Introduction

Internet is the talk of today. Each and everyone, at present, are familiar with this term. Because of the application of internet in all fields, it has become an inseparable part of life. Internet is the largest collection of worldwide networks, which are interlinked together. Presently several lacs of computers are interconnected with each other to share and exchange information. In other words, internet has interconnected people all over the world through networks and as such, has made the globe a village. The facility of internet has bridged the distance across the world. Today we can buy things form any corner of the world from our homes. The information can be exchanged instantly across the world. A teacher can teach to students sitting in a distinct country. We can buy a railway or air ticket while sitting at our homes. We can deposit or withdraw money without visiting a bank. This all is possible due to facility of internet. Today there is a hardly any field where the facility of internet is not being used.

What is Internet?
The Internet is a network of computer networks all over the world. When two or more computer devices are linked together, it is referred to as a network. When two or more networks are connected with one another, it is referred to as inter-network. The internet is a large network of networks connecting a large number of networks and inter-networks with one another across the world. The computers which are connected in a network can share and exchange information. The computers are connected with one another by wires, fiber-optic cables or wireless satellite.

HISTORY OF INTERNET
The history of the Internet starts in the 1950s and 1960s with the development of computers. This began with point-to-point communication between mainframe computers and terminals, expanded to point-to-point connections between computers and then early research into packet switching. Packet switched networks such as ARPANET, Mark I at NPL in the

UK, CYCLADES, Merit Network, Tymnet, and Telenet, were developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s using a variety of protocols. The ARPANET in particular led to the development of protocols for internetworking, where multiple separate networks could be joined together into a network of networks. In 1982 the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) was standardized and the concept of a world-wide network of fully interconnected TCP/IP networks called the Internet was introduced. Access to the ARPANET was expanded in 1981 when the National Science Foundation (NSF) developed the Computer Science Network (CSNET) and again in 1986 when NSFNET provided access to supercomputer sites in the United States from research and education organizations. Commercial internet service providers (ISPs) began to emerge in the late 1980s and 1990s. The ARPANET was decommissioned in 1990. Since the mid-1990s the Internet has had a drastic impact on culture and commerce, including the rise of near instant communication by electronic mail, instant messaging, Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) "phone calls", two-way interactive video calls, and the World Wide Web with its discussion forums, blogs, social networking, and online shopping sites. The research and education community continues to develop and use advanced networks such as NSF's very high speed Backbone Network Service (vBNS), Internet2, and National LambdaRail. The Internet continues to grow, driven by ever greater amounts of online information and knowledge, commerce, entertainment and social networking. It is estimated that in 1993 the Internet carried only 1% of the information flowing through twoway telecommunication, by 2000 this figure had grown to 51%, and by 2007 more than 97% of all telecommunicated information was carried over the Internet.

Advantages
Latest information: Internet helps to gain access to the latest information and knowledge which is available on the www. The required information can be downloaded on the computer, can be printed on paper or can be saved on any storage device. Communication with people: Internet can be used for exchanging ideas and information with other users through electronic mails (e-mails), chatting, talking, etc. across the world. For example if ones children have gone abroad for study or job, the parent can talk to them as if they are sitting face to face by using internet, web cam, mic etc. Buying-selling and banking: With the help of internet the goods and services can be purchased and sold on-line from ones home or office. Internet provides the facility of online banking. Now we can get information of our accounts and do banking transactions from anywhere in the world. On-line reservation: One can buy tickets of rail or plane from ones home if he or she has the facility of internet. Similarly, one can get a room in a hotel booked anywhere in the world through internet. The payments can be made on-line through credit card. Expansion of friendship circles: Internet works as a medium to bring together people can exchange their views through internet. Today there many forums and clubs of social networking on websites consisting of people of different age, caste, creed, religion, and nationality etc.They share their videos, pictures and passions all in one place. Educational information: With the help of internet we can instantly gain access to information available on the websites of various educational institutions and universities across the world. We can know about various courses, admission dates, fees, examination, results, text books, etc. on the internet form our home. Publicity and advertising: Internet provides an effective and efficient platform for publicity and advertising. As the number of internet users is increasing day by day, the business can be developed very fast by advertising on internet. If a product is being displayed on a site and it appeals someone, he or she may buy that instantly on-line.

Disadvantages
Theft of Personal information if you are using the Internet, you may be facing grave danger as your personal information such as name, address, and credit card number etc. can be accessed by other culprits to make your problems worse.

Spamming Spamming refers to sending unwanted e-mails in bulk, which provide no purpose and needlessly obstruct the entire system. Such illegal activities can be very frustrating for you, and so instead of just ignoring it, you should make an effort to try stopping these activities so that using the Internet can become that much safer.

Virus threat Virus is nothing but a program which disrupts the normal functioning of your computer systems. Computers attached to internet are more prone to virus attacks and they can end up into crashing your whole hard disk, causing you considerable headache.

Pornography: This is perhaps the biggest threat related to your children's healthy mental life. It is very serious issue concerning the Internet. There are thousands of pornographic sites on the Internet that can be easily found and can be a detrimental factor to letting children use the Internet.

Though, internet can also create havoc, destruction and its misuse can be very fatal, the advantages of it outweigh its disadvantages.

SERVICES OF INTERNET
Information Many people use the terms Internet and World Wide Web, or just the Web, interchangeably, but the two terms are not synonymous. The World Wide Web is a global set

of documents, images and other resources, logically interrelated by hyperlinks and referenced with Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs). URIs symbolically identifies services, servers, and other databases, and the documents and resources that they can provide. Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is the main access protocol of the World Wide Web, but it is only one of the hundreds of communication protocols used on the Internet. Web services also use HTTP to allow software systems to communicate in order to share and exchange business logic and data. World Wide Web browser software, such as Microsoft's Internet Explorer, Mozilla

Firefox, Opera, Apple's Safari, and Google Chrome, lets users navigate from one web page to another via hyperlinks embedded in the documents. These documents may also contain any combination of computer data, including graphics, sounds, text, video, multimedia and

interactive content that runs while the user is interacting with the page. Client-side software can include animations, games, office applications and scientific demonstrations. Through keyworddriven Internet research using search engines like Yahoo! and Google, users worldwide have easy, instant access to a vast and diverse amount of online information. Compared to printed media, books, encyclopedias and traditional libraries, the World Wide Web has enabled the decentralization of information on a large scale.

Communication Electronic mail, or email, is an important communications service available on the Internet. The concept of sending electronic text messages between parties in a way analogous to mailing letters or memos predates the creation of the Internet. Pictures, documents and other files are sent as email attachments. Emails can be cc-ed to multiple email addresses. Internet telephony is another common communications service made possible by the creation of the Internet. VoIP stands for Voice-over-Internet Protocol, referring to the protocol that underlies

all Internet communication. The idea began in the early 1990s with walkie-talkie-like voice applications for personal computers. In recent years many VoIP systems have become as easy to use and as convenient as a normal telephone. The benefit is that, as the Internet carries the voice traffic, VoIP can be free or cost much less than a traditional telephone call, especially over long distances and especially for those with always-on Internet connections such as cable or ADSL. VoIP is maturing into a competitive alternative to traditional telephone service. Interoperability between different providers has improved and the ability to call or receive a call from a traditional telephone is available. Simple, inexpensive VoIP network adapters are available that eliminate the need for a personal computer. Voice quality can still vary from call to call but is often equal to and can even exceed that of traditional calls. Remaining problems for VoIP include emergency telephone number dialing and reliability. Currently, a few VoIP providers provide an emergency service, but it is not universally available. Traditional phones are line-powered and operate during a power failure; VoIP does not do so without a backup power source for the phone equipment and the Internet access devices. VoIP has also become increasingly popular for gaming applications, as a form of communication between players. Popular VoIP clients for gaming

include Ventrilo and Teamspeak. Wii, PlayStation 3, and Xbox 360also offer VoIP chat features.

Data transfer File sharing is an example of transferring large amounts of data across the Internet. A computer file can be emailed to customers, colleagues and friends as an attachment. It can be uploaded to a website or FTP server for easy download by others. The load of bulk downloads to many users can be eased by the use of "mirror" servers or peer-to-peer networks. In any of these cases, access to the file may be controlled by user authentication, the transit of the file over the Internet may be obscured by encryption, and money may change hands for access to the file. The price can be paid by the remote charging of funds from, for example, a credit card whose details are also passedusually fully encryptedacross the Internet. The origin and authenticity of the file received may be checked by digital signatures or by MD5 or other message digests. These simple features of the Internet, over a worldwide basis, are changing the production, sale, and

distribution of anything that can be reduced to a computer file for transmission. This includes all manner of print publications, software products, news, music, film, video, photography, graphics and the other arts. Streaming media is the real-time delivery of digital media for the immediate consumption or enjoyment by end users. Many radio and television broadcasters provide Internet feeds of their live audio and video productions. They may also allow time-shift viewing or listening such as Preview, Classic Clips and Listen Again features. These providers have been joined by a range of pure Internet "broadcasters" who never had on-air licenses. This means that an Internetconnected device, such as a computer or something more specific, can be used to access on-line media in much the same way as was previously possible only with a television or radio receiver. The range of available types of content is much wider, from specialized technical webcasts to ondemand popular multimedia services. Podcasting is a variation on this theme, whereusually audiomaterial is downloaded and played back on a computer or shifted to a portable media player to be listened to on the move. These techniques using simple equipment allow anybody, with little censorship or licensing control, to broadcast audio-visual material worldwide.

Communication
Online chat may refer to any kind of communication over the Internet, which offers an instantaneous transmission of text-based messages from sender to receiver; hence the delay for visual access to the sent message shall not hamper the flow of communications in any of the directions. Online chat may address as well point-to-point communications as well as multicast communications from one sender to many receivers. History The first dedicated online chat service was the CompuServe CB Simulator in 1980, created by CompuServe executive Alexander "Sandy" Trevor in Columbus, Ohio. Ancestors include network chat software such as UNIX "talk" used in the 1970s. Cultural impact Despite being revising, chat can spill into the outside world. There can also be a strong sense of online identity leading to impression of subculture. Compare Internet sociology. Chats are valuable sources of various types of information, the automatic processing of which is the object of chat/text mining technologies.
Software and protocols The following are common chat programs and protocols:

AOL Instant Messenger (AIM) Camfrog Campfire Gadu-Gadu Google Talk iChat I2P-Messenger (anonymous, end-to-end encrypted im for theI2P network) ICQ (OSCAR) InSpeak Communicator Internet Relay Chat (IRC)

Videoconferencing
Videoconferencing is the conduct of a videoconference (also known as a video conference or video teleconference) by a set of telecommunication technologies which allow two or more locations to interact via two-way video and audio transmissions simultaneously. It has also been called 'visual collaboration' and is a type of groupware. Videoconferencing differs from videophone calls in that it's designed to serve a conference rather than individuals. It is an intermediate form of video telephony, first deployed commercially by AT&T during the early 1970s using their Picture phone technology. Technology Dual display: An older Polycom VSX 7000 system and camera used for videoconferencing, with two displays for simultaneous broadcast from separate locations. The other components required for a videoconferencing system include: Video input: video camera or webcam Video output: computer monitor , television or projector Audio input: microphones, CD/DVD player, cassette player, or any other source of PreAmp audio outlet. Audio output: usually loudspeakers associated with the display device or telephone Data transfer: analog or digital telephone network, LAN or Internet Computer: a data processing unit that ties together the other components, does the compressing and decompressing, and initiates and maintains the data linkage via the network.

URLs
In computing, a Uniform Resource Locator or Universal Resource Locator (URL) is a specific character string that constitutes a reference to an Internet resource. A URL is technically a type of Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) but in many technical document and verbal discussions URL is often used as a synonym for URI.

WWW
The World Wide Web (or the proper World-Wide Web; abbreviated as WWW or W3,[2] and commonly known as the Web) is a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet. With a web browser, one can view web pages that may contain text, images, videos, and other multimedia and navigate between them via hyperlinks. Using concepts from earlier hypertext systems, British engineer and computer scientist Sir Tim Berners-Lee, now Director of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), wrote a proposal in March 1989 for what would eventually become the World Wide Web. At CERN in Geneva, Switzerland, Berners-Lee and Belgian computer scientist Robert Cailliau proposed in 1990 to use hypertext "... to link and access information of various kinds as a web of nodes in which the user can browse at will", and they publicly introduced the project in December. "The World-Wide Web was developed to be a pool of human knowledge, and human culture, which would allow collaborators in remote sites to share their ideas and all aspects of a common project."

FTP
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a standard network protocol used to transfer files from one host from another host over a TCP-based network, such as the Internet. FTP is built on clientserver architecture and utilizes separate control and data connections between the client and server. FTP users may authenticate themselves using a clear-text sign-in protocol but can connect anonymously if the server is configured to allow it.

The first FTP client applications were interactive command-line tools, implementing standard commands and syntax. Graphical user interface clients have since been developed for many of the popular desktop operating systems in use today.

REMOTE LOGIN
Remote administration refers to any method of controlling a computer from a remote location. Software that allows remote administration is becoming increasingly common and is often used when it is difficult or impractical to be physically near a system in order to use it, or in order to access web material that is not available in one's location, for example viewing theBBC iPlayer from outside the United Kingdom. A remote location may refer to a computer in the next room or one on the other side of the world. It may also refer to both legal and illegal (i.e. hacking) remote administration COOKIE A cookie, also known as an HTTP cookie, web cookie, or browser cookie, is used for an origin website to send state information to a user's browser and for the browser to return the state information to the origin site. The state information can be used for authentication, identification of a user session, user's preferences, shopping cart contents, or anything else that can be accomplished through storing text data on the user's computer. Cookies are not software. They cannot be programmed, cannot carry viruses, and cannot install malware on the host computer. However, they can be used by spyware to track user's browsing activities a major privacy concern that prompted European and US law makers to take action. Cookies can also be stolen by hackers to gain access to a victim's web account.

Search engine
Search engines are the websites which are used to search information on the internet. What will you do if you want to locate for a particular site or confirmation but you dont have its web address? Search engine helps you to locate for particular site for you to search the information. A search engine is a program which searches through database of web pages for desired information. You have to type the words in blank box of the search engine and click over Search button. Search engine will look for the required information by taking a few seconds. It will show you the results and you can select something of your interest and you will gain access to the information or website which you wish to find. Some popular search engines are Yahoo Google Sify Msn Khoj Infos Alta vista Excite etc. Search engines help you to access the desired information in two ways-by categories of information and by keywords. Some search engines group the whole information into different categories. These search engines are like libraries which divide the information on different subjects into different categories.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN INTERNET AND INTRANET

An Internet is a public network that anyone could use or have access to. An Intranet is a private network which requires a VPN connection (usually) and a valid user-name and password (or other authentication). An intranet is usually a company website only employees can access.

INTERNET

INTRANET Faster access speeds (e.g. connectivity).

Slow access speeds (e.g. 56Kbps dial up connectivity)

100Mbps LAN

Different types of web browsers are used to view the website (e.g. Standardized type of browser. Minimal or no compatibility issues

Netscape, IE, Opera)

Different types of operating systems are used to view the website (e.g. Windows, Mac)

Standardized type of operating systems. Primarily local audience

Global audience (e.g. multilingual, different cultures)