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〔Technical Data〕 〔Technical Data〕

Surface Roughness by Different Processing Methods Indications of Geometrical Tolerance on Drawings Excerpt from
JIS B 0021（1984）

Arithmetical mean Kinds and Symbols of Geometrical Tolerances

0.025 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.8 1.6 3.2 6.3 12.5 25 50 100
roughness Ra Kind of tolerance Symbol Definition of tolerance zone Examples of diagrammatical indication and its interpretation
Maximum peak Ry 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.8 1.6 3.2 6.3 12.5 25 50 100 200 400 Where symbol φ is attached before the numerical φ0.08 Where a tolerance frame is connected to
Former Rmax. −S −S −S −S −S −S −S −S −S −S −S −S −S
value indicating a tolerance zone, this tolerance the dimension showing the diameter of a
designations Straightness zone is a zone in a cylinder of diameter t. cylinder, the axis of the cylinder shall be

φ
Standard values tolerance contained a cylinder of 0.08mm diameter.

φt
of of standard length 0.25 0.8 2.5 8 25
surface (mm) The tolerance zone is a zone held This surface shall be contained
roughness between two parallel planes a between two parallel planes
Triangular indication ▽▽▽▽ ▽▽▽ ▽▽ ▽ − 0.08
Flatness distance t apart. 0.08mm apart.
Forging Precision tolerance

t
Casting Precision t The tolerance zone in the considered 0.1 The circumference in any section
plane is a zone between two concentric normal to the axis shall be contained
Die casting Circularity circles a distance t apart. between two concentric circles
tolerance 0.1mm apart on the same plane.
Hot rolling Form
tolerance

t
The tolerance zone is a zone The considered surface shall be
Cold rolling contained between two coaxial 0.1 contained between two coaxial
Drawing Cylindricity cylinder surfaces a distance t apart. cylinder surfaces 0.1mm apart.
tolerance
Extruding
The tolerance zone is a zone held In any cross-section parallel to the projection
Tumbling between two lines enveloping circles of 0.04 plane the considered profile shall be contained

t
φ
Profile tolerance diameter t, the centers of between two lines enveloping circles of 0.04mm
Sandblasting
of line which are situated on a theoretically
exact profile line.
in diameter, the centers of which are situated on
a line having the theoretically exact profile.
Rolling
The tolerance zone is a zone held The considered surface shall be contained
between the two surfaces enveloping 0.02 between two surfaces enveloping the
Face cutter grinding Precision
Profile tolerance the spheres of diameter t, the centers spheres of diameter 0.02mm, the centers
Planing of surface ｔ
Sφ of which are situated on a theoretically
exact profile surface.
of which are situated on a surface having
the theoretically exact profile.
Carving
（Slotting） The tolerance zone is a zone held 0.01 A The surface shown by the arrow of the leader
between two parallel planes parallel line shall be contained between two planes

t
Cutter grinding Precision Parallelism to the datum plane and a distance t parallel to the datum plane A and 0.01mm

Precision boring tolerance apart from each other. apart from each other in the direction of the
arrow of the leader line.
A
Filing Precision φt Where symbol φis attached before the numerical φ The axis of the cylinder shown by
φ0.01 A
Orientation value indicating the tolerance, the tolerance zone the arrow of the leader line shall
Round grinding Precision Fine Medium Rough Perpendicularity is a zone within a cylinder of diameter t be contained within a cylinder of
Working tolerance
tolerance perpendicular to the datum plane. diameter 0.01mm perpendicular
method Boring Precision A to the datum plane A.
t The tolerance zone is a zone held between 0.08 A The surface shown by the arrow of the leader line
Drilling two parallel planes inclined at the specified shall be contained between two parallel planes

Angularity
which are inclined at 40°with theoretical exactness
angle to the datum plane and a distance t 40°
Reaming Precision to the datum plane A and which are

α
tolerance apart from each other. 0.08mm apart from each other in the direction
Precision A of the arrow of the leader line.
Broach grinding
The tolerance zone is a zone within a circle or B φ0.03 AB The point shown by the arrow of the leader
Shaving line shall be contained within a circle of

t
sphere of diameter t having its center at the
Positional
0.03mm diameter having its center at the

60
theoretically exact location, hereinafter referred to true location 60mm and 100mm apart,
True
Grinding Precision Fine Medium Rough tolerance location as the“true location”.
100
A
respectively,from the datum straight line
A and from the datum straight line B.
Precision
Hone finishing Coaxiality Where symbol φ is attached before the numerical φ0.01 A The axis shown by the arrow of the
tolerance
A

φt
Super finishing Precision Location value indicating the tolerance, the tolerance zone leader line shall be contained within
or is a zone within a cylinder of diameter t whose a cylinder of 0.01mm diameter
tolerance concentricity axis agrees with the datum axial straight line. whose axis agrees with the
Buffing Precision
tolerance datum axial straight line A.
Paper finishing Precision The tolerance zone is a zone held between
0.08 A
The median surface shown by the arrow of
A
two parallel planes a distance t apart from the leader line shall be contained between

t
Lapping Precision Symmetry each other and arranged symmetrically about two parallel planes 0.08mm apart from

Liquid honing Precision tolerance the datum median plane. each other and arranged symmetrically
about the datum median plane A.
Measuring plane The tolerance is a zone between two concentric 0.1 A−B The run-out in the radial direction of the cylinder
Burnishing circles whose centers agree surface shown by the arrow of the leader line

t
with the datum axial straight line on any
Circular run-out

φ
shall not exceed 0.1mm on any measuring plane

φ
Surface rolling measuring plane normal to the datum axial normal to the datum axial straight line when the
Toleranced straight line and which are a distance t apart
tolerance surface from each other in the radial direction. cylinder is rotated by one rotation about the
Electric discharge carving Run-out A B datum axial straight line A-B.
tolerance The tolerance zone is a zone between two 0.1 A−B The total radial run-out of the cylinder surface
Wire cut electric spark coaxial cylinders having axes agreeing with shown by the arrow of the leader line shall not
Total run-out

Chemical polishing
Electrolytic abrasion
φ
the datum axial straight line and a distance exceed 0.1mm at any point on the cylinder
Precision surface when the cylinder part is rotated about
tolerance t apart from each other in the radial direction.
A B
the datum axial straight line A-B with a relative
movement in the axial direction.
Precision
Lines used in the drawings in the column of“definition of tolerance zone”indicate the following meanings：
Thick solid line or broken line：Feature Thin alternate long and short dash line：Center line
Thick alternate long and short dash line：Datum Thin alternate long and two short dashes line：Supplementary projection plane or sectional plane
Thin solid line or broken line：Tolerance zone Thick alternate long and two short dashes line：Projection of a feature to supplementary Projection plane or sectional plane

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