipal Solid Waste contains high moisture
content, small percentage of recyclable materials and more of compostable (organic
matter) and inert materials. These characteristics show the low potential for applying
refuse derived fuel and waste to energy (i.e. incineration) processing option due to the low
combustibles, high moisture and high inert contents of the wastes. They also indicate high
potential for composting of solid wastes.

Collection & Transportation

The Municipal Corporation and some NGOs are assisting communities to collect solid
waste through Community Based arrangement in some areas of the City which are
transferred to the dumper placers for further collection. The Municipal Corporation
provides street sweepings and scientific collection through out the City. The Municipal
Corporation has privatized about one-third of the collection and transfer to disposal sites in
three zones to a private organization mounting to 1,000 tones per day.

In Chennai Metropolitan area small, medium and large enterprises (secondary raw
material) are involved in the recycling industry. They get the supplies from dealers who
specialize in waste papers, glass, plastic, metals and other reusable material and are in turn
supported by vast network of dealers and small traders. Rag pickers, including those at the
landfill site, transfer stations and street level, together with itinerant buyers who collect,
separate materials from door to door, provide dealers with regular supply of waste. It has
been estimated that they recover about 400 tones per day of these material.

At present the Chennai Corporation and ONYX are the two agencies are the responsible
for entire solid waste collection and transportation. As per the corporation the collection
efficiency is around 95% in the city and Door to Door collection reached up to 95% of the
city area. Some salient future is shown in Table 5.15.

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CDP Chennai

Table 5.15: Chemical Analysis of Solid Waste


Sl. No Items % Value
Chennai Municipal Corporation
1 Solid Waste Generation 3,400.00 T
2 Collection Efficiency 95%
3 Door to Door Collection 95%
4 Waste Separation 10%
5 No of Try Cycles 1,684
6 Conservancy Staff 10,130
7 Number of Dust Bins 1,480
Vehicles
8 HMV Capacity 12 Cumt 191
9 LMV Capacity 5 Cumt 120
10 DLDP 8
11 JCB Roller 15
12 Roll on -Roll off Tippers 10
13 Transfer Stations 6
Dumping Yards
14 Kodungaiyur 182 Ha.
15 Perungudi 142 Ha.
ONYX
1 Total Waste Collection 1,180 T
2 Number of Bins 5,500
3 Compactor Vehicles 17
4 Other Vehicles 32
5 Autos 117
6 Mechanical Sweepers 2
7 Transfer Stations 2

Disposal

Solid Waste is taken to the transfer stations and is finally disposed off at two designated
disposal sites viz. Kodungaiyur located at Northern part of City and Perungudi in the
south. The extent of the Kodungaiyur landfill site is 182 hectares and the Perungudi land
site is 142 hectares. About 45% of the total solid waste generated is disposed at
Kodungaiyur site and the remaining at Perungudi site. Within the Chennai Corporation
there is a well established repair and maintenance system for vehicles.

Chennai Corporation has taken action to modernize 7 transfer stations and machinery and
also to improve basic infrastructure facilities at the landfill sites. It has also taken action to
execute the project of making manure from solid waste on Design-Build-Operate- and-
Transfer basis. It has employed M/s National Productivity Council for preparation of a
detailed report on the modernization of the Perungudi and Kodungaiyur Solid Waste
Disposal sites and they have submitted their report, which is under consideration of the
Corporation of Chennai. As a small scale measure, at Ward Level in 115 places, facilities
have been created for making manure from community waste and the Corporation for the
parks uses the manure.

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CDP Chennai

Bio – Methanation Plant

A bio – methanation plant was been planned and implemented with the assistance of
Government of India, Ministry of Non Conventional Energy Sources (67%) and from
CMDA share (33%). The project is to generate electricity from vegetable waste at
Koyambedu Wholesale Market Complex (KWMC) to dispose of 100 tons of organic waste
at a total cost of Rs.5.07 Crores. The project would generate electricity to the tune of 230
kw per day and compost of 10 tones per day.

Future Trends in Waste Generation

The ERM Study conducted in 1996 estimated that the per capita waste requiring disposal
in respect of Chennai City and municipalities was 0.782 gm, in town panchayats, 0.439 gm
and 0.293 gm per capita per day in ULBs and panchayat unions respectively. Accordingly,
the solid waste which would be generated in Chennai City, Municipalities and other local
bodies within CMA in 2021 is as follows. The future garbage generation trends are
presented in Table 5.16

Table 5.16: Future Garbage Generation Trends


Administrative Areas Future Generation in 2021 (Tonnes)
Chennai City 4332
Municipalities 1326
Special Village Panchayats 277
Village Panchayats 469
Total CMA 6403
Source: CMA

Land Requirement

In respect of Municipalities, most of them do not have any Transfer Stations and they
directly dispose off the waste collected in the dump sites available within the local bodies.
In most of the Village Panchayat areas the system of Solid Waste Collection and disposal
is very limited. In respect of the Municipalities within CMA availability of land for
disposal presently and requirement of land as per the estimates of the local bodies by 2005
are given in the Table 5.17

Table 5.17: Land Requirement for Land Fill Sites


Sl. No. Municipality Available land Estimated requirement
(Acre) (Acre)
1. Alandur 32.00 20
2. Pallavaram 31.00 20
3. Tambaram 36.25 19
4. Ambattur 18.00 42
5. Avadi 8.50 32
6. Kathivakkam 0 5
7. Thiruvotriyur 12.00 30
8. Madhavaram 3.66 11
9. Anakaputhur 0 5
10. Puzhithivakkam 2.00 4

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CDP Chennai

Sl. No. Municipality Available land Estimated requirement


(Acre) (Acre)
11. Maduravoyal 5.00 6
12. Manali 5.00 4
13. Poonamallee 1.33 6
14. Thiruverkkadu 0 4
15. Valasaravakkam 0 4
16 Pammal 0 0
Total 154.74 212
Source: CMA

All the municipal areas have identified disposal sites for scientific disposal of solid waste.
A common land of extent 50 Acres has been purchased for Alandur, Pallavaram and
Tambaram Municipalities at a cost of Rs.113.28 crore at Venkatamangalam village for
developing the same as a modernized compost yard bringing the segregated wastes for the
purpose. In addition, Tambaram Municipality has identified an extent of about 55 Acres at
Nallur village in Sriperumbudur Taluk and 25 Acres in Punchai-Pothivakkam village,
Chengalpattu Taluk. In respect of Ambattur Municipality 30 acres of land at Vengal
village has been identified. For Kathivakkam Municipality, a site of an extent 5.5 Acre has
been identified at Manali Village. Thiruvottiyur and Kathivakkam Municipalities are
presently using the common disposal site of an extent 12 Acres at Sathangadu and
Thiruvotriyur Municipality has taken action to alienate about 10 Acres from the sewage
treatment plant site. Madhavaram Municipality has identified a site of an extent 4.70
Acres at Vadaperumbakkam and 4.93 Acres at Manali and taken action to acquire the
same. Pammal Municipality has obtained 2.00 Acres of land for this purpose.
Thiruverkadu Municipality has taken action to get 10.20 Acres of poromboke land at
Koladi Village for this purpose. Valasarawakkam Municipality has also taken action to
acquire lands.

E-Waste

Chennai Metropolis is one of the major destinations for I.T Industries and I.T Enabled
Services. e-Waste generated by these industries is estimated to be considerable and
disposal of the same in an environmentally acceptable manner requires attention. In the
years to come these wastes generated by the I.T Industries will multiply and may pose
environmental problems if not disposed scientifically in an acceptable manner.

5.4 Storm Water Drainage System in CMA

CMA is traversed by three major rivers namely Kosasthalaiyar River, Cooum River and
Adyar River. Sholavaram Tank, Red Hills Tank and Chembarambakkam Tank are the
major tanks in the CMA. Sholavaram Tank is the secondary storage tank receiving water
from the Poondi Reservoir via Poondi Feeder Canal to supply Red Hills Tank. Red Hills
Tank is the main source of water supply to the Chennai City and during storm events water
is released to Red Hills Surplus Channel, which enters the Kosasthalaiyar River and
discharges into the Sea. Its maximum storage capacity is 3285 Mft3 (93 Mm3).
Chembarambakkam Tank has recently been developed as one of the sources for water
supply to Chennai City and has maximum storage capacity of 103 Mft3.

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CDP Chennai

Kesavaram Anicut and regulator which


are located in the uppermost catchment
of the Poondi reservoir controls the
discharge from upper catchment entering
Poondi reservoir. Korattur Anicut and
regulator control the discharge in the
Cooum and direct the flow to the
Chembarambakkam reservoir.
Tamarapakkam Anicut located across
Kosasthalaiyar River in the downstream
of Poondi reservoir controls excess
discharge in the Kosasthalaiyar. Vallur Tamarapakkam Anicut
Anicut is a small check dam constructed
near Minjur across the Kosasthalaiyar River to control water levels and feed irrigation
channels in the area.

CMA also has a network of lakes, canals and channels within its boundary. There are
about 320 numbers of tanks /lakes that are earlier used as water source for irrigation and
now serve as flood accommodators. Apart from these lakes there are a large number of
ponds in CMA.

Buckingham Canal traverses through


CMA for a length of 40 Km. It runs in
the North South direction and connects
all the major three rivers in CMA and
acts as flood accommodator. Otteri
Nullah is a channel to accommodate
flood, which originates from a place
called Otteri near Padi, flows through the
city at Anna Nagar, Kilpauk,
Purasawalkam, and Perambur and joins
Buckingham Canal near Basin Bridge.
Virugambakkam-Arumbakkam Drain Buckingham Canal
originates near Oragadam passes through
Virugambakkam-Arumbakkam area of the city and joins into Cooum River. Mambalam
Drain is also a flood accommodator, which originates from Mambalam area passes
through T.Nagar, Nandanam and joins Adyar River. Captain Cotton Canal originates from
the Vyasarpadi area of the city and joins Buckingham Canal near Tondiarpet. Velachery
Drain is a flood accommodator originates from Velachery tank and joins Pallikkaranai
Swamp. The agencies responsible for management of storm water drainage in CMA are
presented in Table 5.18.

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CDP Chennai

Table 5.18: Agencies responsible for Management of Storm Water.


Agency Responsibility
Chennai Metropolitan Development Project Packaging and Management Monitoring
Authority (CMDA) and co-ordination
Public Works Department (PWD) Plan, Design and Implementation of Macro
Drainage Works
Chennai Municipal Corporation (CMC) Plan, Design and Implementation of Micro
Drainage Works
Tamil Nadu Slum Clearance Board Formulation and Implementation of
TNSCB Rehabilitation and Resettlement Package

Waterways in CMA

The length of the major waterways passing through the City and their total length in CMA
is given in Table 5.19 and are presented in Map 5.3

Table 5.19: Length of Major Waterways in CMA


Waterway City CMA
Length in Km
River Cooum 18.0 40.0
River Adyar 15.0 24.0
North Buckingham Canal 7.1 17.1
Central Buckingham Canal 7.2 7.2
South Buckingham Canal 4.2 16.1
Otteri Nullah 10.2 10.2
Captain Cotton Canal 2.9 4.0
Kosasthalaiyar - 16.0
Mambalam Drain 9.4 9.4
Kodungaiyur Drain 6.9 6.9
Virugambakkam-Arumbakkam Drain 6.9 6.9
Total Length 23.2 157.8
Source: CMDA

MMFR / SWD Master Plan Study

CMDA had engaged the services of the consultant M/s Mott MacDonald International,
UK, to conduct the study titled 'Madras Metro Flood Relief/Storm Water Drainage Master
Plan Study ' in 1992-93. The main objective of the study was to bring together the
previous studies carried to assess the problem of flooding in Chennai and to identify using
modern hydrological and hydraulic modeling techniques/measures to alleviate flooding in
the North of the City.

The study area comprised of two parts, (1) 90 sq.km strip north of the river Cooum and (2)
30 sq.km area south of the City named as Pallikkaranai. Both the macro drainage systems
and the micro drainage system had been examined. The range of options examined
included upstream storage (to be implemented under Krishna Water supply scheme),
diversion of flood flows into tanks, canals, channel resection, structural improvements
(including outfalls), provision of short cut canal between the Buckingham and the Sea,
formalization of flood path and provision of flood defaces (walls, banks, etc.).

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CDP Chennai

Map 5.3: Waterways in Chennai Metropolitan Region

46
CDP Chennai

Schemes have been outlined for the Cooum, the Kosasthalaiyar, the Red Hills Surplus
Channel, the Buckingham Canal, the Otteri Nullah and the Captain Cotton Canal.
Protection has been proposed on the Kosasthalaiyar on the south bank only, and a
controlled floodway is proposed for the north bank upstream of Minjur.

For the urban storm water (micro) system, existing coverage of drainage provision within
the study area boundary was found to be 50%. However the drainage system was
generally found to be in a poor state, with many blockages due to solid waste and services
(water pipes, cables etc.) and repairs needed. The principal interventions envisaged are the
repairs/rehabilitation of existing systems and improved maintenance. The Master Plan
comprised of the following components:

• Structural works for major flood alleviation and for rehabilitation of the urban storm
water system
• Non-structural measures required to support these investments;
• Capacity building, with particular emphasis on system maintenance and master plan
implementation;
• Further studies required to progress the plan;
• Monitoring and evaluation requirements.

Non-structural measures recommendations include:

• Designated floodways on the North side of the Kosasthalaiyar with associated


planning controls and flood warning/evacuation procedures
• Design guidelines for drainage systems
• Planning and regulatory controls to prevent development in old tank beds unless
adequate flood defense measures are in place
• Planning and regulatory controls to prevent encroachment of squatter settlements in
old tank beds and watercourses
• Provision of good facilities (vehicles, communications) for flood emergency
management
• Public education (e.g. to prevent solid waste dumping in urban drains)
• Flood risk mapping

Drainage study for Pallikkaranai

A separate study for Pallikkaranai area was carried out with the aim to provide protection
to an area about 30 Sq.km. lying in and around Pallikkaranai from flooding as the swamp
receives run-off from a catchment area of 235 Sq.kms. The study proposed diversion of
substantial portion of run off from upstream catchments along a cut off drain linking the
existing surplus channel close to a village called Karanai with the Kovalam Backwaters.
Northern boundaries of Pallikkaranai Drainage Area cuts off the centre of the existing
swamp area at Pallikkaranai. The area to the north will continue to be subject to
inundation as run off enters the area from North and West. East West Flood Protection
Bund protects this side of PDA. In order to provide internal drainage to the PDA two
pumping stations have to be located in the East-West Flood Protection Bund to lift the
water over the Bund. A balancing pond is also to be located near the pumping station.
However, protection to the area is to be provided by three interceptor drains, which carry
overland flows from local catchment around the boundary of the PDA. An arterial drain

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CDP Chennai

has to be constructed along the centre of the PDA, which will pick up drainage flows
within the area. of the proposal are given in the sheets annexed.

Tertiary Drainage System

At present the total length of storm water drains are 769 km in Chennai Corporation area.
The tertiary system is available for the entire major arterial road network. In the case of
the municipalities and other ULBs in CMA, the network coverage is poor.

The Storm Water Drainage Master Plan for the Madras city and Pre feasibility Study for
the Madras Metropolitan Area prepared in 1994 provides for possible interventions to
improve the functioning of the micro drainage system in Chennai city. For the urban storm
water (micro system) existing system of drainage coverage within the study area is found
to be 50% with additional areas draining overland in to the urban drainage network. The
drainage system was generally found to be in a poor state, with many blockages due to
solid waste and municipal waste and services (water pipes, cables, etc.) and repairs
needed. The principal intervention is thus require repairs /resection of the existing system
and improved maintenance which is seriously under funded. Capital works includes new
works includes area of drainage in particular at Arumbakkam-Virugambakkam along with
some investment in new drain or drain enlargement within the existing system and
investment of new outfall facilities.

Outside the City, there are currently few drainage facilities provided by the primary and
secondary network of rivers and surplus channels. Improvements to this drainage network
will be essential if development is to proceed within the CMA at the pace envisaged. A
number of strategic initiatives had been identified for the development of CMA including
flood banks on the South side of the Kosasthalaiyar, improvements to the
Ambattur/Korattur/Madhavaram surplus channel system and improvements to drainage
works in the Pallikkaranai area.

In addition to this specific proposal there is a need to develop a strategic planning policy
within CMA, which would focus on some of the important requirements for the continued
functioning of the drainage system as development advances. These might include
retention of tanks as open space, provision of river corridor, prevention of encroachment
in tanks, the definition of secondary drainage system and development of tertiary and
quaternary system and links between these and secondary/primary system.

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CDP Chennai

CHAPTER VI – ENVIRONMENT AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT

6.1 Overview

The metropolitan environment comprises of mainly two components viz. (i) environment
per se, and (ii) the habitat. The environment per se relates to natural features and
resources including the air, noise, water and land (open spaces, forests etc.). The habitat is
related to built environment and infrastructures such as water supply, sewerage, and solid
waste disposal. The conservation of natural resources includes management of air, noise,
water & land.

6.2 Air Pollution

Under the Air (Preservation & Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 and in the Environment
(Protection) Act 1986, the National Standards for ambient air quality have been notified.

TNPCB in its Environment Management plan for Chennai city, 2003 has identified that
the major pollutants generated in the city are particulate matter, sulphur dioxide, oxides of
nitrogen, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulphide, and ammonia gas. The major sources of
air pollution are domestic (fuels for cooking), commercial (fuel consumed by commercial
establishments, trade, industry, hotels etc.), industrial (due to wood, coke, furnace oil LPG,
kerosene etc.) vehicular (petrol & diesel fuels), generator sets (diesel and kerosene fuels),
natural sources (odour pollution due to gases emanated from polluted stretches, waterways
– ‘B' Canal, Adyar, Cooum). The TNPCB estimation of the pollution load in different
sectors in Chennai City is given in Table 6.1.

Table 6.1: Pollution load from different sectors in Chennai City


Sources Pollutant (T/day)
SPM SO2 NO2 HC CO Total Percentage
Domestic 0.032 0.170 1.049 0.101 0.243 1.865 2.65%
Commercial 0.875 1.466 0.731 0.120 0.087 3.279 4.66%
Gen Sets 0.296 0.509 0.268 0.039 0.026 1.138 1.61%
Industrial 2.510 4.565 6.085 0.3119 0.4320 13.9039 19.78%
Vehicular 9.3 0.20 10.25 10.24 20.10 50.09 71.28%
Total (T/d) 13.28 6.91 18.38 10.81 20.88 70.26 100
Source: TNPCB

The major contribution to Chennai air pollution load is vehicular sector (71.28%) followed
by industrial sector (19.70%). TNPCB has mapped the air pollution impact areas and
listed the impact areas are presented in Table 6.2:

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CDP Chennai

Table 6.2: Pollution load from different sectors in Chennai City


Impact Areas Areas
Impact Area I (high) T. Nagar, Part of Saidapet, Choolaimedu, Vadapalani,
Royapettah, Egmore, Part of Adyar, Tenampet, some part of
Tondiarpet, Koyambedu, Purasawalkam, Mandaveli, Mylapore,
George Town
Impact Area II (medium) Korattur, Anna Nagar, Velachery
Impact Area III (low) Other than above areas
Source: TNPCB

6.3 Water Pollution

Chennai is traversed by three rivers (viz. Kosasthalaiyar, Cooum and Adyar), B' canal and
other natural and man-made canals & drains. The waterways of Chennai are not perennial
in nature and receive flood discharge only during monsoon season; in the rest of the year it
acts as a carrier of wastewater from sewage treatment plants and others. The TNPCB
monitors, the discharge of sewage and trade effluents generated by local bodies and
industries into the water bodies / waterways. The basin-wise sewage generation during the
year 2000 is given in the Table 6.3. Chennai Major Water Bodies are represented in Map
6.1:

Table 6.3: Waterways Basin wise Sewerage Generation (Year 2000)


Sl. No. Waterways Basin Drainage Area Sewerage
Generation
(Sq.km) (MLD)
1 Adyar River 12 87
2 Cooum River 20 92
3 Buckingham Canal
North Buckingham canal Central 10 83
Buckingham canal 5 46
South Buckingham canal 2 29
4 Captain Cotton Canal 10 47
5 Otteri Nullah 24 129
6 Mambalam Drain 6 19
Total 89 532
Source: TNPCB

The study conducted by M/s Wardrop Engineering Inc. 1995 revealed that the waterways
in Chennai convey treated and untreated sewage and receive debris and solid waste also
though they were originally natural flood discharge channels. The addition of untreated
liquid waste had lead to a very high level of pollutants and the disposal of the solid and the
encroachment of slums had severely reduced flows particularly during Monsoon periods.

However, the recent data collected by TNPCB, has shown that certain industries have
plugged their outfalls and provided effluent treatment plants (ETP) and are recycling the
waste water.

TNPCB under the MINARS programme periodically monitors the water quality of the city
waterways. Water samples are collected and analysed by TNPCB every month at ‘B'canal

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CDP Chennai

(at north, central and south stretches), Otteri Nallah, Adyar River and Cooum River.
According to PCB, all these water bodies in the city are polluted and not suitable for any
designated uses (viz. drinking, bathing, propagation of wild life like animal husbandry &
fisheries, industrial, cooking and washing and agriculture); level of contamination is
relatively high in ‘B' canal followed by Otteri Nullah and Cooum River. The nature of out
fall is presented in Table 6.4.

Table 6.4: Wastewater Outfall Details


Waterway Nature of Outfall
Sewage Storm water Industrial Others Total
River Cooum 109 6 1 - 116
Adyar River 58 23 - - 81
Otteri Nullah 42 4 1 - 47
South 'B' Canal 26 1 - - 27
Central 'B' Canal 30 - - 1 31
North 'B' Canal 58 5 3 1 67
Redhills Surplus Channel - - 4 - 4
Mambalam Drain 14 8 - 1 23
Captain Cotton Canal 13 - - - 13
Kodungaiyur new Drain 2 - - - 2
Ambattur Surplus Tank 5 - 5 2 12
Total 357 47 14 5 423

The study on environmental improvement of watercourses in Greater Madras


recommended for extension of sewerage system to unsewered areas and use of low cost
sanitation wherever appropriate, purchase of jetting equipment and replacement of smaller
pumps with submersible pumps, extension of storm water drainage system, resolution of
interconnections between sewers and storm water drains, short term improvements at
sewage works, extension and long term improvements at sewage works, equipment to
clean storm water drains, equipment for street cleaning, sanitary waste disposal, dredging
and grading of river Cooum, completion of river Adyar flood protection scheme,
desludging of Buckingham Canal, North Ennore lock to the river Cooum, filling up of
central portion of the Buckingham Canal between the rivers Cooum and Adyar,
desludging of Buckingham Canal between the River Adyar and the City limit, pumping of
Otteri Nullah for treatment, dredging and regrading of Otteri Nullah and construction of
the groyne to improve the Cooum outfall to the sea, if needed.

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CDP Chennai

Map 6.1: Chennai Major water Bodies

52
CDP Chennai

Chennai Waterway Conservation Programme

The sludge disposal consultancy study conducted in 1994 by the consultant M/s MMI has
revealed that contamination of water ways and anaerobic digestion of waste water flowing
in the water ways had led to the accumulation of sludge causing hindrance to the hydraulic
functioning of the water ways and also causing contamination of water ways in the eco
system. The following are the estimates of the sludge accumulation in Chennai waterways
is presented in Table 6.5.

Table 6.5: Estimates of Sludge Accumulated in Inner Chennai Waterways


Waterways Leng Typical width in Characteristi Sludge volume in 'ooo m
th in dry season (m) cs
Km Water Total Dura Acces Hydraulic Envtl.* Both
bility s nuisance Nuisance
Cooum 18.00 23-40 45-120 D O 1210 350-750 1280
Adyar 15.00 15-200 90-500 E,P O,O* 1880 340-200 1960
North B' Canal 7.10 15 20 D/E,P O/N 150 40-100 200
Central 'B' Canal 7.20 5 20 E O 200 30-50 200
South 'B' Canal 4.40 9 15 D,P C 10 20-50 20
Otteri Nullah 10.20 4-5 7-20 E/D O/C 100 30-60 110
Captain Cotton 2.90 5-40 25-45 E,P C 20 40-60 50
Total 64.80 3570 840-250 3820
Source: M/s MMI, Sludge Disposal Consultancy, 1994

Accordingly the Chennai City River Conservation Project (CCRCP) was conceived and
CMWSSB had implemented a project at a cost of Rs. 720.15 Crores for prevention of
sewage flow into waterways, treatment of sewage, construction of interceptor sewers and
enhancement of pumping station capacity which as approved by the National River
Conservation Directorate (NRCD), Government of India.

Ground Water

Chennai is underlain by various geological formations from ancient Archaeans to recent


Alluviums. It can be grouped into three viz. (i) Archaean Crystalline Metamorphic rocks
(ii) Upper Gondwanas comprised of sandstones, siltstones and shoals, tertiary (Eocene to
Pliocene) sandstones and (iii) coastal and river Alluvium. The agencies have observed that
the chemical quality of ground water in Chennai City is generally brackish and not suitable
for drinking purposes. In general it is alkaline with pH value from 7.8 to 9.0 and many
pockets have high chloride and sulphate; very few selected pockets have potable quality at
Besant Nagar, Greenways Road, Nungambakkam, Kilpauk etc. and also good fresh water
aquifer is found in the stretch between Thiruvanmiyur and Uthandi along the coast. In
areas like K.K. Nagar, Ashok Nagar, Sastri Nagar, Mylapore,Anna Nagar etc. excess iron
has been found resulting in reddish colour of water, chocking pipes with yellowish -
brown precipitate and also disagreeable taste. The quality changes due to seawater
intrusion in the past are evident in Triplicane, Mandaveli and other areas along the coast.
Mandatory provision of rainwater structures within the city has improved the recharging
potential for the ground water and also the water quality and Ground Water table in the
recent past.

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CDP Chennai

Bio-Medical Waste

Bio-Medical wastes have become potentially hazardous because of its potential for
infection, and also for its ingredients including antibiotics, cytotoxic drugs, corrosive
chemicals and radioactive substances. TNPCB has estimated that in-patient hospital
serves in Chennai generate about 1 to 2 kg of solid waster per person per day, and Chennai
city has a bed strength of about 20,000 and the bio-medical waste generate per day is
about 5000 kg. The hospital authorities themselves usually incinerate the infectious
wastes and some of the major hospitals have double chamber incinerators. TNPCB has
recently identified a site for location of common treatment and disposal of bio-medical
wastes at Thenmelpakkam village to serve Chennai city and the adjoining Kancheepuram
& Thiruvallur districts.

Hazardous Industrial Wastes

The hazardous wastes generated from the industries such as electroplating, chemical,
petrochemical, service stations, textile processing and engineering type of industries are
stored in the industries premises safely, recycled where possible and disposed at sites
recommended by the TNPCB. Recently site at Melakottaiyur in the adjoining district has
been identified for common treatment and disposal, to serve Chennai City and the
adjoining Kancheepuram and Thiruvallur districts.

In the recent past, one of the major level pollution problem identified is the one due to the
non-degradable plastic wastes. The preventive, promotional and mitigative aspects
considered to tackle this problem taken by the authorities concerned includes, source
segregation of municipal wastes, raising consumer and public awareness, specifying
plastics suitable for recycling, penalties for littering, specifying minimum thickness of
plastic carry bags.

6.4 Noise Pollution:

The Noise level survey conducted by the TNPCB reveals that noise level exceeded the
limits mostly in commercial areas, mainly due to vehicular movement. During festive
seasons in Chennai, the noise levels were noted high and particularly during Diwali it
exceeded 120 dB (A).

6.5 Coastal Zone

The coastal line of Bay of Bengal in the east throughout its length bound Chennai
Metropolis. In CMA, developments in the coastal stretches are regulated as per the CRZ
Management plan approved by the Government of India on 27.9.1996 and the CRZ
regulations notified by the Government of India under the Environment (Protection))
Act.1986.

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CDP Chennai

6.6 Green Areas

Chennai city has only about 2% of the area as declared parks. In Chennai Metropolitan
Area, the declared forest cover is about 24 sq. kms, which is about 2 percent of the CMA
area. However, satellite imageries show that green cover over the city due to trees along
roadside and within the sites is of considerable extent. There is ample scope for further
development of this green cover within the city and also in the rest of CMA, particularly
along roads drains, riverbanks etc. Increase in green cover in urban habitats becomes a
necessity not only to alleviate the problems of pollution, but also to ensure ecological
stability.

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CDP Chennai

CHAPTER VII – TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION

The need to take an integrated long term view of transport needs of CMA and to plan road
development, public transport services and suburban rail transport as a part of the urban
planning process have been well recognized as essential for the efficient functioning of the
urban system.

Many studies have been done in the past for development of transportation in CMA.
These include Madras Area Transport study (MATS - 1968), Integrated Transport Plan
(1977), Madras Route Rationalization study (1986), Traffic and Transportation study for
MMA, Comprehensive Traffic and Transportation Study (CTTS 1992-95). Based on the
recommendations of these studies several major projects such as formation of Inner Ring
Road, addition of buses, improvements to Metropolitan Transport Corporation (MTC)
infrastructure, Mass Rapid Transit system (MRTS) etc have been taken up for
implementation. However, these efforts have not kept pace with the increase in travel
demand.

7.1 The Existing Situation

The traffic and transportation schemes


are presently implemented by several
departments and agencies. While long-
term planning and coordination is carried
out by CMDA, individual schemes are
executed by Railways, DHRW, CC,
MTC; traffic enforcement by Traffic
Police. The total length of road network
in Chennai city is 2,780 km.

While the urban rail network MRTS at Mylapore Station


development is carried out by the
Southern Railway, the major arterial & sub-arterial road corridors and other roads are
developed and maintained by Highways Department and the local bodies concerned
respectively. The roads within the local body areas are improved and maintained by the
Directorate of Municipal Administration, Directorate of Town Panchayats and Directorate
of Rural Development through the local bodies concerned. As for the traffic management
and enforcement are concerned, the same is looked after by the City Traffic Police in
respect of Greater Chennai Area and District Police for the rest of the CMA. The public
bus transport is currently vested with Metropolitan Transport Corporation (MTC).

There are a number of committees to coordinate the implementation of transport schemes


in the CMA. They are:

• High Level Coordination Committee for MRTS (Chaired by Vice-Chairman, CMDA)


for coordinating implementation of MRTS Phase-I&II

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CDP Chennai

• Chennai Road Safety Council (Chaired by Commissioner of Police) for traffic


enforcement
• Coordination Committee (Chaired by Superintending Engineer, Chennai Corporation)
• Indian Transport Road Development Association (Chaired by Rane Power Steering
Ltd.).

Besides these agencies, there are agencies, which are concerned with licensing of vehicles
and policy making such as Regional Transport Office etc.

7.1.1 Road Network

The road network of Chennai is dominated


by a radial pattern converging at George
Town, which is the main Central Business
District (CBD) of the CMA. The road
network is primarily based on the four
National Highways, leading to Calcutta
(NH5), Bangalore (NH4), Thiruvallur (NH
205) and Trichy (NH 45). In addition to
these, Arcot Road, Kamarajar Salai,
Thiruvottiyur High Road, Old
Mahabalipuram Road and East Coast Road Arcot Road
are the other important radial roads in CMA.
Map 7.1 shows the aerial road and hierarchy
of road network in Chennai Metropolitan Region

Rail Network

The commuter rail system in CMA operated by the Southern Railways consists of 3 lines:

• Chennai Beach - Tambaram BG line running south-west


• Chennai Central - Thiruvallur B.G.line running west and
• Chennai Central - Gummidipoondi BG line running north

These lines radiate from the city-centre. These 3 lines together account for 300,000
commuter trips per day. While the first two corridors carry intercity passengers on
separate dedicated lines, the third corridor carries both commuters and intercity passengers
on the same lines.

In addition, the Phase 1 & Phase 2 of MRTS are currently in operation traversing a length
of more than 15 km covering the residential and IT corridor on the south eastern side of
the city.

7.1.2 Bus Transport

The bus transport is being operated by Metropolitan Transport Corporation (MTC), which
had a fleet strength of 2,773 buses in 2004. They operate 537 routes and carry 36 lakhs
trips/day.

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CDP Chennai

There is acute overcrowding in buses during peak hours. The overloading is as high as
150% in certain routes as the supply is inadequate. As a result, overcrowding at the bus
stops and spillover on the carriageways has become common. The waiting time at the bus
stops has also increased.

7.1.3 Goods Transport

The number of goods vehicles in Chennai has increased from 6,671 in 1980 to 32629 in
2005. According to a study by MMDA (1985) the main items of movement are
manufactured goods (15.5%), building materials (9.9%), industrial raw materials (9.2%),
perishables (9.1%) and parcels (8.5%). CMDA had taken steps to shift some of the
wholesale markets and create truck terminals on the periphery of the City. Of these
Sattangadu steel market, Koyambedu perishables market and Madavaram truck terminal
have been made operational.

7.1.4 Seaports

The Chennai Port Trust (CPT) located in


the CBD handled 33.69 million tonnes in
2002-2003. Of the total import and
export the foreign traffic handled
accounts for 93% and the coastal traffic
7% for the year 2002-2003. While
mineral oils and other POL account for
41% of the imports, iron-ore accounts for
56% of the exports in 2002-2003. CPT
handled container traffic to the tune of
424,665 TEUs in 2002-2003, which is
23.3% more than that handled in the Chennai Port
previous year.

The Ennore Port Limited (EPL), developed as a satellite port to CPT, is the 12th major
port in India and the first corporate port in India and presently handles around 10m tonnes
of thermal coal per annum.

7.1.5 Airport

Chennai has a national air terminal viz. Kamarajar Domestic Terminal and an international
terminal viz. Anna International Terminal located at Meenambakkam. Totally 20
international flights per day are operated from Chennai. While the growth of international
traffic is 5%, that of the national air traffic is 7%. The AAI imports 44,000 to 51,000
tonnes of cargo per year and exports 63,000 to 68,000 tonnes per year. While the growth
of international passenger movement is 17.8% for the period 1997-98 to 2003-2004, the
growth of passenger traffic within the country is 42.5%. Similarly the growth of
international cargo movement is 93% for the same period and that within the country is
167%. The Indian Airlines operate daily 140 flights, which result in 12,500 trips.

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CDP Chennai

7.2 Vehicle and person trips in CMA

Figure 7.1: Vehicle Pop in Chennai City


The total number of motor vehicles in 1. Vehicle Population in Chennai City (as
CMA has increased from 144,282 in 1984 on 1.1.2005)
to 1,674,185 in 2005. The vehicle
Car/Jeep 1800000

population has grown at the rate of 50% per 1600000


1400000

Vehicles ( in nos.)
annum during this period. The number of T/W
1200000
1000000

two-wheelers has grown enormously from 800000


600000

87,000 in 1984 to 1,266,114 in 2005, at the


400000
Total 200000

rate of about 65% per annum. Two-


0
1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005

wheelers constitute 76% of the total vehicle


Year

population (67% in Delhi, 41.5% in


Mumbai and 43% in Calcutta). The number of motorcars has also increased significantly.
Vehicle population in Chennai city is illustrated in Figure: 7.1

Figure 7.2: Distribution of Vehicle type


3 . Dis trib ut io n o f Vehicles b y Typ e - 1 9 9 2
Bus Truck 2. Distribution of Vehicles by T ype - 1984
Other
Car 1% 0% 4% A/R Ot her
Bus
Bus Car 1% Tr uck
21% 3% 0% 10%
A/ R Bus
Truck 24% 4%
Truck
A/ R
A/ R
TW
TW
Car
TW Car
Ot her TW
71% 61%
Ot her

4. Distribution of Vehicles by T ype -


2005
Tr uck
Ot her
Bus 2%
Car 1% Bus
0% A/ R
19% Truck
3%
A/ R
TW
Car
TW
Ot her
75%

According to the CTTS (1992-95), the per capita trip rate is 1.30 per day and the trip rate
per household is 5.88 per day. On a typical weekday, the residents of the metropolitan
area perform about 7.45 million trips by a variety of travel modes for various purposes.
The pie diagram of distribution of vehicle type (year wise) is shown in Figure: 7.2.

In a group of 100, 38 travels by bus, 4 by train, and 30 by walk, 14 by cycle, 7 by two


wheeler, 2 by car and 5 by other modes. The average person trips in CMA are presented in
Table 7.1. The fatality rate is also high at 40 per 10,000 vehicles. Forty-two percent of
accidents involve pedestrians and 10% cyclists.

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CDP Chennai

Table 7.1: Daily average person trip distribution by mode in CMA


Sl. Mode No. & percent of total trips by mode (Trips in million)
No. 1970 1984 1992
No. Percent No. Percent No. Percent
1 Bus 1.100 41.50 3.074 45.50 2.84 37.90
2 Train 0.303 11.50 0.610 9.00 0.31 4.10
3 Car/Taxi 0.084 3.20 0.103 1.50 0.11 1.50
4 Fast two wheeler 0.043 1.70 0.219 3.20 0.52 7.00
5 Auto rickshaw - - 0.024 0.40 0.16 2.20
6 Bicycle 0.565 21.30 0.720 10.70 1.06 14.20
7 Cycle rickshaw & 0.002 0.10 0.105 1.60 0.24 3.50
others
8 Walk 0.550 20.7 1.895 28.10 2.21 29.50
Total 2.647 100.0 6.750 100.00 7.45 100.00
Source: MATS (1968-69), Short-term Traffic Improvement Programme Report (MMDA
& KCL, 1984) & CTTS (MMDA, RITES, KCL & PTCS, 1992-95). The diagrammatic
Figure: 7.3 represent the distribution of person trips by mode of transport.

Figure 7.3: Distribution of Person Trips By mode


Distribution of P erson T rips by Mode - Bus Distribution of P erson T rips by Mode -
1992 Train 1970 Bus
Car A/ R Train
Walk
Ot hers IPT 0%
TW 21% Car
1% 5% Bus
Walk Bus
39%
Cycle 41% TW
29%
Walk Cycle
Cycle
Others 21%
TW Car Train Walk
Cycle TW Car Train
2% 3% 12%
14% 7% 1% 4% IPT A/R

Distribution of P erson T rips by Mode - 2004 Bus


Others IPT Train
Bus
Walk 1% 2%
29% Car
28%
TW
Train Cycle
5% Walk
Cycle Car
TW Others
13% 4%
18%
IPT

7.2.1 Road Network

Arterial roads leading to CBD carrying


heavy traffic due to concentration of
commercial, industrial and other
employment-related activities in the
CBD are highly congested. Other major
roads are also congested. A measure to
indicate congestion is the number of
registered vehicles per kilometer of road.
When it is measured against this unit the Layout of Koyambedu
congestion has increased sevenfold for

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CDP Chennai

the period 1984 to 2004.

Capacity of almost all roads in the present system is reduced due to poor quality of riding
surface, inadequate pedestrian pavement, poor lighting conditions and lack of properly
designed intersections.

On an average, about 425 new vehicles are put on the roads every day without
corresponding increase in memorable road space. The increase in road space accounts for
only 3 to 4% of the total area, which is of very low order when compared with 11% in
Bangkok and 20-25% in developed cities such as London, Paris or New York.

The Problems

• Capacity of almost all roads in the present system is reduced due to poor quality of
riding surface, inadequate pedestrian pavement, poor lighting conditions and lack of
properly designed intersections. The volume capacity ratio (V/C ratio) on many of the
links during the peak hour is more than one. In the CBD links the V/C ratio is more
than 1.5.
• Establishment of multi-national car companies in the vicinity of the CMA (Mahindra
Ford Company at MM Nagar, Hyundai Company at Sriperumbudur, Hindustan
Motors at Thiruvallur) and establishment of Tidel Park and a large of number of IT
(Infosys, Wipro, TCS) and IT enabling service establishments is bound to increase car
ownership in the CMA thereby adversely affecting the traffic condition. With the
mushrooming financial institutions making available easy finance to own motorized
vehicles by individuals, the problems of the traffic congestion on city roads will
escalate further.
• The phenomenal growth of vehicles coupled with minimal increase in road space has
resulted in travel speeds as low as 15 kmph in CBD and 20 kmph in other major roads
along with considerable hold-ups in junctions.
• Certain missing links especially in the orbital direction have also reduced the
efficiency of movement.
• Ad hoc use of the carriageway and footpaths for utilities and inadequate and poorly
maintained drainage system also affect the efficient use of the roads.
• The parking shortage is acute in the CBD area. The demand for parking in CBD is 1.5
to 2 times the supply and the acute shortage of parking supply is pronounced in the
commercial areas of Anna Salai, T.Nagar, Purasawalkam and Mylapore. Parking is
inadequate along the major arterial roads.
• Conflicts between fast moving vehicular traffic and bicycle and pedestrian traffic have
reduced the capacity and safety.
• Lack of organised parking including loading/unloading facilities for trucks results in
reduced capacity and safety of movement.
• Permanent and temporary encroachment of footpaths and carriageway has reduced the
capacity of the road.
• Inadequate enforcement of traffic rules and lack of road sense among the road users
and insufficient regulatory measures have resulted in inefficient use of the network
system.
• Increase in air pollution levels with the suspended particulate matter (SPM) ranging
from 264 to 451 against the permissible limit of 200, carbon monoxide (CO) was
ranging from 1908 to 4198 µ g/m3 against the permissible limit of 2000.
• Bus and rail developing as competing modes rather than being complementary to each
other and the sprawling suburban development without adequate transport facilities
has placed considerable demand in favor of private vehicles and have emphasized the
warrant for interchange facilities at mass transit stations.

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CDP Chennai

7.2.2 Railways

The most used commuter line is Chennai Beach – Tambaram rail line and its capacity is
limited and restricted by a number of grade crossings. Inter-modal transfers from bus to
rail and vice versa is generally absent or under-developed and there is no system
integration of the rail and bus modes. The Southern Railway operates daily 180 arrivals
and departures which amount to 2.25 lakhs trips.

7.2.3 Bus Transport

There is acute overcrowding in buses during peak hours in almost all the routes and in off-
peak periods also in certain routes. The overloading is as high as 150% in certain routes.
The supply is grossly inadequate leading to inhuman conditions of travel in buses. The
State Transport Corporations similarly operate daily 4160 arrivals and departures, which
result in another 1.66 lakhs trips

7.2.4 Goods Transport

The number of routes for goods movement is limited. There is acute shortage of parking
for goods vehicles. All these add to the economic cost on the city.

7.2.5 Parking

CMDA has undertaken a two-stage


parking study for the CMA. The first
stage study has principally focused on
the problems of parking across the
CMA and drawn up a comprehensive
parking policy for the CMA as a
whole. The upshot of the study is
outlined as follows:

Based on field surveys covering 360


critical stretches, the total peak parking Parking Facilities at Koyambedu Bus
demand in the city is in the order of stand
13,000 PCE against a supply of 5100
PCE. For example the supply in T. Nagar is 794 PCE against a demand of 2151 PCE and
the supply in Parrys is 704 PCE against a demand of 4426 PCE. The haphazard parking
has led to loss in the road capacity that ranges between 15% to 60%.

After taking stock of the entire parking problems and issues in the CMA, the study
recommended a parking policy for Chennai on the basis of best practices followed both
inside and outside the country. The thrust of the recommended parking policy is as
follows:

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CDP Chennai

• Short-stay parking is preferably located in proximity to trip destinations and protected


from long-stay parkers;
• Institutions (e.g. education institutions), industrial establishments, commercial
complexes, cinema theatres, kalyana mandapams, entertainment halls, hotels and
restaurants should provide adequate off-street parking facilities for employees, visitors
etc;
• Commuter parking should be provided at the railway stations and at the MTC bus
terminals by the respective authorities to facilitate the commuters to adopt the park
and ride concept;
• Multi level parking (ramp type and mechanical parking) facilities should be planned
and developed at suitable locations;
• Considering the existing road network and the growth trend in the private vehicle
population, it is necessary to bring down the demand on parking spaces, both on-street
and off-street;
• Since transportation is a function of land-use, allocation of spaces for various land-
uses within the CMA could be done with a view on reducing the use of private
motorised vehicles such as high dense developments, exclusive commercial
neighbourhoods;
• Parking pricing should be judiciously devised to manage Parking problem on the
demand side. Till the proposed Unified Metropolitan Transport Authority (UMTA), is
formed the agencies / departments which are currently looking after parking related
issues should be facilitated to perform their expected roles effectively and in a co-
ordinated manner;
• An effective institutional structure is necessary to implement the various provisions of
the parking policy discussed above.
• A critical element of the parking policy is to evolve off-street parking standards for
various activities, which would become ultimately part of the Development Control
Rules of the Master Plan for the CMA. With an objective of promoting transit rider
ship, a special set of parking standards for the influence area of rail corridors have
been suggested where lesser parking standards has been mooted. Separate set of
standards has thus been evolved for (i) the areas falling within Corporation limits,
Municipalities and IT corridor, (ii) Panchayat areas and (iii) transit corridors.

7.2.6 Future Travel Trips

Figure 7.4: Growth of Travel demand in CMA


The travel demands in 2004, 2011,
Grow th of T ravel demand in CMA
2016, 2021 & 2026 have been
projected on the basis of increase in
per capita trips (from 1.32 in 2004 30

to 1.6 by 2016 and 1.65 by 2026). 20


Tr ips in million
The modal split between public and 10

private transport will change from 0

43:57 to 35:65 (2004), 55:45 (2011) 1984 2004 2016 2026

and 60:40 (2016), 65:35 (2021) and


70:30 (2026) in line with the trend in share of public transport increasing with city size.

The sub modal split between bus and rail will have to change from 91:9 to 85:15 (2004),
75:25 (2011) and 70.30 (2016), 65:35 (2021) and 60:40 (2026) if the road transport system
is not to break down in the context of increased commuter trips. The projected daily trips

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CDP Chennai

by public transport are presented in Table 7.2. Demand in growth travel of CMA is
graphically presented in Figure: 7.4.

Table 7.2: Projected Daily Trips by Public Transport


Year 1991 2001 2004 2006 2011 2016 2021 2026
Population in lakhs 58.07 70.41 75.61 78.96 88.71 99.62 111.98 125.82
Daily per capita trips 1.29 1.30 1.32 1.34 1.50 1.60 1.60 1.65
Total daily person 74.91 91.53 99.81 105.81 133.07 159.39 179.17 207.60
trips in lakhs
Modal Split % Private 57.00 60.00 64.57 55.00 45.00 40.00 35.00 30.00
Public 43.00 40.00 35.43 45.00 55.00 60.00 65.00 70.00
Total daily person trips by
public transport in lakhs 32.21 36.61 35.36 47.61 73.19 95.64 116.46 145.32
By rail % 9.25 12.00 14.54 16.00 25.00 30.00 35.00 40.00
By Road % 90.75 88.00 85.46 84.00 75.00 70.00 65.00 60.00
Daily trips in lakhs
By rail 2.98 4.39 5.14 7.62 18.30 28.69 40.76 58.13
By Road 29.23 32.22 30.22 39.99 54.89 66.94 75.70 87.19
Source: CTTS (MMDA, RITES, KCL & PTCS, 1992-95) & Short term study to update
CTTS (1992-95) (CMDA, RITES & PTCS, 2004)

Figure 7.5: Mass Transport trips


It will be seen from the Table 7.2 that Mass T rransport T rips 2004 & 2026
the number of trips carried by bus
transport in 2004 would become 90

nearly 2.8 times in the year 2026. 80

Similarly the volume of passengers to


70
60

be carried by rail transport will be 50


40
Road
Rail
nearly 11 times the present volume. 30

The projected mass transport trips are


20

10

presented in Table 7.3. and Figure: 0


2004 2026

7.5

Table 7.3 : Mass Transport Trips 2004 & 2026 (in lakhs)
Mass Transport Trips (in lakhs) 2004 2026
Total Mass Transport Trips 35.36 145.32
Increase in 22 years 109.96
Total road (bus trips) 30.22 87.19
Increase in 22 years 56.97
Total rail trips 5.14 58.13
Increase in 22 years 52.99
Source: Short term study to update CTTS (1992-95)(CMDA, RITES & PTCS, 2004)

The feasibility study on Densification of MRTS Corridor Development undertaken in


2001-03 indicated that the daily transit rider ship on the MRTS corridor could be increased
to 3.86 lakh trips in 2006, 6.62 lakh trips in 2011 and 11.86 lakh trips in 2021 by allowing
a modest density of 400 persons / ha and other minimal intervention. Map 7.4 presents the
alignment of inner circle corridors.

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CDP Chennai

7.2.7 Proposals & Interventions

In order to facilitate the proposed development strategy and to meet the future travel
demand, transport projects have been identified for implementation during the plan period.
The projects identified include improvements to rail system, road network, bus system and
goods transport. Map 7.5 shows traffic and transportation proposals in Chennai
Metropolitan Region

• Strengthening and expanding the urban rail network including MRTS;


• Completion and commissioning of other strategic transport developments such as the
ongoing MRTS Ph.II, Gauge Conversion project, northern segment of NH bypass,
missing links to Inner Ring Road (IRR) and grade separators on IRR would assist in
improving the modal share of rail to increase by 10% and that of bus 16%.
• Improving the capacity of major arterial road corridors such as Anna Salai, Periyar
EVR Salai, Jawaharlal Nehru Salai by exploiting the potentials of Area Traffic Control
(ATC) measures in the initial years including promoting exclusive bus lanes where
applicable;
• Augmenting the capacity of the major arterial road corridors such as Anna Salai,
Periyar EVR Salai, Jawaharlal Nehru Salai as a whole by constructing elevated road-
way / transit-way along the median of the road;
• Improving the road density in the peri-urban areas to match with the spatial strategy
pursued;
• Removing bottlenecks in the road / rail corridors such as road-rail crossings, narrow
bridges across rivers / canals etc.
• Increasing the transit options by development of busway, metro rail, mono-rail along
street corridors.
• The Inner Circular Corridor (Rail) (ICC (Rail) from Velachery to Ennore.
• Connecting Chennai Central and Chennai Egmore
• Development of a Centralised Goods Terminal for Chennai Area at Korukkupet
• Construction of a new railway line between Athipattu and Puttur/ Thiruvallur to
bypass northeast and south-west rail corridors to decongest freight movement in the
CMA
• Augmenting the bus transport with an optimal fleet size of 4500-7000 buses to keep
pace with the growing commuter travel demand.
• Additional truck parking at Adayalampattu Village along NH Bypass in an areas of 16
acres and a major truck terminal at the intersection of Thirumanam and Vayalanallur
on ORR in an area of 160 Ha.
• Construction of well-designed grade separators at all the critical intersections of radial
roads with IRR.
• Introduction of a hybrid monorail system for Chennai.
• Development of metro rail for Chennai for a length of 45 km (at a cost of Rs.5087
crores for implementation during 2006- 2011).

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CDP Chennai

CHAPTER VIII – URBAN BASIC SERVICES FOR THE POOR

8.1 Slums

Tamil Nadu is one among the most urbanized States in the Country and Chennai city is the
fourth most populous Metropolitan city in India, next to Mumbai, Kolkatta and Delhi.
Tamilnadu Slum Clearance Board is the agency responsible for planning and management
of slums areas in CMA. The Census report of 2001 has revealed that 42.16 lakhs persons
are living in Chennai and among them 7, 47,936 persons are living in slums.

TNSCB estimates indicate that the slum families in undeveloped slums work out to 1.08
lakhs; out of which 72,827 families are living in objectionable slums. TNSCB has also
estimated that there are about 37,000 families in unobjectionable areas and further there
are 6150 families who live in slum conditions in the encroached parts of the tenement
areas which have been reserved as parks, public purpose sites etc. The Location and
growth of slums in Chennai City is presented in Table 8.1.

Table 8.1: Growth of Slums in Chennai City


Sl. No. Year No. of slums No. of the households Slum Population
1. 1956 306 57,436 2,87,180
2. 1961 548 97,851 4,12,168
3. 1971 1202 1,63,802 7,37,531
4. 1986 996* 1,27,181 6,50,859
5. 2001 1431 (incl.CMA). 1,62,950 7,47,936
Note: *Excluding the slums in 10 towns as per 1986 survey, and also improved/cleared
ones.

8.1.1 Slums on Objectionable Locations

The slums situated on river margins, road margins, seashore and places required for public
purposes are categorized as objectionable slums. As the areas occupied by them are to be
retrieved and handed over to the land owning department and farther to implement
programmes like road widening, desilting, strengthening of bunds etc. to be carried out.
Hence the benefits of the various onsite programmes implemented by TNSCB could not
be extended services to the slums located in objectionable areas unless until retrieve the
lands occupied by them for implementing public welfare schemes and to prevent the
pollution of waterways. The location of slums are presented in Table 8.2

Table 8.2: Location of Slums in Chennai City


Sl. No. Description No. of slum families
1 River Margin 30,313
2 Feeder Canals 5,184
3 Road Margin 22,330
4 Seashore 15,000
Total 72,827
Source: TNSCB

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CDP Chennai

Slums along the river Cooum

The river cooum originates from Sattarai Village as a drainage course collecting surpluses
from 78 tanks with a catchment area of about 140 sq.km. The length of the river is about
75km. The river enters the city near Arumbakkam and finds its way through the heart of
the city and joins the sea South of Fort St.George through Napier Bridge. The river gets
polluted within the city limits due to letting in of sullage from various locations either due
to over flow or lack of proper underground sewerage system.

Slums along The Buckingham Canal

The Buckingham Canal is a salt water navigation canal linking the inter-state waterways
between Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh. The total length of the canal is 470 km. At
present the canal in the city area is being misused by the slum dwellers. Besides, sewage is
being let into the canal encouraging rapid siltation in the canal and polluting the canal.

Slums along The Adyar River

The Adyar River is a small river of 40 km in length with a catchment area of 847 sq.km.
The river enters the city near Nandambakkam. The river joins Bay of Bengal near
Thiru.vi.ka. Bridge in Adyar. The river Adyar carries a heavy discharge for a few days
during North East Monsoon. It serves as a drainage carrier in the remaining part of the
year and receives sullage and sewage.

Slums along Feeder Canals

The feeder Channel like Mambalam - Nandanam canal, Otteri Nullah, Captain Cotton
canal etc. are encroached on either side preventing the free flow of water and causes
stagnation of water during rainy season in the nearby residential areas. It is identified that
5184 families are living on the margins of this channel.

Slums on Road Margins

Besides, the slum families are also squatting on road margins affecting free flow of traffic.
It is identified that 22,330 slum families are squatting on the road margins and places
required for public purposes.

Seashore

Tamil Nadu Slum Clearance Board has identified that 15000 slum families living on sea
shore and affected by Tsunami disaster. These families are to be resettled in tenements
immediately.

8.1.2 Slums on Unobjectionable Locations

Besides, Tamil Nadu Slum Clearance Board has identified that 35,251 families are living
in slum situated on unobjectionable locations as per Tamil Nadu Slum Clearance Board
Survey. These families are living in deplorable conditions and required to be developed

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CDP Chennai

through provision of housing and infrastructure. These slums are dense often subjected to
fire accidents, flood etc.

These slum families squatting on river margins are polluting the river courses in Chennai
city and preventing the desilting operations weakening the bunds etc. The slum families
living in hutments on road margins are causing accidents prevent the widening of the road
and free flow of traffic. Besides, the slums situated on the alignment of the public welfare
project like MRTS are preventing the implementation of the such time bound projects.
Similarly the slums situated near the Marina are an eyesore for the visitors besides
polluting such public places.

A majority (36%) of the slums is located on government lands and about 32% are located
on private lands. The ownership details are presented in Table 8.3

Table 8.3: Ownership of Lands occupied by Slums, 1971


Sl. No. Ownership of land % to the total slum families
1. Private 31.96
2. Corporation 08.11
3. Government (State) 35.69
4. Housing Board / Slum Clearance Board 13.09
5. Port Trust 0.03
6. Hindu Religious Endowment / Wakf Board / 09.01
other missions
7. Others 02.12
Source : TNSCB

Profile of Slums in CMA

Under the World Bank funded TNUDP II , a study on ‘Identification of Environmental


Infrastructure Requirement in Slums in Chennai Metropolitan Area” was carried out for
TNSCB in 2005. The profile of slums in CMA is outlined in Table 8.4 and in the
subsequent sections.

Table 8.4: Profile of Slums in CMA


Sl. Zone I Zone II Zone III Zone IV CMA
No. Extended 10 Towns South North
Areas Chennai Chennai
1. Slums 68 417 437 491 1431
Shelter units 11289 38570 34570 43721 128150
Families 15253 43539 50373 61555 170720
Families per shelter unit 1.3 1.1 1.4 14 1.3
2. LAND OWNERSHIP
Govt., % slums 88 79 36 27 48
(% shelter units) (91) (81) (41) (35) (56)
Private, % slums 4 11 29 44 28
(% shelter units) (2) (10) (29) (41) (25)
Religious Inst., % 3 9 18 15 14
slums (1) (8) (19) (12) (11)
(% shelter units)
Local Bodies, % slums - 1 14 11 8

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CDP Chennai

Sl. Zone I Zone II Zone III Zone IV CMA


No. Extended 10 Towns South North
Areas Chennai Chennai
(% shelter units) (-) (1) (9) (8) (5)
TNSCB/TNHB, % 5 - 3 3 2
slums (6) (-) (2) (4) (3)
(% shelter units)
3. SIZE OF SLUMS
(Shelter Units)
50 & below, % slums 19 47 52 49 48
(% shelter units) (13) (13) (17) (13) (13)
51 – 100, % slums 20 24 26 22 24
(% shelter units) (9) (19) (23) (18) (19)
101 – 250, % slums 40 21 16 22 20
(% shelter units) (37) (34) (29) (38) (35)
251 – 500, % slums 15 6 5 6 6
(% shelter units) (30) (24) (20) (23) (23)
501 – 1000, % slums 6 1 1 1 1
(% shelter units) (21) (6) (11) (8) (9)
Over 1000, % slums - 1 - - 1
(% shelter units) (-) (4) (-) (-) (1)
4. TYPE OF SHELTER
UNITS
Thatched, % shelter 80 73 72 55 67
units
Pucca, % shelter units 7 11 12 16 13
Tiled, % shelter units 8 13 9 21 14
Asbestos, % shelter 4 2 5 5 4
units
Tinned, % shelter units 1 1 2 3 2
5. PUBLIC FACILITIES
AVAILABLE
Water supply, % slums 76 66 83 78 75
Latrine, % slums 22 13 35 33 27
Street lights, % slums 51 68 83 83 77
6. DEMOGRAPHY
Population 77790 226403 246828 326242 877262
Families 15253 43539 50373 61555 170720
Family size 5.1 5.2 4.9 5.3 5.1
Sex ratio 953 934 953 940 942
Upto 17 yrs., % 43 42 42 41 42
population
18-45 yrs., % 46 45 45 45 45
population
Illiterates, % population 33 29 39 33 33
Standard X or less, % 60 60 53 58 57
population
7. EARNER PROFILE
Earners, % population 28 28 33 30 30
Female, % earners 13 14 22 17 17
Unskilled, % earners 45 46 63 61 56
Earner per family 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.5

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CDP Chennai

Sl. Zone I Zone II Zone III Zone IV CMA


No. Extended 10 Towns South North
Areas Chennai Chennai
Dependents per earner 2.5 2.6 2.1 2.3 2.4
8. DEPENDENTS
Dependents, % 72 72 67 70 70
population
Females, % dependents 63 60 60 62 63
Unemployed 18-45 48 49 42 46 46
years, % population
Women 18-45 years, % 88 85 88 84 86
unemployed
Children 6-17 years 36 24 30 30 28
neither in school nor
employed, %
population 6-17 years
9. Others
Monthly family 685 700 615 730 686
income, Rs.
Monthly per capita 135 135 126 139 134
Monthly family 680 690 609 715 676
expenditure, Rs.
Families in rented 35 32 38 49 39
house,%
Source : TNSCB

Salient Features of Slums in CMA

• A total of 1473 slums were covered under the survey and this excludes the slums
covered by MUDP and TNUDP
• Out of 1473 slums 1231 slums are classified as developed and 242 slums are classified
as undeveloped in CMA.
• Out of 242 undeveloped slums, 122 slums are located in objectionable area such as
river, road margin etc.
• 120 slums are located in the unobjectionable areas
• The total population and total number of families in 242 undeveloped slums are 71
840 and 3.29 lakhs.
• The total number of dwelling units are 46248 of which 6081, 22691 and 17548 units
are pucca, semi pucca and kutcha structures respectively. The composition of semi-
pucca and kutcha were of 52 percent and 26 percent respectively.
• The number of persons occupying each dwelling unit is also found to be higher with
about 7 persons per house.
• About 78% of families owned the houses .
• Most of the house owners (about 85%) did not enjoy the patta for their houses.
• About 85% of the families were living below the poverty line.

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CDP Chennai

Water Supply

• No piped water supply and the sources of water included open wells; bore wells and
public water tanks.
• The number of persons sharing the public water tank/tap is very high with an average
of about 620 persons per water tank/tap.
• The slums in Chennai City predominantly (about 90%) depend on supplies through
municipal water tankers. 1% have own municipal connection. 3.7 % have access to
public taps.
• 73.8% have access to daily water supply .About 24% enjoy water supply on alternate
days.1.4% of households do not have regular frequency in water supply.
• 56% of the households had community water supply available within a distance of 50
metres and another 21% had within 50-100 metres. For the remaining 12.1 % the
water sources were available beyond 100 metres.
• A majority of households (90%) had water storage facilities other than overhead tank,
under ground tank or storage drums within their property.
• About 66.7% get more than 50 liters per day; with about 11.4% saying that they had
more than 100 liters a day. 29.4 % of households received water supply less than 50
litres.
• About 71% of slum dwellers purchase the drinking water

Sanitation

• The number of persons sharing the public toilet seats and public urinals is very high
with an average of about 1086 persons and 2817 persons per toilet seat and urinals
respectively.
• 29.2% of the households are using individual latrine/pit another 48.3 percent
household use community/public latrine. 22.5% use other means including open
defecation.
• With regard to distance of public latrines, about 6% of the households have to walk
more than 100, to use the community toilet/public latrines;1.8% of household have to
go beyond 250 metres. A majority of households have access to community toilets
/public latrine facilities within 50 m distance.
• 68.2 % of households do not have sewer connection
• Majority of the households who did not have sewer connection were willing to avail a
new connection at a price.
• 12% of the households are incurring expenditure on sewerage and drainage.

Storm Water Drain

• 38.9% have access to SWD

Solid Waste Management

• Estimated solid waste generation in the surveyed slums would be about 198 MT.
• About 33 % of the households throw the waste in the municipal bins. About 55% of
the households throw the waste on the road side/open spaces; 12% of the households
throw the waste into the drains
• About 26% of the respondents reported that the temporary waste storage points/dust
bins was available within 50 m of distance. 6% of the households responded that the
bins were located more than 100 m distance.

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CDP Chennai

Roads, Streets and Pavements

• The surveyed 242 slums spread over an area of 1.72 sq.km. and were covered with
about 83.53 km of road length, of which 59.18 km is surfaced
• 31% have black topped road; 19% have cement concrete roads; 12.5% have metal
roads and 32 % have mud roads
• A majority (about 77%) have road width less than 3 m.

Street Lights

About 32% of households reported that they have street lights in front of their houses.

Poverty

With regards to poverty, the number of Below Poverty Line population has come down
from 31 % in Chennai during 1993-94 to 9 % during 1999-2000. Table 8.5 presents the
BPL population in the districts of Chennai and Chennai Metropolitan area.

Table 8.5: BPL Population


1993-94 1999-2000
BPL % of BPL % Of
Population BPL Population BPL
(in lakhs) (in lakhs)
Chennai District 9.55 31.58 3.93 9.58
Sl. Name of Total No. of Total No. of BPL Percentage of families
No. Municipality Families families BPL
1998 2004 1998 2004 1998 2004
1 Ambattur 52088 72506 19343 22213 37 31
2 Avadi 42090 53604 17447 16496 41 31
3 Kathivakkam 6471 7539 3172 3753 49 50
4 Madhavaram 11303 17700 4573 5319 40 30
5 Thiruvottiyur 38266 49801 14431 13986 38 28
6 Alandur 19513 31732 9067 5580 46 18
7 Pallavapuram 20342 32636 9820 7410 48 23
8 Tambaram 24316 30197 8906 9196 37 30
9 Anakaputhur 5922 7045 1520 1782 26 25
10 Manali 5385 5368 1616 1352 30 25
11 Pammal 10256 10884 2153 3994 21 37
12 Puzdhivakkam 5236 9300 274 441 5 5
13 Maduravayal 7708 12438 2329 5403 30 43
14 Poonamallee 6196 7398 1557 2120 25 29
15 Thiruverkadu 6296 10415 1824 3191 29 31
16 Valasaravakkam 5175 9251 1308 1228 25 13
Total 268561 369818 101338 105468
Source : Commissioner of Municipal Administration

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CDP Chennai

8.2 Schemes implemented by TNSCB in CMA

The following are the major schemes implemented by TNSCB in tackling the problems of
slums and improving their conditions:

Slum Clearance Scheme

Under this scheme, the slum dwellers are rehabilitated in storeyed tenements either in situ
or in a resettlement site. Tenements are allotted either on rental basis or on hire purchase
basis. TNSCB has constructed 69594 No. of tenements from 1970 to 2004 in Chennai. In
addition TNHB had constructed 10,423 slum tenements in Chennai.

Slum Improvement Scheme under MUDP I and II and TNUDP-I

The project comprised of provision of security of tenure, basic infrastructure services and
community facilities. The infrastructure improvements include:

New and improved roads, footpaths and drainage (storm and waste water), with vehicular
access provided no more than 50 m from each hut and pedestrian access provided for each
hut;

• Water supply, with one public standpipe per 10 households;


• Public latrines and washing facilities, with one toilet and one bath facility per 10
households; and

Shelter for Shelter less Scheme

Affordable houses for slum dwellers were constructed on serviced plots, using locally
available materials and adopting low cost techniques. They were allotted to slum families
on hire purchase basis. It was tried a pilot project in Chennai by TNSCB with GOI grant
20%, GTN grant 15% and HUDCO loan component 65%. 2982 No. of families were
benefited under the scheme.

TNSCB’s Sites & Services Scheme

Land acquired under the TNULC Act and allotted to TNSCB was used for this scheme.
Open plot developments with basic infrastructures made therein with loan assistance from
HUDCO and the slum dwellers in objectionable areas resettled; the cost recovered from
the resettlements over a period of 20 years. 1473 no. of families were benefited under the
scheme.

Pavement Dwellers Housing Scheme

Under this scheme, serviced plots with core housing were allotted to the identified
pavement dwellers. It was funded by the GOI (Rs.4, 000/- per household) GTN
(Rs.1000/- per household) and HUDCO loan (Rs.8, 000/- per household) 7787 no. of
families benefited under this scheme.

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CDP Chennai

Cash Loan Scheme

Cash loan assistance for construction of house over the plot allotted by TNSCB under
Lease-cum-Sale basis was given by TNSCB. It was financed by HUDCO as loan.15, 554
families were benefited under this scheme

Mass Housing Scheme

Apart from providing basic infrastructures in slum areas, grant to the slum family for
conversion of thatched roof to tiled roof or mud walls to brick walls was given under the
scheme 97650 families benefited under the scheme.

Nehru Rozgor Yojana

Loan assistance of Rs.4, 150/- per slum family was given for up gradation of their shelter.
It was implemented by TNSCB with grant assistance from GOI & GTN and loan
assistance from HUDCO.14, 000 No. of families benefited by this scheme

Resettlement under Special Problem Grant of Eleventh Finance Commission

Under this, TNSCB availing grant from GOI and resettled 3,252 families from
objectionable areas in storeyed tenements in CMA.

R&R under Flood Alleviation Programme

TNSCB has identified that 33313 families are on the river margins and B'canal in the
CMA. About 8164 tenements were constructed and a part of the above families (about
3000) were resettled. It is being implemented with Government of India’s VAMBAY
Grant, TUFIDCO loan under Mega Cities programme apart from allocation in the budget.

EWS Plots in Layouts

Since 1989 CMDA, ensures that at least 10% of plots excluding roads are provided as
EWS plots when according approval in cases of layouts exceeding one hect. By this way at
least 10 % of the plotted out area in the layout is generated as EWS plots which can
accommodate about one third of the population, which can be accommodated in the layout
area.

TNSCB has also estimated that the tenement construction to house slums dwellers from
early 70's are reaching its life and in the next 10 years most of these tenements have to be
reconstructed and estimated that about 46,500 tenements units have to be reconstructed.

8.3 Housing Scenario of LIG/EWS units in CMA

The delivery agencies in CMA can be broadly classified as public, co-operative and
private sector. Under the public sector, the agencies operating mainly are TNHB and
TNSCB. The agencies which provide housing to their own employees are TNPHC,

74
CDP Chennai

Railways, P&T, CPWD, Port Trust, etc.

The decadal growth of households and housing units is given in the Table 8.6. It shows
that the housing requirement gap is not significant for the period 1971-91 and there is
significant gap in the year 2001.

Table 8.6: No. of Households and Housing Units in CMA


(in Lakhs) Growth rate in %
1971 1981 1991 2001 1981 1991 2001
Households in the City 4.44 6.29 7.96 9.62 41.7 26.55 20.85
Households in the CMA 6.89 9.04 11.82 16.19 31.2 30.95 36.97
Housing Units in the City 4.80 6.37 7.98 9.57 32.7 25.22 20.55
Housing Units in the CMA 6.63 9.15 12.34 15.99 38.00 34.90 29.50
Source : TNSCB &TNHB

The total number of houses in CMA during 1991 was 12.72 lakhs consisting of 9 lakhs
units in the non-slum and 2.72 lakhs units in the slum categories respectively. Among the
non-slum households 18% belong to EWS, 30% belong to LIG, 22% belong to MIG and
30% belong to HIG. Among the slum households 86% belong to EWS, 13% belong to
LIG and 1% belongs to MIG and HIG.

Tamil Nadu Housing Board had developed 3,93,684 units under three different
programmes-, regular, MUDP and TNUDP comprising of 94,405 housing units for LIG
and 1,28,122 units for EWS group of households, constituting 55% of the total units.
TNHB was also involved in developing housing units for slum dwellers, about 20,060
units allotted to slum tenements and 3,046 units under Subsidized Industrial Housing
Scheme.

Projection of Housing Demand for LIG/EWS

The demand for new housing stock for LIG/EWS in Chennai Metropolitan Area for the
year 2011 is estimated at 2.78 Lakhs units. The LIG/EWS units demand is shown in Table
8.7.

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CDP Chennai

Map 8.1: Location of TNHB Proposed Projects in CMA

49
Ariyanvoyal

47
Kollati
46
Nandiyambakkam
50
40 Minjur
Madiyur
30 31 34
Sekkanjeri Nerkundram Nayar 39
Valuthigaimedu
41 43
25 29 Seemapuram Athipattu
26 Surapattu
Athur Karanodai 35
27 Mahfushanpettai
Sothuperambedu 32 38 43
Girudalapuram 37 Chinnamullavoyal Ennore
28 36 Periamullavoyal 42

NH-5
24 Orakkadu 33 Pudupakkam Vallur
22 Pudur 18
Erumaivettipalayam Sholavaram Kandigai 16
Kodipallam
17 15
PONNERI
21
TALUK 19 Arumandai Thirunilai 14
23 5 Ankadu Marambedu Vellivoyal
Palayaerumaivettipalayam Sembilivaram 20
6 Kummanur
Sholavaram Tank 4 Siruniyam 11
Nallur Perungayur 1
7 9 13 Kathivakkam
Pannivakkam Sothupakkam 12
3 Vichoor Edayanchavadi
Vijayanallur 10
10 Melsinglimedu 8
8 Palavoyal Sirugavoor
2 Padiyanallur
11 7
Attanthangal 9 Sendrambakkam
1 Thiruthakiriyampattu 4
47 Vilangadupakkam Kadapakkam 2
Alamadi 14 Ernavur
48 13/2 Athivakkam 6 5 3
Arakkambakkam Thiyambakkam Ariyalur
Pandeswaram Layon 25 Sadayankuppam
43 12 18 17/2
NaravariKuppam
Alinjivakkam
23 24 Elanthancheri 27/2
Morai 19
15 17/1 Payasambakkam 22 Amulavoyal Vaikkadu
50 20 Kosapur
Karlapakkam 46 39 Vadakarai
Layongrant 13/1 Chettimedu
Melpakkam 16
49 Pammadukulam 40
Tundakalani 21
MOR Road
51 Kadavur Redhills Vadapurambakkam
Keelakandaiyur 45 35 26
Mathur 27/1
Tenambakkam Manali
53 42 Thiruvottiyur
Velacheri 44 Vellanur
Pulikutti 38
52 Puzhal
Alathur 41
Pottur Redhills Lake 28
37 Sathangadu
Vilakkupatti 29
56
ChinnaSekkadu

al
54 Mittanamalli

Can
27 Palavedu 34
Pakkam 62/1 63 Madhavaram
SAIDAPET TALUK

ham
62/2 Surappattu Kathirvedu
55 59/2
TIRUVALLUR Mukthapudupattu

king
57 64
Puttagaram
TALUK Kovilpadagai 58

B uc
21 Thirumullaivoyal
59/1
Nadukuttagai Oragadam
19 5
Thandarai Vilinjiambakkam 61
60
Korattur
20 Menambedu
Nemilicheri
22
3 88 BAY OF BENGAL
Thiruninravur 89 Pattravakkam
6/1 Paruthipattu Ambattur
Karunakaracheri Sekkadu Kakapallam
23
24 Annambedu 6/4 4 72
Agraharam Palaripattu 90
17 Anaikattucheri6/2 Ayapakkam
Amudurmedu Sorancheri 87
Mannur
80
Padi
CHENNAI CITY
23
SRIPERUMBUDUR
6/3
Ayalcheri 7
TALUK 86
16 15 Athipattu 81
Kannapalayam 2
26 Thirumanam Vayalanallur 8 Mogappair
Korattur 25 SundaraSholavaram 91
Melpakkam
Sittukadu Koladi
85
27 39 14 Ayanambakkam
Chokkanallur 9 Nolambur
Thirukovilpattu 41
iver
Nochimedu 38 Veeraragavapuram 1 82
37 Kavalcheri 42 11
Melmanambedu Mothirambedu
Ariyappancheri
Panaveduthottam Thiruverkadu
u mR
Coo
13 84 83
30 40 10 Perumalagaram Adayalampattu
Nemam Kilmanambedu Kolappancheri 12 Parivakkam 100
36 43 Pidarithangal Nerkundram
Vellavedu 49 59
Thirumazhisai 45 Thukkanampattu 93
Udayarkoil Senneerkuppam Sivabudam
31/2 31/1 50 92 99
35 44 Ariyamarundanallur Numbal 96 Maduravoyal
Thirumalarajapuram 48
Narasingapuram Neduncheri Varadharajapuram Vanagaram
51 94
34 46 Poonamallee 60 Chettiyaragaram 101
Parvathirajapuram Goparasanallur
Madavilagam 95 Valasaravakkam
47 Tandalam
Nazarathpettai
32 61
52 58 97
Kuttambakkam 76 Agraharam Katturpakkam Ayyappanthangal Karambakkam
Chembarambakkam 74
Melagaram 73
53 57
Malayambakkam Mangadu Srinivasapuram 62 98 102
Thelliyaragaram Porur Ramapuram
75 56
112 72 Kulathuvancheri
Meppur Kulamanivakkam 122/2
Chettipattu 33 55 64
63
54 Paraniputhur Moulivakkam MadanandapuramMugalivakkam
Palanjur Chinnapanicheri
Kattirambakkam
109 65/1
Chikkarayapuram 69
65/2 122/1
Chembarambakkam Tank 71 Peripanicheri
66 Nandambakkam
70
Kovur
Manapakkam Riv
79
68
Gerugambakkam 67 er
85/2
r 120
ya
Kollaicheri 82 Kulapakkam
81 123 Alandur
Thandalam
Ad
78 Munnankattalai St.Thomas Mount
84 122/3
Thirunageswaram
80 Rentankattalai 83 125
86 77 Tharapakkam Minambakkam
Venkatapuram Manancheri
Kavanur 126 124
87 127 Cowl Bazaar
108 Polichalur Palavanthangal
Daravur Sirukulathur
85/1 131 134 Nanganallur
128
Kunrathur
Anakaputhur Minambakkam
88 cum 135
Nandambakkam Pallavaram 133 Ullagaram
132 Thalakkanancheri 141
Tirusulam Kottivakkam
91 129 143
156 Perungudi
89 Thirumudivakkam Pammal 130 157 Perundavakkam154
Issa Pallavaram 158 142
Poonthandalam Pallavaram(Zamin) Muvarasampattu Madipakkam Palavakkam
90
Palanthandalam 163 155
R.F. 144
Thiruneermalai Keelakattalai Sivaram
145
92 152
Erumaiyur 159 Neelangarai
164 Nemilicheri Kovilambakkam
l
m Cana

Pulikoradu 165 160 153 149


94 151
Naduveerapattu Kadapperi Hasthinapuram Kulathur Pallikaranai 148
Nanmangalam
Okkiam Thuraipakkam
162
ha

166 Chitlapakkam
161
Bucking

Tambaram Sembakkam
93
SAIDAPET TALUK 150 146
Varadharajapuram Medavakkam Injambakkam
175
173 Gowrivakkam 188 147
167 Selaiyur 174 Jaladampettai Karapakkam
Perungalathur Rajakilpakkam
170
169 Irumbuliyur 176
Peerkankaranai Vengavasal
168
Mudichur
BANNED
171
AREA
172 177
187
Meppedu Thiruvanjeri Perumbakkam 189
Madambakkam
Sholinganallur
2
Vandalur 10
Puthur 182
1
Mannivakkam
CHENGLEPUTNedunkundram
9
178
Kaspapuram
Sithalapakkam
LEGEND
TALUK 180
181
Kovilancheri
186
Arasankalani
11 Agaramten
3
Kulapakkam 179
183
Madurapakkam 190
CHENNAI CITY LIMIT BOUNDARY
Kelambakkam 185 191
Vengambakkam Semmancheri
Ottiyambakkam Uthandi
184 CMA BOUNDARY
Mulacheri
EXISTING NATIONAL HIGHWAY
Vand INNER RING ROAD
alur R
oad
EXPRESS HIGHWAYS

OUTER RING ROAD

EXISTING ROADS
EXISTING EAST COAST ROAD

OLD MAHABALIPURAM ROAD

LANDS ALREADY PROPOSED


To Chengalpattu FOR ACQUISATION
LANDS NOW IDENTIFIED FOR FUTURE
HOUSING SCHEME ALONG
MAJOR ROAD CORRIDORS

76
CDP Chennai

Table 8.7: Demand for LIG and EWS units in CMA


CMA 2011
Population 88,71,228
Housing need for EWS/LIG/MIG/HIG 4,27,798
EWS (30%) 1,28,339
LIG (35%) 1,49,729
Source : TNHB

Considering the future requirements of housing stock for LIG and EWS, Tamil Nadu
Housing Board has identified land in the metropolitan area and is in the process of
acquiring the same. TNHB proposes to acquire 10000 acres in total of which about 3000
acres have been identified. It is to be noted that the lands earmarked for housing
development are located in close proximity to the proposed/potential industrial clusters in
CMA. In the initial phase, TNHB proposes to construct 86,000 units for LIG/EWS in the
identified 3000 acres at an estimated cost of Rs. 2,031.00 Crores.

Proposed Projects

TNHB has proposed to create new satellite towns and housing colonies with all
infrastructure facilities along the major road corridors and arterial roads to meet the
requirements of LIG/EWS. Accordingly, TNHB proposes the following projects for
development which are presented in Table 8.8 and are shown in Map 8.2.

Table 8.8: Proposed Projects for LIG/EWS


Major Corridors and Areas Land in acre
arterial roads
Old Mahabalipuram Road Thaiyur, Siruseri and Navalur 100
Tharamani – Tambaram Perumbakkam, Vengaivasal, Gowriwakkam 200
Road Sithalapakkam and Sembakkam
Tambaram – Kanchipuram Mannivakkam, Padappai 800
Road
Proposed Outer Ring Road Thirumudivakkam, Thiruneermalai, 1500
Kundrathur Pazhanthandalam, Erumaiyur,
Nandambakkam, Kavanur and
Poonthandalam
Chennai – Thiruvallur Karunakarancheri and Nemilichery 200
High Road
Grand Northern Trunk Meenjur 200
Road
Total 3000
Source : TNHB

77
CDP Chennai

CHAPTER IX – SOCIAL FACILITIES

9.1 Education

Planning for educational facilities in a


Metropolis like Chennai should take into
account regional bearings as it caters, not
only to the requirements within it, but also
to the surrounding districts, and
surrounding States in respect of specialized
/ higher education.

In the CMA, most of the middle schools


include primary classes, High Schools
include middle and primary classes and the Anna University
Higher Secondary Schools include primary,
middle and high School classes. Educational institutes are both in the private and public
sector (State and Central Governments, local bodies).

The number of existing educational institutions, category-wise, in Chennai City and rest of
CMA is given in the Table 9.1.

Table 9.1: Educational Institutions in CMA


Sl. Category of Chennai City Rest of CMA
No. institutions
Govt. Private Total Govt./Go Private Total Grand
/Govt vt. aided Total
.
aided
1 Schools
(a) Primary 164 315 479 233 144 377 856
(b) Middle 125 127 252 65 56 121 373
(c) High School 55 171 226 37 139 176 402
(d) Higher 60 366 426 32 204 236 662
Secondary
2 Colleges
(a) Arts and 22 11 33 7 9 16 49
Science
(b) Training 5 1 6
Colleges
(c) Physical 1 1
Education
(d) Others 25 13 38
including
Research
Institutions
3 Technical
Education

78
CDP Chennai

Sl. Category of Chennai City Rest of CMA


No. institutions
Govt. Private Total Govt./Go Private Total Grand
/Govt vt. aided Total
.
aided
(a) I.T.I’s 3 87 90 2 26 28 118
(b) Polytechnics 11 2 13 2 18 20 33
(c) Engineering 4 2 6 1 37 38 44
colleges
4 Medical
Education
(a) Medical 3 - 3 0 1 1 4
Education
(b) Dental 1 0 1 0 6 6 7
Colleges
(c) Siddha 1 0 1 0 1 1 2
(d) Homeo - - - - 2 2 2
(e) Unani 1 - 1 - - - 1
(f) Ayurveda - 1 1 - 1 1 2
(g) Pharmacy 1 2 3 - 4 4 7
(h) Nursing 1 - 1 0 5 5 6
5 Veterinary 1 1 1
College
6 Law College 1 1 1
Source: Statistical Hand Book of Tamil Nadu 2003

It is estimated that in the future years the school going age going children will stabilize at
7.5 % for primary school going age group, 5.19% for middle school going age group and
3.71% for High School going age group and 3.96% for the Higher Secondary going age
group. Based on these estimates, the number of primary, high and higher secondary
schools required for 2026 is given in Table 9.2.

Table 9.2: Number of Schools Required 2026


2001 No. of Average No Average 2011 2016 2021 2026
Schools of Students Strength
2001 assumed
Primary 1427 370 500 1329 1493 1677 1885
Upper Primary 775 471 500 920 1034 1161 1305
High School 998 261 400 822 923 1037 1165
HSC School 662 210 400 438 492 553 621
Source: Statistical Hand Book of Tamil Nadu 2003

9.2 Health

Chennai has established itself by the health Capital of the country and is fast becoming the
health destination of choice for people all over the world. In Chennai there are 3 major
Government Hospitals comprising 12,678 beds. In adition about 3000 beds are available in
major private hospitals in Chennai City

79
CDP Chennai

Both government agencies and private


sector are involved in the provision of
health infrastructure in CMA. In Chennai
city area, the Corporation of Chennai runs
169 health posts. According to the
approved list by the government, there are
130 private hospitals in the city area itself.

In the rest of CMA, there are 10 Primary


Health centers functioning at Minjur,
Naravarikuppam, Avadi, Medavakkam, Kilpauk Medical College
Porur, Poonamallee, Manali New Town,
Madhavaram, Pozhichalur and Pudur. The no. of beds available in Chennai City and
Kancheepuram & Thiruvallur Districts which lie in CMA are given in Table 9.3.

Table 9.3: Total Number of Beds in Chennai, Kancheepuram and Thiruvallur Districts
Sl. No. District Population Total Beds Population
per bed
available
1 Chennai 4343645 10999 383
2 Kancheepuram 2869920 2735 1049
3 Thiruvallur 2738866 594 4611
Source: Statistical Hand Book of Tamil Nadu 2003

The above figures indicate the total number of beds in Government Hospitals. The bed
availability in Private Hospitals may be about 100% more than the Government ones.

Considering the longevity in life, improved health conditions predicted, it is assumed that
the number of beds required in future may be at the rate of one in 500 populations. The
number of beds required for the projected population, for the year 2006, 2011, 2016, 2021,
and 2026 are 15,800, 17,700, 19,900, 22,400 and 25,100 respectively.

A detailed study on the health infrastructure in CMA, delivery to poor, accessibility


spatially, future requirements, contribution by private sector, future requirements,
modernization requirements in govt. sector etc. has to be made which may be a basis for
formulation of Master Plan for Health infrastructure in CMA.

9.3 Open Spaces & Green Areas

In Chennai city, there are about 195 parks


with extent varying from 150 sq.m. to 3.5
hectares and totaling to more than 60
hectares. About 200 playgrounds are
maintained by the Chennai Municipal
Corporation with a total extent exceeding
50 hectares. In the rest of CMA, unlike the
city, the parks & playfields are a very few.
Natesen Park

80
CDP Chennai

In new layout developments, a proportion


of the site (10% of site extent excluding
roads in layouts exceeding 3000 m2) is
earmarked and handed over to the local
body concerned for maintenance as parks /
playgrounds. By this account about 300
hectares of parks / playground have been
reserved by the developers and taken over
by the local bodies. However, these are
not maintained for the intended purpose
and hence CMA is devoid any major
green lung. Maintenance of existing Chennai Corporation Playground
parks / playgrounds and provision of new
parks and playgrounds in the rest of CMA requires attention.

Planning for public open spaces has become an important part of metropolitan planning, as
a result of the intense demand for outdoor recreation and also the growing need for
conservation. A database on the existing parks & playgrounds within CMA is to be created
for planning and development of open spaces.

81
CDP Chennai

CHAPTER X – MUNICIPAL FINANCES

10.1 Background

The 74th Constitution Amendment Act (CAA), 1992 of Government of India (GoI) has
imparted constitutional status on the Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) and assigned appropriate
functions to them. A constitutional backing is given to the relationship of the urban local
bodies with the State Government with respect to their functions and powers, ensuring of
timely and regular elections, arrangements for revenue sharing etc. urban local bodies are
given additional powers including preparation of local development plans, programmes for
ensuring social justice, environmental management making them responsive to the local
needs. This is facilitated by Section 243 (W) of the 74th CAA, 1992.

In conformity with the 74th CAA, the Government of Tamil Nadu (GoTN) has amended
respective Municipal Corporation Acts (for Municipal Corporations) and Tamil Nadu
District Municipalities Act, 1920 (for Municipalities) and the urban local bodies are
entrusted with the functions listed in the Twelfth Schedule of the constitution or Section
243 (W) of the 74th CAA, 1992.

The 74th CAA also provides for the constitution of a State Finance Commission (SFC) to
review the financial position of the urban local bodies and make recommendation. The
Second SFC of Tamil Nadu has already submitted its recommendations to improve the
financial position of the urban local bodies while the Third SFC has been constituted about
a year back and is currently working on its recommendations. Municipal Corporation Acts
and the District Municipalities Act of the Tamil Nadu authorizes Urban local bodies to
levy, collect and appropriate such taxes, duties, tolls and fees in accordance with the
procedures subject to limits as specified by the legislature. Besides these, the urban local
bodies are also empowered with certain other financial powers.

10.2 Constituent Urban local bodies within Chennai Metropolitan Area

The Chennai Metropolitan Area (CMA) comprises of 17 (seventeen) Urban local bodies
which includes 1 (one) Municipal Corporation (Chennai), 8 (eight) Municipalities and 8
(eight) Upgraded Urban local bodies (erstwhile Town Panchayats)1. The list of constituent
urban local bodies is given below in Table: 10.1.

Table 10.1: List of Constituent Urban Local Bodies within Chennai Metropolitan Area
Sl. Municipal Municipalities Upgraded Urban local bodies
No. Corporation (erstwhile Town Panchayats) *
1. Chennai Alandur Anakaputhur
2. Ambattur Chttlapakkam

1 The Government of Tamil Nadu issued Tamil Nadu District Municipalities (Amendment) Ordinance 2004, dated June 14,
2004 and Cancellation Notification under Tamil Nadu District Municipalities Act and Constitution of Certain Town
Panchayats as Village Panchayats under Tamil Nadu Panchayats Act, dated June 14, 2004. Accordingly, 8 (eight) Town
Panchayats have been upgraded to Municipality status while the remaining have been constituted as Village Panchayats

82
CDP Chennai

Sl. Municipal Municipalities Upgraded Urban local bodies


No. Corporation (erstwhile Town Panchayats) *
3. Avadi Maduravayal
4. Kathivakkam Manali
5. Madhavaram Pammal
6. Pallavaram Poonamallee
7. Tambaram Thiruverkedu
8. Thiruvottiyur Valasaravakkam

As stated above, the CMA has only one Municipal Corporation within its administrative
jurisdiction, viz. Corporation of Chennai (CoC). The CoC was formed under the Chennai
City Municipal Corporation Act, 1919 and is administered directly by the Municipal
Administration and Water Supply (MAWS) Department of GoTN. The role of CMC till
1971 consisted of provision of full range of urban infrastructure and civic services,
including basic educational and health services within the Chennai City. With the rapid
growth of the city and within the urban population spilling beyond its limits and the
inability of the CMC to raise adequate resources, several important development sectors
have been transferred to specialized agencies created by GoTN. Currently, the CMC is
mainly responsible for provision and maintenance of roads, streetlights, solid waste
management and other civic services, as per the provisions of the 74th CAA, adopted by
the GoTN.

Other Urban local bodies located within the CMA (Municipalities and upgraded urban
local bodies) get their statutory support from the Tamil Nadu District Municipalities Act
of 1920, as amended from time to time. These Urban local bodies are administered by the
Office of Commissioner of Municipal Administration (CMA) of GoTN.

This report on municipal (urban) finance assessment covers assessment of municipal


finances of Corporation of Chennai in the first part while assessment of municipal finances
of all 8 (eight) Municipalities and 6 (six) upgraded Urban local bodies (erstwhile Town
Panchayats) are covered in the second part of the report. However, the assessment
excludes 2 (two) upgraded Urban local bodies (erstwhile Town Panchayats), viz.
Chittlapakkam and Manali, for which municipal finance data is not available

10.3 Finances of Corporation of Chennai

10.3.1 Summary of Municipal Finances

Figure 10.1: Trends in Revenue Account


The finances of the Corporation of
Trends in Revenue Account
Chennai (CoC) have been reviewed for
the last four years, commencing from the 600
financial year 2001-02 to financial year 500
2004-05. The CoC is maintaining its 400
accounts under accrual based accounting 300
system. Figure: 10.1 represents the trends 200

of revenue account. For the purpose of 100

analysis, the municipal accounts are 0


2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05

F ina nc ia l Y e a r

Receipt s/Income Expenditure


83
CDP Chennai

categorized under the following two major heads:

Revenue Account: All recurring items of income and expenditure are included under this
head. These include taxes, charges, salaries, maintenance expenditure, debt servicing
(interest charges only), etc.; and Capital Account: Income and expenditure items under this
account are primarily non-recurring in nature. Income items include loans, contributions
by GoTN, other agencies and capital grants under various State and Central Government
programmes and income from sale of assets. Expenditure items include expenses booked
under developmental works and purchase of capital assets.

Revenue income of the CoC has grown to a level of Rs. 523.52 crores in the FY 2004-05
from Rs. 382.15 crores in FY 2001-02, indicating compounded growth at a rate of 12.33
percent per annum during the four-year period. As a whole, the revenue income of the
CoC has grown at an annual growth of 11.82 percent during the assessment period. During
the same period, revenue expenditure also increased at an average annual rate of 12.73
percent. The CoC maintained revenue surplus consistently over the assessment period and
average overall surplus is about Rs. 40.82 crores per annum. The table below presents the
status of both revenue account and capital account of the CoC:

Figure 10.2: Trends in Capital Account


Capital income comprises of loans,
grants and contribution in the form of Trends in Capital Account
sale proceeds of assets and contribution.
A major share of capital income is in the 200
180
form of transfer from revenue funds, 160
140
which is a healthy indicator. The capital 120

account has witnessed a deficit-during 100


80
FY 2001-02 and FY 2002-03 implying 60
40
utilization of revenue surpluses to fund 20
0
capital works. However, during FY 2003- 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05

04 and FY 2004-05, the capital account F ina nc ia l Y e a r

witnessed a surplus resulting due to Receipt s/ Income Expenditure


excess drawal from revenue fund but not
utilized to the full extent. Table: 10.2 tabulate the municipal finances of Chennai city.
Figure: 10.2 show the trends in capital account.

Table 10.2: Summary of Municipal Finances of the Corporation of Chennai


Sl. Particulars 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06
No. Actuals RE
A. Account Summary (Rs. in Crores)
1. Revenue Account
Receipts/Income 382.15 497.61 527.15 523.52 644.32
Expenditure 360.10 405.77 513.36 508.24 640.74
Surplus/Deficit 22.05 91.84 13.79 15.28 3.58
2. Capital Account
Receipts/Income 87.13 68.50 181.66 162.39 215.40
Expenditure 102.91 71.93 169.11 135.40 215.09
Surplus/Deficit (15.78) (3.43) 12.55 26.99 0.31
B. Growth Trends (in Percentage)
2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Average

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CDP Chennai

Sl. Particulars 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06


No. Actuals RE
1. Revenue Account
Receipts/Income -- 30.21 5.94 (0.69) 11.82
Expenditure -- 12.68 26.52 (1.00) 12.73
2. Capital Account
Receipts/Income -- (21.38) 165.20 (10.61) 44.40
Expenditure -- (30.10) 135.10 (19.93) 28.36
Source: Data Provided by the Corporation of Chennai; 2006

10.3.2 Revenue Account

The revenue account comprises of two components, revenue income and revenue
expenditure. Revenue income comprises of internal resources in the form of tax and non-
tax items. External resources are in the form of shared taxes/ transfers and revenue grants
from the GoTN. Revenue expenditure comprises of expenditure incurred on salaries,
operation & maintenance and debt servicing.

10.3.3 Revenue Receipts/Income - Summary

In order to review the revenue income, the core revenue receipts of the CoC are broadly
categorized under following heads depending on the source of receipts:

• Tax Revenues
o Property Tax
o Professional Tax
o Other Taxes
• Non-Tax Revenues
o Service Charges & Fees
o Sale and Hire Charges
o Miscellaneous Income
• Assigned Revenue
o Duty on Transfer of Property
o Entertainment Tax
o Surcharge on Sales Tax
o Assignment from Tax Revenue
• Revenue Grants and Contributions
Figure 10.3: Linkage and connectivity
The source-wise income generated for 300

the CoC during the review period is 250


200
presented in the Table 10.3. The base 150
and basis of each income source has 100
been further elaborated in the 50
subsequent section. Figure: 10.3 0

illustrate the linkage and connectivity. 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05

F ina nc ia l Y e a r

Tax Revenues Non-Tax Revenues


Assigned Revenues Revenue Grants and Cont ributions

85
CDP Chennai

Table 10.3: Summary of Revenue Receipts/Income of the CMC Rs. in Crores


Sl. No. Particulars 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06
Actual RE
1. Tax Revenues 198.18 194.55 236.89 267.42 316.40
2. Non-Tax Revenues 42.47 49.00 53.43 57.35 71.42
3. Assigned Revenues 132.52 223.02 219.35 178.99 191.00
4. Revenue Grants and 8.98 31.04 17.48 19.76 65.50
Contributions
Total 382.15 497.61 527.15 523.52 644.32
Source: Data Provided by the Corporation of Chennai; 2006

10.3.4 Receipts/Income from Taxes

Receipts/income from taxes includes all taxes levied and collected directly by the CoC.
These include property tax and professional tax, which are the more significant taxes and
other taxes like pilgrim tax, tax on carriages & animals, tax on carts, servant tax,
advertisement tax and others.

Figure 10.4: Composition of Revenue income


Property tax was the single largest Com position of Revenue Incom e (Avg. of
source of revenue of the CoC and was Four Years from FY 2001-02 to 2004-05)
levied as a percentage of the Annual Revenue
Grants and
Rateable Value (ARV) of all Real Cont ribut ions
4%
Properties (including built-up and vacant
land) within in the administrative Assigned
Revenues
jurisdiction of the CoC. The other major 39%
Tax Revenues
47%
tax item is the professional tax levied on
all registered employed professionals
and establishments in the organized Non-Tax
Revenues
sector. Other taxes included pilgrim tax, 10%

tax on carriages & animals, tax on carts,


servant tax, advertisement tax and others. Figure: 10.4 present the composition of revenue
income.

The following Table: 10.4 presents the year wise aggregate receipts/income of CoC along
with sectoral contribution and growth trend in taxes

Table 10.4: Revenue Receipts from Taxes of Corporation of Chennai


Sl. No. Particulars 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06
Actuals RE
1. Receipts/Income (Rs. in Crores)
Property Tax 169.50 163.76 206.61 220.55 260.00
Profession Tax 28.20 29.38 29.48 46.22 55.00
Other Taxes 0.48 1.41 0.80 0.65 1.40
Total Taxes 198.18 194.55 236.89 267.42 316.40
2. Sectoral Contribution to Total Revenue Income (in Percentage)
2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Average
Property Tax 44.35 32.91 39.19 42.13 39.65
Profession Tax 7.38 5.90 5.59 8.83 6.93
Other Taxes 0.13 0.28 0.15 0.12 0.17

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CDP Chennai

Sl. No. Particulars 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06


Actuals RE
Total Taxes 51.86 39.10 44.94 51.08 46.74
3. Growth Trend (in Percentage)
2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Average
Property Tax -- (3.39) 26.17 6.75 9.84
Profession Tax -- 4.18 0.34 56.78 20.44
Other Taxes -- 193.75 (43.26) (18.75) 43.91
Total Taxes -- (1.83) 21.76 12.89 10.94
Source: Data Provided by the Corporation of Chennai 2006

The total property tax assessments in the CoC were about 5.22 lakhs, resulting in a
property tax demand of about Rs. 216.95 crores for the year 2004-05. The total collection
of property tax (both current and arrears) have increased from 169.50 crores during 2001-
02 to Rs. 220.54 crores during 2004-05, indicating an average annual growth of about 9.84
percent with an average contribution of 39.65 percent to the total revenue receipts. It may
be noted that there was no tax revision during this period and the increase is only due to
the increase in number of assessments during this period. During this period, the number
of assessments has increased at about 8.78 percent on an average annually.

During the same period, professional tax component has recorded an increase from Rs.
28.20 crores during the year 2001-02 to Rs. 46.22 crores during the year 2004-05,
indicating an average annual increase of about 20.44 percent with average contribution of
about 6.93 percent to the total revenue receipts/income of the CoC. The contribution of
other taxes to the total revenue receipts was negligible. As a whole, the receipts / income
from taxes alone has contributed an average of about 46.74 percent to the total revenue
receipts/income of the CoC, with an average annual growth of about 10.94 percent.

10.3.5 Receipts/Income from Non-Taxes

Non-Tax resources include all non-tax revenues like fees and charges levied as per the
legislation. Such revenue sources include income service charges & fees, sale and hire
charges and other income from properties, interest on investment, etc. Composition of non
tax is presented by graphically in figure: 10.5.

Figure 10.5: Composition of Non tax


The following Table 10.5 presents the Com position of Non-Tax Revenue (Avg.
year wise aggregate receipts/income of of Four Years from FY 2001-02 to 2004-05)
the CoC along with sectoral contribution
and growth trend in non-tax revenues.
Service
From the table and the chart below, it M iscellaneous Charges and
Income
may be observed that all sub-heads under 56%
Fees
42%
non-tax revenues have minimum
contribution to the total revenue receipts
of the CoC. As a whole, about 10.51
percent of the total revenue Sale and Hire
Charges
receipts/income was realized annually 2%

through non-tax revenues. The non-tax


revenues of the CoC have grown at about 10.58 percent per annum on an average during

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CDP Chennai

the assessment period.

Table 10.5: Revenue Receipts from Non-Taxes of Corporation of Chennai


Sl. No. Particulars 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06
Actuals RE
1. Receipts/Income (Rs. in Crores)
Service Charges and Fees 17.41 23.52 21.52 22.54 28.15
Sale and Hire Charges 0.43 0.04 0.18 3.80 5.58
Miscellaneous Income 24.63 25.44 31.73 31.01 37.69
Total Non-Taxes 42.47 49.00 53.43 57.35 71.42
2. Sectoral Contribution to Total Revenue Income (in Percentage)
2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Average
Service Charges and Fees 4.56 4.73 4.08 4.31 4.42
Sale and Hire Charges 0.11 0.01 0.03 0.73 0.22
Miscellaneous Income 6.45 5.11 6.02 5.92 5.88
Total Non-Taxes 11.11 9.85 10.14 10.95 10.51
3. Growth Trend (in Percentage)
2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Average
Service Charges and Fees -- 35.09 (8.50) 4.74 10.44
Sale and Hire Charges -- (90.70) 350.00 2011.11 756.80
Miscellaneous Income -- 3.29 24.72 (2.27) 8.58
Total Non-Taxes -- 15.38 9.04 7.34 10.58
Source: Corporation of Chennai; 2006

10.3.6 Assigned Revenue and Grants & Contributions

Assigned revenues include revenues transferred to the CoC by the GoTN under specific
acts. These are transferred to the CoC as their share of taxes levied and collected by the
GoTN. These include duty on transfer of property, entertainment tax, surcharge on sales
tax, and other assigned revenues if any. Among all these, duty on transfer of property and
entertainment tax is the most significant ones.

Figure 10.6: Composition of Assigned Revenue


The GoTN levies duty on transfer of
Com position of Assigned Revenue (Avg.
properties within the administrative limits of Four Years from FY 2001-02 to 2004-05)
of the CoC and transfers part of the same
to the CoC. Duty on transfer of properties Assignment
Duty on
from Tax
has grown at an average rate of about Revenue Transfer of
Propert y
1.97 percent per annum during the 38%
55%

assessment period with an average


contribution of about 21.27 percent to the
Surcharge on
total revenue receipts/income of the CoC. Sales Tax

Duty on transfer of property was forming 0%


Entertainment

about half of the assigned revenues of the Tax


7%
CoC on an average during the assessment
period. The Table 10.6 below presents the receipts/income through assigned revenues
along with growth trend and sectoral contribution to the total revenue. The composition of
assigned revenue is pictorially represented in Figure: 10.6.

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CDP Chennai

Table 10.6: Revenue Receipts from Assigned Revenues of Corporation of Chennai


Sl. Particulars 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06
No. Actuals RE
1. Receipts/Income (Rs. in Crores)
Duty on Transfer of Property 85.84 118.02 127.45 77.01 95.00
Entertainment Tax 12.14 13.37 12.00 18.19 16.00
Surcharge on Sales Tax 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Assignment from Tax 34.54 91.63 79.90 83.79 80.00
Revenue
Total Assigned Revenue 132.52 223.02 219.35 178.99 191.00
2. Sectoral Contribution to Total Revenue Income (in Percentage)
2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Average
Duty on Transfer of Property 22.46 23.72 24.18 14.71 21.27
Entertainment Tax 3.18 2.69 2.28 3.47 2.90
Surcharge on Sales Tax 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Assignment from Tax 9.04 18.41 15.16 16.01 14.65
Revenue
Total Assigned Revenue 34.68 44.82 41.61 34.19 38.82
3. Growth Trend (in Percentage)
2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Average
Duty on Transfer of Property 37.49 7.99 (39.58) 1.97
Entertainment Tax 10.13 (10.25) 51.58 17.16
Surcharge on Sales Tax
Assignment from Tax 165.29 (12.80) 4.87 52.45
Revenue
Total Assigned Revenue 68.29 (1.65) (18.40) 16.08
Source: Corporation of Chennai 2006

Similarly, the GoTN also collects entertainment tax from cinemas and theatres within the
limits of the CoC and transfer 90 percent of the total tax collection to the CoC, after
retaining 10 percent as collection charges. Entertainment tax has also increased from Rs.
12.14 crores in FY 2001-02 to Rs. 18.19 crores during FY 2004-05, with an average
annual growth of 17.16 percent during the assessment period. The entertainment tax
contributed about 2.90 percent of the total revenue while it was 7.38 percent of the
assigned revenue on an average during the assessment period. In addition, there may be
other assigned revenues by the GoTN to the CoC. Assignment from other tax revenues had
a contribution of about 14.65 percent on an average during the assessment period while
there was no receipts/income from surcharge on sales tax during this period.

The CoC received revenue grants from the GoTN to meet recurring expenses under
various schemes. However, the sectoral contribution of revenue grants to the total revenue
receipts was less than 4 percent per annum on average. Also, there was no consistency in
flow of grants during the assessment period

10.3.7 Revenue Expenditure - Summary

In order to review the revenue expenditure, the core (revenue) expenditures of the CoC are
broadly categorized under following heads depending on type of expenses:

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CDP Chennai

Figure 10.7: Trends in Revenue Expenditure


• Personnel Cost
o Salaries and Wages Trends in Revenue Expenditure
o Terminal and Retirement
Benefits 250.00

• Repairs and Maintenance 200.00

• Finance Expenses 150.00


• Other Expenses 100.00
o Operating Expenses 50.00
o Program Expenses
0.00
o Administrative Expenses 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
• Payments and Contributions F inancial Y ear
o Payment to Elementary
Education Fund Personnel cost Repairs and M aintenance
o Library Cess Finance Expenses Other Expenses

o Contribution to Capital Payments and Contributions

Fund
o Contribution to Mayor Special Devt. Fund.

Trends of revenue expenditure are presents in the figure: 10.7.

The type of revenue expenses during the review period are presented in the table below.
The base and basis of each expenditure head has been further elaborated in the subsequent
section. Summary of revenue expenditure of the Chennai is tabulated in Table: 10.7.

Table 10.7: Summary of Revenue Expenditure of the Corporation of Chennai Rs. in


Crores
Sl. No. Particulars 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06
Actuals RE
1. Personnel cost 194.39 197.07 200.00 207.05 244.19
2. Repairs and Maintenance 16.60 27.64 42.00 39.28 122.77
3. Finance Expenses 18.65 25.18 11.53 6.82 10.64
4. Other Expenses 49.45 75.30 81.51 97.05 115.06
5. Payments and 81.01 80.58 178.32 158.04 148.08
Contributions
Total 360.10 405.77 513.36 508.24 640.74
Source: Data Provided by the Corporation of Chennai; 2006

10.3.8 Personnel Cost


Figure 10.8: Composition of Revenue expenditure
The personnel cost includes salaries and
Com position of Revenue Expenditure
other establishment expenses. The (Avg. of Four Years from FY 2001-02 to
salaries include pay including personnel 2004-05)
pay, special pay, DA, interim relief, Payment s and
Contribut ions
HRA, CCA, allowances like cash, 28%

conveyance, medical and others and ex- Personnel cost


gratia/bonus. Other establishment 45%

related expenses include travel


Other
allowance, LTC, supply of uniform, Expenses

conveyance charges, hospital 17%


Finance
Repairs and
M aintenance
stoppages/reimbursement of medical
Expenses
7%
3%

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CDP Chennai

expenses, training programme expenses and staff welfare expenses. In addition, this also
includes retirement and terminal benefits.

The personnel cost of the CoC stood at Rs. 194.39 crores during the year 2001-02 and was
Rs. 207.05 crores during the last financial year (2004-05) with little change. The average
utilization was about 45.56 percent of the total revenue expenditure for the last four years,
with little/no change in the growth pattern. The salaries and wages component of the
personnel cost utilized about 32.99 percent of the total revenue expenditure while the
terminal and retirement benefits component utilized 12.57 percent of the total revenue
expenditure. The following table presents the year wise aggregate expenditure of the CoC
along with sectoral utilization and growth trend in Personnel Cost. Composition and
Expenditure on personnel cost of Revenue expenditure is graphically in Figure: 10.8 and
tabulated in Table: 10.8.

Table 10.8: Revenue Expenditure on Personnel Cost of CMC


Sl. No. Particulars 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06
Actuals RE
1. Expenditure (Rs. in Crores)
Salaries and Wages 142.69 143.13 142.59 148.91 167.01
Terminal and Retirement 51.70 53.94 57.41 58.14 77.18
Benefits
Total Personnel Cost 194.39 197.07 200.00 207.05 244.19
2. Sectoral Utilization in Total Revenue Expenditure (in Percentage)
2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Average
Salaries and Wages 39.63 35.27 27.78 29.30 32.99
Terminal and Retirement 14.36 13.29 11.18 11.44 12.57
Benefits
Total Personnel Cost 53.98 48.57 38.96 40.74 45.56
3. Growth Trend (in Percentage)
2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Average
Salaries and Wages -- 0.31 (0.38) 4.43 1.45
Terminal and Retirement -- 4.33 6.43 1.27 4.01
Benefits
Total Personnel Cost -- 1.38 1.49 3.53 2.13
Source: Corporation of Chennai; 2006

It is observed that about 45.56 percent of revenue income is spent on salaries and wages
(excluding terminal & retirement benefits), which is above the average or threshold
generally considered at 35 to 40 percent of revenue income. This high proportion of
establishment expenditure is one of the factors, which would affect the credit rating of the
CoC.

10.3.9 Repairs and Maintenance

Repairs and maintenance head include all repairs and maintenance related expenses like
buildings, subways, plants & machineries, roads, drainage, etc.

The repairs and maintenance cost of the CoC has increased from Rs. 16.60 crores during
the year 2001-02 to Rs. 39.28 crores during the year 2004-05 with an average annual
increase of about 37.33 percent. The expenses incurred on repairs and maintenance

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CDP Chennai

utilized about 6.83 percent of the total revenue expenditure on an average during period.
The following Table 10.9 presents the year wise aggregate expenditure of the CoC along
with sectoral utilization and growth trend in expenses incurred for repairs and
maintenance.

Table 10.9: Revenue Expenditure on Repairs and Maintenance of the CMC


Sl. No. Particulars 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06
Actuals RE
1. Expenditure (Rs. in Crores)
Repairs and Maintenance 16.60 27.64 42.00 39.28 122.77
2. Sectoral Utilization in Total Revenue Expenditure (in Percentage)
2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Average
Repairs and Maintenance 4.61 6.81 8.18 7.73 6.83
3. Growth Trend (in Percentage)
2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Average
Repairs and Maintenance -- 66.51 51.95 (6.48) 37.33
Source: Data Provided by the Corporation of Chennai; 2006

10.3.10 Finance Expenses

Finance expenses primarily include interest paid on the loans and other liabilities. Other
components like interest charged by the bank, other bank charges, lapsed deposit refund,
audit expenses, etc. are taken under administrative expenses. Table 10.10 presents the year
wise aggregate expenditure of the CoC along with sectoral utilization and growth trend in
finance expenses.

Table 10.10: Revenue Expenditure on Finance Expenses of the Corporation of Chennai


Sl. No. Particulars 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06
Actuals RE
1. Expenditure (Rs. in Crores)
Finance Expenses 18.65 25.18 11.53 6.82 10.64
2. Sectoral Utilization in Total Revenue Expenditure (in Percentage)
2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Average
Finance Expenses 5.18 6.21 2.25 1.34 3.74
3. Growth Trend (in Percentage)
2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Average
Finance Expenses -- 35.01 (54.21) (40.85) (20.02)
Source: Data Provided by the Corporation of Chennai 2006

The above table reveals that the interest paid towards debt servicing was about 3.74
percent on an average during the assessment period. There has been a decline in interest
paid towards debt servicing, indicating efforts on part of the CoC towards sustained debt
servicing and improving capability towards leveraging additional debts for city services.

10.3.11 Other Expenses and Payments & Contributions

Other expenses include operating expenses, program expenses and administrative


expenses. The CoC provides for payments and contributions to various funds within the
CoC, which include payment to elementary education fund, library cess, contribution to

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CDP Chennai

capital fund and contribution to mayor special development fund.

The following Table 10.11 presents the year wise aggregate expenditure of the CoC along
with sectoral utilization and growth trend in other expenses and payments & contributions.

Table 10.11: RE on Payments & Contributions of the Corporation of Chennai


Sl. No. Particulars 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06
Actuals RE
1. Expenditure (Rs. in Crores)
Other Expenses 49.45 75.30 81.51 97.05 115.06
Payments and 81.01 80.58 178.32 158.04 148.08
Contributions
2. Sectoral Utilization in Total Revenue Expenditure (in Percentage)
2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Average
Other Expenses 13.73 18.56 15.88 19.10 16.82
Payments and 22.50 19.86 34.74 31.10 27.05
Contributions
3. Growth Trend (in Percentage)
2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Average
Other Expenses 52.28 8.25 19.07 26.53
Payments and (0.53) 121.30 (11.37) 36.46
Contributions
Source: Data Provided by the Corporation of Chennai 2006

From the above table, it may be observed that other expenses had a utilization of about
16.82 percent of the total revenue expenditure while that of payments & contributions was
about 27.05 percent on an average during the assessment period. The growth trends in both
the cases were inconsistent and thus no specific trend pattern could be established.

10.4 Capital Account

10.4.1 Capital Receipts/Income - Sources


Figure 10.9: Composition of Capital Receipts
Contributions and income from any sale Com position of Capital Receipts (Avg. of
proceeds. The detailed components of Four Years from FY 2001-02 to 2004-05)
capital income are enumerated in the table Loans
below. An analysis of this account over 15%

the past four years indicates that the loans Grant s


contributed 15 percent of the capital 10%

income against 10 percent grants and


contributions. However, major proportion Transf er f rom
(about three-fourth) of the capital receipts CoC Funds
75%
was in the form of transfer from the CoC
funds like Revenue Funds, Elementary
Education Fund, and Improvement
Charges for Private Streets and Mayor Special Development Fund. This pattern indicates
right utilization by the CoC, its credit worthiness2 and taking up capital asset creation.

2 The Corporation of Chennai has been rated AA(so)/stable recently (January 16, 2006) by CRISIL Ratings

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CDP Chennai

Table: 10.12 and Figure 10.9 represents the capital receipts and composition of capital
receipts.

Table 10.12: Capital Receipts of the Corporation of Chennai Rs. in Crores


Sl. No. Particulars 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Average
Actuals
1. Loans 25.55 22.49 10.00 15.40 18.36
2. Grants 13.14 0.40 10.30 24.08 11.98
3. Transfer from CoC Funds 48.44 45.61 161.36 122.91 94.58
Total 87.13 68.50 181.66 162.39 124.92
Source: Data Provided by the Corporation of Chennai; 2006

10.4.2 Capital Expenditure - Items

Figure 10.10: Composition of Capital expenditure


Majority of capital expenditure has been Com position of Capital Expenditure (Avg.
directed towards roads and buildings with of Four Years from FY 2001-02 to 2004-05)
about 78 percent utilization. As such, the Basic
Amenit ies
Ot her Capit al
Solid Waste Works
capital expenditure pattern is consistent M anagement 3% 7%

with equal proportion of spending in each 1%


Storm Wat er

sector. The table below provides detailed Drains


8%
break-up year wise, for the capital St reet Light ing
expenditure pattern of the CoC. Analysis 3%

of capital income and capital expenditure


indicates that the capital account has Roads &
Buildings
been in surplus during last two years (FY 78%

2003-04 &FY 2004-05) mainly due to


excess transfer of funds from the funds of the CoC. The capital expenditure and
composition is represented in Table: 10.13 and Figure: 10.10

Table 10.13: Capital Expenditure of the Corporation of Chennai Rs. in Crores


Sl. No. Particulars 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Average
Actuals
1. Roads & Buildings 81.11 58.32 133.64 99.35 93.11
2. Street Lighting 4.61 2.09 4.61 4.82 4.03
3. Storm Water Drains 5.64 1.85 16.02 15.65 9.79
4. Solid Waste Management 2.64 0.04 1.46 2.18 1.58
5. Basic Amenities 3.63 1.54 3.66 3.56 3.10
6. Other Capital Works 5.28 8.09 9.72 9.84 8.23
Total 102.91 71.93 169.11 135.40 119.84
Source: Data Provided by the Corporation of Chennai; 2006

10.5 Key Financial Indicators

To assess the financial situation and performance of the CoC, certain key financial
indictors have been generated. Following are heads under which specific indicators of
financial status and performance of the CoC has been assessed.

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CDP Chennai

• Resource Mobilization;
• Expenditure Management; and
• Debt and Liability Management.

The following Table 10.14 provides performance of various key financial indicators in
CoC during the assessment period

Table 10.14: Performance of Key Financial Indicators in Corporation of Chennai


Sl. No. Particulars 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Average
Actuals
1. Operating Ratio 0.94 0.82 0.97 0.97 0.93
2. Capital Utilization Ratio 1.18 1.05 0.93 0.83 1.00
(Cap. Exp. to Cap. Inc.)
3. Debt Servicing Ratio (DS 9.93 11.84 35.45 12.36 17.40
Exp. to Rev. Inc.)
4. Share of Own Source in 62.97 48.94 55.07 62.04 57.26
Total Rev. Inc.
5. Establishment Exp. as % 50.87 39.60 37.94 39.55 41.99
of Total Rev. Inc.
6. Establishment Exp. to 53.98 48.57 38.96 40.74 45.56
Revenue Exp.
7. Outstanding Loan to 0.91 0.63 0.26 0.15 0.49
Revenue Income
8. Outstanding Loan to 1.81 1.57 0.68 0.37 1.11
Revenue PT Demand
Source: Analysis based on the Data Provided by the Corporation of Chennai; 2006

10.5.1 Resource Mobilization

Indicators related to resource mobilization comprise of specific financial indicators that


reflect financial status of the CoC. The other financial indicators related to sources of
finances, their contribution and growth trends are discussed in detail in previous section.

10.5.2 Per Capita Income

Annual per capita income is a quick indicator to assess the financial capacity of the local
body. The per capita income of the CoC has been estimated as Rs. 1167. It has been
arrived at based on the revenue receipts during the year 2004-05 and the estimated
population during the year 2004/05.

10.5.3 Expenditure Management

Indicators pertaining to expenditure management comprise of specific indicators that


reflect the utilization pattern of local body. The growth trends and utilization have been
discussed in detail in the previous section. The other expenditure management indicators
include per capita expenditure, operating ratio and debt servicing ratio, which give an
indication of the financial performance/ management in the CoC.

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CDP Chennai

10.5.4 Per Capita Expenditure

Annual per capita expenditure has been arrived at based on the revenue expenditure during
the year 2004-05 and the estimated population during the year 2004/05. The per capita
expenditure of the CoC has been estimated as Rs. 1133. It may be observed that the per
capital income is higher than the per capita expenditure, indicating operational efficiency
of the CoC.

10.5.5 Operating Ratio

Operating Ratio is the ratio of revenue expenditure to revenue income and it indicates
financial position in terms of surplus or deficit. If the ratio is below one it indicates the
local body is in surplus. The average operating ratio of the CoC during the assessment
period was 0.93. It is noteworthy that the CoC always had operating ratio less than unity
during the assessment period.

10.5.6 Debt Servicing Ratio

Debt Servicing Ratio (DSR) is ratio (expressed in percentage) of debt payment (principal
and interest paid out) to total revenue income. This indicator helps in assessing the
implication of debt on the local body finances vis-à-vis expenditure for operation and
maintenance. It has been observed that the CoC had an average DSR of about 17.40
percent, which is well below the desirable level of 30 percent.

10.5.7 Debt and Liability Management

Debt management is a significant issue that needs to be addressed, especially in the wake
of urban local bodies having to approach the hitherto non-traditional sources of
borrowings, viz. the Financial Institutions and the open market. The urban local bodies
ought to plan their borrowings on the basis of their capacity to leverage operating
revenues. Moreover, the local bodies will have to ensure prompt servicing of the debt in
order to retain fair levels of credit-worthiness. This is one aspect where many urban local
bodies have defaulted in the past, due to various reasons. As a result, they end up
accumulating significant sums of overdue principal and interest.

10.5.8 Total Outstanding Loan

A review of the outstanding loan statement of the CoC, as on March 31st 2005, reveals
that the net outstanding debt liabilities of the CoC are estimated at Rs. 80.14 crores. The
Table 10.15 below presents the agency wise outstanding loans.

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CDP Chennai

Table 10.15: Statement on Agency-wise Loan Outstanding of the CMC Amount in Rs.
Crores
Sl. No. Name of the Agency Loan Outstanding as on March 31, 2005
Amount Percentage to Total Loan
1. Public Loan 10.65 13.29
2. IDA
3. ICDP
4. State Government 0.50 0.62
(Others)
5. Ways & Means Advance 4.00 4.99
6. MCP 63.03 78.65
7. ICICI Bank
8. State Government 1.96 2.45
(Revenue)
Total 80.14 100.00
Source: Data Provided by the Corporation of Chennai 2006

It needs mention that the ratio of outstanding loans to current (FY 2004-05) demand of
property tax is about 0.37, thereby indicating that the CoC is capable of leveraging
additional debt to finance its projects as this is well below the threshold level of minimum
2 and maximum 3 (generally considered by Financial institutions). Debt servicing
(including both principal repayment and interest charges) accounted for about 18.55
percent of revenue expenditure during the review period and the DSR (as percentage of
revenue income) is around 17.40 percent, which is still below the threshold level of 25
percent, considered by financial institutions. The debt servicing during the FY 2004-05
was 12.36 percent and was about 35 percent during FY 2003-04 (this includes takeover
loan of Rs. 56.20 crores), indicating the efforts on part of the CoC towards sustained debt
servicing and improving the capability towards leveraging additional debts for city
development.

10.5.9 Outstanding Loan Per Capita-Year 2004-05

The outstanding loan per capita however is not a performance or a status indicator, but it
gives a measure to compare the extent of borrowings/ debt liability by the CoC. The
analysis indicates that the outstanding debt per capita was about Rs. 179 per capita.

10.6 Finances of Other Urban Local Bodies

10.6.1 Municipal Finances - An Overview

As stated earlier, the first part of this report covered urban (municipal) financial
assessment of the Corporation of Chennai while this part of the report covers all 8 (eight)
Municipalities and 6 (six) upgraded Urban local bodies. The finances of the 14 (fourteen)
Urban local bodies have been reviewed based on the financial information provided by the
respective Urban local bodies for the financial years 2000-01, 2001-02, 2002-03 and 2003-
04 including budget provision for year 2004-05. The analysis includes a time series

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CDP Chennai

analysis of the income and expenditure of the Urban local bodies to ascertain the trends
and the major sources and uses. In addition to this, certain key financial indictors relating
to property tax, water charges, per capita income, per capita expenditure and debt
servicing, have been generated and analyzed to assess the financial performance of the
Urban local bodies covered under this assessment.

It may be noted that all the Municipalities were operating on accrual based accounting
system, where as recently upgraded urban local bodies (erstwhile Town Panchayats) were
operating on cash based accounting system. Accordingly, the financial analysis has been
carried out separately based on the system of accounting practices. Following tables: 10.16
present summary of general accounts for different category of Urban local bodies covered
under this assignment

Municipalities

For the 8 (eight) Municipalities located within the CMA, operating on accrual based
accounting, it may be seen that the revenue account receipts excluding depreciation and
prior year income/expenses of the Municipalities has increased from Rs. 77.32 crores in
year 2000-01 to Rs. 90.98 crores during the year 2003-04, indicating a compounded
growth at a rate of 5.89 percent per annum during the four-year period. From the table
below, it may be observed that the revenue receipts have grown at an average increase of
about 5.91 percent per annum.

Table 10.16: Summary of Municipal Finances for Municipalities Rs. in Lakhs


Sl. No. Particulars 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
Actuals Budget
1. Summary of General Accounts (excluding opening balances, depreciation and
prior year income/expenses)
Receipts/Income 7731.72 7403.77 8616.88 9097.62 10276.13
Expenditure 4177.78 5321.14 4767.88 5243.25 8401.77
Surplus/Deficit 3553.94 2082.63 3849.00 3854.37 1874.36
2. Growth Trend (in Percentage)
2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 Average
Receipts/Income (4.24) 16.39 5.58 5.91
Expenditure 27.37 (10.40) 9.97 8.98
Source: Data Provided by the Urban Local Bodies

Figure 10.11: Trends in Revenue Receipts


During the same period, the revenue Trend in Revenue Receipts and
expenditure has also increased from Rs. Expenditure for Municipalities
41.78 crores to 52.43 crores, indicating an 12000
average compounded increase of about 8.50 10000

percent per annum. The figures in the table 8000

above also indicate that the revenue 6000


4000
expenditure have also registered an increase 2000
of about 8.98 percent per annum on an 0
2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
average. The Chart presents the trend in F inancial Y ear
receipts and expenditure for all 8
Municipalities located within CMA. Receipts/ Income Expenditure

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CDP Chennai

Upgraded Urban local bodies

It may be seen that the revenue account receipts excluding opening balances and
advances/deposits of the 6 (six) upgraded Urban local bodies (erstwhile Town Panchayats)
has increased from Rs. 9.56 crores in year 2000-01 to Rs. 17.29 crores during the year
2003-04, indicating a compounded growth at a rate of 26.95 percent per annum during the
four-year period. The table: 10.17 below also indicate that the revenue receipts/income of
the 6 upgraded ULBs have increased at an average rate of about 41.40 percent per annum.
Trends of Revenue receipts shows in Figure: 10.12.

Table 10.17: MF for Upgraded ULBs- Rs. in Lakhs


Sl. No. Particulars 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
Actuals Budget
1. Summary of General Accounts (excluding opening balances, advances and
deposits)
Receipts/Income 956.07 702.22 1781.40 1728.96 1817.72
Expenditure 814.13 628.65 1137.35 1269.44 1388.54
Surplus/Deficit 141.93 73.56 644.04 459.52 429.18
2. Growth Trend (in Percentage)
2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 Average
Receipts/Income (26.55) 153.68 (2.94) 41.40
Expenditure (22.78) 80.92 11.61 23.25
Source: Data Provided by the Urban Local Bodies

Figure 10.12: Trend in Revenue receipts


During the period FY 2000-01 to FY
2003-04, the revenue expenditure has Trend in Revenue Receipts and
Expenditure for Upgraded ULBs
also increased from Rs. 8.14 crores to
2000
12.69 crores, indicating an average
compounded increase of about 18.64 1500

percent per annum (an average annual 1000

increase of about 23.25 percent). The 500


figures in the table above indicate the
0
accounts status at the aggregate level 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05

for 6 upgraded ULBs (erstwhile Town F inancial Y ear

Panchayats). The Chart also presents Receipt s/Income Expendit ure


the trend in receipts and expenditure
for 6 upgraded ULBs.

10.6.2 Key Revenue Drivers

In order to review the revenue account, the core revenue drivers/receipts of the ULBs are
broadly categorized under following heads depending on the source of receipts, viz.

• Tax Revenues
o Property Tax
o Professional Tax
o Other Taxes
• Non-Tax Revenues

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CDP Chennai

o Water Charges
o Service Charges and Fees (excluding Water Charges)
o Sale and Hire Charges
• Other Income
o Assigned Revenue
o Grants and Contributions
o Devolution Fund
• Other Grants and Contributions

However, the above categorization varies slightly with the upgraded ULBs (erstwhile
Town Panchayats) as the accounting practices vary.

10.6.3 Receipts/Income from Taxes

Receipts/income from taxes includes all taxes levied and collected directly by the ULBs.
These include property tax and professional tax, which are the more significant taxes and
other taxes like pilgrim tax, tax on carriages & animals, tax on carts, servant tax,
advertisement tax and others.

Property Tax was the single largest source of revenue of the ULBs and was levied as a
percentage of the Annual Rateable Value (ARV) of all Real Properties (including built-up
and vacant land) within in the administrative jurisdiction of the respective ULBs. The
other major tax item is the profession tax levied on all registered employed professionals
and establishments in the organized sector. Other taxes included pilgrim tax, tax on
carriages & animals, tax on carts, servant tax, advertisement tax and others.

Municipalities

The following Table: 10.18 presents the year wise aggregate receipts/income of 8
Municipalities along with sectoral contribution and growth trend in taxes.

Table 10.18: Revenue Receipts from Taxes of Municipalities


Sl. No. Particulars 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
Actual Budget
1. Receipts/Income (Rs. in Lakhs)
Property Tax 2476.83 2724.35 2791.90 2897.72 3337.91
Profession Tax 446.24 483.09 484.26 490.14 611.64
Other Taxes 0.00 0.00 0.28 0.06 0.01
Total Taxes 2923.07 3207.44 3276.44 3387.92 3949.56
2. Sectoral Contribution to Total Revenue Income (in Percentage)
2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 Average
Property Tax 30.98 35.49 32.26 31.70 32.48
Profession Tax 5.58 6.29 5.60 5.36 5.95
Other Taxes 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Total Taxes 36.57 41.79 37.86 37.06 38.43
3. Growth Trend (in Percentage)
2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 Average
Property Tax 9.99 2.48 3.79 5.42
Profession Tax 8.26 0.24 1.21 3.24
Other Taxes (77.41) (77.41)

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CDP Chennai

Sl. No. Particulars 2000-01


2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
Actual Budget
Total Taxes 9.73 2.15 3.40 5.09
Source: Data Provided by the Urban Local Bodies

Figure 10.13: Contribution of R/I Taxes


The total property tax assessments in all
Sectoral Contribution of Receipts/Incom e
the Municipalities were summing up to from Taxes in Municipalities (Avg. of FY
about 2.47 lakhs, resulting in a property 2000-01 to FY 2003-04)
tax demand of about Rs. 32.75 crores for
the year 2003-04. The total collection of Grants and
Cont ribut ions Property Tax
property tax (both current and arrears) 22% 33%

have increased from 24.77 crores during


2000-01 to 28.98 crores during 2003-04,
indicating an average annual growth of Assigned
Revenue
Prof ession
Tax
about 5.42 percent with an average 21% 6%
Non-Tax
contribution of 32.48 percent to the total Revenue

municipal revenue receipts. It may be 18%

noted that there was no tax revision during this period and the increase is only due to the
increase in number of assessments during this period. During this period, the number of
assessments has increased at about 6.11 percent on an average annually.

During the same period, Professional Tax component has recorded an increase from Rs.
4.46 crores during the year 2000-01 to Rs. 4.90 crores during the year 2003-04, indicating
an average annual increase of about 3.24 percent with average contribution of about 5.95
percent to the total revenue receipts/income of the Municipalities. During this period, the
number of assessments has increased at about 6.82 percent on an average annually. The
contribution of other taxes to the total revenue receipts was negligible. As a whole, the
receipts / income from taxes alone has contributed an average of about 38.43 percent to the
total revenue receipts/income of the Municipalities, with an average annual growth of
about 5.09 percent.

Upgraded ULBs

The following Table: 10.19 presents the year wise aggregate receipts/income of 6
upgraded ULBs (erstwhile Town Panchayats) along with sectoral contribution and growth
trend in taxes.

Table 10.19: Revenue Receipts from Taxes of ULBs (erstwhile Town Panchayats)
Sl. No. Particulars 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
Actuals Budget
1. Receipts/Income (Rs. in Lakhs)
Property Tax 248.72 196.13 248.99 290.09 319.00
Profession Tax 30.83 29.47 27.73 18.20 19.68
Other Taxes 48.31 32.04 63.56 69.04 75.90
Total Taxes 327.86 257.64 340.28 377.33 414.58
2. Sectoral Contribution to Total Revenue Income (in Percentage)
2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 Average
Property Tax 22.37 23.67 13.18 15.45 16.84
Profession Tax 2.77 3.56 1.47 0.97 1.04

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CDP Chennai

Sl. No. Particulars 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05


Actuals Budget
Other Taxes 4.34 3.873.68 3.37 4.01
Total Taxes 29.48 31.10
20.09 18.02 21.89
3. Growth Trend (in Percentage)
2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 Average
Property Tax (21.15) 26.95 16.51 7.44
Profession Tax (4.42) (5.90) (34.37) (14.90)
Other Taxes (33.66) 98.35 8.63 24.44
Total Taxes (21.42) 32.07 10.89 7.18
Source: Data Provided by the Urban Local Bodies

Figure 10.14: Contribution of R/I Taxes


The total property tax assessments in 6
Sectoral Contribution of Receipts/Incom e
upgraded ULBs were summing up to from Taxes in Upgraded ULBs (Avg. of FY
about 58,389, resulting in a property tax 2000-01 to FY 2003-04)
demand of about Rs. 2.73 crores for the Assigned
Grants and
Contribut ions
year 2003-04. The total collection of Revenue Property Tax
6% 19%
1%
property tax (both current and arrears)
have increased from 2.49 crores during Prof ession Tax
2%
2000-01 to 2.90 crores during 2003-04,
indicating a average annual increase of Other Taxes
4%
about 7.44 percent with an average Non-Tax
Revenue
contribution of 16.84 percent to the total 68%

municipal revenue receipts. It may be


noted that there was no tax revision during this period and the increase is only due to the
increase in number of assessments during this period. During this period, the number of
assessments has increased at about 5.77 percent on an average annually. Contribution of
R/I Taxes are illustrated I Figure: 10.14

During the same period, professional tax component has recorded a decrease from Rs. 0.31
crores during the year 2000-01 to Rs. 0.18 crores during the year 2003-04, indicating an
average annual decrease of about 14.90 percent with average contribution of just about 1
percent to the total revenue receipts/income of 6 upgraded ULBs. Other taxes have
contributed about 4.01 percent to the total revenue receipts. As a whole, the receipts /
income from taxes alone has contributed an average of about 21.89 percent to the total
revenue receipts/income of 6 upgraded ULBs, with an annual average growth of about
7.18 percent.

10.6.3 Receipts/Income from Non-Taxes

Non-tax resources include all non-tax revenues like fees and charges levied as per the
legislation. Such revenue sources include income service charges & fees, water charges,
sale and hire charges and other income from properties, interest on investment, etc.

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CDP Chennai

Municipalities

Figure 10.15: Contribution of R/I from Non-Taxes


The following table: 10.20 presents the
year wise aggregate receipts/income of 8 Sectoral Contribution of Receipts/Incom e
Municipalities located within CMA along from Non-Taxes in Municipalities (Avg. of
FY 2000-01 to FY 2003-04)
with sectoral contribution and growth
Grants and
trend in non-tax revenues. From the table Contributions
and the chart below, it may be observed 22% Taxes
39%
that all sub-heads under non-tax revenues Assigned

except water charges received for Revenue


21%
supplying water, recorded negative Water Charges
Sale and Hire
growth rate. The contribution of the water Charges
Service
2%

charges to municipal receipts remained 0%


Charges and Ot her Income
10%
Fees
almost constant during last two years and 6%

recorded an annual average contribution


of 4.39 percent to the total receipts. However, during the same period, number of
connections has recorded an average annual growth of 3.39 percent. Among the non-taxes,
other income has a contribution of about 10.33 percent to the total receipts and these
primarily consists of income from properties, interest on investment, etc. and project
overhead appropriation expenses. As a whole, about 17.27 percent of the total receipts
comprised of non-tax revenues. Contribution of R/I from non taxes is presented I Figure:
10.15

Table 10.20: Revenue Receipts from Non-Taxes of Municipalities


Sl. No. Particulars 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
Actuals Budget
1. Receipts/Income (Rs. in Lakhs)
Water Charges 113.71 167.53 215.50 210.09 260.77
Other Service Charges 636.36 424.70 417.92 387.36 451.05
and Fees
Sale and Hire Charges 0.44 0.32 0.26 0.20 0.76
Other Income 1091.33 888.57 683.14 681.74 1062.10
Total Non-Taxes 1841.85 1481.13 1316.83 1279.39 1774.68
2. Sectoral Contribution to Total Revenue Income (in Percentage)
2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 Average
Water Charges 1.42 2.18 2.49 2.30 2.54
Other Service Charges 7.96 5.53 4.83 4.24 4.39
and Fees
Sale and Hire Charges 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01
Other Income 13.65 11.58 7.89 7.46 10.33
Total Non-Taxes 23.04 19.30 15.22 13.99 17.27
3. Growth Trend (in Percentage)
2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 Average
Water Charges -- 47.33 28.63 (2.51) 24.48
Other Service Charges -- (33.26) (1.60) (7.31) (14.06)
and Fees
Sale and Hire Charges (26.79) (18.63) (25.20) (23.54)
Other Income (18.58) (23.12) (0.20) (13.97)
Total Non-Taxes (19.58) (11.09) (2.84) (11.17)
Source: Data Provided by the Urban Local Bodies

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CDP Chennai

Upgraded ULBs

Figure 10.16: Contribution of R/I Non Taxes ULBS


The following Table: 10.21 presents the
Sectoral Contribution of Receipts/Incom e
year wise aggregate receipts/income of 6
from Non-Taxes in Upgraded ULBs (Avg.
upgraded ULBs (erstwhile Town of FY 2000-01 to FY 2003-04)
Panchayats) located within the CMA Assigned
Grants and
Contribut ions
along with sectoral contribution and Revenue 2%
0% Taxes
growth trend in non-tax revenues. From 27%
the table and the chart below, it may be
observed that the receipts from non-tax Other Income

revenues have been inconsistent and thus 63% Water Charges


2%
a regular trend cannot be established.
Service
Among the non-taxes, other income has a Charges and

contribution of about 67.05 percent to the Fees


6%
total receipts and these primarily consist of income from properties, interest on investment,
etc. As a whole, about 69.26 percent of the total receipts comprised of non-tax revenues of
the upgraded ULBs of the CMA.

Table 10.21: Revenue Receipts from Non-Taxes of other ULBs


Sl. No. Particulars 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
Actuals Budget
1. Receipts/Income (Rs. in Lakhs)
Water Charges 103.49 0.57 0.10 0.64 0.37
Other Service Charges 53.86 95.19 48.58 94.39 41.49
and Fees
Other Income 320.66 328.89 1304.96 1165.47 1269.76
Total Non-Taxes 478.01 424.66 1353.64 1260.50 1311.62
2. Sectoral Contribution to Total Revenue Income (in Percentage)
2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 Average
Water Charges 9.31 0.07 0.01 0.03 0.02
Other Service Charges 4.84 11.49 2.57 5.03 2.19
and Fees
Other Income 28.83 39.70 69.10 62.06 67.05
Total Non-Taxes 42.98 51.26 71.67 67.12 69.26
3. Growth Trend (in Percentage)
2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 Average
Water Charges -- (99.45) (81.98) 517.15 111.91
Other Service Charges -- 76.73 (48.97) 94.31 40.69
and Fees
Other Income -- 2.57 296.77 (10.69) 96.22
Total Non-Taxes -- (11.16) 218.76 (6.88) 66.91
Source: Data Provided by the Urban Local Bodies

10.6.4 Assigned Revenue and Grants & Contributions

Assigned revenues include revenues transferred to the ULBs by the GoTN under special
Acts. These are transferred to the ULBs as their share of taxes levied and collected by the
GoTN. These include duty on transfer of property, entertainment tax, magisterial fines,

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CDP Chennai

compensation for toll and other assigned revenues if any. Among all these, duty on
transfer of property and entertainment tax is the most significant ones. The GoTN levies
duty on transfer of properties within the administrative limits of the ULBs and transfers
part of the same to the ULBs. Similarly, the GoTN also collects entertainment tax from
cinemas and theatres within the limits of the ULBs and transfer 90 percent of the total tax
collection to the respective ULBs, after retaining 10 percent as collection charges. In
addition, there may be other assigned revenues by the GoTN to the ULBs.

The ULBs receive revenue grants from the GoTN to meet recurring expenses under
various schemes. Prior to the SFC devolution (which began from FY 1997-98), revenue
grants accounted for about 2 to 3 percent of the total revenue income of the ULBs. From
FY 1997-98 on implementation of First and subsequently Second State Finance
Commission recommendations to devolve funds to the local bodies from the State’s net
revenue to all the local bodies, revenue grants’ share in total revenue went up
considerably. The amount to be devolved as part of the SFC recommendation comprises
of mainly revenues from Sales Tax, MV tax, State excise and others that are constituted as
Pool B. Based on this recommendation the GoTN devolves 8 percent of the Pool B to all
the local bodies based on a prescribed formula to various categories of local bodies and
further, on a formula basis to individual local bodies.

Municipalities

Figure 10.17: Contribution of R/I form Assigned Receipts/Grants


It is observed that the assigned revenues Sectoral Contribution of Receipts/Incom e
had a negative growth rate during the from Assigned Revenues and Grants &
assessment period with a share of about Contributions in Municipalities (Avg. of FY
2000-01 to FY 2003-04)
2.54 percent to the total receipts. Grants &
Similarly, devolution fund and other Co ntributio n
Devo lutio n
grants & contributions also indicated Fund
3%

negative growth trend. This indicates 19%

that the ULBs are less reliant on GoTN Taxes


39%
fund allocation and generally managing
with their own sources of funds. The A ssigned
devolution fund had a contribution of Revenue
21%
4.39 percent to the total revenue No n-Taxes
18%
receipts/income on an average. The
Entertainment Tax has contributed
about 4 percent on an average to the total receipts. As a whole, about 6.93 percent of the
total receipts comprised of Assigned Revenues and Grants & Contributions, which
recorded a negative growth rate of 26.26 percent per annum on an average over the last
four financial years. Figure 10.17 shows the Contribution of R/I form Assigned
Receipts/Grants.

The following Table: 10.22 presents the year wise aggregate receipts/income of 8
Municipalities along with sectoral contribution and growth trend in Assigned Revenues
and Grants & Contributions.

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CDP Chennai

Table 10.22: Revenue from Assigned Revenues and Grants from Municipalities
Sl. No. Particulars 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
Actuals Budget
1. Receipts/Income (Rs. in Lakhs)
Assigned Revenue 1888.52 167.53 215.50 210.09 260.77
Devolution Fund 888.08 424.70 417.92 387.36 451.05
Grants & Contributions 190.20 0.32 0.26 0.20 0.76
Total 2966.81 592.56 633.68 597.65 712.58
2. Sectoral Contribution to Total Revenue Income (in Percentage)
2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 Average
Assigned Revenue 23.63 2.18 2.49 2.30 2.54
Devolution Fund 11.11 5.53 4.83 4.24 4.39
Grants & Contributions 2.38 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01
Total 37.11 7.72 7.32 6.54 6.93
3. Growth Trend (in Percentage)
2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 Average
Assigned Revenue (91.13) 28.63 (2.51) (21.67)
Devolution Fund (52.18) (1.60) (7.31) (20.36)
Grants & Contributions (99.83) (18.63) (25.20) (47.89)
Total (80.03) 6.94 (5.69) (26.26)
Source: Data Provided by the Urban Local Bodies

From the above table, it may be observed that the assigned revenues had a negative growth
rate during the assessment period with a share of about 2.54 percent to the total receipts.
Similarly, devolution fund and other grants & contributions also indicated negative growth
trend. This indicates that the ULBs are less reliant on the GoTN fund allocation and
generally managing with their own sources of funds. The devolution fund had a
contribution of 4.39 percent to the total revenue receipts/income on an average. The
Entertainment Tax has contributed about 4 percent on an average to the total receipts. As a
whole, about 6.93 percent of the total receipts comprised of Assigned Revenues and
Grants & Contributions, which recorded a negative growth rate of 26.26 percent per
annum on an average over the last four financial years.

Upgraded ULBs

The following table: 10.23 presents the year wise aggregate receipts/income of all 6
upgraded ULBs along with sectoral contribution and growth trend in Assigned Revenues
and Grant & Contributions.

Table 10.23: Revenue from Assigned Revenues and Grant of Upgraded ULBs
Sl. No. Particulars 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
Actuals Budget
1. Receipts/Income (Rs. in Lakhs)
Assigned Revenue 12.81 7.41 10.68 11.73 12.63
Devolution Fund 137.38 12.50 76.18 78.71 78.16
Grants & Contributions 0.00 0.00 0.62 0.68 0.73
Total 150.19 19.92 87.48 91.12 91.53
2. Sectoral Contribution to Total Revenue Income (in Percentage)
2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 Average
Assigned Revenue 1.15 0.89 0.57 0.62 0.67
Devolution Fund 12.35 1.51 4.03 4.19 4.13

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CDP Chennai

Sl. No. Particulars 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05


Actuals Budget
Grants & Contributions 0.00 0.00 0.03
0.04 0.04
Total 13.51 2.40 4.63
4.85 4.83
3. Growth Trend (in Percentage)
2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 Average
Assigned Revenue -- (42.15) 44.06 9.91 3.94
Devolution Fund -- (90.90) 509.22 3.32 140.55
Grants & Contributions -- -- -- 10.39 --
Total -- (86.74) 339.23 4.17 85.55
Source: Data Provided by the Urban Local Bodies

Figure 10.18: Receipts from Assigned Revenue and Grants


From the above table, it may be observed
Sectoral Contribution of Receipts/Incom e
that the assigned revenues consisted of only from Assigned Revenues and Grants &
entertainment tax, which has contributed Contributions in Upgraded ULBs (Avg. of
about 0.67 percent on an average to the FY 2000-01 to FY 2003-04)
Devolution
total receipts, with an annual average Assigned Fund
Revenue
growth rate of 3.94 percent. The total share 1%
6%

of 6 upgraded ULBs in the devolution


during 2000-01 to 2003-04 remained Taxes
25%
inconsistent due to the fact that they were
net devolution figures excluding the Non-Taxes
deductions made at source by the GoTN 68%

towards recovery of various outstanding


liabilities of the ULBs. In addition, these upgraded ULBs received an average of about
4.17 percent of their total receipts as other grants and contributions during the last four
years period. Figure 10.18 graphically represents the receipts from assigned revenue and
grants

10.7 Key Expenditure Drivers

In order to review the revenue account, the core (revenue) expenditure drivers of the ULBs
are broadly categorized under following heads depending on the type of expenses, viz.

• Personnel Cost
• Repairs and Maintenance
• Finance Expenses
• Debt Servicing
• Other Finance Expenses
• Other Expenses
• Terminal and Retirement Benefits
• Operating Expenses
• Program Expenses
• Administrative Expenses

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CDP Chennai

However, the above categorization varies slightly with the upgraded ULBs (erstwhile
Town Panchayats) as the accounting practices vary.

10.7.1 Personnel Cost

The personnel cost includes salaries and other establishment expenses. The salaries
include pay including personnel pay, special pay, DA, interim relief, HRA, CCA,
allowances like cash, conveyance, medical and others and ex-gratia/bonus. Other
establishment related expenses include travel allowance, LTC, supply of uniform,
conveyance charges, hospital stoppages/reimbursement of medical expenses, training
programme expenses and staff welfare expenses.

The following Table: 10.24 presents the year wise aggregate expenditure of 8
Municipalities and 6 upgraded ULBs (erstwhile Town Panchayats) along with sectoral
utilization and growth trend in personnel cost.

Table 10.24: Expenditure of Municipalities and Upgraded ULBs


Sl. No. Particulars 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
Actuals Budget
1. Expenditure (Rs. in Lakhs)
Municipalities 2020.86 2196.22 2069.04 1987.65 2427.47
Upgraded ULBs 178.80 158.39 177.73 204.57 229.40
2. Sectoral Utilization in Total Revenue Expenditure (in Percentage)
2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 Average
Municipalities 30.16 28.05 27.66 24.25 27.53
Upgraded ULBs 18.72 20.29 14.41 14.84 17.07
3. Growth Trend (in Percentage)
2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 Average
Municipalities -- 8.68 (5.79) (3.93) (0.35)
Upgraded ULBs -- (11.41) 12.21 15.10 5.30
Source: Data Provided by the Urban Local Bodies

Figure 10.19: Expenditure form Various Heads


The personnel cost of the Municipalities
Sectoral Utilization in Expenditure from
stood at Rs. 20.21 crores during the year Various Expenditure Heads in
2000-01 and was Rs. 19.88 crores Municipalities (Avg. of FY 2000-01 to FY
during the last financial year (2003-04) 2003-04)
with little change. The average
Other
utilization was about 27.53 percent of Expenses
P erso nnel
the total revenue expenditure for the last 28%
Co st
four years, with little/no change in the 43%

growth pattern. However, on contrary,


Finance
the personnel cost of 6 upgraded ULBs Expenses
(erstwhile Town Panchayats) stood at 14%
Repairs and
Rs. 1.79 crores during the year 2000-01 M aintenance
15%
and has increased to Rs. 2.05 crores
during the last financial year (2003-04)
with an average increase of 5.30 percent per annum. The average utilization was about 17

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CDP Chennai

percent of the total revenue expenditure for the last four years. Figure 10.19 represents the
expenditure form various heads

It is observed that about 28 percent of revenue income is spent on salaries (including


terminal & retirement benefits) in case of Municipalities while about 14 percent of
revenue income is spent on salaries in case of upgraded ULBs, which much below the
average or threshold generally considered at 35 to 40 percent of revenue income.

10.7.2 Repairs and Maintenance

Repairs and Maintenance head include all repairs and maintenance related expenses like
buildings, subways, plants & machineries, roads, drainage, etc.

The following Table: 10.25 presents the year wise aggregate expenditure of 8
Municipalities and 6 upgraded ULBs along with sectoral utilization and growth trend in
expenses incurred for Repairs and Maintenance.

Table 10.25: Expenditure on Repairs and Maintenance of Municipalities Upgraded ULBs


Sl. No. Particulars 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
Actuals Budget
1. Expenditure (Rs. in Lakhs)
Municipalities 512.39 1144.32 669.21 633.86 1127.61
Upgraded ULBs 517.92 373.54 698.02 787.08 957.86
2. Sectoral Utilization in Total Revenue Expenditure (in Percentage)
2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 Average
Municipalities 7.65 14.62 8.95 7.73 9.74
Upgraded ULBs 54.24 47.86 56.60 57.12 53.95
3. Growth Trend (in Percentage)
2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 Average
Municipalities -- 123.33 (41.52) (5.28) 25.51
Upgraded ULBs -- (27.88) 86.87 12.76 23.92
Source: Data Provided by the Urban Local Bodies

Figure 10.20: Expenditure from various Heads ULBs


The repairs and maintenance cost of the
Municipalities has increased from Rs. Sectoral Utilization in Expenditure from
Various Expenditure Heads in Upgraded
5.12 crores during the year 2000-01 to ULBs (Avg. of FY 2000-01 to FY 2003-04)
Rs. 6.34 crores during the year 2003-04
Ot her
with an average annual increase of about Expenses
Personnel
25.51 percent. The expenses incurred on Finance
13%
Cost
Expenses 19%
repairs and maintenance utilized about 6%

9.74 percent of the total revenue


expenditure on an average during period.
In case of upgraded ULBs, the repairs Repairs and
M aint enance
and maintenance cost has increased from 62%
Rs. 5.18 crores during the year 2000-01
to Rs. 7.87 crores during the year 2003-
04 with an average annual increase of about 24 percent. The expenses incurred on repairs
and maintenance utilized about 54 percent of the total revenue expenditure on an average

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during period for the upgraded ULBs.

10.7.3 Finance Expenses

Finance expenses primarily include interest paid on the loans and other liabilities. Certain
other components are also included as finance expenses like interest charged by the bank,
other bank charges, lapsed deposit refund, audit expenses, etc.

The Municipalities were paying about 5.79 percent of their total revenue expenditure as
the interest on loans on an average for the four years period while total utilization of
finance expenses was about 9.21 percent of total revenue expenditure. The upgraded ULBs
(erstwhile Town Panchayats) were paying about 5.96 percent of their total revenue
expenditure as the interest on loans on an average for the four years period. Both
Municipalities and upgraded ULBs were paying less than 5 percent of their total revenue
income towards debt servicing, which is below the accepted threshold level of 25 percent.
The following table; 10.26 presents the year wise aggregate expenditure of 8
Municipalities and 6 Upgraded ULBs along with sectoral utilization and growth trend in
finance expenses.

Table 10.26: Revenue Expenditure of Municipalities and Upgraded ULBs


Sl. No. Particulars 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
Actuals Budget
1. Expenditure (Rs. in Lakhs)
Municipalities 645.53 1008.18 539.17 581.95 521.73
Upgraded ULBs 91.08 61.10 38.53 46.24 53.76
2. Sectoral Utilization in Total Revenue Expenditure (in Percentage)
2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 Average
Municipalities 9.64 12.88 7.21 7.10 9.21
Upgraded ULBs 9.54 7.83 3.12 3.36 5.96
3. Growth Trend (in Percentage)
2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 Average
Municipalities -- 56.18 (46.52) 7.93 5.86
Upgraded ULBs -- (32.91) (36.93) 20.01 (16.61)
Source: Data Provided by the Urban Local Bodies

10.7.4 Other Expenses

These expenses include terminal and retirement benefits, operating expenses, program
expenses and administrative expenses. The following table presents the year wise
aggregate expenditure of 8 Municipalities and 6 upgraded ULBs (erstwhile Town
Panchayats) along with sectoral utilization and growth trend in other expenses.

Table 10.27: Revenue Expenditure on Other Expenses of ULBs and Upgraded ULBs
Sl. No. Particulars 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
Actuals Budget
1. Expenditure (Rs. in Lakhs)
Municipalities 999.00 972.43 1490.46 2039.80 4324.96
Upgraded ULBs 26.34 35.63 223.06 231.54 147.52
2. Sectoral Utilization in Total Revenue Expenditure (in Percentage)

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Sl. No. Particulars 2000-012001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05


Actuals Budget
2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 Average
Municipalities 14.91 12.42 19.93 24.88 18.04
Upgraded ULBs 2.76 4.56 18.09 16.80 10.55
3. Growth Trend (in Percentage)
2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 Average
Municipalities (2.66) 53.27 36.86 29.16
Upgraded ULBs 35.28 526.09 3.80 188.39
Source: Data Provided by the Urban Local Bodies

The Municipalities were spending about 18.04 percent of their total revenue expenditure
as other expenses on an average for the four years period. The upgraded ULBs (erstwhile
Town Panchayats) were spending about 10.55 percent of their total revenue expenditure as
other expenses on an average for the four years period. The growth trends in both the cases
were inconsistent and thus no specific trend pattern could be established.

10.7.5 Key Financial Indicators

To assess the financial situation and performance of the ULBs, certain key financial
indictors have been generated for each of the two category of ULBs covered under this
assessment. Following are heads under which specific indicators of financial status and
performance of the ULBs have been assessed.

• Resource Mobilization;
• Expenditure Management; and
• Debt and Liability Management.

10.7.6 Resource Mobilization

Indicators related to resource mobilization comprise of specific financial indicators that


reflect financial status of the ULBs. The other financial indicators related to sources of
finances, their contribution and growth trends are discussed in detail in previous section.

10.7.7 Per Capita Income

Annual per capita income is a quick indicator to assess the financial capacity of the local
body. It has been arrived at based on the revenue receipts during the year 2003-04
(excluding prior year receipts/income) and the estimated population during the year
2003/04. The following table provides the average annual per capita as per the categories
of ULBs, viz. Municipalities and upgraded ULBs.

Table 10.28: Average Annual Per Capita Income and Expenditure


Sl. No. Category of U L B Per Capita Income Per Capita Expenditure
(Rupees) (Rupees)
1. Municipalities 688.08 775.82
2. Upgraded ULBs 812.57 603.47
Total/Average 750.33 689.65

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Source: Data Provided by the Urban Local Bodies

Generally, the per capita receipts increase with the higher hierarchical status of the ULBs.
On contrary, it is an opposite case here with upgraded ULBs having higher per capita
income than the Municipalities. At an aggregate level, the per capita income of the ULBs
was about Rs. 750.33.

10.7.8 Expenditure Management

Indicators pertaining to expenditure management comprise of specific indicators that


reflect the utilization pattern of ULBs. The growth trends and utilization have been
discussed in detail in the previous section. The other expenditure management indicators
include per capita expenditure, operating ratio and debt servicing ratio, which give an
indication of the financial performance/ management in the ULBs.

10.7.9 Per Capita Expenditure

Annual per capita expenditure has been arrived at based on the revenue expenditure during
the year 2003-04 (excluding prior year expenses and depreciation) and the estimated
population during the year 2003/04. From the above table, Municipalities had the highest
per capita expenditure of Rs. 775.82 while that of upgraded ULBs was Rs. 603.47. At an
aggregate level, the per capita expenditure of the ULBs was about Rs. 689.65, which is
lower than that of per capita income.

10.7.10 Operating Ratio

Operating Ratio is the ratio of revenue expenditure to revenue income and it indicates
financial position in terms of surplus or deficit. If the ratio is below one it indicates the
ULB is in Surplus. The average operating ratio of all the ULBs covered under this
assessment was about 0.76. upgraded ULBs had poor Operating Ratio with about 0.86
compared to Municipalities, which had an average Operating Ratio of about 0.65, as given
in the table below.

Table 10.29: Average Operating Ratio and Debt Servicing Ratio


Sl. No. Category of U L B Operating Debt Servicing Ratio (Percentage of
Ratio (Ratio) Revenue Income)
1. Municipalities 0.65 6.00
2. Upgraded ULBs 0.86 5.76
Total/Average 0.76 5.88
Source: Data Provided by the Urban Local Bodies

10.8 Debt Servicing Ratio

Debt Servicing Ratio (DSR) is ratio (expressed in percentage) of debt payment (principal
and interest paid out) to total revenue income. This indicator helps in assessing the
implication of debt on the ULB finances vis-à-vis expenditure for operation and
maintenance. It has been observed that DSR was well below the desirable level of 30

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percent in both Municipalities and upgraded ULBs as indicated in the table above.
Municipalities had an average DSR of about 6.00 percent while that of upgraded ULBs
was about 5.76 percent.

10.8.1 Debt and Liability Management

Debt management is a significant issue that needs to be addressed, especially in the wake
of ULBs having to approach the hitherto non-traditional sources of borrowings, viz. the
Financial Institutions and the open market. The ULBs ought to plan their borrowings on
the basis of their capacity to leverage operating revenues. Moreover, the ULBs will have
to ensure prompt servicing of the debt in order to retain fair levels of credit-worthiness.
This is one aspect where many ULBs have defaulted in the past, due to various reasons.
As a result, they end up accumulating significant sums of overdue principal and interest.

10.8.2 Total Outstanding Loan

The agency-wise outstanding debt amounts for both category of ULBs is presented in the
table below. The total outstanding loan of 8 Municipalities, including the over due
principal and interest as on 31 March 2004 was Rs. 75.62 crores, while that of 6 upgraded
ULBs was Rs. 16.28 crores. It may be noted that GoTN loan account for about 25 percent
of the total outstanding loans of the all ULBs while that of other Financial Institutions
(mainly TUFIDCO) was about 58.29 percent.

Table 10.30: Total Outstanding Loan Agency Wise (as on 31/03/2004) Amount in Rs.
Lakhs
Sl. No. Category of Urban Local Body GoTN MUDF/ Other FIs Total
TNUDF
1. Municipalities 2183.97 1305.82 4071.75 7561.54
2. Upgraded ULBs 124.46 218.98 1284.95 1628.39
Total 2308.43 1524.8 5356.7 9189.93
Share in Total (%) 25.12 16.59 58.29 100.00
Source: Data Provided by the Urban Local Bodies

10.8.3 Outstanding Loan Per Capita-Year 2004

The outstanding loan per capita however is not a performance or a status indicator, but it
gives a measure to compare the extent of borrowings/ debt liability by different category
of ULBs. The analysis indicates that the outstanding debt per capita ranges from Rs. 675
for 6 upgraded ULBs while Rs. 557 for Municipalities. At an aggregate level, the ULBs
had about Rs. 616 per capita.

10.8.4 Non-Debt Liability

The general items of non-debt liability of the ULBs are payment dues to Tamil Nadu
Electricity Board, Tamil Nadu Water Supply and Drainage Board, Pension and Provident
Fund Accounts, Salaries and Library Cess payable to the GoTN.

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Table 10.31: Details on Non-Debt Liability (as on 31/03/2004) Amount in Rs. Lakhs
Sl. No Particulars Municipalities Upgraded ULBs
1. Library Cess 272.28 0.00
2. Provident Fund 191.54 0.00
3. Terminal Benefits 27.82 0.00
4. Group Insurance Schemes 69.68 0.43
5. Dues - TWAD Board 960.53 0.00
6. Dues - Electricity Board 71.01 0.00
7. Pay Commission Arrears 40.30 0.00
8. Others 0.00 0.73
Total Non-Debt Liability 1633.16 1.16
Source: Data Provided by the Urban Local Bodies

It may be noted that the 8 Municipalities together had a non-debt liability of Rs. 16.33
crores, while that of upgraded ULBs was Rs. 1.16 lakhs reported by Valasaravakkam. The
total non-debt liability of all the ULBs located within CMA was Rs. 16.34 crores.

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CHAPTER XI – VISION & GOALS AND STRATEGIES

Chennai Metropolis will become one of the few cities in the world with 10 plus million
population in about 10 years (i.e. by 2016). The challenge of Chennai would be to sustain
progress in development of physical infrastructure and social development in tandem with
economic growth.

Chennai remains as an attractive investment destination because of its conducive business


environment, relatively better infrastructure facilities and skilled manpower. Perspective
of physical planning in Chennai has to be multi-faceted encompassing economic, physical,
environmental and social dimensions of urban development.

The overall vision for the city and the prioritisation of the key sectors paved the way to
formulate sector specific vision and strategies. This sector specific approach with year
wise strategies and corresponding year wise investments will be instrumental in framing
the action plan/ implementation plan. The sector specific reforms and investments are an
integral part of the year wise strategies.

11.1 Vision

The Vision for Chennai in the next 20 years is to develop it as a Prime Metropolis, which
will be:

• Delivery of equitable services


• Economically vibrant, and
• Environmentally sustainable, and with
• Better assets for the future generations.

11.1.1 Strategies for Spatial Development of CMA

The spatial strategy for the development of CMA is outlined below:

• Earmarking space for various activities such as housing, commercial, institutional,


industrial and recreational use with integrated transport planning – rail and road
transport facilities and improvements to existing transport infrastructure to enhance
the mobility and accessibility.
• Incentives for location and physical development of I.T. parks /buildings and develop
the area along the I.T. Express Way as I.T.corridor Zone to allow I.T.and other related
development.
• Development of a Digitech city to accommodate the requirements of I.T. sector
including housing with all attendant infrastructure at international standards in an
extent of about 5000 acres identified at Thaiyur and nearby villages, to the south of
CMA, about 7 km from CMA limit (along IT corridor).
• Encouraging plotted – low – rise development with individual ownership with high
rise developments along wider roads by allowing MSB's in the rest of CMA. Also, in
order to have planned developments with large open spaces on ground which is

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preferable than low rise - high dense developments. In the MRTS influence, areas a
higher FSI is proposed to maximize the transport utility.
• In the aquifer recharge area in the south, restricted developments will be allowed to
meet the demand for housing, particularly for I.T. sector along this area without
reducing the recharge capacity in the area by rainwater harvesting methods etc.
• Considering its locational and other advantages, the I.T. corridor in south will grow;
governmental actions to provide required infrastructure would continue.
• Development of Thiruvallur and Gummidipoondi as satellite towns would be
encouraged to relieve congestion in the Metropolis.

11.1.2 Strategy and Action Plan for Economic Development

• Formulation of appropriate policy framework to enhance CMA's competence in new


economy industries such as Information Technology, Tourism and Bio-Technology.
• Development of SEZ for port based industries and a multi-product SEZ in CMA to
attract foreign direct investments.
• Development of specialized industrial estates at Sholinganallur and Perumbakkam for
IT sector- hardware and software industries.
• Encouraging development of small scale industries to achieve accelerated industrial
growth and creating additional employment in CMA by facilitating a series of fiscal
and infrastructure interventions.
• Up-gradation of industrial infrastructures in the existing industrial estates at Guindy,
Ambattur, Vyasarpadi, Taramani etc. to enhance the competitive attraction and
sustainability of these estates.
• Imparting vocational skills to enhance the capacities of unorganized sector and
strengthening of institutions involved in capacity building.
• Encourage investments by private sector to achieve economic growth and generate
substantial employment.
• Emphasis on development of infrastructure in social sectors such as health, education
and recreational facilities to compliment infrastructure creation and also to improve
standards of living.

11.1.3 Goals and Strategies for Water Supply Sector

Considering the current challenges the goals are identified. The city, especially the
surrounding municipalities are in short of adequate water supply network and access to
piped water supply. And moreover, the CMWSSB do not have adequate finances to
mobilize capital for augmentation of new water supply schemes. There is a huge demand
supply gap, which is likely to widen drastically in future. Detailed strategy is furnished
below which covers policy level planning, reforms, institutional strengthening, source
augmentation and service delivery aspects. The following are brief outline of the projects
taken up in the year one. The existing situation is presented in Table 11.1.

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Table 11.1.: Existing Situation of Water Supply


Sl. No. Components Chennai City Area Surrounding Municipalities
1 Access to Water Supply 98% 40%
Network coverage
2 Per Capita supply 90 lpcd 25-30 lpcd
3 O&M Cost recovery 80 % 60 %
4 Non Revenue Water 30 % 40 %

Vision

“The vision is to enhance customer satisfaction by providing pressurized continuous


quality water in an equitable, efficient, sustainable manner and create Chennai a world-
class city”.

Considering the above challenges, the following goals for different horizon years have
been identified in Table 11.2. The water supply coverage and access to piped water supply
in CMC area and surrounding municipalities’ needs to be enhanced to 100% by the year
2016. The per capita water supply should be maintained at 150 lpcd by increasing hours of
supply to 8 hours a day by 2011, 16 hours a day by 2016 and subsequently achieve 24
hours water supply daily by 2021. There is an urgent need to lower the Non revenue to
25% by the year 2011, 20% by the year 2016 and 15% by the year 2021 and 100% O&M
cost recovery is achieved by the year 2011.

Table 11.2: Goals & Service Outcomes for Different Horizon Years

Chennai City Area


Horizon Period
Sl.No. Component
2011 2016 2021
1 Network cover for general households 100% 100% 100%
2 Network coverage for urban slum 100% 100% 100%
households
3 Per capita supply 150 lpcd 150 lpcd 150 lpcd
4 Hours of supply 6 hours / daily 18 hours / 24 hours / daily
daily
5 24x7 water supply Four zones Eight zones All 16 zones
6 Quality of water Safe & Good Safe & Good Safe & Good
7 Non Revenue Water 20% 15% 12%
8 O&M Cost Recovery 100% 100% 100%
9 Collection Efficiency 100 % 100 % 100 %
10 Customer Satisfaction Good Good Good

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Surrounding Municipalities and Special Village Panchayats


Horizon Period
Sl. No. Component
2011 2016 2021
1 Network cover for general 60% 80% 100%
households
2 Network coverage for slum 60% 80% 100%
households
3 Per capita supply 100 lpcd 100 lpcd 100 lpcd
4 Hours of supply 6 hours / daily 12 hours / daily 18 hours / daily
5 Quality of water Safe & Good Safe & Good Safe & Good
6 Non Revenue Water 25% 20% 15%
7 Cost Recovery 100% 100% 100%
8 Collection Efficiency 100% 100% 100%
9 Customer Satisfaction Good Good Good

Other Village Panchayats in CMA


Horizon Period
Sl. No. Component
2011 2016 2021
1 Network cover for general 60% 80% 100%
households
2 Network coverage for slum 60% 80% 100%
households
3 Per capita supply 80 lpcd 80 lpcd 80 lpcd
4 Hours of supply 4 hours / daily 8 hours / daily 12 hours / daily
5 Quality of water Safe & Good Safe & Good Safe & Good
6 Non Revenue Water 25% 20% 15%
7 Cost Recovery 100% 100% 100%
8 Collection Efficiency 100% 100% 100%
9 Customer Satisfaction Good Good Good

Strategies and Action Plan

Detailed strategy is furnished below which covers policy level planning, reforms,
institutional strengthening, source augmentation and service delivery aspects. The
following are brief outline of the projects taken up in the project duration of seven years:

Comprehensive Water Sector Development Plan

To meet the future projected water demand for Chennai Municipal Corporation and
surrounding municipalities including the satellite towns, CMWSSB has proposed to carry
out studies and prepare a comprehensive water sector development plan. The plan would
identify the sources for future augmentation, which would be taken up as a priority.

Unaccounted for water

The water supply pipelines have an age of more than 30 years in the oldest areas of the
city and the water supply system has extended to newer areas around when the city grew
up. Though CMWSSB took up replacement of pipelines from time to time, due to

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financial crunch, it has not been possible to fully replace all the old pipelines. The board
proposed to implement UFW reduction measures in all parts of the city as an immediate
measure by conducting leak detection studies, rehabilitation of old pipe lines etc.

Removal of public taps and legitimizing illegal connections

By removing public stand posts and legitimizing illegal connections, water board can
achieve a reduction in revenue loss. Taking this into consideration, water board has to
made a proposal to remove public stand posts and legitimize illegal connections within a
period of 2 – 5 years.

Energy Audit Studies

CMWSSB is operating high head pumping to provide water supply to the city leading to
high power costs. The board proposed to carry out a detailed energy audit of all the water
supply pumping and distribution system to address the problems associated with energy.

Water Quality Studies and Monitoring

The existing water analysis can be upgraded in phases. The board proposed to purchase
latest equipments to upgrade the existing laboratories for analysis of chemicals and heavy
metals. In further phase, water quality equipment may be installed online at storage
reservoirs.

Design and Implementation of Communication Strategy

For successful implementation of any change management process, effective


communication strategy among key stakeholders is proposed. The proposed strategy will
draw upon a range of communication channels, from interpersonal and group
communication to mass media and electronic forms.

Human Resources Development

Widespread investments in the water supply sector without sufficient attention to human
resource development results in poor sustainability of system. Recognizing the urgent need
for capacity building at different levels in water supply sector, water board proposed to
develop human resources in their organization.

Modernizing Financial Management and MIS

The board proposed to modernize financial management by developing key performance


indicators and identifying best practices to improve finances, organizations, and human
capital practices. It is also proposed to take efforts on revising accounting, auditing, and
internal control standards and computerizing customer databases. The detailed project
component are presented in Table 11.3 and year wise implementation program is
presented in Table 11.4 and investment flow and invest plans are presented in Table 11.5
& 11.6.

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Table 11.3: Detailed Project Component


Sl. No. Component Chennai City Surrounding Municipalities
1 Source Completion and commissioning of ongoing Krishna Drinking
Augmentation Water Supply Project
Completion and Commissioning of Desalination Plants
2 Network Additional storage of 200 Additional storage capacity-150
improvement ML capacity Ml
Raw Water Conduits Distribution mains of 1200 Km
Distribution mains in 5 length.
zones of 300 Km in
length.
3 Refurbishment Replacement of old pipes Replacement of old pipes along
works along 350 km 200 km
Rehabilitation of existing Rehabilitation of existing service
service WTPs / Storage WTPs/ Storage reservoirs / Pumps
reservoirs / Pumps & & Motors.
Motors.
4 Water supply Network expansion and Network expansion and
improvements in refurbishments in refurbishments in notified slums –
urban slums notified slums 200 Km 150-Km
5 Quality Quality Assurance and Quality Assurance and
Surveillance upto Surveillance upto consumer
consumer service point service point
6 User Satisfaction Customer care service to Customer care service to meet
meet demand demand Implementation of Citizen
Implementation of Charter
Citizen Charter
7 O&M Cost recovery Outsourcing of bill Outsourcing of bill generation and
generation and revenue revenue collection
collection
8 Non Revenue Water Outsourcing of water & Outsourcing of water & energy
energy audit, effective audit, effective metering and
metering and billing billing
9 Affordability Based on consumers Based on consumers affordability,
affordability, provision of provision of cross subsidy for poor
cross subsidy for poor

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Table 11.4: Year Wise Implementation Programme for Water Supply Project
Component Activity Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7
Comprehensive Water Sector Development Master Plan √ √
Leak Detection Studies √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Energy Audit Studies √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Water Quality Studies and Monitoring √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Planning, Reforms Design and Implementation of Communication Strategy √ √ √ √ √ √ √
and Institutional Baseline Survey √ √
Strengthening Human Resources Development √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Establishment of Regulatory Authority √
GIS Mapping of Water and Sewerage Utility Mapping √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Community Initiatives Support √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Modernising Financial Management and MIS √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Source Augmentation √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Distribution Network Extension √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Rehabilitation and Modernisation of Existing Network √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Service Delivery Energy Conservation Measures √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Metering √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Piloting 24x7 zone by zone √ √ √ √ √ √ √
GIS Mapping & Refurbishment √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Citizens Relations Citizen feedback mechanisms established √ √ √ √ √ √ √
engagement

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Table 11.5: Year Wise investment Programme for Water Supply Project
Component Activity Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Total
Rs. Crores
Planning, Reforms Comprehensive Water Sector 2.00 2.00 4.00
and Institutional Development Master Plan
Strengthening Leak Detection Studies 2.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 9.00
Energy Audit Studies 2.00 2.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 10.00
Water Quality Studies and 1.00 1.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 4.50
Monitoring
Design and Implementation of 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 7.00
Communication Strategy
Baseline Survey 1.00 1.00 2.00
Human Resources Development 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 7.00
Establishment of Regulatory 1.00 1.00
Authority
GIS Mapping of Water and Sewerage 2.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 9.00
Utility Mapping
Community Initiatives Support 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 3.50
Modernising Financial Management 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 7.00
and MIS
Service Delivery Source Augmentation 330.00 630.00 640.00 500.00 500.00 500.00 500.00 3,600.00
Distribution Network Extension 200.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 800.00
Rehabilitation and Modernisation of 150.00 100.00 100.00 200.00 200.00 200.00 200.00 1,150.00
Existing Network
Energy Conservation Measures 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 70.00
Metering 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 210.00
Piloting 24x7 zone by zone 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 350.00
GIS Mapping & Refurbishment 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 70.00
Citizens Relations Citizen feedback mechanisms 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 7.00
Management established
Total 794.50 945.50 949.00 908.00 908.00 908.00 908.00 6,321.00

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11.1.4 Strategies for Sewerage Sector

Analysis from the sewerage sector reveals that sewerage network coverage is very low
predominantly in surrounding municipalities. The poor and slum dwellers lack safe
sanitation facilities and hence are prone to health related diseases. An enormous shortfall
is noticed in the treatment of sewerage resulting in discharge of untreated sewage into
water bodies thus polluting water bodies, classic case being River Cooum and Adyar river.
In addition to that, wastewater recycling and reuse is quite negligible. The existing
sewerage service levels are presented in Table 11.6.

Table 11.6: Existing Situation -Sewerage


Sl. No. Components Chennai City Area Surrounding Municipalities
1 Network Coverage (Access) 85% 20%
2 Treatment & Disposal 85% Septic tank disposal
3 Recycling / Reuse 3% ---
4 O&M Cost recovery 60% ---

Vision

“The vision is to create a safe disposal facilities to the community by providing high
quality sewerage services based on the principles of quality, equity, value and
responsiveness”.

Considering the above challenges, the following goals for different horizon years have
been identified. The sewerage coverage and access in Chennai Corporation area needs to
be enhanced to 80% by the year 2011, 90% by the year 2016 and 95% by the year 2021
and surrounding municipalities needs to be enhanced to 50% by the year 2011, 60% by the
year 2016 and 70% by the year 2021. By the year 2021, 95% of the wastewater should be
treated and disposed and 50% of the wastewater should be recycled and reused. In addition
to that, 100% O&M cost recovery is achieved by the year 2011. To enhance the coverage
of safe sanitation facilities, following goals have been identified and presented in Table
11.7 with different horizon periods.

Table 11.7 : Goals & Service Outcomes for Different Horizon Years
Chennai City Area
Sl. No. Component Horizon Period
2011 2016 2021
1 Coverage (Access) 100% 100% 100%
2 Treatment & Disposal 100% 100% 100%
3 Recycle & Reuse 25% 40% 50%
4 Customer Satisfaction Good Good Good

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Surrounding Municipalities/Special Village Panchayats


Sl. Horizon Period
Component
No. 2011 2016 2021
1 Network coverage (Access) 100% 100% 100%
2 Treatment & Disposal 100% 100% 100%
3 Recycle & Reuse 25% 40% 50%
4 Customer Satisfaction Good Good Good

Other Village Panchayats in CMA


Sl. Horizon Period
Component
No. 2011 2016 2021
1 Network coverage (Access) 30% 100% 100%
2 Treatment & Disposal 30% 100% 100%
3 Recycle & Reuse 10% 40% 50%
4 Customer Satisfaction Good Good Good

Strategies and Action Plan

Considering the current challenges and identified goals, a robust strategy for sewerage is
adopted to achieve 100% sewerage system. Detailed strategy is presented which covers
design and implementation of communication strategy and service delivery aspects. The
following are brief outline of the projects taken up in the seven years:

Comprehensive Sewerage Master Plan

To meet the current gap and future requirements for Chennai city, surrounding
municipalities and village panchayats, CMWSSB proposed to carry out studies and
prepare a comprehensive Sewerage Master Plan.

CMWSSB has taken action to conduct studies with the following main objectives;

• To prepare Plans and programmes to link the existing / ongoing sewerage system of
the local bodies
• Integrating the system with CMWSSB sewer system and
• To provide feasibility studies for providing sewerage system to unserved local bodies.

The study will cover provision of sewerage system with treatment and disposal
arrangements, including examining of reuse options with reference to the demand for such
water, nearness to Sewage Treatment Plants etc. for the Adjacent Urbanised Areas and
Distant Urbanised Areas in Chennai Metropolitan Area.

The Phase-I study covers the provision of comprehensive sewerage schemes for all the
AUAs and DUAs. The sewerage system includes the provision of sewage treatment plants
for handling the sewage either a stand around basis or grouping in the local bodies. The
outline proposal cost works out to Rs.1873.60 crores. The Phase-II study will cover
preparation of feasibility proposals for providing sewerage system to the remaining CMA.
The outline proposals cost for the sewerage scheme works out to Rs. 695.80 crores. The
study will also address the options on the issue of treating the sewage generation in a

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locally identified site or to integrate with the STP of CMWSSB and recommend the best
available option.

While planning the sewerage system the existing additional capacity of 264 MLD sewage
treatment created by CMWSSB will be fully utilised by collecting sewage from the
Adjacent local bodies as far as possible and the remaining local bodies will be provided
with stand alone treatment plants.

Energy Audit Studies

The board proposed to carry out a detailed energy audit of all the sewerage system to
address the problems associated with energy.

Sewerage Quality Studies and Monitoring

The existing sewerage quality analysis needs to be upgraded. The board proposed to
purchase latest equipments to upgrade the existing laboratories for analysis of chemicals
and heavy metals.

Design and Implementation of Communication strategy

For successful implementation of any change management process, effective


communication strategy among key stakeholders is proposed. The proposed strategy will
draw upon a range of communication channels, from interpersonal and group
communication to mass media and electronic forms.
Human Resources Development

Widespread investments in the sewerage sector without sufficient attention to human


resource development results in poor sustainability of system. Recognizing the urgent need
for capacity building at different levels in sewerage sector, board proposed to develop
human resources in their organization. The detailed Project components, implementation
schedule and investment plans are presented in Table 11.8 & 11.9 &11.10.

Table 11.8: Detailed Project Component


Sl. No. Component Chennai City Area Surrounding
Municipalities
1 Network coverage Branch sewers & laterals Branch sewers &
300 Km length. laterals 1400 Km length.
2 Remodeling of old 300 Km
sewers
3 Laying of Trunk sewers 70 Km 280 Km
upto STPs
4 Sewage Treatment 264 MLD 400 MLD
Plants
5 Recycle & Reuse To achieve 25% reuse To achieve 25% reuse
6 Awareness Campaign Sewer service utility Sewer service utility

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Table 11.9: Year Wise Implementation Programme for Sewerage


Component Activity Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7
Design & Implementation Comprehensive Sewerage Master Plan √ √
of Communication Strategy Energy Audit √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Sewerage Quality Studies and Monitoring √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Design & Communication Strategy √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Human Resources Development √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Community Initiative Support √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Service Delivery Network coverage √ √ √ √ √ √ √
(Sewerage) Remodeling of old sewers √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Construction of STPs √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Recycling Plant & Reuse √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Energy Conservation Measures √ √ √ √ √ √ √

Table 11.10: Year Wise Investment Programme for Sewerage


Component Activity Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Total
Rs. Crores
Design & Comprehensive Sewerage Master 2.00 2.00 4.00
Implementation of Plan
Communication Energy Audit 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 7.00
Strategy Sewerage Quality Studies and 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 7.00
Monitoring
Design & Communication Strategy 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 7.00
Human Resources Development 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 7.00
Community Initiative Support 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 7.00
Service Delivery Network coverage 50.00 150.00 150.00 150.00 150.00 150.00 150.00 950.00
(Sewerage) Remodeling of old sewers 50.00 50.00 50.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 550.00
Construction of STPs 50.00 50.00 50.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 550.00
Recycling Plant & Reuse 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 175.00
Energy Conservation Measures 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 35.00
Grand Total 187.00 287.00 285.00 385.00 385.00 385.00 385.00 2,299.00

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11.1.5 Strategies for Storm Water Drainage

The goals and service outcomes based on the proposed strategy for the horizon period is
presented in Table 11.11.

Table 11.11: Goals and Service Outcomes – Storm water Drains and Water Bodies
Sl. No Goal 2011 2016 2026
Macro Drainage
1 Flood Alleviation Recommendation 100%
2 Macro Drainage Recommendations (Pallikarani area) 100%
Micro Drainage
1 With in the City (Preparation and Implementation Plans) 100% 100 100
% %
2 With in ULBs (Preparation and Implementation Plans) 40% 60% 80%
3 Other Urban areas (Preparation and Implementation Plans) 25% 50% 80%

Primary Drain Rehabilitation and Improvement Program

The primary drains are inadequate to handle the flash floods as they are not systematically
designed and are not fully constructed. A significant reduction in depth and width are
noticed due to siltation and encroachment of drain bunds. To alleviate these, a
rehabilitation and improvement program is recommended. The program would aim at the
following:

• Improvement measures such as widening and deepening;


• Construction of side walls to confirm to uniform cross-section in built up areas;
• Diversion of drains at critical sections;
• Construction of cross- drainage works.

Drainage Rehabilitation Program

The flood prone areas identified are to be relieved of the problem in future by undertaking
a drainage rehabilitation program. As a part of this program, the leading/connections
between secondary and tertiary drains to primary drains have to be improved and
strengthened. In addition, control of weed growth, limiting the dumping of solid and
construction waste and controlling the encroachments would be given top priority.

ULBs would desilt the primary drains and tertiary drains on a regular basis before the
onset of the monsoon. The construction of new drains and connecting links would be taken
up as a priority, along with strengthening of the existing drains with lining and sidewalls.

Improvement Works and Construction of Tertiary Drains

Construction of tertiary drains would be taken up on a priority basis. As the city comprises
of only 769 Km. It is proposed to construct tertiary drains to all the major arterials and
important roads to increase the coverage and also to convert the kutcha drains to pucca
drains to facilitate proper draining of storm water into natural drains.

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Conservation of Water Bodies

As discussed, conservation of water bodies is an immediate priority for Chennai


Metropolitan area. Though initiatives are being undertaken, a large-scale program is
pertinent to restore the water bodies to their original shape and conserve them as recharge
structures.

Protection of Environmental Resources

The first and foremost intervention is the protection of environmental resources. Protection
of water bodies, waterways and open spaces from further encroachments would be carried
out in a co-ordinated way.

Rehabilitation of Ecosystems

Efforts would be made to develop an integrated catchments management plan suitably


connecting all the existing water bodies. Further, hydraulic capacity of the nallahs and
water bodies would be improved through widening and deepening and construction of
sidewalls thereby limiting the risk of floods. Desilting would be carried out to increase the
water holding capacity and to remove the toxic and hazardous materials stored in the tank
beds.

Monitoring and Quality Control

Monitoring of water quality parameters would be conducted on a regular basis.


Corporations and ULBs would take up the responsibility of monitoring the parameters in
the water bodies within its jurisdiction and would take preventive measures, if the results
were above the permissible limits.

Regulatory Framework

Efforts would be directed at enforcing appropriate water pollution related laws,


ordinances, regulations, and corresponding enforcement responsibilities and procedures at
the local level. In addition the conservation measures would include

• Dredging and desilting


• Widening & strengthening of lake bunds
• Setting up sewage treatment plants
• Bund formation
• Regulation of inlet and outlet channels

Action Plans

All the structural and non-structural measures recommended in the MMFR/SWD Master
Plan Study Report should be implemented to alleviate the existing flood problems and also
to ensure prevention in future during the plan period (considering more than 50% of the
2026 population is proposed to be accommodated in the rest of CMA, and the City will
also get densified additionally by 35%).

The lakes / water bodies should be protected from encroachments and existing

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encroachments should be evicted by the departments/agency concerned bringing the water


bodies to its original state. The lakes may be developed not only as a flood accommodator
and for ground water recharge, but also as open space with trees as wooded areas.

In respect of the Pallikkaranai Drainage Area and areas around, the recommendations
made in respect of protection of the marshy land in Pallikaranai village, development of
areas south of road connecting Sholinganallur with Medavakkam for electronic industries
(after provision of proper drainage system by PWD) to be implemented. The costs
estimated for flood alleviation measures and improvements to storm water drainage
systems in Chennai Metropolitan Area are presented in Table 11.12 and implementation
plan is presented in Table 11.13.

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Table 11.12: Year Wise Implementation Programme for Storm Water Drains
Component Activity Institution Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7
Capacity Identification of Problem Areas CMDA √ √ √
Building
R& R Planning CMDA √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Comprehensive Drainage Master CMDA √ √ √
Plan
Primary Drains Desilting & Removal of Weeds √ √ √ √ √
Rehabilitation
Widening & Deepening √ √ √ √
Construction of side walls & Lining CMA & ULB √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Diversion of drains √ √ √ √ √ √
Construction of cross-drainage √ √ √ √ √ √ √
works
Construction of Drains on major arterial roads √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Secondary &
Tertiary Drains
Drains on interior roads √ √ √ √ √ √ √
PWD &
Conversion from kutcha to Pucca √ √ √ √ √ √ √
CMWSSB
Rehabilitation of flood prone areas √ √ √ √ √ √
Rehabilitation of Nallas & Cooum √ √ √ √ √ √ √
and Adyar Riverbed Improvement
Conservation of Lakes √ √ √ √ √ √ √

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Table 11.13: Year Wise Investment Programme for Storm water drains
Component Activity Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Total
Rs. Crores
Capacity Building Identification of Problem Areas 1.00 1.00 1.00 3.00
R& R Planning 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 7.00
Comprehensive Drainage Master 1.00 1.00 1.00 3.00
Plan
Primary Drains Desilting & Removal of Weeds 34.08 34.08 34.08 34.08 34.08 170.40
Rehabilitation
Widening & Deepening 42.60 42.60 42.60 42.60 170.40
Construction of side walls & 24.34 24.34 24.34 24.34 24.34 24.34 24.34 170.40
Lining
Diversion of drains 28.40 28.40 28.40 28.40 28.40 28.40 170.40
Construction of cross-drainage 24.34 24.34 24.34 24.34 24.34 24.34 24.34 170.40
works
Construction of Drains on major arterial roads 14.55 14.55 14.55 14.55 14.55 14.55 14.55 101.84
Secondary &
Tertiary Drains
Drains on interior roads 14.55 14.55 14.55 14.55 14.55 14.55 14.55 101.84
Conversion from kutcha to Pucca 14.55 14.55 14.55 14.55 14.55 14.55 14.55 101.84
Rehabilitation of flood prone areas 16.97 16.97 16.97 16.97 16.97 16.97 101.84
Rehabilitation of Nallas & Cooum 14.55 14.55 14.55 14.55 14.55 14.55 101.84
and Adyar Riverbed Improvement
Conservation of Lakes 2.12 2.12 2.12 2.12 2.12 2.12 2.12 14.85
Culverts 20.00 14.82 34.82
Total 208.68 248.88 234.06 232.06 189.46 155.38 155.38 1,423.88

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11.1.6 Strategies for Solid Waste Management

The local governments would effectively involve the private sector in delivering the solid
waste management service. The rationale for private sector participation includes
attracting project funding, new technology, cost savings and service delivery
improvements.

Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan

A Comprehensive Solid waste management Strategic Plan has been evolved which
outlines the vision, goals and strategies to achieve the same. The vision of Chennai is to
“Provide to its citizens an environmentally friendly and sustainable waste management
system with complete safe disposal facilities by putting in place waste reduction and
recovery mechanisms. The goals and service outcomes are presented in Table 11.14.

Table 11.14: Goals, Service Outcomes for Different Horizon Years


Goal Time Frame
2011 2016 2021
Collection with in the city 100% 100% 100%
Collection with in the ULBs 75% 100% 100%
Collection in other urban 50% 100% 100%
agglomeration areas
Door to Door Collection -% 50% 75% 100%
Source Segregation -% 50% 75% 100%
Collection- % 90% 100% 100%
Scientific Disposal 80% 100% 100%
Waste to Energy Generation 40% 70% 100%
Cost Recovery of O & M-% 50% 75% 100%
Private Sector Participation Modest protocols in Complete in the Complete in
place Disposal the Disposal

Strategies for Improvement of Storage Capacity

Highest priority has to be accorded for Segregation & Storage at source irrespective of the
area of generation so as to facilitate an organized and environmentally acceptable waste
collection, processing and disposal. Source segregation of Recyclables and biodegradable
(organic waste) will not only provide an efficient way for resource recovery, but will also
substantially reduce the pressure and pollution in Landfill sites.

In order to achieve the above objective, ‘Two Bin system of Solid Waste Storage’ at
source is being recommended. As per this system, each of the households would be
directed to keep separate Bins/containers for Biodegradable and non-bio degradable waste
generated within their premises.

Strategies for Improvement of Collection Deficiencies

The following measures have been recommended for improving the primary collection
practices of Chennai City, Surrounding Municipalities and Village Panchayats.

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• Phased implementation of ‘Door to Door collection System’ through community


organisations and CMC and surrounding ULBs by mobilising, facilitating, organising
and supporting community activities with the help of local NGOs;
• Installation of ‘Community Storage Bins’ in areas where house-house collection
cannot be implemented;
• Expanding the ‘Voluntary Garbage Disposal Scheme’ for more number of
restaurants/hotels and commercial establishments and collecting user charges;
• Placement of dumper containers sufficient in number at markets for ensuring that all
the vendors place the waste in the containers;
• Persuading the hospitals to be part of the existing bio-medical waste management
facility in the suburbs of the city.

It is recommended to collect Non-bio degradable waste separately from premises where


door-to-door /kerb side collections are organised. Present system of primary collection
should be phased out by introducing Multi-bin carts (Push carts / Tricycles), semi
mechanized systems like refuse collectors. Separate collection vehicles should collect the
non-biodegradable waste stored in separate bin. The details of proposed primary collection
system are tabulated in Table 11.12.

Requirements of the Proposed Primary Collection System

Presently the city has 6,980 (which including ONYX collection bins also) dustbins spaced
at 398 m. The Chennai Corporation is being implementing “Door to Door collection” with
1,684 try cycles. Currently Corporation has a manpower of 10,130 sanitary workers, which
works out 274 m road length for each worker.

Table 11.15: Proposed Primary Collection operation System


Mode of Area of collection Primary Collection Secondary storage
collection Vehicle
Door to Door 1. Residential Multi-bin cart/Tricycle- 1.Bio-degradable in
colonies of High & with 6 of 40 lit capacity Skips/wheel containers
middle income bins-4 for Biodegradable 2. Non-biodegradable-
group waste, 2 for recyclables Sell or hand over to
waste collector
2. Closed vehicle to collect Direct transport to
Hotels/restaurants biodegradable Disposal site
Combination Mixed Residential, Tri-cycle- with Six bins Bins emptied to skips
of Kerb-side Commercial Areas of 40 litre kept for the waste.
&bell system
Large Fruit & Vegetable Carrying bins to transfer Skip / Dumper Placer
Community Market/ transfer point
bin system stations
Small Slums/urban poor Carrying bins to Transfer Transfer contents of
community colonies point biodegradable to
bin system community bins

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Strategies for Collection and Transportation

To improve the key information on vehicle movement and deployment of manpower in


Corporation, surrounding ULBs and village panchayats, it is recommended that a standard
register at the disposal site and transfer station be maintained. The register should contain
information on each of the vehicle trips at both the locations and the origin of waste
collection. A summary of this information would be prepared at the end of the day, to be
verified by respective heads of the department.

In order to address the collection gap, it is recommend procuring new vehicles of 5.5 tons.
In addition to the above sufficient Dual Loader Dumper Placers (DLDPs) are proposed.

Strategies for Improvement of Processing and Disposal

The characteristics and quantity of solid waste generated in the city primarily influence the
disposal options. A review of the available solid waste sample analysis results indicates
that nearly 60% of the waste generated in Chennai is organic nature.

Considering these aspects, it is recommended to develop a landfill site for safe disposal of
solid waste for the Corporation, surrounding ULBs and village panchayats. The disposal
strategies for CMA will be as follows:

• Compost the organic fraction of the waste;


• Sanitary land filling of inorganic fraction of waste and the compost rejects;
• Encouraging local level aerobic vermi composting.

Action Plan:

The consultants after conducting a detailed study in 1996 had given the recommendations
for a sustainable waste management system for Chennai Metropolitan Areas. The study
recommended a new CMA-Wide disposal organization “Metro Waste” be set up to
develop and manage sanitary land fill and transfer/haulage facilities through out the area.
‘Metro Waste’ should be structured in a manner, which distinguishes the ‘client’ function
(raising finances and controlling operational performance) from the ‘contractor’ function
(carrying out the services on a day-to-day basis). The structuring of metro waste in such a
manner will allow greater control over the environmental, operational and financial
performance of services. The year wise implementation and investment plan is presented
in Table 11.16 and 11.17.

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Table 11.16: Year Wise Implementation Programme for Solid Waste Management
Sl. Project Components Institution 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year
No
1 Replacements of 500 No's of Tricycles for Door √ √ √ √ √ √ √
- Step Collection

2 Purchase of 12000 No's of Plastic Bins for Tri- √ √ √ √ √ √ √


cycles
3 Recruitment of Man Power 3000 S.W's for CMC & √
privatised Zones for Sweeping Collection and ULBs &
Transportation SVP & VP
4 Purchase of 1000 No's of Roto Molded Wheeled & CMA √ √ √ √ √ √
Bins
Secondary Collection & Transportation
5 Purchase of 20 No's of HMV Vehicle for √
transportation of Garbage from Modernised
Transfer Station at Zone III
6 Purchase of 30 No's of HMV for Collection √
debris and Tree-Cuttings at 10 Zones
7 Purchase of 5 No's of prime movers for dumper √
places bins
8 Replacement of 50 No's of HMV for collection √ √ √ √ √ √
of Garbage
9 Replacement of 30 No's of LMV for collection √ √ √ √ √ √
of Garbage
10 Purchase of 80 No's of HMV and 60 No's of √
LMV for attending Conservancy in Zone VI,
VIII & X CMC &
11 Privatisation of Conservancy in Arterial roads ULBs & √
12 Providing Conveyer system facility at Transfer SVP & VP √
Stations for Sorting Garbage & CMA
13 Purchase of 2 No's of Heavy Duty Capacitors √ √
for KDG & PDG

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Sl. Project Components Institution 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year
No
Disposal & Treatment
14 Setting up of Compost Plant of 500MT Capacity √
at Kodungaiyur Dumping Ground
15 Construction of Maintenance Shed for √ √ √ √ √ √
Bulldozers at KDG & PDG, Setting up of Plant
for Manufacturing
Refuse Derived Fuel at KDG
16 Construction of Office Room, Toilet, Security √ √
Room at KDG & PDG, Construction of culverts
and Drainage System for Leachet Treatment at
KDG & PDG

17 Formation of interior roads for movement of √ √ √


vehicles at KDG & PDG, Construction of
Compound Wall all around at KDG
18 Erection of High Mast lighting 2 No's each at √
KDG & PDG
19 Setting up of Compost Plant of 500 MT √ √
Capacity at PDG
20 O & M Cost for compost plant at KDG & PDG √ √ √ √ √ √
21 Replacement of 50 No's of HMV and 30 No's of √
LMV
22 Construction of Modern - Transfer Station at √
Zone - V

23 Acquisition of New Landfill Site of 200 acres √ √


for future Deposal
24 Development of land for Scientific Engineered
Landfill
25 Land fill Improvements To KDG & PDG √ √ √ √ √ √ √
26 Slaughter House √

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Sl. Project Components Institution 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year
No
27 ULBS √ √ √ √ √ √ √
28 SVP √ √ √ √ √
289 VP √ √ √ √ √

Table 11.17: Year Wise Investment Programme for Solid Waste Management
Project Components 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year Total
Rs. Crores
Primary Collection
Replacements of 500 No's of Tricycles for Door - 0.50 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 2.30
Step Collection
Purchase of 12000 No's of Plastic Bins for Tri-cycles 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.48 0.54 0.36 2.82
Recruitment of Man Power 3000 S.W's for 21.60 21.60
privatised Zones for Sweeping Collection and
Transportation
Purchase of 1000 No's of Roto Molded Wheeled 0.11 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.12 0.12 0.56
Bins
Secondary Collection & Transportation
Purchase of 20No's of HMV Vehicle for 2.60 2.60
transportation of Garbage from Modernised Transfer
Station at Zone III
Purchase of 30 No's of HMV for Collection debris 3.80 3.80
and Tree-Cuttings at 10 Zones
Purchase of 5 No's of prime movers for dumper 0.40 0.40
places bins
Replacement of 50 No's of HMV for collection of 6.00 7.00 7.00 7.00 7.00 7.00 41.00
Garbage
Replacement of 30 No's of LMV for collection of 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 23.00
Garbage
Purchase of 80 No's of HMV and 60 No's of LMV 14.40 14.40
for attending Conservancy in Zone VI, VIII & X

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Project Components 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year Total
Rs. Crores
Privatisation of Conservancy in Arterial roads 4.00 4.00
Providing Conveyer system facility at Transfer 4.00 4.00
Stations for Sorting Garbage
Purchase of 2 No's of Heavy Duty Capacitors for 3.00 4.00 7.00
KDG & PDG
Disposal & Treatment
Setting up of Compost Plant of 500MT Capacity at 12.00 12.00
Kodungaiyur Dumping Ground
Construction of Maintenance Shed for Bulldozers at 0.72 20.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 44.72
KDG & PDG, Setting up of Plant for Manufacturing
Refuse Derived Fuel at KDG
Construction of Office Room, Toilet, Security Room 0.40 2.00 2.40
at KDG & PDG, Construction of culverts and
Drainage System for Leachet Treatment at KDG &
PDG
Formation of interior roads for movement of vehicles 0.72 2.50 2.50 5.72
at KDG & PDG, Construction of Compound Wall all
around at KDG
Erection of High Mast lighting 2 No's each at KDG 0.40 0.40
& PDG
Setting up of Compost Plant of 500 MT Capacity at 12.00 20.00 32.00
PDG
O & M Cost for compost plant at KDG & PDG 6.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 13.00 13.00 62.00
Replacement of 50 No's of HMV and 30 No's of 10.00 10.00
LMV
Construction of Modern - Transfer Station at Zone – 3.00 3.00
V
Acquisition of New Landfill Site of 200 acres for 99.01 25.00 124.01
future Deposal
Development of land for Scientific Engineered 0.00
Landfill
Land fill Improvements To KDG & PDG 50.15 71.68 100.34 32.22 40.43 25.91 64.24 384.97

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Project Components 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year Total
Rs. Crores
Slaughter House 20.07 20.07
ULBs 1.46 1.46 1.46 1.46 1.46 1.46 1.46 10.20
SVP 0.93 1.02 0.30 0.20 0.74 3.18
Village Panchayats 1.10 1.71 1.07 0.90 0.89 5.66
Total 148.60 135.13 151.38 161.51 96.37 58.33 96.48 847.80

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11.1.7 Strategies for Traffic and Transportation

Based on the present and future developments in CMA the following strategies would be
adopted for a sustainable transportation solution in CMA. Most of the above actions
necessitate a high degree of co-ordination between various agencies and hence a
framework for an integrated planning was recommended in the form of a Unified
Metropolitan Transport Authority in pursuance of National Transport Policy, which was
accepted in principle by Government of Tamilnadu (GoTN) in 1994. The transportation
strategy incorporated in the present Plan for CMA is in tune with the draft NUTP and is
centered on strengthening and promoting mass urban transportation from economic,
environment and energy consideration.

Vision

The vision of the ‘Traffic and Transportation’ for Chennai city is to provide with the safe
and reliable transport system that is sustainable, environmental friendly and to
significantly improve the share and quality of public transport service that would improve
the quality of life in the metropolitan area.

Table 11.18: Goals, Service Outcomes for Different Horizon Years


Sl. No Goal 2011 2016 2026
1 Road Network as % of Total Area 12% 15% 15%
2 Share of Public Transport 45% 55% 75%
3 Rail transport as share of total public transport 10% 30% 40%
4 Average Speed -km/’h 20 30 35
5 Sidewalks length to Total road length Half of 75% of 95%
the the of the
require require require
ment ment ment
6 Road accidents Reduce Reduc Reduc
d by ed by ed by
25% 50% 70%
Bus Route Roads
1 Improvement to Bus route road network in CMA 100% 100% 100%
Other Roads Coverage
1 Chennai city 100% 100% 100%
2 Municipalities 60% 80% 100%
3 Special village Panchayat and village Panchayat 50% 70% 80%
Flyovers and Grade separators at all major road intersections
1 Road/Rail crossings 100% 100% 100%
2 Removing bottlenecks at the locations where 100% 100% 100%
Railways have issued warrant and also where traffic
warrants
River Bridges
1 To improve connectivity, construction of river 75% 100% 100%
bridges at six locations where traffic warrants
Bus Transport Increase the modal share of public transport by
1 Replacing existing bus fleet 100% 100% 100%
2 Augmenting Bus fleet 100% 100% 100%

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Sl. No Goal 2011 2016 2026


3 Provide bus- stop shelters 100% 100% 100%
4 Coverage in the city area 100% 100% 100%
5 Coverage in the rest of the metropolis 50% 70% 100%
Road Safety
1 To reduce traffic accidents by traffic management 100% 100% 100%
measures With in the City
2 To reduce traffic accidents by traffic management 100% 100% 100%
measures within the CMA
Parking
1 Construction of multilevel parking complexes in 100% 100% 100%
atleast 6 locations
2 Improving on-street parking at about 100 locations 100% 100% 100%
Rail Transit
1 Metropolitan public transport by construction of 100%
new routes for a length of about 25 km. (extension
of MRTS)
Decongestion
1 Shifting of Food grains market from CBD to 100%
Koyambedu.
2 Development of truck terminal along western and 100%
southern corridors.
3 Development of Outer Ring Road 100%
CNG System
1 Introduction of CNG Gas as fuel for all vehicles 100%

Strategies and Action Plan

Comprehensive Traffic and Transport Study for the entire CMA

A CCTS is aimed to come out with sustained solutions for the entire CMA as a unit that
has financial and environmental viability. This also includes the current institutional
analysis, policy, financial and service delivery issues. The other strategies to promote
sustainable transport solution to the metropolis of Chennai include the following:

• Decentralisation of certain traffic- intensive activities from the CBD to the peripheral
areas.
• Continuance of mixed land use zoning concept
• Achieving an optimum modal split should be the basic thrust of the transport policy
for CMA. More new trips have to be attracted by and accommodated in public
transport to increase the share of public transport from the present 43%. The bus
system should act as a feeder for the rail system.
• Introduction of alternate transport systems - Bus-way, Light Rail Transit System
(LRTS), Electric Trolley Bus (ETB), Metro Rail, Mono-Rail, SKY BUS etc.
• Inter-model transfer facilities at bus and rail stations.
• Integration of the public transport systems by reorganisation of bus routes, pricing and
common ticketing arrangements and provision of inter-modal transfer facilities at
railheads; and
• Use of non-motorised modes to be encouraged.
• Concreting of city roads.
• Establishment of Unified Metropolitan Transport Authority (UMTA).
• Emphasis on telecommunication to reduce travel.

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• The concept of sustainable urban management (SUM) with an objective is to improve


the modal share of public transport systems from the current 43% to 70%.
• Pollution free transportation system by introducing innovative technologies for
motorised vehicles such as gas based engines, electric operated cars, etc.
• Travel Demand Management (TDM) to minimise peak traffic flows congesting the
city road network staggering the opening times of schools and colleges, weekly
closure of market centres, traffic calming, etc.
• Reservation of land for development of a rail transit at grade has also been proposed in
the case of the outer circular corridor (Outer Ring Road);
• Alternate transit options comprising either a bus transit option or a rail-based transit
option such as electrical trolley bus (ETB) or exclusive bus lanes, sharing the road
space, light rail transit system, Monorail, SKYBUS etc.
• A spatial strategy to permit high density development along transport corridors and in
peri-urban areas viz., higher FSI within the influence area of the MRTS corridor, ORR
etc.
• The current thrust in telecommunication, which has already improved the tele-density
appreciably in the last decade, should be kept up given the positive impact
telecommunications have on travel by way of reducing or eliminating the unwanted
travel;
• In view of the long gestation period required in conceiving and commissioning of
transport facilities, advance action should be initiated for block acquisition of lands
especially around major road intersections, road/rail and grade crossings;
• Implementation of recommendations and strategies suggested in Parking Policy study
for the metropolitan area.

The year wise implementation and Investment plan is presented in Table 11.19 and 11.20.

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Table 11.19: Project Implementation Programme for Traffic and Transportation


Componen Activity Institutio Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7
t n
Widening Strengthening and resurfacing of √ √ √ √ √ √ √
arterial, sub arterial and collect of roads to at
least 4 lane width
Elevated and highway and Flyovers √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Road/Rail crossings - ROB/RUB √ √ √ √ √ √ √
River bridges √ √ √ √
Link Roads √ √ √ √ √ √
Concreting of Major roads √ √ √ √ √ √
Junction improvements with white topping √ √
and Lands capping
Pedestrian Sub-ways √ √ √ √ √
CMC,
Bus lay-byes & Shelters √ √ √
ULBs,
Utility Duct and Storm Water Drains along √ √ √ √ √ √ √
CMA,
Major Roads
CMDA,
Peripheral Road Improvements √ √ √ √ √ √ √
TNSRTC,
Construction of mini fly over SCR, √ √
Concreting of City Roads SPV,VP √ √ √ √ √ √
Multi level car parking √ √ √
Road/Rail Crossings - ROB/RUB √ √ √ √
Improving Bus Route Roads (300 km.) √ √ √ √ √ √
Nesapakkam Road Widening √ √
Road works including bridges/culverts √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Road works √ √ √ √ √ √ √
MRTS extension from Velachery and √ √ √ √ √ √
Villivakkam (about 25 km)
Metropolitan Public Transport (Bus) √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Traffic Management Basic Infrastructure √ √ √ √ √ √
Needs

Monorail (about 300 km) SCR

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Table 11.20: Project Investment Programme for Traffic and Transportation


Component Activity Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Total
Rs. Crores
Widening Strengthening and resurfacing 242.86 242.86 242.86 242.86 242.86 242.86 242.86 1,700.00
of arterial, sub arterial and collect of roads
to at least 4 lane width
Elevated and highway and Flyovers 665.00 665.00 665.00 665.00 665.00 665.00 665.00 4,655.00
Road/Rail crossings - ROB/RUB 21.43 21.43 21.43 21.43 21.43 21.43 21.43 150.00
River bridges 20 20 5 45.00
Link Roads 235.71 235.71 235.71 235.71 235.71 235.71 235.71 1,650.00
Concreting of Major roads 39.71 39.71 39.71 39.71 39.71 39.71 39.71 278.00
Junction improvements with white 45 30 75.00
topping and Lands capping
Pedestrian Sub-ways 30 30 30 12 102.00
Bus lay-byes & Shelters 25 33.35 58.35
Utility Duct and Storm Water Drains 28.57 28.57 28.57 28.57 28.57 28.57 28.57 200.00
along Major Roads
Peripheral Road Improvements 28.14 28.14 28.14 28.14 28.14 28.14 28.14 197.00
Construction of mini fly over 20 28 48.00
Concreting of City Roads 20 20 20 20 15 95.00
Multi level car parking 48.33 48.33 48.33 145.00
Road/Rail Crossings - ROB/RUB 30 30 36 96.00
Improving Bus Route Roads (300 km.) 60.00 60.00 60.00 60.00 60.00 300.00
Nesapakkam Road Widening 7 7 14.00
Road works including bridges/culverts 96.45 96.45 96.45 96.45 96.45 96.45 96.45 675.15
Road works 68.62 68.62 68.62 68.62 68.62 68.62 68.62 480.32
MRTS extension from Velachery and 321.43 321.43 321.43 321.43 321.43 321.43 321.43 2,250.00
Villivakkam (about 25 km)
Metropolitan Public Transport (Bus) 185.71 185.71 185.71 185.71 185.71 185.71 185.71 1,300.00
Traffic Management Basic Infrastructure 711.72 711.72 711.72 711.72 711.72 711.72 711.72 4,982.04
Needs
Street Lighting 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.17 8.22
Total 2,951.85 2,953.22 2,845.87 2,738.53 2,721.53 2,646.53 2,646.53 19,504.08

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11.1.8 Strategies for Urban Poor and Action Plans

The goals and service outcomes based on the proposed strategy for the horizon period is
presented in Table 11.21.

Table 11.21: Goals and Service Outcomes – Basic Services for Poor
Sl. No Goal 2011 2016 2026
1 Network Coverage for slum households 90% 100% 100%
2 UGD coverage for slum households 90% 100% 100%
3 Adequately lit slums 100% 100% 100%
4 Adequate road link for the slums 100% 100% 100%
5 Pucca houses for all slum households 80% 100% 100%
6 Education for all in slums 100% 100% 100%
7 Slum Networking 100%
8 Primary Health 100%
9 Tendril Security and Affordable Housing 100%
10 Lively Hood for Urban Poor 100%
11 At least 20,000 LIG/EWS plots to be developed 80% 100% 100%
and allotted by TNHB & TNSCB
12 About one lakh house holds in slums to be 70% 100% 100%
covered by slum improvement, rehabilitation
programmes

The strategy formulated for reducing poverty in Chennai Metropolitan area includes:

• Provision of land tenure security


• Community empowerment
• Linking livelihoods to city’s economy
• Development of housing through partnerships - PPP
• Relocation of slums located in objectionable and vulnerable Areas
• Provision of basic infrastructure - both physical (water, roads, sanitation and
sewerage) and social infrastructure (clinics, schools, training facilities, etc).

The slums where lands are already available, the areas need only to be improved by
providing in-situ developments, whereas in the instant case it is proposed to rehabilitate
the families in multi storeyed tenements /individual houses in alternative locations with all
infrastructures like water supply, storm water drain, road, streetlights, sewerage, etc. Apart
from the tenements, spaces will be reserved for community facilities and other
neighbourhood facilities.

These families cannot be shifted far away from their existing places of living unless a
viable alternative solution is found. To make the rehabilitation programme viable and
successful it is imperative to construct shelter units well in advance and within the
Metropolitan Area to ensure trouble free and smooth rehabilitation, as otherwise their
sudden displacement would throw them out of gear. The construction of good storied
shelter units with adequate infrastructure will make the resettlement programme more
attractive and successful and stimulate the slum families to move to shelter units in
alternate places.

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In order to complete its mission, to ameliorate the conditions of the slums in Chennai
within a time frame, TNSCB, has programmed to create a slum free Chennai by 2013, by
implementing the following programmes during 2006-2013 for the holistic development of
Chennai.

• Accelerated programme for the construction of tenements in alternate places to resettle


all the slum families living in objectionable locations such as river margin, road
margins, and places required for public purposes.
• Construction of tenements in the alternate places depending on the density of the
slums and availability of lands and construction of tenements in the existing
unobjectionable locations in Chennai.

The slum demography for the different categories of slums in Chennai, strategy for the
objectionable and unobjectionable slums, funds required for the housing programmes
proposed under Chennai Metropolitan Development Plan for holistic development of the
slums in Chennai during 2006-2013.

Tamil Nadu Slum Clearance Board has programmed to construct 79,039 tenements in
Chennai city at a total cost of Rs. 1,319.96 crore during 2006-2013 to resettle the slum
families living in objectionable and unobjectionable locations in Chennai. The lands
required for this programme is under investigation.

The year wise implementation plan and Investment plan is presented in Table 11.22 and
11.23.

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Table 11.22: Year Wise Implementation Schedule – Basic Services for Poor
Component Activities Institution Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7
Planning, Development of Comprehensive data base √
Reforms and
Governance
Conferring Tenural Rights √ √
Evolving a policy on Notification and √ √
Denotification
Institutional Strengthening and Capacity √ √ √
Building
Providing Access to Social Infrastructure √ √ √ √ √ √ √
(Health and Education)
Evolving a comprehensive Livelihood Policy √ √
IEC √ √ √ √ √ √
Strengthening CBOs CMC, √ √ √ √
Service Relocations of Slums located in Hazardous ULBs √ √ √ √
delivery and vulnerable Areas CMA
Identification of Infrastructure and Housing TNSCB √ √
Deficiencies TNHB
Improvement in Infrastructure √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Development of Basic Services to the Poor √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Water Supply & Sewerage √ √ √ √ √
Roads √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Street Lights √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Community Toilets √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Construction of Storm Water Drains √ √ √ √ √ √ √
including primary drains
Environmental Improvement of Slums √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Solid Waste Management √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Civic Amenities, Community Halls, Child √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Care Centers
Rehabilitation of existing assets √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Housing Infrastructure √ √ √ √ √ √ √

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Table 11.23: Year Wise Investment plan for Basic Services for Poor
Component Activities Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Total
Rs. Crores
Planning, Development of Comprehensive data base 10.00 10.00
Reforms Conferring Tenural Rights 10.00 10.00 20.00
and Evolving a policy on Notification and 10.00 10.00 20.00
Governance Denotification
Institutional Strengthening and Capacity 10.00 10.00 10.00 30.00
Building
Providing Access to Social Infrastructure 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 70.00
(Health and Education)
Evolving a comprehensive Livelihood 10.00 10.00 20.00
Policy
IEC 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 60.00
Strengthening CBOs 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 80.00
Service Relocations of Slums located in Hazardous 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 400.00
delivery and vulnerable Areas
Identification of Infrastructure and Housing 10.00 10.00 20.00
Deficiencies
Improvement in Infrastructure 28.57 28.57 28.57 28.57 28.57 28.57 28.57 200.00
Development of Basic Services to the Poor 14.29 14.29 14.29 14.29 14.29 14.29 14.29 100.00
Water Supply & Sewerage 60.00 60.00 60.00 60.00 60.00 300.00
Roads 14.29 14.29 14.29 14.29 14.29 14.29 14.29 100.00
Street Lights 14.29 14.29 14.29 14.29 14.29 14.29 14.29 100.00
Community Toilets 14.29 14.29 14.29 14.29 14.29 14.29 14.29 100.00
Construction of Storm Water Drains 14.29 14.29 14.29 14.29 14.29 14.29 14.29 100.00
including primary drains
Environmental Improvement of Slums 14.29 14.29 14.29 14.29 14.29 14.29 14.29 100.00
Solid Waste Management 14.29 14.29 14.29 14.29 14.29 14.29 14.29 100.00
Civic Amenities, Community Halls, Child 71.43 71.43 71.43 71.43 71.43 71.43 71.43 500.00
Care Centers
Rehabilitation of existing assets 71.43 71.43 71.43 71.43 71.43 71.43 71.43 500.00
Housing Infrastructure 136.75 136.75 136.75 136.75 136.75 136.75 136.75 957.23
Total 498.18 498.18 628.18 608.18 588.18 588.18 478.18 3,887.23

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11.1.9 Strategies for Environmental Protection and Disaster Management

A detailed study of the hot spots in Chennai Metropolitan Area would be carried out
identifying the problem areas, hotspots, and proposing solutions for improving the urban
environment of CMA.

Action Plan

• Awareness generation, development of techno-legal regime, earthquake preparedness


and response plans, training and capacity building would be carried out covering
natural hazards.
• Increase in green cover in CMA through afforestation and implementation of tree
planting programmes with stakeholder participation.
• Conservation programmes to abate pollution to the waterways in CMA would be
carried out.
• Pre-disasters preparedness and pre-disaster management plans would be periodically
reviewed and up dated.
• Amendments to the building bye-laws of local bodies to include special provisions
for hazard prone areas and enforcement in Chennai Metropolitan Area as the area
falls in Seismic Zone-III and is tsunami prone.

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CHAPTER XII – CAPITAL INVESTMENT PLAN & FINANCING STRATEGY

12.1 Water Supply

The proposed investments for water supply projects for CMA is of the order of Rs.
6,321.00 Crores and the break up is presented in Table 12.1.

Table 12.1: Proposed Water Supply Investments in CMA


Component Activity Institution Total
Rs. In Crores
Comprehensive Water Sector Development 4.00
Master Plan
Leak Detection Studies 9.00
Energy Audit Studies 10.00
Water Quality Studies and Monitoring 4.50

Planning, Design and Implementation of Communication 7.00


Reforms and Strategy
Institutional Baseline Survey 2.00
Strengthening Human Resources Development 7.00
Establishment of Regulatory Authority 1.00
GIS Mapping of Water and Sewerage Utility 9.00
Mapping
Modernizing Financial Management and MIS 7.00
Community Initiatives Support CMWSSB 3.50
Sub-total 64.00
Source Augmentation 3,600.00
Distribution Network Extension 800.00
Rehabilitation and Modernisation of Existing 1,150.00
Network
Service
Energy Conservation Measures 70.00
Delivery
Metering 210.00
Piloting 24x7 zone by zone 350.00
GIS Mapping & Refurbishment 70.00
Sub-total 6,250.00
Citizens Citizen feedback mechanisms established 7.00
Relations
Management Sub-total 7.00
Grand Total 6,321.00

12.2 Sewerage

The proposed investments for Sewerage projects for entire CMA is of the order of Rs.
2,299.00 Crores and the break up is presented in Table 12.2.

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Table 12.2: Proposed Sewerage Investments in CMA


Component Activity Institution Total
Rs In Crores
Design & Comprehensive Sewerage Master Plan 4.00
Implementation Energy Audit 7.00
of Sewerage Quality Studies and Monitoring CMWSSB 7.00
Communication Design & Communication Strategy 7.00
Strategy Human Resources Development 7.00
Sub-Total 39.00
Service Delivery Network coverage 950.00
(Sewerage) Remodeling of old sewers 550.00
Construction of STPs CMWSSB 550.00
Recycling Plant & Reuse 175.00
Energy Conservation Measures 35.00
Sub-Total 2,260.00
Grand Total 2,299.00

12.3 Storm Water Drainage

The proposed investments for Storm Water Drainage, Macro Drainage for CMA and
renovation of lakes is estimated Rs. 1,423.84 Crores and the break up is presented in Table
12.3.

Table 12.3: Proposed Storm Water Drainage Investments in CMA


Item Rs. In Crores
Macro Drainage 865.00
Micro Drainage
Chennai Municipal Corporation 252.00
Surrounding ULBs 72.34
Special Village Panchayats 38.05
Village Panchayats 146.80
Renovation of Lakes
Chennai Municipal Corporation -
Surrounding ULBs 9.91
Special Village Panchayats 3.36
Village Panchayats 1.57
Culvers 34.81
Total 1,423.84

12.4 Solid Waste Management

The proposed investments towards Solid Waste Management sector for CMA is of the
order of Rs. 847.81 Crores. The break up is presented in Table 12.4.

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Table 12.4: Proposed Solid Waste Management Investments in CMA


Sl. No. Solid Waste Management Rs. in Crores
1 Chennai Municipal Corporation 808.70
2 Surrounding ULBs 10.20
3 Special Village Panchayats 3.18
4 Village Panchayats 5.66
5 Slaughter Houses 20.07
Total 847.81

12.5 Traffic and Transportation

The proposed investments for traffic and transportation for CMA is of the order of Rs.
19,504.08 Crores. However, Monorail Project is not included in this component and is
being taken up separately. The break up is presented in Table 12.5.

Table 12.5: Proposed Transportation Investments in CMA


Sl. No. Traffic & Transportation Rs. in Crore
1 Urban Transport Components
2 Widening Strengthening and resurfacing of 1,700.00
arterial, sub arterial and collector roads to at
least 4 lane width
3 Elevated and highway and Flyovers 4,655.00
4 Road/Rail crossings - ROB/RUB 150.00
5 River bridges 45.00
6 Link Roads 1,650.00
7 Concreting of Major roads 278.00
8 Junction improvements with white topping and 75.00
Landscaping
9 Pedestrian Sub-ways 102.00
10 Bus lay-byes & Shelters 58.35
11 Utility Duct and Storm Water Drains along 200.00
Major Roads
12 Peripheral Road Improvements 197.00
13 Construction of mini flyovers 48.00
14 Concreting of City Roads 95.00
15 Multi level car parking 145.00
16 Road/Rail Crossings - ROB/RUB 396.00
17 Nesapakkam Road Widening 14.00
18 Road works including bridges/culverts 675.15
19 Road works 480.32
20 Rapid Transit System 2,250.00
21 Metropolitan Public Transport (Bus) 1,300.00
22 Traffic Management Basic Infrastructure 4,982.04
Needs
23 Street Lighting 8.22
Total 19,504.08
24 Monorail (about 300 km) 15,000.00

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12.6 Heritage and Recreation

The proposed investment towards Heritage and recreation projects is estimated Rs. 103.08
Crores and the break up is presented in Table 12.6.

Table 12.6: Proposed Heritage and Recreation Investments in CMA


Sl. No. Heritage Rs. Crores
1 Renovation/Development of Ripon buildings 18.00
2 Renovation/Development of V.P. Hall Building 5.00
3 Recreation Developments in City area 60.00
4 Recreation Developments in ULBs 8.46
5 Recreation Developments in SVP 3.24
6 Recreation Developments in Village Panchayats 8.37
Total 103.08

12.7 Urban Basic Services for Poor

The proposed investments for urban poor population for entire CMA is estimated Rs.
3,887.23 for the next seven years and break up is illustrated in Table 12.7.

Table 12.7: Proposed Investment for Urban Poor in CMA


Sl. No. Basic Services for Poor Rs. in Crore
Chennai Municipal Corporation 1,319.96
CMA (Except Chennai City) 536.27
Housing for LIG/EWS groups 2031.00
Total 3,887.23

12.8 Parking Lots and Spaces

The proposed investment for civic amenities in CMA is estimated Rs. 43.85 Crores and
the break up is presented in Table 12.8

Table 12.8: Proposed Civic Amenities Investments in CMA


Sl. No. Parking lots / Spaces Rs. In Crores
Parking Lots / Spaces
Parking Lots / Spaces for SVP 15.38
Parking Lots / Spaces for VP 28.47
Total 43.85

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12.9 Summary

The total estimated cost of seven years projects for all the sector is Rs. 34,429.92 Crores
the summary of investments are in the following Table 12.9. Summary of capital
investments year wise phasing is presented in Table 12.10.

Table 12.9: Proposed Summary of investments in CMA


Sl. No. Component Total Cost JNNURM
GoI GoTN IR/IF
Rs. Crores
1 Water Supply 6,321.00 2,212.35 948.15 3,160.50
2 Sewerage 2,299.00 804.65 344.85 1,149.50
3 Solid Waste Management 847.80 296.73 127.17 423.90
4 Storm Water Drainage 1,423.88 498.36 213.58 711.94
5 Transportation 17,254.08 6,038.93 2,588.11 8,627.04
6 Mass Rapid Transit System 2,250.00 787.50 337.50 1,125.00
7 Urban Basic Services for Poor 3,887.23 1,360.53 583.08 1,943.62
8 Parking Lots and Spaces 43.85 15.35 6.58 21.92
9 Heritage and Recreation 103.08 36.08 15.46 51.54
Total 34,429.92 12,050.48 5,164.48 17,214.96

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Table 12.10: Proposed year wise investments for planning period


Sl. No. Component Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Total
Rs. Crores
1 Water Supply 794.50 945.50 949.00 908.00 908.00 908.00 908.00 6,321.00
2 Sewerage 187.00 287.00 285.00 385.00 385.00 385.00 385.00 2,299.00
3 Solid Waste Management 148.60 135.13 151.38 161.51 96.37 58.33 96.48 847.80
4 Storm Water Drainage 208.68 248.88 234.06 232.06 189.46 155.38 155.38 1,423.88
5 Transportation 2630.42 2631.77 2524.42 2417.09 2400.09 2325.09 2325.10 17254.08
6 Mass Rapid Transit System 321.43 321.43 321.43 321.43 321.43 321.43 321.43 2250.00
7 Urban Basic Services for Poor 498.18 498.18 628.18 608.18 588.18 588.18 478.18 3,887.23
8 Parking Lots and Spaces 6.26 6.26 6.26 6.26 6.26 6.26 6.26 43.85
9 Heritage and Recreation 51.54 51.54 - - - - - 103.08
Total 4,846.61 5,125.69 5,099.73 5,039.53 4,894.79 4,747.67 4,675.83 34,429.92

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ANNEXURE 1 – Reform agenda of the ULB and State Government

Reform Agenda at the Level of the Urban Local Body (ULB)

1. Accounting Reform

Chennai Corporation has been following the double entry system of accounting from
01.04.1982 onwards. The Double Entry System includes Financial Accounting, Property
Tax Accounting, Material Accounting and Project Accounting. It has been computerised
since 1985. Presently Chennai Corporation is in the process of converting this stand-alone
computerised accounting system into online real time accounting system.

2. E-Governance Application (using IT, GIS and MIS)

The Corporation of Chennai is using e-governance applications for the following :

• Property tax
• Profession tax
• Company Tax
• Trade licence
• Birth and Death Certificate
• Town Planning Application
• Pay Roll Accounting
• Financial Accounting
• Inventory Management
• Project Accounting

3. Property Tax Reform, 2004/05


5,40,000
What are the total number of properties in the city?

What are the number of properties assessed for purpose of taxation?


5,15,000

What are the number of properties, which paid taxes in the fiscal year 2003/04?

3,87,000
What is the basis of taxation?

• Annual rateable value (ARV)


• Unit area values to determine ARV

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• Unit area values to directly determine property values of property tax

• Capital valuation

What is the amount of tax demanded? (Rs. in Crore)


2003/2004 2004/05

201.88 216.95

What is the amount of tax collected? (Rs. in Crore)


2003/2004 2004/05
206.61 220.55

(Including arrears) (Including arrears)


Achieving the target of 85% tax collection to tax demanded
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7

• The Chennai Corporation has taken many steps to reform the property tax
administration.
• The Corporation is following Annual Rateable Value (ARV) based on the self-
declaration.
• All the properties have been assigned unique bill number and the database is fully
computerized.
• In order to make the system transparent the method of assessment is made known to
the public by publishing the procedure for assessment of Property tax through booklets
which any one can buy and it is also published in the Chennai Corporation web site.
• The assesses are issued demand notices based on the revenue collection information
available in the database. All these exercises are done using I.T.
• A number of options are given to the assesses to pay their taxes.
• The property tax can be paid on-line.
• The property tax can be paid in Corporation Zonal Offices.
• The property tax can be paid through ECS.
• The property tax can be done through Internet using their credit cards.
• The property tax can be paid through a network of nearly 150 bank branches spread
over the city.

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4. Levy of User Charges

(Chennai Metropolitan Water Supply and Sewerage Board)


Water Supply 583 mld.

i) Percentage of households covered by municipal/parasitical water supply

98%

ii) Per capital domestic water supply (70 to 100 lpcd in normal years).

70 to 100 lpcd

iii) Average number of hours of water supply


3 hrs.

iv) Percentage of non-revenue water to total water released (including free supply and
leakages)
15%

v) Percentage of water supplied free


5%

vi) Percentage of water lost due to leakages and thefts

10%

Total cost (Operation & Maintenance and debt repayment) incurred in delivering water?
(Rs. in Crore)
2003/2004 2004/05
349.54 476.42

Total recoveries from the sale of water? (Rs. in Crore)


2003/2004 2004/05
351.45 481.60

Other services
There are no user charges for services other than water supply and sewerage disposal.
Achieving cost recovery target (full O & M recovery)

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Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7


5. Services to the Urban Poor


Percentage of households living in unauthorised tenements / temporary structures
13%

Percentage of households living in unauthorised NIL

tenements/temporary structures without access to

0%
Municipal Water Supply

Sanitation 0%

Primary education 0%

Primary health 0%

Reaching the services to the urban poor


Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7

Internal earmarking of budgets for the urban poor

Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7


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Reform Agenda at the level of the State Government

1. Implementation of the Constitution (Seventy-Fourth) Amendment Act,1992

What is the status of implementation of the following as per the Act ? Specify:

(a) & (b) Constitution and Composition of municipalities

• In Tamil Nadu there are 102 Municipalities and 50 Third Grade Municipalities
(erstwhile Town Panchayats have been renamed as Third Grade Municipalities)

• The norm for constitution of Third Grade Municipalities is minimum population of


30,000.

• Based on the minimum annual income, the Municipalities have been classified as
follows:

Grade Minimum Annual Income (Rs. Lakhs)


Special 500
Selection 200
First 100
Second 50

• As per section 7 of the Tamil Nadu District Municipalities Act,1920, the Municipal
Council shall consist of such number of councillors as may be determined by the State
Government, by notification which shall not be more than fifty-two and shall not be
less than twenty In G.O.(Ms).No.135, Municipal Administration and Water Supply
Department, dated 11.6.1996, the Government have prescribed a population norm for
determining the number of councillors (exclusive of Chairman) of a Municipal
Council.

• In respect of the Municipal Corporations of Chennai, Madurai and Coimbatore, the


strength of the Councillors to be elected has been prescribed in the respective Acts
itself, as follows: Chennai Corporation – 155, Madurai Corporation – 72, Coimbatore
Corporation – 72

• In G.O.(Ms).No. 134, Municipal Administration and Water Supply Department, dated


10.6.1996, the Government have fixed the strength of the Councillors to be elected in
the other Corporations as follows: Tiruchirappalli Corporation – 60, Tirunelveli
Corporation – 55, Salem Corporation – 60.

• Further, the members of the House of the People and the members of the Legislative
Assembly representing the constituency comprising the whole or any part of the
municipality and the members of the council of States who are registered as electors
within the area of the municipality shall also be represented in the council. Similar
provisions are available in the Corporation Acts.

( c) Reservation of seats for Women, Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes

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• According to section 3-I and section 7 of the Tamil Nadu District Municipalities Act,
1920, certain offices of the Chairmen, Members / Councillors of the Third Grade
Municipalities and Municipalities shall be reserved for Scheduled Castes and
Scheduled Tribes.
• Among the offices reserved for Scheduled Castes or Scheduled Tribes, not less than
one third of the Offices shall be reserved for women belonging to Scheduled Castes or
Scheduled Tribes.
• Further, not less than one third of the total number of offices of Chairmen / Members /
Councillors of Third Grade Municipalities and Municipalities in the State (including
those reserved for S.C./S.T. women) shall be reserved for Women.
• The Offices of Chairmen and Councillors shall be reserved by rotation for future
elections.
• Orders regarding reservation in the offices of Chairmen and Members/Councillors of
Third Grade Municipalities, Municipalities have been issued in G.O.(Ms).No.196,
Municipal Administration and Water Supply Department, dated 27.8.1996 and
G.O.(Ms).No.189, Municipal Administration and Water Supply Department, dated
20.8.1996, respectively.
• Similar provisions for reservation in case of Councillors of Municipal Corporations
are available in the Acts governing the Municipal Corporations.
• The Government have delegated the power of reservation to the Commissioners of
respective Municipal Corporations.
• As regards reservation in the offices of Mayor, according to the Special provision
made in the Tamil Nadu Municipal Corporation Laws (Amendment and Special
Provision) Act, 1994, out of the total number of offices of Mayor in this State, one
shall be reserved for the members belonging to the Scheduled Castes or Scheduled
Tribes, as the case may be and two shall be reserved for women and reservation shall
be allotted by rotation to different Municipal Corporations in the State in such manner
as may be prescribed.
• Orders regarding reservation in offices of Mayor for the Scheduled Castes or
Scheduled Tribes have been issued in G.O.(Ms).No.195, Municipal Administration
and Water Supply Department, dated 27.8.1996.

(d) Constitution of District Planning Committees (DPCs)

District Planning Committees as per Article 243 ZD have been constituted in Tamil Nadu.
The DPCs have been operationalised fully and made functional. The first meeting of the
DPCs was held on 4.2.2002 and subsequent meetings have been held once in three months
to discuss the developmental issues relating to the district.

(e) Constitution of Metropolitan Planning Committees:

It is proposed to amend the provisions of Chennai City Municipal Corporation Act,1919


and Tamil Nadu Town and Country Planning Act, 1971 so as to set up the Metropolitan
Planning Committee. The Draft Bill has been finalized. The Metropolitan Planning
Committee will be constituted in 2006-07.

(f) Incorporation of Schedule 12 into the State Municipal Act

This Government have enacted the conformity legislations in keeping with the spirit of the
Constitution (74th Amendment) Act. By the conformity legislations (Tamil Nadu Acts 25
and 26 of 1994) the functions which had been available in various sections in the
enactments governing the Urban Local Bodies of this State, have been consolidated and

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incorporated in a separate Schedule in the Acts governing the Urban Local Bodies.

Which of the functions of Schedule 12 have been incorporated into the State
Municipal Act and transferred to ULBs?

With the exception of Fire Services, other functions listed in Scheduled 12 are being
performed by the Urban Local Bodies. The details of the powers and functions entrusted to
the Urban Local Bodies are given below:-

i) Urban Planning including Town Planning (Function 1):- Urban Planning including
Town Planning is governed under the provisions of the Tamil Nadu Town and Country
Planning Act, 1971. When the Local Planning Authorities are constituted under Section
11 of the Act in respect of a single Urban Local Body, the Local Body itself is declared as
the Local Planning Authority. However, where there are two or more local bodies, four
members of the Local Bodies are appointed as representatives in the Composite Local
Planning Authority. According to Section 12 of the Act, the functions of the Local
Planning Authority shall be, to carryout a survey of the local Planning area, to prepare a
land use map, to prepare a Master Plan and Detailed Development Plan and to carryout
work as contemplated in the Master Plan and Detailed Development Plan.

ii) Regulation of land use and construction of Building (Function-2):- Regulation of land
use is governed under the provisions of the Tamil Nadu Town and Country Planning Act,
1971. In G.O.Ms.No.134, Municipal Administration and Water Supply Department, dated
20.9.2002 orders have been issued for the approval of layouts by the Local Bodies.
Construction of buildings in Urban Local Body Areas is regulated by the provisions in the
Corporations and Municipal Acts and the Building Rules issued there under. The
Commissioner of the Local Body has been empowered to grant or refuse permission.
Provision to appeal to the Standing Committee (in the case of Corporation) or to Council
(in the case of Municipalities / Town Panchayats) if the Commissioner fails to pass orders
within the prescribed period, is also available in the Acts.

iii) Planning for Economic and Social Development (Function-3):- For welfare schemes
like widows rehabilitation scheme, Swarna Jayanthi Shahari Rozgar Yojana etc. the
selection of beneficiaries under the programmes is done by the local body.

iv) Roads and Bridges (Function-4):- Small roads within the Urban Local Bodies fall
under the term “Public Streets” in the Corporation Acts and in the Municipal Act. All
public streets, not reserved under the control of the Central and State Governments are
vested in the Local body. The Local Bodies shall maintain and repair the public streets
and make all improvements for the public safety or convenience.

v) Water Supply for Domestic, Industrial and Commercial purposes (Function-5):-


Provisions for water supply were earlier available in the Chennai City Municipal
Corporation Act. These provisions were omitted when the Chennai Metropolitan water
Supply and Sewerage Act, 1978, was enacted for the constitution of the Chennai
Metropolitan Water Supply and Sewerage Board to perform the functions relating to water
supply and sewerage in the Chennai Metropolitan Area. In the Acts applicable to other
Municipal Corporations and in the Tamil Nadu District Municipalities Act, 1920,
provisions are available for water supply for domestic consumption. The Commissioner is

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also empowered to supply water for non-domestic purposes.

vi) Public Health, Sanitation, Conservancy and Solid Waste Management (Function-6):-
According to the provisions in the Corporations Acts and in the District Municipalities
Act, the Local Body shall provide and maintain a sufficient system of public drains. The
Local Body shall also provide and maintain in proper and convenient places sufficient
number of public latrines in clean and proper order. The Local Body shall make
arrangements for regular cleaning of streets and dustbins. The Commissioner should make
arrangements for the prevention and control of dangerous diseases and small pox.

vii) Urban Forestry, protection of the Environment and promotion of ecological aspects
(Function-8):- According to the Financial Rules contained in the Corporations Acts and in
the District Municipalities Act, the object of expenditure connected with public
convenience, amenities and education include the planting and preservation of trees in
public streets and places. In the Urban Forestry Scheme implemented by the Environment
& Forests Department, the Urban Local Bodies are also involved in protecting the saplings
of trees in Urban areas.

viii) Safeguarding the interest of weaker sections of society including the handicapped and
mentally retarded (Function-9):- For Welfare Schemes like widows rehabilitation scheme,
Swarna Jayanthi Shahari Rozgar Yojana etc., the selection of beneficiaries under the
programmes is done by the local body. According to the Financial Rules, the object of
expenditure connected with the public convenience, amenities and education include the
provision and maintenance of rescue homes.

ix) Slum Improvement and upgradation (Function-10):- All Urban Local Bodies are
implementing schemes and measures for slum improvement and upgradation.

x) Urban Poverty Alleviation (Function-11):- No statutory provisions are available in the


Urban Local Body Acts. However, Swarna Jayanthi Shahari Rozgar Yojana (SJSRY), an
Urban Poverty Alleviation Programme is being implemented through the Urban Local
Bodies.

xi) Provision of Urban Amenities and facilities such as parks, gardens, playgrounds
(Function-12):- According to the provisions in the Corporations Acts and in the District
Municipalities Act, the Council may make bye-laws to provide for the regulation of the
use of parks, gardens and other public municipal places. Further according to the Financial
Rules, the object of expenditure connected with public convenience, amenities and
education include the construction and maintenance of recreation grounds, playing
grounds and promenades.

xii) Promotion of cultural, educational and aesthetic aspects (Function-13):- According to


the Financial Rules, the object of expenditure connected with public convenience,
amenities and education include construction of Public Halls, recreation grounds, playing
grounds, Zoological and Horticultural Gardens, Public libraries, Reading rooms, Museum,
Art Galleries, provision of music for the public, holding of exhibitions or fairs etc.

xiii) Burial and Burial grounds, cremation, cremation grounds and electric crematorium
(Function 14):- Provisions are available in the Corporations Acts and in the District

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Municipalities Act for registration and control of burial or burning grounds, proper burial
or burning of the corpses and issue of grave diggers license.

xiv) Cattle Pounds, Prevention of cruelty to animals (Function-15):- According to the


Financial Rules, the object of the expenditure connected with the public convenience,
amenities and education include the provision of places for the treatment of sick animals
and the prevention of cruelty to animals. Further in G.O.Ms.No.s. 13, 14 and 15,
Municipal Administration and Water Supply Department, dated 3.2.1998, orders have
been issued for the constitution of a Joint Committee in Corporations to prevent cruelty to
animals with the Mayor as Chairman and Officers of the Corporation, Animal Husbandry
Department, Animal Welfare Board and the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to
Animals, as members.

xv) Vital statistics including registration of births and deaths (Function 16):- According to
the provisions in the Corporation Acts and District Municipalities Act, the Council shall
register all births and deaths occurring in its limits. Information of births and deaths shall
be given and their registration shall be made and enforced in the prescribed manner.

xvi) Public amenities including street lights, parking lots, bus stops and other public
convenience (Function 17):- According to the provisions in the Corporations Acts and in
the District Municipalities Act, Public Streets shall be provided with lights. Further,
landing places, cart stands (including Bus stands) etc. shall be provided by the Local
Bodies and licences shall also be issued to the private cart stands.

xvii) Regulation of slaughter houses and tanneries (Funcion-18):- According to the


provisions in the Corporations Acts and Municipal Act, the local bodies shall provide
slaughter houses and levy fees for their use. Licences shall also be issued for slaughter
houses.

1. Has the transfer of functions been accompanied by transfer of staff? If no, has the
ULB been given the powers to recruit staff for managing the transferred functions?

The Urban Local bodies of this State have an adequate sanctioned strength of staff for
effectively discharging their functions. This Government, adopting a cautious approach
towards appointment of staff in Urban Local Bodies, has allowed the same wherever they
are really needed. In transition towns, there was a problem of inadequate strength of
technical functionaries and hence, a separate engineering wing was created with adequate
number of engineering personnel separately for transition towns, reducing external
clearance and ensuring speedy execution of development works. Further, in
Municipalities where there are no planning staff, a policy decision was taken to create
minimum strength, ensuring that all the Municipalities have in their rolls at least a basic
level planning staff. As part of the computerization effort, qualified staff were recruited
both on deputation and from the open market which has helped the successful
implementation of computerization of Municipal functions.

2. Repealment of Urban Land (Ceiling and Regulation) Act, 1976

The Tamil Nadu Urban Land (Ceiling and Regulation) Act,1978 has been repealed by the
Tamil Nadu Urban Land (Ceiling and Regulation) Repeal Act,1999 (Tamil Nadu Act 20 of

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1999)

3. Rent Control Reforms, 2004/05

At present only 69 buildings are under the control of Accommodation Controller of


Chennai and Coimbatore (52 and 17 respectively) for occupation by the Government
servants. There are no such buildings in other districts. It is proposed to amend the Tamil
Nadu Buildings (Lease and Rent Control) Act,1960. The process of drafting the
legislation has been commenced. It is expected to amend this Act by 2007-08.

4. Stamp Duty Rationalisation, 2005

• In 2004, orders have been issued by the Government of Tamil Nadu for reducing the
stamp duty to 6% and transfer duty to 2% from the earlier levels of 8% and 5%
respectively charged on the conveyance of properties in this State.

• During 2004, the Stamp duty on settlement and release between family members and
general partition between family members, and partition on the dissolution of
partnership between family members has been reduced to 1% on the market value of
the property subject to a ceiling of Rs.10,000/-. The registration fee is 1% with a
ceiling of Rs.2,000/-. Orders have also been issued in February, 2004 to the following
effect:

• (iii) Reduction of Stamp duty on simple mortgage without possession from 4% to


1%.

• Reduction of Stamp duty in the case of mortgage deed with possession from 6% on the
loan amount to 3% on the loan amount. Reduction of transfer duty from 3% to 1% on
the loan amount. The total rate will thus be 4% on the loan amount.

• In the case of deposit of title deeds, a ceiling of Rs.5,000/- for stamp duty and
Rs.10,000/- for registration fee has been introduced.

• Stamp duty on powers of attorney has been reduced from the level of 6% to 4%.

Having already reduced the stamp duty from 8% to 6% in 2004, the Government of
Tamil Nadu will make efforts to further reduce the stamp duty to 5% by 2012-13.

5. Public Disclosure Law

There are already various existing provisions under which ULBs in Tamil Nadu are
required to make public disclosure of various types of information.

Section 33 of the Tamil Nadu District Municipal Act, 1920 provides that each local body
shall publish an annual administration report in which various information pertaining to
the activities of the local bodies is contained. This provision is also available in the
relevant acts governing the Municipal Corporations.

Further, the budget document of the local bodies which contains all financial details
pertaining to the receipts and expenditure of the local body are also made published by

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each local body.

The existing laws pertaining to ULBs also provide that before imposing or increasing any
taxes, the local body is required to give advance notice of the same and invite the
objections of the public.

In addition to the above, each local body in the State has published a Citizens Charter in
which all relevant information pertaining to the local body is provided. The second
edition of the Citizens Charter has been published by all local bodies in 2004.

Finally, under Section 4(1)(d) of the Right to Information Act, every local body is required
to publish various particulars pertaining to its activities and expenses, which has been done
by all local bodies in the State.

With regard to the proposed reform agenda pertaining to enactment of a public


disclosure law, the State Government will take the following action:

• Identification of matters of public importance not covered under existing public


disclosure provision
• Consultation with urban local bodies and framing to provisions to incorporate
necessary provisions in the existing municipal laws and rules.
• Passing of legislation and notification of rules

Action in this regard will be completed by 2008-09.

6. Community Participation Law

Is there any provision in the State Municipal Acts regarding the involvement of civil
society, industry and business in municipal affairs – e.g., in setting priorities, budgeting
provisions, etc.,

There is no such provision in the State Municipality Acts. The inclusion of suitable
provision to this effect will be considered by year 2009-10, after following the required
process of consulting the local bodies and other stake- holders.

7. City Planning Function

Who is responsible for city planning for the city?

Currently, the planning function of the ULBs falling in the Chennai Metropolitan Area is
under the jurisdiction of the Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority. However, the
approval of layouts, building plans and other clearances for developmental activities are
partly vested in the Chennai Corporation and other local bodies.

Which agency is responsible for provision of the following services

8. Water Supply & Sewerage

The Chennai Metropolitan Water Supply and Sewerage Board (CMWSSB) is responsible
for the provision of water supply and sewerage services within Chennai Corporation area.

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In the other Municipalities in the Chennai Metropolitan Area, the concerned local bodies
are providing such services.

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Optional Reforms

During year I of the Mission, the following two optional reforms will be implemented:

1. Introduction of computerization in the process of registration of land and


property:

To facilitate faster processing of applications submitted by the public, the Registration


Department has embarked upon the project STAR (Simplified and Transparent
Administration of Registration) and I.T. enabled services. Under the project, so far, out of
the 600 Sub-Registrar Offices and 50 District Offices, 300 Sub-Registrar Offices and all
the 50 District Registrar Offices have been computerized. The process of computerization
of remaining 300 Sub-Registrar Offices has been kept in abeyance in view of the
reorganization of jurisdiction of remaining Sub-Registrars’ Offices. It is proposed to
merge the remaining offices with the existing ones. The computerization initiatives have
enabled the following:

• Statewide Guideline values of properties available on the website


(www.tnreginet.net)
• Issue of Encumbrance Certificates across the counter in 5 minutes
• Apply on line for Encumbrance Certificates – door delivery within 24 hours on
payment of fees and courier charges.
• Online property valuation
• Apply online for host of other services, e.g.
• Certified copies
• Extract of Hindu Marriage Certificates
• Bye-laws, etc. of Societies registered
• Details of chit groups

The process of computerization in the registrars’ offices will be further pursued


during 2006- 07 and 2007- 08.

Revision of bye-laws to make rain water harvesting mandatory in all buildings to come up
and for adoption of water conservation measures.

To make Rain Water Harvesting mandatory, the Tamil Nadu Government promulgated the
Tamil Nadu Municipal Laws (Second Amendment) Ordinance in 2003. This was repealed
by the Tamil Nadu Municipal Laws (Second Amendment) Act 2003, by which Chennai
City Municipal Corporation Act 1919, the Tamil Nadu District Municipalities Act 1920,
the Madurai City Municipal Corporation Act, 1971 and the Coimbatore City Municipal
Corporation Act, 1981 were amended to include provisions making rainwater harvesting
mandatory.

2. The relevant provision in the ULB Acts pertaining to Rain Water Harvesting reads
as follows:

“ (1) In every building owned or occupied by the Government or a statutory body or


company or an institution owned or controlled by the Government, rain water harvesting

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structure shall be provided by the Government or by such statutory body or company or


other institution, as the case may be, in such manner and within such time as may be
prescribed.

(2) Subject to the provisions of sub-section (1), every owner or occupier of a building shall
provide rain water harvesting structure in the building in such manner and within such
period as may be prescribed.

Explanation:- Where a building is owned or occupied by more than one person, every
such person shall be liable under this sub-section.

(3) Where the rain water harvesting structure is not provided as required under sub-section
(2), the Commissioner or any person authorized by him in this behalf may, after giving
notice to the owner or occupier of the building, cause rain water harvesting structure to be
provided in such building and recover the cost of such provision along with the incidental
expense thereof in the same manner as property tax.

(4) Notwithstanding any action taken under sub-section (3), where the owner or occupier
of the building fails to provide the rain water harvesting structure in the building before
the date as may be prescribed, the water supply connection provided to such building shall
be disconnected till rain water harvesting structure is provided”.

The relevant building rules under the above said Acts have also been suitably amended
making Rain Water Harvesting compulsory for approval of Building Plans.

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Reforms undertaken by CMWSSB

Accounting

CMWSSB adopted the modern accrual-based double entry system ever since its incepting
in 1978 and the entire accounts are computerized.

E-Governance and IT

CMWSS Board has opened Electronic Delivery of Services (EDS) for payment by the
citizens at 10 TNEB counters in Chennai City to avail the benefit of utility payment services.
Payment will be undertaken anytime/anywhere in single roof at the EDS Centres to pay the
dues by way of cash/cheque/demand draft.

The Board has undertaken complete computerization of billing and collection and is currently
collecting water and sewerage tax / water supply charges through computerised collection
centres of the Board located at 10 Area Offices, 70 Depot Offices and at the Head Office. In
addition to the above, 22 specified branches of Canara Bank are also authrosied to collect
tax/charges on behalf of the Board.

Board has also introduced online payment of water tax and water supply charges through
internet which is assigned to M/s. ICICI Bank through ICICI Bank A/c. or credit card.
Discussion with other commercial Banks are on to extend this facility to more number of
assesses and consumers.

A digital base map has been created for the entire city and complete GIS were implemented in
9 Depot Offices in one Area by updating the underground asset and visible asset details as a
pilot measure. The linking of this data base with the property data base is also being planned.

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ANNEXURE 2 – Demography

Table 1: Population Growth in Municipalities - 1971-2001


ULBs Area in Population in thousands Annual Rate of
Sq.km. growth in percent

1971 1981 1991 2001 71-81 81-91 91-01 Avg. Density


per
Hect.2001
Kathivakkam 4.75 16.14 22.10 27.17 32.59 3.19 2.09 1.84 2.37 69
Thiruvottiyur 21.35 82.85 134.01 168.64 212.28 4.93 2.32 2.33 3.19 99
Madhavaram 17.41 21.05 29.46 49.26 76.09 3.41 5.28 4.45 4.38 44
Ambattur 37.77 45.59 115.90 215.42 310.97 9.78 6.39 3.74 6.64 82
Avadi 61.57 77.41 124.70 183.22 229.40 4.88 3.92 2.27 3.69 38
Poonamallee 6.55 18.72 23.67 28.83 42.60 2.37 1.99 3.98 2.78 65
Thiruverkkadu 18.63 13.08 17.23 27.84 32.20 2.79 4.92 1.47 3.06 17
Maduravoyal 4.78 6.46 7.45 14.88 43.61 1.44 7.17 11.35 6.65 91
Valasaravakkam 2.97 2.41 7.58 21.95 30.98 12.1 11.22 3.50 8.95 104
2
Alandur 8.08 65.04 97.45 125.24 146.29 4.13 2.54 1.57 2.74 181
Ullagaram- 3.64 2.38 8.58 16.13 30.42 13.69 6.52 6.55 8.92 84
Puzhithivakkam
Anakaputhur 2.98 10.88 15.30 24.35 31.92 3.46 4.76 2.75 3.66 107
Pammal 5.19 9.05 27.82 36.51 50.00 11.89 2.75 3.20 5.95 96
Pallavaram 16.10 51.37 83.90 111.87 144.62 5.03 2.92 2.60 3.52 90
Tambaram 20.72 58.81 86.92 113.29 137.93 3.99 2.69 1.99 2.89 66
Manali 7.49 3.34 11.96 19.09 28.60 13.61 4.79 4.12 7.51 38
Total 239.99 484.58 814.02 1183.6 1580.5 5.32 3.82 2.93 4.02 66
8

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Table 2: Population Growth in Special Village Panchayat - 1971-2001


S. Village Area Population (in thousands) Annual Rate of growth
Panchayat in 1971 1981 1991 2001 71-81 81-91 91-01 Ave. Densi
Sq.Km ty
. per
Hect.
2001
Minjur 8.63 7.24 13.62 19.49 23.74 6.52 3.64 2.00 4.05 28
Chinnasekkadu 1.67 2.21 2.68 8.42 9.74 1.95 12.13 1.46 5.18 58
Puzhal 6.74 6.94 9.26 15.87 20.64 2.93 5.53 2.66 3.71 31
Naravarikuppam 20.76 9.96 14.67 17.41 18.33 3.95 1.72 0.52 2.06 9
Thiruninravur 14.56 6.94 9.13 16.31 29.33 2.78 7.78 4.27 4.94 20
Porur 3.72 3.54 8.63 19.51 28.92 9.33 8.49 4.02 7.28 78
Thirumazhisai 7.25 9.56 11.01 14.54 16.29 1.42 2.82 1.14 1.79 22
Mangadu 5.63 10.98 11.23 16.06 19.42 0.22 3.64 1.92 1.93 35
Nandambakkam 2.61 4.72 7.68 10.56 9.34 4.98 3.24 -1.22 2.33 36
Minambakkam 3.03 2.51 3.09 3.80 3.61 2.13 2.09 -0.52 1.23 12
Kundrathur 12.16 14.45 16.42 22.79 25.07 1.29 3.33 0.93 1.85 21
Thiruneermalai 5.87 6.31 9.95 17.94 19.23 4.66 6.07 0.70 3.81 33
Perungalathur 7.04 3.71 6.29 11.24 19.59 5.40 5.98 5.72 5.70 28
Peerkankaranai 1.76 3.58 5.28 10.74 17.51 3.96 7.37 5.01 5.45 99
Chitlapakkam 2.90 5.32 11.72 15.90 25.31 8.22 3.10 4.76 5.36 88
Sembakkam 6.35 2.60 6.10 13.50 21.50 8.86 8.32 4.75 7.31 34
Madambakkam 7.92 2.32 3.49 8.21 17.00 4.14 8.94 7.55 6.88 22
Perungudi 4.64 1.74 4.28 9.71 23.58 9.40 8.54 9.28 9.08 51
Pallikkaranai 17.43 2.32 3.93 7.82 22.07 5.40 7.13 10.93 7.82 13
Sholinganallur 15.35 4.23 5.75 8.53 15.56 3.12 4.02 6.20 4.45 10
Total 156.02 111.18 164.19 271.35 385.72 4.40 5.13 3.62 4.38 25

Table 3: Population Growth in Panchayat Union - 1971-2001


Panchayat Area Population Annual Rate of growth in %
Union in 1971 1981 1991 2001 71-81 81-91 91-01 Ave. Density
Sq.km per Hect.
2001
Minjur (4 40.02 11015 13900 17032 23368 2.35 2.05 3.21 2.54 6
Villages)
Sholavaram 131.58 44069 59286 82773 97038 3.01 3.39 1.61 2.67 7
(41 Villages)
Puzhal (28 46.87 23739 30493 41661 51081 2.54 3.17 2.06 2.59 11
Villages)
Villivakkam 84.53 37712 46787 91488 143070 2.18 6.94 4.57 4.56 17
(25 Villages)
Thiruvallur (1 11.39 4409 5505 7789 8719 2.24 3.53 1.13 2.30 8
village)
Poonamallee 75.44 56439 60435 60742 71866 0.69 1.00 0.74 0.81 10
(42 villages)
Kundrathur 80.36 44050 50552 68435 105625 1.39 3.08 4.46 2.97 13
(30 villages)
Sriperumbudur 20.16 1647 757 0 0 -7.48 -100 -- -- 4
(4 villages)

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St.Thomas 98.39 34773 56118 122435 199235 4.90 8.11 4.99 6.00 20
Mount (33
Villages)
Kattankulathur 28.26 9490 14905 21891 30695 4.62 3.92 3.44 3.99 11
(6 Villages)
Total 617.00 267303 338738 514246 730727 12 2.67 5.18 4.37 12

Table 4: Projection for Municipalities within CMA (In Lakhs)


Sl. Description Actual Annual Projection Density
No. 2001 rate of 2006 2011 2016 2021 2026
growth
assumed
in %
1 Kathivakkam 0.33 2.0 0.36 0.40 0.43 0.49 0.54 113
2 Thiruvottiyur 2.12 2.5 2.41 2.73 3.09 3.50 3.97 186
3 Madhavaram 0.76 4.0 0.93 1.14 1.39 1.69 2.07 119
4 Ambattur 3.11 4.5 3.89 4.88 6.11 7.65 9.58 254
5 Avadi 2.3 3.0 2.67 3.10 3.60 4.18 4.86 79
6 Poonamallee 0.42 4.0 0.52 0.64 0.78 0.95 1.16 177
7 Thiruverkadu 0.32 3.0 0.37 0.43 0.51 0.59 0.68 37
8 Maduravoyal 0.43 3.5 0.52 0.62 0.74 0.88 1.05 219
9 Valasarawakkam 0.31 3.5 0.37 0.44 0.52 0.62 0.74 250
10 Alandur 1.46 1.5 157 1.70 1.83 1.97 2.13 263
11 Ullagaram- 0.30 4.0 0.37 0.46 0.55 0.68 0.83 227
Puzhudhivakkam
12 Anakaputhur 0.32 2.7 0.36 0.42 0.48 0.55 0.63 210
13 Pammal 0.50 3.0 0.58 0.67 0.78 0.91 1.05 204
14 Pallavaram 1.45 3.0 1.68 1.95 2.27 2.64 3.06 190
15 Tambaram 1.38 2.5 1.56 1.77 2.01 2.27 2.58 124
16 Manali 0.29 4.0 0.35 0.43 0.52 0.64 0.78 104
Total 15.80 3.98 18.52 21.75 25.60 30.20 35.69 149

Table 5: Population projection for Panchayat Unions within CMA (In Lakhs)
Annual rate Projection Density
of growth
Description assumed in
%

2001 2006 2011 2016 2021 2026


Minjur 0.27 1.8 0.28 0.33 0.38 0.45 0.54 13
(4 Villages)
Sholavaram (41 0.97 1.6 1.12 1.30 1.51 1.76 2.06 16
Villages)
Puzhal 0.51 1.4 0.60 0.75 0.95 1.23 1.60 34
(28 Villages)
Villivakkam (25 1.43 2.2 1.73 2.12 2.64 3.32 4.27 51
Villages)
Thiruvallur (1 0.09 3.5 0.10 0.12 0.15 0.18 0.21 18

173
CDP Chennai

Annual rate Projection Density


of growth
Description assumed in
%

2001 2006 2011 2016 2021 2026


village)
Poonamallee (42 0.72 1.3 0.73 0.82 0.93 1.06 1.21 16
villages)
Kundrathur (30 1.06 1.9 1.25 1.49 1.79 2.15 2.59 32
villages)
Sriperumbudur -- -- 0 0 0 0 0 0
(4 villages)
St.Thomas 1.84 2.6 2.50 3.15 3.98 5.03 6.38 65
Mount (33
Villages)
Kattankulathur 0.31 2.7 0.39 0.49 0.63 0.81 1.04 37
(6 villages)
7.39 3.45 8.70 10.59 12.96 15.99 19.88 32
Total

174
CDP Chennai

ANNEXURE 3 – Detailed Traffic & Transportation Components for CMA

Sl. Project Cost Rs. in Crores


No. (Broad Cost
Estimate)
I Urban Transport
Widening Strengthening and resurfacing of arterial, subarterial and
collect of roads to at least 4 lane width
in city (100 Km.) 100.00
in CMA (400 Km.) 1,600.00
Sub total 1,700.00
Elevated and highway and Flyovers
Elevated Highway along G.W.T Road from Chennai Port to 800.00
Maduravoyal
Elevated Highway along G.S.T Road from Chennai Port to 1,400.00
Tambaram
Elevated Highway along Inner Ring Road from Sidco Junction 600.00
(km0/6) to Koyambedu Kaliamman Koil Street Junction
(km8/1)
Elevated Highway along Sardar Patel road (Halda to Madhya 100.00
Kailash Junction) km 0/0-3/6
Trumphet Fly over at Madhyakailash Junction 150.00
Elevated Highway along Rajaji Salai from Paris Corner to 350.00
Tollgate at Thiruvottiyur
Flyover at Thiruvanmiyur LB Road Junction 30.00
Flyover at Annanagar Roundtana 30.00
Flyover at Poonamallee Town at the Junction of M.P.road & 60.00
Poonamallee Kundrathur Road.
Elevated Highway along Nungambakkam High Road, Vallur 300.00
Kottam High Road, Mcnicoles Road, College Road and
Haddows Road
Flyover at Mount Madipakkam Road with Pallavaram 30.00
Thorapakkam Road Junction
Flyover at the Junction of Taramani Link and M.B.I.Road at 60.00
Vijayanagaram
Flyover at Ayanavaram Road Junction with Medavakkam tank 30.00
and Konnur High Road
Flyover at New Avadi Road Junction with Kilpauk Garden 15.00
Road
Elevated Highway along Arcot Road from Vadapalani up to 300.00
Porur
Elevated Highway along Thiruvottiyur High Road from Tollgate 250.00
to Ernavur Bridge.
IRR intersection, Thirumangalam junction 30.00
IRR intersection at Vadapalani 30.00
At Vyasarpadi (GNT Road) 50.00
At Moolakadai (GNT Road) 25.00
At Porur (Mount-Poonamallee Road) 15.00
Sub Total 4,655.00
Road/Rail crossings - ROB/RUB
Villivakkam - Ambattur 11/31A - 12/1 15.00
Tambaram - Vandallur 32/11-12 15.00

175
CDP Chennai

Sl. Project Cost Rs. in Crores


No. (Broad Cost
Estimate)
Pattabiram Military siding 1042 - 1043 15.00
Villivakkam - Ambattur 13/4 - 6 15.00
Ambattur - Avadi 17/34 - 18/2 15.00
Avadi - Pattabiram East 23/12-14 15.00
Tondiarpet - Tiruvottiyur 7/22-24 15.00
Tambaram - Perungalathur 32/8-9 15.00
Vandaloor - Oorapakkam 36/6-7 15.00
At Minjur 15.00
Sub Total 150.00
River bridges
Across Adyar river (additional two lanes to Thiru-vi-ka Bridge) 9.00

Sardar Patel Road Bridge (across B'canal) 1.00


Across Cooum river at Mogappair 5.00
Across Cooum river at Nolambur 5.00
Across Cooum river along Karumariamman koil Road 5.00
Across Ennore creek 20.00
Sub Total 45.00
Link Roads
Old Mahabalipuram Road - East Coast Road (Prarthana Theatre 30.00
to Pallavan Kudiruppu) (3 km length)
Ambattur estate to ORR (via Paruthipattu) ( 15 km length) 150.00
Puzhal to IRR (4 km length) 20.00
Nandambakkam to west K.K.Nagar and on to Koyambedu Bus 80.00
Terminus via, Kaliamman Koil Street.( 7.5 km length)
Link Road between Thiru Vika Bridge and Kotturpuram Bridge 50.00
along South Bank of Adyar river and extending upto Marai
Adigal bridge (4.4 km length)
Developing a link road between Madhayakailash and 40.00
Muthiramlinga Thevar Salai along west canal Bank Road (1.8
km length)
Developing a new link from Kotturpuram - Gandhi Mandapam 25.00
Road and west Canal Bank Road (Utilising the approach road to
Birla Planetarium and existing road behind CLRI) (1.16 km
length)
Developing a link road along Ponniyamman Koil Street 30.00
connecting Gandhi Mandapam road and West Canal Bank Road
(I km in length)
Construction of an elevated link from Light House and on to 500.00
ECR to Besant Nagar across Adyar Estuary (10 km length)
Tambaram Eastern Byepass (9 km length) 45.00
Outer Ring Road 0/00 - 62/0 (62 km length) 500.00
byepass road to Tirumaghizai & Tiruvallur town (12 km length) 180.00
Sub Total 1,650.00
Concreting of Major roads
Kamarajar Salai - Santhome High Road - km 2/7-7/5 (4.8 km 20.00
length)
G.S.T road to 0/0 - 28/0 (28 km length) 150.00
Nungambakkam High Road ( 1.4 km length) 5.00

176
CDP Chennai

Sl. Project Cost Rs. in Crores


No. (Broad Cost
Estimate)
Radhakrishna Road and Cathedral Road (3.3 km length) 17.00
College Road and Haddows Road (1.5 km length) 5.00
Rajaji Salai (2.5 km length) 10.00
Lattice Bridge Road (3.5 km length) 14.00
G.N.T.Road (Walltax Road) 0/8-3/2 (2.5 km length) 10.00
Venkatnarayana Road and North Usman Road (3 km length) 12.00

Muthuramalinga Thevar Salai (Chamiers Road and Greens 12.00


Road) (3 km length)
Purasawakkam High Road (1.5 km length) 13.00
Millers Road, Gangadeeswar Koil st. Alagappa Road (1.5 km 10.00
length)
Sub Total 278.00
Junction improvements with white topping and Land scapping
Adyar Junction 3.00
Thiruvnmiyur Junction 3.00
TTK Road awith Radhakrishnan Road Junction 3.00
Turnbulls Road Junction 3.00
Canal Bank Road with Mandhaveli Junction 3.00
I.R.R Sidco Junction 3.00
I.R.R Kasi Theatre Pillayar Koil street Junction 3.00
Udhayam theatre - K.K.Nagar Junction 3.00
Ashok Pillar Junction 3.00
I.R.R - Ambedkar road junction 3.00
I.R.R. - P.T. Rajan Salai junction 3.00
I.R.R. - Anna Denumpathai junction 3.00
I.R.R.- PeriyarPadai junction 3.00
I.R.R.- Vinayagapuram junction 3.00
I.R.R - Kaliamman Koil Street junction 3.00
I.R.R - Thirumangalam Mogappair Road junction 3.00
I.R.R - School Road junction 3.00
Parrys Corner - Rajaji Salai junction 3.00
Kellys junction 3.00
Purasavakkam High Road - Millers Road junction 3.00
Kilpauk Garden Road - Anna Nagar Chinthamani junction 3.00
Anna Nagar Roundtana junction 3.00
Anna Nagar II Avenue - I.R.R. junction 3.00
Ayanavaram - Konnur High road - Medavakkam Tank road 3.00
junction
Perambur High Road - Lucas Road junction 3.00
Sub Total 75.00
Pedestrian Sub-ways
Annasalai @ GP Road junction 3.00
Annasalai @ Nandanam Chamiers Road junction 3.00
Annasalai @ Thodhunter Nagar 3.00
Annasalai @ Saidapet Bazaar Road junction 3.00
Annasalai @ Little Mount A.G. Church 3.00
Annasalai @ TNPL Office 3.00
G.S.T.Road @ Guindy M.K.N. Road junction 3.00

177
CDP Chennai

Sl. Project Cost Rs. in Crores


No. (Broad Cost
Estimate)
G.S.T. Road @ Chrompet 3.00
E.V.R. Salai @ Dasaprakash 3.00
E.V.R. Salai @ Pachaiappas College 3.00
E.V.R. Salai @ Aminjikarai Market 3.00
E.V.R. Salai @ Anna Arch 3.00
E.V.R. Salai @ N.S.K. Nagar junction 3.00
E.V.R. Salai @ Vaishanava college 3.00
Inner Ring Road @ Ekkadu Thangal (near Malladi company) 3.00
Inner Ring Road @ 14th Avenue junction 3.00
Inner Ring Road @ Ashok Pillar 3.00
Inner Ring Road @ Arcot Road junction 3.00
Inner Ring Road @ C.M.B.T. 3.00
Inner Ring Road @ Kaliamman Koil junction 3.00
Inner Ring Road @ Thirumangalam Moogappair 3.00
Nungambakkam High Road @ IOC junction 3.00
Radhakrishnan Salai @ Q.M.C. 3.00
Sardar Patel Road @ Anna University 3.00
Sardar Patel Road @ C.L.R.I. 3.00
Kamarajar Salai in front of PWD Complex 3.00
College Road - Meterological Office point 3.00
Thiruvanmiyur ECR - Marundeeswarar koil point 3.00
N.S.K. Salai - Vadapalani Depot 3.00
N.S.K. Salai - Meenakshi College 3.00
Porur - M.P. Road junction 3.00
Greenways Road near Sathya Studio 3.00
Thiruvanmiyur - LB Road junction 3.00
Valasaravakkam - Arcot Road junction 3.00
Sub Total 102.00
Bus lay-byes & Shelters
Construction of Bus lay-byes and Bus Shelters (200 Nos.) 50.00
Bus Stand Improvement ULBs 2.70
Bus Stand Improvement SVP 0.75
Bus Stand Improvement VP 4.90

Sub Total 58.35


Utility Duct and Storm Water Drains along Major Roads
City Roads in Corporation limit (80 km length) 110.00
NH Urban and IRR (70 km length) 90.00
Sub Total 200.00
Peripheral Road Improvements
Vadaperumbakkam Chettimedu Nayariu Road and on to Minjur, 150.00
km 0/0-24/0 (our lane) length 24 km
Widening the link road connecting Kaliamman koil street with 47.00
NH 4 through Nerkundram road to act as a parrallel road to
Inner Ring Road behind the Koyambedu whole sale market. Km
0/0-2/4 (four lane) 2.4 km length
Sub Total 197.00
Construction of mini flyovers
@ UsmanRoad X Duraisamy road junction 20.00

178
CDP Chennai

Sl. Project Cost Rs. in Crores


No. (Broad Cost
Estimate)
@ North UsmanRoad X Kodambaj\kkam High road junction 10.00
@ G.N.Chetty Road X Thirumalai Road junction 18.00
Sub Total 48.00
Concreting of City Roads
Cockrane Basin Road
Tondiarpet High road
Konnur High Road
Anna Nagar III Avenue
Anna Nagar IV Avenue
MGR Salai 95.00
Ashok Nagar IVth Avenue
Ashokpillar Road
Anna Main road
Velachery Main Road
(To a length of about 20 km)
Sub Total 95.00
Multi level car parking
Near Panagal Park, T.Nagar 25.00
Broadway Bus Stand 45.00
MUC ground 15.00
Govt. Estate Anna Salai 30.00
Near Pattulos Road 15.00
MTC Bus Stand at T.Nagar 15.00
Sub Total 145.00
Road/Rail Crossings - ROB/RUB
At M.C. Road 14.00
At Korukkupet (near Railway Station) 22.00
At Bojaraja Nagar 5.00
At Kathivakkam High Road 25.00
At Villivakkam (LC2) 15.00
At Rangarajapuram 15.00
Sub Total 96.00
Improving Bus Route Roads (300 kms.) 300.00
Sub Total 300.00
Nesapakkam Road Widening 14.00
Sub Total 14.00
Road works including bridges/culverts
Ambattur - 933 works - 270.7 km 151.17
Avadi - 506 works - 475.68 km 79.24
Kathivakkam - 142 works - 37.77 km 5.12
Madhavaram - 1288 works - 328.40 km 66.05
Thiruvottiyur - 689 works - 482 km 105.20
Alandur - 848 works - 187.19 km 39.71
Pallavapuram - 1396 works - 374 km 83.74
Tambaram - 187 works - 178.25 km 43.87
Anakaputhur - 153 works - 56.57 km 8.26
Pammal - 626 works - 121.6 km 15.80
Puzhuthivakkam - 398 works - 120.94 km 22.92
Madhuravoyal - 321 works - 102.72 km 15.95

179
CDP Chennai

Sl. Project Cost Rs. in Crores


No. (Broad Cost
Estimate)
Poonamallee - 256 works - 105.01 km 10.39
Thiruverkadu - 150 works - 91 km 11.93
Valasaravakkam - 115 works - 82.22 km 12.54
Manali - 90 works - 26.50 km 3.26
Sub Total 675.15
Road works
Cement concreting - 939 works - 170.52 km 22.69
Black Topping - 1637 works - 438.45 km 38.61
Sub Total 61.30
Surrounding ULBs Roads 175.12
SVP Roads 61.30
VP Roads 145.10
Cement concreting of Pachayat roads- 66 km 10.00
Black Topping of roads 312 km 27.50
Sub Total 419.02
Rapid Transit System
MRTS extention from Velachery and Villivakkam (about 25 2,250.00
km)
Sub Total 2,250.00
Monorail (about 300 km) 15,000.00
Sub Total 15,000.00
Metropolitan Public Transport (Bus)
Condemnation of about 500 to 600 buses per year and its 733.00
replacement, and augmentation of about 500 to 600 buses per
year
Construction of 26 new depots 212.00
Construction of 10 new Bus Stations 30.00
Renewation of existing depots and bus terminus 100.00
Depot machinery and equipments for the new depots 50.00
Computerisation & networking 5.00
Electronic route boards 15.00
Electronic ticketing system 40.00
On-line GPS for vehicle tracking 35.00
PIS, IVRS system 80.00
Sub Total 1,300.00
Traffic Management Basic Infrastructure Needs
Heavy Recovery Vehicle 55.00
Light Recovery Vehicle 135.00
Two wheeler Recovery vehicle 144.00
Jeep 250.00
Trafic Propaganda Van 72.00
Traffic Marshal - Motor cycle with extra fittings 250.00
Interceptor Vehicle 108.00
Mortuary Van 40.00
Ambulance 90.00
Vehicle with emission Machine 24.00
Automatic Traffic Signal 200.00
Jn. Montoring System (CCTV with speed dome camera with 900.00
monitroing facility at control room

180
CDP Chennai

Sl. Project Cost Rs. in Crores


No. (Broad Cost
Estimate)
Localized CCTV 250.00
Plasma Screen TV (50 inches) 30.00
Vehicle Activated Signal 75.00
variable Messages 90.00
Sub Total 2,713.00
Red light Enforcement 175.00
Pelican Signals 30.00
Electronic Display Board 200.00
walkie Talkies 80.00
Mobile PA system 3.00
PA System 5.00
Speed Radar gun 90.00
Power Saw operatd with Petrol Engine 1.80
Xerox Machine 8.40
Computer with Printer & U.P.S 18.00
CD Writer 0.60
Video Cameara 8.00
Digtial Camera 7.20
Emergency Light (Inflated Light) 60.00
Reflective Iron Barricades 200.00
Sand Filled Palstic Barricades (1 M) 22.50
Traffic Flexi Cones 9.74
Batons (Rechargable) 9.50
Sub Total 928.74
Rubberised Spee Breaker (1/2 M) 22.00
Solar Cats Eye 20.00
Semi Circular Plastic Drum with handle 6.80
Flexible Delineators 20.00
Reflective Jackets 9.50
Reflective Sign Boards
Cautionary Sign Boards 48.00
Mandatory Sigh Boards 84.00
Traffic Education Park 200.00
Offset Printing Machine 50.00
Mobile Two Wheeller Parking Lot 100.00
Mobile Back Scatter (fir light vehicle check) 100.00
Traffic Management Center 500.00
Thermo Plastic Paint 180.00
Sub Total 1,340.30
Street Lighting
Special Village Panchayat 3.99
Village Panchayat 4.24
Total 19,504.08

181
CDP Chennai

ANNEXURE 4 – Breakup of W/S, SS & SWM Investments for CMA

Project Cost Rs. in Crores


(Broad Cost
Estimate)
Water Supply
Chennai Municipal Corporation
Surrounding ULBs
Special Village Panchayats
Village Panchayats
Total (For entire CMA, CMWSSB Cost Estimation) 6,321.00
Comprehensive Under Ground Sewerage Scheme
Chennai Municipal Corporation
Surrounding ULBs
Special Village Panchayats
Village Panchayats
Total (For entire CMA, CMWSSB Cost Estimation) 2,299.00
Solid Waste Management
Chennai Municipal Corporation 808.70
Surrounding ULBs 10.20
Special Village Panchayats 3.18
Village Panchayats 5.66
Slater House 20.07
Total 847.80

ANNEXURE 5 – Drainage & Water Bodies Investments for CMA

Components Cost Rs. in Crores


(Broad Cost
Estimate)
Macro Drainage
Straight Cut in south Buckingham Canal 70.00
Enlarging Buckingham Canal
a) North 40.00
b) Central 20.00
c) South 35.00
Cooum river Rehabilitation of banks and laying of souble lan road 70.00

Retrieval of river Pandugai, river training and developing it as inland 60.00


waterway
Cooum corridor improvement upto Kotattur Anicut 20.00
Sustainable Opening of Adyar mouth 15.00
Adyar estuary development and Kotturpuram protection 20.00
Road linking over left flank of Adyar upto Thiruneermalai bridge and 50.00
intern to Chembarambakkam tank by enlarging the left bank
Sustainable Opening of Muttukadu Mouth 10.00
Improving to Otteri Nullah and linking it at u/s with Cooum 20.00
Improvement to virugambakkam Arumbakkam Canal 30.00
Improvement to surplus course of North Chennai City affecting Tanks and 20.00
linking with Cooum river

182
CDP Chennai

Components Cost Rs. in Crores


(Broad Cost
Estimate)
Improvement to surplus course of southern tanks surplus and linking with 25.00
Adyar river
Tambaram to Thiruneermalai tank surplus feeding Pallikaranai and 60.00
improvement to Pallikaranai swamp and okkiam maduvu
Creek Development at Ennore 10.00
Kosasthalayar river protection at Nappalayam 10.00
Formation of artificial recharging structures in Adyar, Cooum and 60.00
Pallikarani basins
Formation of road and improvement to K.P.Canal, link canal and feeder 50.00
canal
Comprehensive Anti sea eroding protection to North Chennai Coast 120.00

Protection and preservation of Chennai city water supply Reservoirs and 50.00
tanks in and around Chennai Metropolitan area.
Sub Total 865.00
Micro Drainage
Chennai Municipal Corporation 252.00
Surrounding ULBs 72.35
Special Village Panchayats 38.05
Village Panchayats 146.81
Sub Total 509.21
Renovation of Ooranis
Chennai Municipal Corporation
Surrounding ULBs 9.91
Special Village Panchayats 3.37
Village Panchayats 1.58
Sub Total 14.85
Culvers
Special Village Panchayats 3.65
Village Panchayats 31.17
Sub Total 34.82
Total 1,423.88

ANNEXURE 6 – Investment Proposed in Urban Basic Services for Poor,


Parking Lots, Heritage & Recreation for CMA

Components Cost Rs.in Crores


(Rough Cost
Estimate)
Urban Basic Services for Poor
Chennai Municipal Corporation 1,319.96
CMA (Except Chennai City) 536.27
TNHB Proposals for LIG/EWS groups 2,031.00
Total 3,887.23
Parking Lots / Spaces
Special Village Panchayats 15.38
Sub Total 15.38
Village Panchayats 28.47
Sub Total 28.47

183
CDP Chennai

Components Cost Rs.in Crores


(Rough Cost
Estimate)
Total 43.85
Heritage and Recreation
Renovation/Development of Ripon buildings 18.00
Renovation/Development of V.P. Hall Building 5.00
Chennai Municipal Corporation 60.00
Surrounding ULBs 8.47
Special Village Panchayats 3.24
Village Panchayats 8.38
Total 103.08

ANNEXURE 7 – Investment Components in SWM for Corporation

Sl. Expenditure(Rs.
Solid Waste Management Projects Year
No Crores)
Setting up of Compost Plant of 500MT Capacity at
1 1st Year 12.00
Kodungaiyur Dumping Ground
Purchase of 20No's of HMV Vehicle for transportation of
2 1st Year 2.60
Garbage from Modernized Transfer Station at Zone III
Purchase of 30No's of HMV for Collection debris and
3 1st Year 3.80
Tree-Cuttings at 10 Zones
Purchase of 5 No's of prime movers for dumper places
4 1st Year 0.40
bins
Replacements of 500 No's of Tricycles for
5 1st Year 0.50
Door - Step Collection
6 Purchase of 12000 No's of Plastic Bins for Tri-cycles 1st Year 0.36
Construction of Maintenance Shed for Buuldozers
7 1st Year 0.72
at KDG & PDG
Construction of Office Room, Toilet, Security Room
8 1st Year 0.40
at KDG & PDG
Formation of interior roads for movement of vehicles
9 1st Year 0.72
at KDG & PDG
Erection of High Mast lighting 2 No's each at KDG &
10 1st Year 0.40
PDG
Replacement of 50 No's of HMV for collection of
11 1st Year 6.00
Garbage
12 Replacement of 30 No's of LMV for collection of Garbage 1st Year 3.00
Recruitment of Man Power 3000 S.W's for privatized
13 1st Year 21.60
Zones for Sweeping Collection and Transportation
Purchase of 80 No's of HMV and 60 No's of LMV for
14 1st Year 14.40
attending Conservancy in Zone VI, VIII & X

15 Privatisation of Conservancy in Arterial roads 1st Year 4.00


Providing Conveyer system facility at Transfer Stations
16 1st Year 4.00
for Sorting Garbage

184
CDP Chennai

Sl. Expenditure(Rs.
Solid Waste Management Projects Year
No Crores)

Sub Total 74.90

1 Setting up of Compost Plant of 500 MT Capacity at PDG 2nd Year 12.00


2 O & M Cost for compost plant at KDG 2nd Year 6.00
Replacement of 300 No's of Tri-cycles for Door slip
3 2nd Year 0.30
collection
4 Purchase of 12000 No's of Plastic Bins for Tri-cycles 2nd Year 0.36

5 Purchase of 1000 No's of Roto Molded Wheeled Bins 2nd Year 0.11
Purchase of 2 No's of Heavy Duty Capacitors
6 2nd Year 3.00
for KDG & PDG
7 Replacement of 50 No's of HMV and 30 No's of LMV 2nd Year 10.00
Construction of culverts and Drainage System for Leachet
8 2nd Year 2.00
Treatment at KDG & PDG
9 Construction of Modern - Transfer Station at Zone - V 2nd Year 3.00
Setting up of Plant for Manufacturing Refuse Derived
10 2nd Year 20.00
Fuel at KDG
11 Construction of Compound Wall all around at KDG 2nd Year 2.50

Sub Total 59.27

Operation & Maintenance cost for compost plant at KDG


1 3rd Year 13.00
& PDG
Replacement of 300 No's Tricycles for Door Step
2 3rd Year 0.30
Collection
3 Purchase of 12000 No's of plastic Bins for Tricycles 3rd Year 0.36
4 Purchase of 500 No's of Roto Molded Wheeled Bins 3rd Year 0.06
5 Replacement of 50 No's of HMV and 30 No's of LMV 3rd Year 11.00
Purchase of 4 No's Heavy Duty Bull Dozers at KDG &
6 3rd Year 4.00
PDG
Setting up of Plant for Manufacturing Refuse Derived
7 3rd Year 20.00
Fuel at PDG
Operation & Maintenance of Refuse Derived Fuel plant at
8 3rd Year 3.00
PDG
9 Construction of Compound Wall all around at PDG 3rd Year 2.50

Sub Total 54.22

Operation & Maintenance cost for compost plant at KDG


1 4th Year 13.00
& PDG

185
CDP Chennai

Sl. Expenditure(Rs.
Solid Waste Management Projects Year
No Crores)
Replacement of 300 No's Tricycles for Door Step
2 4th Year 0.30
Collection
3 Purchase of 12000 No's of plastic Bins for Tricycles 4th Year 0.36

4 Purchase of 500 No's of Roto Moulded Wheeled Bins 4th Year 0.07

5 Replacement of 50 No's of HMV and 30 No's of LMV 4th Year 11.00


Operation & Maintenance of Refuse Derived Fuel plant at
6 4th Year 6.00
KDG & PDG
Acquisition of New Landfill Site of 200 acres for future
7 4th Year 120.00
Disposal
Sub Total 150.73

Operation & Maintenance cost for compost plant at KDG


1 5th Year 13.00
& PDG
Replacement of 300 No's Tricycles for Door Step
2 5th Year 0.30
Collection
3 Purchase of 15000 No's of plastic Bins for Tricycles 5th Year 0.48

4 Purchase of 750 No's of Roto Molded Wheeled Bins 5th Year 0.08

5 Replacement of 50 No's of HMV and 30 No's of LMV 5th Year 11.00

Operation & Maintenance of Refuse Derived Fuel plant at


6 5th Year 6.00
KDG & PDG
7 Development of land for Scientific Engineered Landfill 5th Year 35.00
Sub Total 65.86

Operation & Maintenance cost for compost plant at KDG


1 6th Year 13.00
& PDG
Replacement of 300 No's Tricycles for Door Step
2 6th Year 0.30
Collection
3 Purchase of 18000 No's of plastic Bins for Tricycles 6th Year 0.54
4 Purchase of 1000 No's of Roto Molded Wheeled Bins 6th Year 0.12
5 Replacement of 50 No's of HMV and 30 No's of LMV 6th Year 11.00
Operation & Maintenance of Refuse Derived Fuel plant at
6 6th Year 6.00
KDG & PDG
Sub Total 30.96

Operation & Maintenance cost for compost plant at KDG


1 7th Year 13.00
& PDG
Replacement of 300 No's Tricycles for Door Step
2 7th Year 0.30
Collection
3 Purchase of 12000 No's of plastic Bins for Tricycles 7th Year 0.36

186
CDP Chennai

Sl. Expenditure(Rs.
Solid Waste Management Projects Year
No Crores)

4 Purchase of 1000 No's of Roto Molded Wheeled Bins 7th Year 0.12
5 Replacement of 50 No's of HMV and 30 No's of LMV 7th Year 11.00

Operation & Maintenance of Refuse Derived Fuel plant at


6 7th Year 6.00
KDG & PDG
Sub Total 30.78

Primary Collection Storage ,


Year Sorting & Transportation to Improvements to Landfills
Landfill Total
PDG KDG

1st Year 59.06 50.15 109.21


2nd Year 55.87 71.68 127.55
3rd Year 49.22 100.34 149.56
4th Year 25.73 32.22 57.95
5th Year 26.11 40.43 66.54
6th Year 146.46 25.91 172.37
7th Year 61.28 21.79 42.45 125.52
Total 423.7 238.62 146.35 808.70

187
CDP Chennai

ANNEXURE 8 – Detailed Project Component wise Investment in Village


Panchayats in CMA

188
CDP Chennai

ANNEXURE 9 – Detailed Investments in Sewerage Component for AUA’s &


DUA’s

189
CDP Chennai

ANNEXURE 10 – Project Population & Water Supply Demand for AUA’s &
DUA’s

190
CDP Chennai

ANNEXURE 11 – Details of Water supply investment proposed for Corporation

Details of Strengthening of Water Distribution System to be taken up Chennai City

Length of pipelines proposed


Sl. Name of Water
to be laid (in km)
No. Distribution zone
(D.I.) (M.S.)
1. Kilpauk 162.65 4.30
2. Anna Poonga 29.75 0.14
3. Southern Head Works 24.18 0.00
4. K.K. Nagar 60.33 1.03
5. Triplicane 23.07 1.00
Total 299.98 6.47

The details of the command area, population and water allocation for the five zones for which works
are now proposed to be taken up are detailed below:

Command Water allocation (MLD)


Population Population
Water Supply zone area
1991 2011 Phase I Phase II
(sq.km.)
Kilpauk 41.37 886337 1411172 161 197
Anna Poonga 5.40 314220 374150 49 52
Southern Head Works 7.79 134152 222636 25 31
K.K.Nagar 9.48 249716 423116 47 59
Triplicane 5.67 221543 272075 36 38

The existing distribution network is analysed and needs strengthening to handle the water requirement
of 2021 population. The following are the components of works envisaged in the project costing
Rs.338.36 crore:

Sl.No. Component Cost


(Rs.in Crore)
1. Improvements to Water Distribution Station in Kilpauk 48.25
2. Improvements to Water Distribution Station in Anna Poonga 12.32
3. Improvements to Water Distribution Station in Southern 1.92
Headworks
4. Improvements to Water Distribution Station in K.K. Nagar 23.96
5. Strengthening of water distribution system in Kilpauk zone 84.18
6. Strengthening of water distribution system in Anna Poonga zone 13.03
7. Strengthening of water distribution system in Southern Head 10.35
Works zone
8. Strengthening of water distribution system in K.K. Nagar zone 23.01
9. Strengthening of water distribution system in Triplicane zone 13.20
10. Providing valves in all 16 zones towards isolation of zones 16.00
11. Leak Detection and Rectification programme in Phase-VI 34.00
12. Proposals for extending basic amenities in unserved and 12.04
unsewered areas to benefit urban poor population
13. Reconstruction of raw water transfer conduits I & III and repairs 46.10
and rehabilitation of conduit II from Redhills to Kilpauk Water
Treatment Plant (each conduit 10 kms)
Total 338.36

191

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