G u i d e l i n e s

f o r

HUMAN SETTLEMENT PLANNING AND DESIGN

VOLUME 1

Compiled under the patronage of the Department of Housing

by CSIR Building and Construction Technology

Compiled under the patronage of the Department of Housing

b y C S I R B u i l d i n g a n d C o n s t r u c t i o n Te c h n o l o g y

GUIDELINES FOR HUMAN SETTLEMENT PLANNING AND DESIGN

FOREWORD
The establishment of economically, physically, environmentally and socially integrated and sustainable built environments is one of the most important factors which will contribute to harnessing the full development potential of South Africa and addressing distortions of the past and the future needs of our growing population. This goal cannot be achieved without the active participation of especially local government, the private sector and communities in partnership with one another. This manual, Guidelines for Human Settlement Planning and Design, provides a guiding vision for South African settlement formation, addressing the qualities that should be sought after in our human settlements, and providing guidance on how these can be achieved. The publication has been developed over a period of more than two years through a participative process in which stakeholders and experts from various disciplines were involved. This book is intended to be a living document and you, the reader, are one of its architects. I therefore encourage you to use it, discuss it and debate the guidelines it contains. Still, this work is not the last word on the subject, and your feedback and comments would be welcome. Your active involvement will be the key to the successful attainment of sustainable, habitable living environments in South Africa.

MS S MTHEMBI-MAHANYELE MINISTER OF HOUSING

Foreword

GUIDELINES FOR HUMAN SETTLEMENT PLANNING AND DESIGN

Published by CSIR Building and Construction Technology P O Box 395, Pretoria, 0001 Copyright vests in the CSIR c 2000, CSIR, Pretoria Boutek Report No. BOU/E2001 Reprint 2005 Capture Press, Pretoria ISBN 0-7988-5498-7

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GUIDELINES FOR HUMAN SETTLEMENT PLANNING AND DESIGN

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The following persons and organisations were involved in the preparation of this document:

Project manager:
Mr L M Austin CSIR Boutek

Project coordinators:
Ms H D Bekker Dr S M Biermann Mr J S Stiff Ms L Vosloo Mr K M Wolhuter CSIR CSIR CSIR CSIR CSIR Boutek Boutek Transportek Boutek Transportek

Authors:
Mr A Adam Mr L M Austin Dr D I Banks Mr R Behrens Mr W Blersch Ms E Brink Ms K Burger Mr J W M Cameron Mr W D Cowan Prof D Dewar Mr L Druce Ms L C Duncker Mr O J Gerber Mr D J Jones Mr G Jordaan Ms T Katzschner Ms K Landman Ms A Lebelo Ms A Loots Ms N Mammon Mr G J Morris Dr P Paige-Green Mr E R Painting Mr C Sadler Mr J S Stiff Mr J S Strydom Mr H L Theyse Prof F Todeschini Prof R Uytenbogaardt Mr S van Huyssteen Prof A T Visser Dr K C Wall Prof V Watson Mr K M Wolhuter MCA Urban and Environmental Planners cc CSIR Boutek Energy & Development Research Centre, University of Cape Town Urban Problems Research Unit, University of Cape Town Ninham Shand (North) (Pty) Ltd, Consulting Engineers CSIR Boutek Burger & Waluk Town Planners TRC Africa (Pty) Ltd Energy & Development Research Centre, University of Cape Town School of Architecture & Planning, University of Cape Town VBGD Town & Regional Planners CSIR Boutek GIBB Africa (Pty) Ltd, Consulting Engineers CSIR Transportek Holm & Jordaan Architects and Urban Designers Urban Problems Research Unit, University of Cape Town CSIR Boutek Ninham Shand (North) (Pty) Ltd, Consulting Engineers Holm & Jordaan Architects and Urban Designers Mammon Rendall Planners and Designers cc Feather Energy CSIR Transportek Mothopo Technologies cc, Management & Engineering Consultants Bergman-Ingerop (Pty) Ltd, Consulting Engineers CSIR Transportek CSIR Boutek CSIR Transportek School of Architecture & Planning, University of Cape Town School of Architecture & Planning, University of Cape Town CSIR Transportek Department of Civil Engineering, University of Pretoria Ninham Shand (Pty) Ltd, Consulting Engineers Urban Problems Research Unit, University of Cape Town CSIR Transportek

The NRS Project, Eskom, provided material on electricity supply, based on documents approved by the Electricity Suppliers Liaison Committee, on which Eskom, AMEU, the Chamber of Mines and the South African Bureau of Standards are represented.

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Acknowledgements

GUIDELINES FOR HUMAN SETTLEMENT PLANNING AND DESIGN

Steering Committees:
Departmental representatives: Ms G Abrahams Gemey Abrahams Development Planning and Housing Policy Consultant Department of Civil Engineering, University of Pretoria Southern Metropolitan Local Council of Greater Johannesburg Association of Consulting Town and Regional Planners Department of Development & Planning, Gauteng Wade Refuse Department of Water Affairs & Forestry Department of Water Affairs & Forestry Department of Civil Engineering, University of Pretoria Eskom / NRS Development Bank of Southern Africa School of Architecture, Building and Civil Engineering, Peninsula Technikon Eastern Metropolitan Substructure of Greater Johannesburg Durban Metro CSIR Boutek Department of Minerals & Energy Palmer Development Group CSIR Transportek CSIR Boutek Greater Pretoria Metropolitan Council Department of Transport Africon, Consulting Engineers South African Planning Institution Department of Water Affairs & Forestry Department of Civil Engineering, University of Pretoria City Council of Pretoria Wates, Meiring & Barnard, Consulting Engineers Mr P F Jordaan Mr Mr Mr Mr Mr Mr Mr Ms Mr Ms M Krynauw Z Nofemela G Oosthuizen G Oricho A Otto S J Smit U Tembo L van Zyl J Wallis B Zinde Environmental Affairs & Tourism Transport Constitutional Development Water Affairs & Forestry Land Affairs Minerals & Energy Public Works Transport Trade & Industry Housing Environmental Affairs & Tourism

Prof W J R Alexander

Mr W S D Clarke

Mr P Dacomb Mr R Dauskardt Mr J de Meyer Mr F Druyts Mr S Hartley Prof E Horak

Provincial representatives: Mr Mr Mr Mr Mr Mr Mr Mr Mr Mr Mr Mr C W Browne C Burger J A Cattanach D B Dunstan A T Fourie S F Haasbroek H G Hadebe P Labuschagne M M Mokoena C H A Ratnam R J Stubbs M van der Merwe Gauteng Eastern Cape Gauteng KwaZulu-Natal Western Cape Northern Cape Mpumalanga Free State Free State North West KwaZulu-Natal Northern Province

Mr D Hunt Mr B M Jackson Mr A Lagardien

Mr N Letter

Others:
Mr Ms Mr Ms Mr Mr Mr Ms Ms Ms Ms R G Bhmer C du Plessis D M Kruger S Liebermann M Mavuso K J Mkhabela M Napier I S Oberholzer I Ringel L Slump B J van Reenen CSIR CSIR CSIR CSIR CSIR CSIR CSIR CSIR CSIR CSIR Boutek Boutek Boutek Boutek Boutek Boutek Boutek Boutek Boutek Boutek

Mr N A Macleod Mr G A Norris Mr A Otto Mr Mr Mr Mr I H Palmer G Schermers C J Schlotfeldt C Theron

Mr J van der Walt Dr I van Wyk Mr P S Van Zyl Mr P Vickers Prof A T Visser

Photographs, Chapter 6:
Mr E R Painting Mothopo Technologies cc, Management & Engineering Consultants

Mr H Vorster Mr J A Wates

Cover design:
Truter & Truter Design & Advertising (Pty) Ltd

Coordinating Committee: Design and layout:

CSIR Boutek representatives: African Watermark Graphic Design Mr L M Austin Mr C J Schlotfeldt
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Acknowledgements

GUIDELINES FOR HUMAN SETTLEMENT PLANNING AND DESIGN

RECORD OF REVISIONS AND AMENDMENTS

Revisions: Amendments:

Remove existing chapter(s) and substitute with the attached revised chapter(s). Remove existing page(s) and substitute the attached new page(s). A vertical line in the margin shows where a change has been made (there are no amendments to date).

Date August 2003 August 2003

Chapter 9 10

Title Water supply Sanitation

Rev No. 1 1

Amdt No. -

Page number(s) All All

Record of revisions and amendments

GUIDELINES FOR HUMAN SETTLEMENT PLANNING AND DESIGN

Index
Volume 1
Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Introduction A framework for settlement-making Spatial and structural principles for settlement-making Planning method and participation Planning guidelines 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 Movement networks Public transport Hard open spaces Soft open spaces Public facilities Land subdivision Public utilities Cross-cutting issues 5.8.1 Environmental design for safer communities 5.8.2 Ecologically sound urban development 5.8.3 Fire safety

Volume 2
Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12

Stormwater management Roads: Geometric design and layout planning Roads: Materials and construction Water supply Sanitation Solid waste management Energy 12.1 Grid electricity 12.2 Other forms of energy