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Code: R7410301 IV B.Tech I Semester (R07) Regular & Supplementary Examinations, November/December 2011 OPERATIONS RESEARCH (Mechanical Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks ***** 1 (a) Explain the significance of the following variables with examples. (i)Slack variables. (ii) Surplus variables.(iii) Artificial variables. (b) Use the two-phase simplex method to solve the following problem Maximize z=5 +3 2 + 1 +4 6 0 2 (a) State the assignment model; Describe an algorithm for the solution of the assignment problem. (b) A steel company has three open hearth furnacus and five rolling mills. Transportation cost (rupees per quintal)for shipping steel from furnacus rolling mills are shown in the following table Mills M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 Capacities (in quinlals) F1 4 2 3 2 6 8 4 5 2 1 12 furnacus F2 5 F3 6 5 4 7 3 14 4 4 6 8 8 Requirement (in quintals) What is the optimum slipping schedule? 3 (a) What is the replacement problem? When does it arise? (b) A computer contains 10,000 resisters. When any one of the resistors fails. It is replacing a single resistor is Rs 1 only. If all the resistors are replaced at the same time, the cost per resistor would be reduced to 35 paise. The percentage of surving by the end of the months is as follows. Month Surving by the end of months What is the optimum plan? 4 (a) Explain the following terms. i) Two-person zero sume game. (ii) Pure strategy is game theory. (b) Solve following game after reducing it to a 2x2 game Player B B1 B2 B3 Player A A1 1 7 2 A2 6 2 7 A3 5 1 6 Contd. in Page 2 0 1 2 3 4 100 97 90 70 30 5 15 6 0

Page 2 5 (a) Define queue and explain the various queue disciplines. (b) A branch of Punjab Nation bank has only one typist. Since the typing work varies in length (number of pages to be typed) the typing rate is randomly distributed approximating a poisson distribution with mean service rate of 8 letters per hour. The letters arrive at a rate of 5 per hour during the entire 8 hour work day. If the type writer is valued of Rs 1.50 per hour, determine (i) Equipment utilization. (ii) The percent time the an arriving letter has to wait. (iii) Average system time. (iv) Average cost due to waiting on the part of typewriter is it remaining idle. 6 (a) A stockiest has to supply 12,000 units of a product per year to his customer. The demand is fixed and known and the shortage cost is assumed is to be infinite. The inventory holding cost is Rs 0.20 per unit per month and the ordering cost per order is Rs .350 Determine (i) The optimum lot size. (ii) The time between the orders. (iii) Minimum total variable yearly cost. (b) The demand for an item is determistic and constant over time and it is equal to 600 units per year. The per unit cost of the item is Rs 50 while the cost of placing an order is Rs 5. The inventory carrying cost is 20% of the cost of inventory per annum and the cost of shortage is Rs 1 per month. Find the optimal order quantity when stock outs are permitted. If the stock outs are not permitted. What would be the loss to the company? 7 Solve the following problem by dynamic programming approach. Maximize z= Subject to . , + . , + =6 0

8 (a) Explain the importance of simulation is optimization and also list the merits and demerits of simulation. (b) Explain the application of simulation technique to the queuing problems. *****

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Code: R7410301 IV B.Tech I Semester (R07) Regular & Supplementary Examinations, November/December 2011 OPERATIONS RESEARCH (Mechanical Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks ***** 1 (a) What are the essential characteristics of OR? Enumerate various types of models. Give a brief account of methods used in model formation. (b) Solve the following L.P problem M-Simplex method Maximize z=3 Subject to 2 + 2 +3 3 4 0 2 (a) What is degeneracy in transportation problem? How is it resolved? (b) A company has one surplus truck in each of cities A,B,C,D and E and one dificity truck in each of the cities 1,2,3,4,5 and 6. The distance between the cities in virometers is shown in the matrix below. Find the assignment of trucks from cities in surplus to cities in dificity, so that the total distance covered by vehicles is minimum. A B C D E 1 12 10 11 6 8 2 10 18 10 14 12 3 15 25 3 10 11 4 22 15 8 13 7 5 6 18 8 16 12 5 9 13 12 13 10

3 (a) Describe the various types of replacement situations. (b) The following mortality rates have been observed for certain type of light bulbs. Month % failing by month end 1 2 3 4 5 10 25 50 80 100

There are 100 bulbs in use and it costs Rs 10 to replace an individual bulb which has burnt out. If all bulbs were replaced simultaneously, it would cost Rs 2.5 per bulb. It is proposed to replace all the bulbs at fixed intervals and individually those which fail between the intervals. What would be the best policy to adopt? 4 (a) How is the concept of dominance used in simplifying the solution of a rectangular game? (b) Used the graphical method for solving the following game and find the value of the game. Player B B1 B2 B3 B4 Player A A1 2 2 3 -2 A2 4 3 2 6

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Page 2 5 (a) Discuss the basic elements of a queuing line system. (b) An airlines organization has one reservation clerk on duty in its local branch at any given time. The clerk handles information regarding passenger reservation and flight timings. Assume that the number of customers arriving during any given period is poisson distributed with an arrival rate of 8 per hour and that the reservation clerk can serve a customer in six minutes an average, with an exponentially distributed service time. i) What is the probability that the system is busy? ii) What is the average time a customer spends in the system? iii) What is the average length of the queue and what is the number of customers in the system? 6 (a) Explain the terms set up cost, holding cost and shortage cost as applied to an inventory problem. (b) A company has a demand of 12,000 units/ year for an item and it can produce 2,000 such items per month. The cost of one setup is Rs. 400 and the holding cost/unit/month is Rs 0.15. Find the optimum lot size and the total cost per year, assuming the cost of 1 unit as Rs 4. Also find the maximum inventory, manufacturing time and total time. 7 Solve the following problems by dynamic programming approach. Minimize z= + + Subject to + + 15 0

8 (a) What is simulation? Describe the simulation process. What are the reasons for using simulation? (b) Explain the steps involved in Monte Carlo simulation for solving theoretical problems. *****

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Code: R7410301 IV B.Tech I Semester (R07) Regular & Supplementary Examinations, November/December 2011 OPERATIONS RESEARCH (Mechanical Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks ***** 1 (a) What is OR? Discuss the various phases of solving OR problems. (b) Use simplex method to solve the following problem. Maximize z=2 + Subject to + 24 3 + 21 + 9 0 2 (a) Explain the following methods with examples i) North-West corner method ii) Least cost method. iii) Vogels approximates method (b) There are five jobs, each of which is to be processing through three machines A,B,and C in the order ABC processing times in hrs are Machines Job 1 2 3 4 5 A 3 8 7 5 4 B 4 5 1 2 3 C 7 9 5 6 10

Determine the optimum sequences for the five jobs and the minimum elapsed time. Also find the idle time for the three machines. 3 A manufactures is offered 2 machines A and B. A is priced at Rs 5000 and running costs are estimated at Rs 800 for each of the first 5 years. Increasing by Rs 200 per year in the 6th year and subsequent years. Machine B which has the same capacity as A costs Rs 2,500 but which has running costs of Rs 1200 per year for 6 years increasing by Rs 200 per year thereafter. If the money is worth 10 % for per year which machine should be purchased? Assume that the machines will eventual by be sold for scrap at a negligible price.

4 (a) Explain Minmax and Maxmin principle used in the theory of games.

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Page 2 4 (b) The pay off matrix for a particular capacitive situation is as under Player B I II III I Player A II -2 III 5 i) ii) iii) 2 9 -3 7 7 6 3

Reduce the size of the game into 2x2 matrix by method of dominance Determine the optimal strategies Calculate the value of the game.

5 (a) Discuss the terms. (i)Traffic intensity (ii) ballring (iii) Reneging. (b) A self service store employs one cashier at its counter 9 customers arrive on an average every 5 minutes. While the cashier can serve 10 customers in 5 minutes. Assuming Poisson distribution for arrival rate and exponential distribution for service time find. i) Average number of customers in the systems. ii) Average number of customers in the queue. iii) Average time a custom spends in the system. iv) Average time a customer waits before being served. 6 (a) Yearly demand for a particular item is 6400 units. The cost of item is Rs 10 per unit cost of one procurement is Rs 200 and the inventory carrying cost is 20% per annum determine i) EOQ. ii) Number of orders per year. iii) Time between Two orders. (b) A repaired maintenance company is engaged in providing service to a particular brand of popular vehicle. IT uses 8000 units of a morky parts per year as replacement of the old parts. Each part cost Rs 250. The set up costs are estimated at Rs 100 and the inventory carrying cost is 207 of the inventory cost. Supply of the parts is at the rate of 80 per day. Calculate the following. i) Optimum order quantity. ii) Optimal number of setups. iii) Total variables cost based on optimal policy. 7 Solve the following LPP by dynamic programming Maximize z=2 + Subject to + 430 460 0

8 (a) What is a simulation? Describe its advantages and limitations in solving the problems. (b) Explain the application of simulating technique to an inventory problems. *****

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Code: R7410301 IV B.Tech I Semester (R07) Regular & Supplementary Examinations, November/December 2011 OPERATIONS RESEARCH (Mechanical Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks ***** 1 (a) What is linear programming? Write at least five applications areas of linear programming. (b) Solve the following LPP by using its dual. Maximise z=5 + Subject to 2 , , 0

2 (a) What is unbalanced assignment problem? How is it solved by the Hungarian method? (b) There are five jobs, each of which must go through machinery M1,M2, M3 in the order M1,M2,M3 processing times are given in table. Processing times Job M1 M2 M3 1 8 5 4 2 10 6 9 3 6 2 8 4 7 3 6 5 11 4 5 Determine the sequence for five jobs that will minimize the elapsed time and idle time for each machine. 3 (a) Write a note on group replacement policy. (b) Assume that present value of one rupee to be spent in a year time is Rs 0.90 and c = Rs 6000 capital cost of equipment. Running costs are given in the table below. Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Running cost (Rs) 1000 1200 1600 2000 2600 3200 4000 When should the machine be replaced? 4 (a) Define the following: a) Payoff matrix. b) Pure and mixed strategies. c) Saddle point. (b) Solve the game whose payoff matrix is given below: Player B B1 B2 B3 B4 Player A A1 3 2 4 0 A2 3 4 2 4 A3 4 2 4 0 A4 0 4 0 8 Contd. in Page 2

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5 (a) Explain the following (i) Arrival pattern (ii) Service patterns. (b) A super market has two girls ringing up sales as the counters. If the service time for each customer is exponential with mean 4 minutes and if people arrive in a Poisson fashion at the counter at the rate of 10 per hour. i) Calculate the probability that an arrival will have to wait for service. ii) Find the expected percentage of idle time for each girl. iii) If a customer has to wait find the expected length of his waiting time. 6 (a) Obtain an expression for the EOQ for any inventory model stating assumptions made. (b) A contractor has to supply 10,000 bearings per day to an automobile manufacturers. He finds that, when he starts a production run, he can produce 25,000 bearings per day. The cost of holding a bearing in stock for one year is 20 paise and setup cost of a production run in Rs 180. How frequently should producing run be made 7 (a) Explain the Bellman is principle of optimality (b) What is dynamic recursive relation? Describe the general process of backward recursion. 8 (a) What do you mean by simulation? Explain the types of simulation. (b) Discuss the Monte Carlo method of solving a problem. Illustrating it by outlining a procedure to solve a specified problem of your choice. *****