Green IT Technical Survey: Naohiro Ooiwa / Ichiro Suzuki

Green IT Technical Survey
MIRACLE LINUX CORPORATION
Naohiro Ooiwa / Ichiro Suzuki

2009/04/08
Contents
Introduction Green IT standards / organizations Functionalities on Linux Real-world measurement Future ideas Summary
2009/04/08
Copyright 2000-2009 MIRACLE LINUX CORPORATION All rights reserved
Who are we? What do we do?

An IPA project: Green IT on Linux
Japanese government sponsored project Miracle Linux + LF-jp
Information-technology Promotion Agency

Providing technology and resources for IT in Japan IT Security / Software engineering / Open source etc.
Miracle Linux Corp.

Linux distributor (Asianux)
Linux Foundation Japan

you know...
2009/04/08
Project Goals
Finding problems in Green-IT on Linux/OSS
The report will be used as a base-line for IPAs planning.
Sharing the findings within the community

Encourage developers Make users aware of Green IT
2009/04/08
Four Steps
Survey of Green-IT standards and organizations Survey of Linux functionalities to reduce power consumption Evaluation of these functionalities Improvement ideas
Driver improvements to reduce power consumption of the e1000 NIC
2009/04/08
In this session...
We want to ...
Tell you our findings Get your feed-backs Discuss solutions / ideas
2009/04/08
Standards and Organizations

Standards
ENERGY STAR EPEAT
Organizations
The Green Grid The Climate Savers Computing Initiative
2009/04/08
ENERGY STAR
A program to reduce power consumption for personal desktops/laptops, not for servers. Required power saving modes
Off (ACPI S5) Sleep (ACPI S3) Idle
Power management is also required

WOL
Linux has already satisfied the requirements

2009/04/08
EPEAT
Environmental standard in U.S. to evaluate desktops, laptops, and monitors It has 51 evaluation items.
material / energy saving / packaging etc.
The result is categorized into Gold, Silver, and Bronze. Requiring ENEGY STAR on software part.
Linux has also satisfied this standard

2009/04/08
The Green Grid

Global consortium for data center and information center Provides wide range of white papers
Analysis of power distribution, power efficiency metrics, chassis configuration, recommend ways to save power ...
PUE is good, but hard to compare without detailed conditions Microscopic indicator is useful for software developers
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The Climate Savers

NPO that consists of companies and consumers who have high environmental consciousness. Detailed instructions to reduce power consumption for Windows and Mac.
How to power off display / stand-by / hibernate when a computer is idle
Comparable documents for Linux would be nice

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11
Linux Functionalities
Battery Life Toolkit Lm_sensors IPMI tools Powertop Hibernation (swsusp, uswsusp, TuxOnIce) Tickless idle Power Policy Manager mc/smt power saving policy Virtualization Power QoS Device Bus Power Management Display and Graphics Power Saving Wake On Lan WiFi
Many of these found in LessWatts

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12
Our impressions (1/2)

Major functions have been implemented on Linux
Functions / OSS Hibernation Suspend Power Management Monitoring by IPMI Monitoring by dedicated controllers Virtualization Linux Windows
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13
Our impressions (2/2)

But,
There is no de-facto standard benchmark tools in OSS. Interface to enable functions are not always easily accessible for users. Cant control uniformly. Open source management software to govern entire functions to reduce power?
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14
Bench Mark Tool

De-facto bench mark software is important for H/W vendor, S/W developer, and Users. Indicator is necessary to improve power consumption. Commercial software: SPECpower. The OSS like SPECpower is needed?
Or other kind of bench mark is needed?
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15
Uniform Control
Some functions to reduce power are implemented, but the interface is mainly CUIbase such as /proc/xxx, /sys/xxx This is not easy for users We think it is better if GUI tools are provided.
And its available from Desktop Environment (gnome, KDE, )
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16
Power Consumption Management

For administrators, set and monitor configuration and status of a lot of nodes are important.
JP1 can check status of these functionalities.
Integrated with OSS cluster monitoring software such as nagios, Zabbix, Hinemos etc.?
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Measurements
Measured the effects of the functions to reduce power consumption
to see the effects quantitatively not to get the precise reduction value that depends on the machines and H/W configurations.
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Setup
We measured total current by a shunt resister.
Not exactly the same as power consumption, but a good indicator. (cos ignored) Easy to measure
Shunt resister 1m or 10m
Digital Multi Meter Agilent 34401A
AC 100V
Computer
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19
Setup (contd)
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Target Computers
Server
DELL PowerEdge1950
Intel Xeon 5460 (3.16GHz) x 2 Memory 2GB HDD(SAS) 73GB (Seagate ST973402SS) x 2
Laptop
Panasonic CF-W4
Intel Pentium-M 1.2GHz x 1 Memory 768MB HDD(ATA) 40GB (TOSHIBA MK4025GASL) x 1
Focusing on idle state

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Tickless Idle
Long-term idle Boot
2% of 200W
PowerEdge 1950 / Cent5.2 / Kernel-2.6.27.1

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Processor Power Management (cpufreq)

governer:
performance 3%
governer: governer:
ondemand
ondemand

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23
HDD spin down (sdparm/hdparm)

HDD: HDD:
Spinning ~1%
HDD:
Spinning
Stopped

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Bus Power Management (USB)

Root Hub & USB-Mouse: Root Hub & USB-Mouse:
Active
Suspended ~1%

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Bus Power Management (PCIe)

PCI-e: PCI-e:
Active
Suspended ~0.5%

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Hibernation(swsusp)
Computer: Computer:
Working ~95%
Working
Computer:
Hibernated

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27
rf_kill
RF:
RF:
Active 4%
RF:
Active
Suspended
Panasonic CF-W4 / Ubuntu 8.10 / Kernel-2.6.24

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28
xbacklight
Backlight:
13%
Backlight:
100%
26%
Backlight:
50%
0% = Invisible
(Completely Dark)
Panasonic CF-W4 / Ubuntu 8.10 / Kernel-2.6.24

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Summary of the Measurements

Hibernation
Very effective as expected
Other functions that reduces power when idle

0.5 - 4% of the current is reduced Total sum: ~10% Cutting out peripheral devices is effective About 10% (times system idle fraction) of power should be reduced by present Linux/OSS.
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Peripheral Driver e1000 NIC

Disabling peripheral devices is very effective Some PCs has network devices even not used
unplug the network cable run ifdown command
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Environment
Machine/OS
DELL PowerEdge SC440 Linux 2.6.18 kernel (runlevel 1)
e100/e1000/e1000e driver
e100 3.5.10-k2-NAPI e1000 7.3.20-k2-NAPI e1000e: 0.2.9.5-NAPI
e100/e1000/e1000e NIC
e100 Intel 82557/8/9/0/1 Ethernet Pro 100 e1000: Intel 82541PI Gigabit Ethernet Controller e1000e: Intel 82572EI Gigabit Ethernet Controller
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Link Down of e100/e1000/e1000e
stay constant reduced reduced

0min
unplug the cable
4min
The e100 device doesnt reduce the power.

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33
Modification of e100 Driver

[problem]
doesnt let the power down when unplugging a LAN cable e100_watchdog 2 seconds if (Link is Down) pci_set_power_state(D3hot)
[solution]
set power state of a PCI device to D3hot at the check point of watchdog
10 seconds
pci_set_power_state(D0) and then check the state of Link
34
2009/04/08
Modified e100 Driver

D0 state
Average power
D3hot state
0min
unplug the cable
4min
In transitions to D0, there were big spikes.

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35
Changes by ifdown Command
stay constant stay constant reduced

0min
ifdown
4min
Only e1000e device is smart.

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36
Modification of e1000 Driver

[problem] doesnt let the power down when running ifdown command. [solution] set to the D3hot state at the end of e1000_close().
ifdown command e1000_close pci_set_power_state(D3hot)
ifup command e1000_open pci_set_power_state(D0)
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Modified e1000 Driver
reduced
0min 4min
ifdown Modified driver worked expectedly.

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38
NIC Driver Modification

Link-down/ifdown behaviors are different among drivers e100/e1000 hacks
e100(link-down): depending on polling period e1000(ifdown): effective
Same approach can be also applied to embedded area Future plan

Other enhancements Other drivers
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Proposal
Total control tools for users / admins Benchmark software Integrated cluster monitoring / management tool Aggressive device shut-down In-direct indicators other than powertop
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Summary
Surveyed about standards / organizations Linux implementation status Measured actual power reduction effects Proposed development ideas Started Linux improvements (e1000)
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41
Questions
What is standard / good way to measure power consumption? How do you think about,
Benchmark suite GUI configurator Integration in cluster management
Any other idea?
2009/04/08
42

Green IT Technical Survey: Naohiro Ooiwa / Ichiro Suzuki

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Green IT Technical Survey

MIRACLE LINUX CORPORATION

Naohiro Ooiwa / Ichiro Suzuki

Copyright 2000-2009 MIRACLE LINUX CORPORATION All rights reserved

Who are we? What do we do?

Information-technology Promotion Agency

Miracle Linux Corp.

Linux Foundation Japan

Copyright 2000-2009 MIRACLE LINUX CORPORATION All rights reserved

Sharing the findings within the community

Copyright 2000-2009 MIRACLE LINUX CORPORATION All rights reserved

Copyright 2000-2009 MIRACLE LINUX CORPORATION All rights reserved

Copyright 2000-2009 MIRACLE LINUX CORPORATION All rights reserved

Standards and Organizations

Copyright 2000-2009 MIRACLE LINUX CORPORATION All rights reserved

Power management is also required

Linux has already satisfied the requirements

Linux has also satisfied this standard

The Green Grid

The Climate Savers

Comparable documents for Linux would be nice

Many of these found in LessWatts

Our impressions (1/2)

Copyright 2000-2009 MIRACLE LINUX CORPORATION All rights reserved

Our impressions (2/2)

Copyright 2000-2009 MIRACLE LINUX CORPORATION All rights reserved

Bench Mark Tool

Copyright 2000-2009 MIRACLE LINUX CORPORATION All rights reserved

Copyright 2000-2009 MIRACLE LINUX CORPORATION All rights reserved

Power Consumption Management

Copyright 2000-2009 MIRACLE LINUX CORPORATION All rights reserved

Copyright 2000-2009 MIRACLE LINUX CORPORATION All rights reserved

Digital Multi Meter Agilent 34401A

Copyright 2000-2009 MIRACLE LINUX CORPORATION All rights reserved

Copyright 2000-2009 MIRACLE LINUX CORPORATION All rights reserved

Focusing on idle state

Long-term idle Boot

PowerEdge 1950 / Cent5.2 / Kernel-2.6.27.1

Processor Power Management (cpufreq)

PowerEdge 1950 / Cent5.2 / Kernel-2.6.27.1

HDD spin down (sdparm/hdparm)

PowerEdge 1950 / Cent5.2 / Kernel-2.6.27.1

Bus Power Management (USB)

PowerEdge 1950 / Cent5.2 / Kernel-2.6.27.1

Bus Power Management (PCIe)

PowerEdge 1950 / Cent5.2 / Kernel-2.6.27.1

PowerEdge 1950 / Cent5.2 / Kernel-2.6.27.1

Panasonic CF-W4 / Ubuntu 8.10 / Kernel-2.6.24

Panasonic CF-W4 / Ubuntu 8.10 / Kernel-2.6.24

Summary of the Measurements

Other functions that reduces power when idle

Copyright 2000-2009 MIRACLE LINUX CORPORATION All rights reserved

Peripheral Driver e1000 NIC

Copyright 2000-2009 MIRACLE LINUX CORPORATION All rights reserved

Link Down of e100/e1000/e1000e

stay constant reduced reduced

unplug the cable

The e100 device doesnt reduce the power.

Modification of e100 Driver

Copyright 2000-2009 MIRACLE LINUX CORPORATION All rights reserved

Modified e100 Driver

unplug the cable