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Regional Approaches to Sustainable Development

Yaming Han & Harris, Roberteau, IV






Abstract
Sustainable development is critical to our lives and world, especially Ior rural region.
It`s always hard to Iind a model which can directly achieve the purpose oI sustainable
development. Basing on many studies and researches, this article simpliIied the
principles behind sustainable development, and Iind out the regional approaches to
make it come true in our real world. Examples are added into article to help people
easy understand the methods mentioned.

ey word:
Sustainable development, Regional Approaches, Government, Economic, Public




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Introduction

Sustainable development (SD) is a pattern oI resource use, which aims to meet human
needs while preserving the environment so that these needs can be met not only in the
present, but also Ior generations to come (sometimes taught as ELF-Environment,
Local people, Future). Now, a more oIten-quoted deIinition oI sustainable
development is that meet the needs oI the present without compromising the ability oI
Iuture generation to meet their own needs.

Sustainable development ties together concern Ior the carrying capacity oI natural
systems with the social challenges Iacing humanity. Carrying capacity oI a biological
species in an environment is the maximum population size oI the species that the
environment can sustain indeIinitely, given the Iood, habitat, water and other
necessities available in the environment. In population biology, carrying capacity is
deIined as the environment's maximal load. While Systems ecology is an
interdisciplinary Iield oI ecology, taking a holistic approach to the study oI ecological
systems, especially ecosystems. Systems ecology can be seen as an application oI
general systems theory to ecology. Central to the systems ecology approach is the idea
that an ecosystem is a complex system exhibiting emergent properties. Systems
ecology Iocuses on interactions and transactions within and between biological and
ecological systems, and is especially concerned with the way the Iunctioning oI
ecosystems can be inIluenced by human interventions.

When connected with the real world, sustainable development is meaningIul and has
many realistic values. It involves local people and provides them with rewarding,
immediate work, income, and education. Second, preserves Iunctionality and diversity
oI system while providing a wide range oI economic beneIits. Third, promotes the
diversiIication oI Iorest products including non-wood Iorest products (NWFPs).
Fourth, preserves the natural services provided by Iorests and Iinally provides a niche
Ior indigenous peoples in modern, Iree market society should they choose.

Since sustainable development beneIits us so much, we really need highlight the
importance and necessary oI maintaining and developing the sustainable development,
so that to achieve the balance moving on our liIe and the natural progress, especially
in rural regions and communities.

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Regional Approach to Sustainable Development

As we mentioned above, sustainable development is a concept that operates on many
levels and uses many terms, such as livability, smart growth, or triple bottom line
development. Sustainable conjures up diIIerent images depending on the scale and
context in which it is used: it might mean compact, walkable neighborhoods;
mixed-use, transit oriented development; preserved open space networks with
abundant recreation opportunities; adaptive reuse oI historic buildings and many
more.

Compared with well developed urban area and big cities, rural regions and
communities still have a long way to go. The Iact is that only the rural regions and
communities develop in a health way, can the whole society be growing Iast and in a
right direction.

From a regional perspective, sustainable development integrates land use, economic,
housing, environmental, and other planning processes and programs into a
comprehensive approach to growth and development issues. This approach promotes
sound decision-making to support quality investment that will have a lasting positive
impact on a region or community.

Ultimately, sustainable development is about Iinding ways to improve Americans`
quality oI liIe. Sustainable approaches to community development incorporate
measures that improve a person`s day-to-day experience such as shorter commutes or
proximity to neighborhood parksas well as broader measures that have more
Iar-reaching, lasting impacts Ior a community as a whole, such as Iair housing, quality
education, and the restoration oI critical natural resources. This concept aims to build
a healthier and more equitable nation where residents and workers have more choices
and see a reduced burden oI housing and transportation costs.

To consider place-based, quality economic development, regions and communities are
evaluating their assets, determining their goals, and articulating a shared vision Ior
Iuture growth. Sustainable regions and communities are empowered to support
existing neighborhoods, strengthen critical capital investments, and transIorm unique
assets into valued products and services Ior local beneIit. This approach allows
regions to better protect and enhance their cultural heritage, historic Ieatures, and
natural assets, including working landscapes, wildliIe habitat, and clean air and water.
It reIlects an attitude toward development that champions the durability and longevity
oI investments and relies on distinctive, high quality design that will have lasting
impacts.

Regional approach includes:
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Data analysis and tools
Public engagement;
Transportation and inIrastructure systems;
Quality economic development;
Cultural landscapes;
Local government coordination.

Data analysis and tools

Usually, there are servile kinds oI data collection and analysis methods used Ior
sustainable development. Each oI them has diIIerent principle but same result. Based
on particular case, we can apply optimum method. The Iollowing are commonly
mentioned tools.

Geographical Environmental Management System (GEMS)
A Geographical Environmental Management System (GEMS) will combine several
tools using a GIS base Iormat. All tools included in GEMS will run "in the
background" with the user only aware oI the results. Such results may be obtained in a
database Iormat (reports) or in a geographical Iormat (maps and overlays showing the
relative physical position oI various data points). InIormation in either Iormat can be
organized, sorted, and accessed according to the needs oI the user. Data wizards will
be developed to help users` link existing databases and query the program Ior
inIormation that is needed. A demonstration version will be completed and tested
beIore Iinal development and distribution oI theprogram.

Data wizards are being completed using data Irom a range oI Iederal Iacilities. As in
Florida, we have plenty oI GIS data which covers almost every corner and even a very
little stuII.

Geophysical Information System (GIS)

A geographic inIormation system, geographical inIormation science, or geospatial
inIormation studies is a system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze,
manage, and present all types oI geographically reIerenced data. In the simplest terms,
GIS is the merging oI cartography, statistical analysis, and database technology.
GIS can be an integrating multidisciplinary tool that brings together inIormation and
experts Irom diverse and disparate backgrounds. Survey data can be directly entered
into a GIS Irom digital data collection systems on survey instruments using a
technique called coordinate geometry (COGO). Positions Irom a global navigation
satellite system (GNSS) like Global Positioning System (GPS), another survey tool,
can also be collected and then imported into a GIS. A current trend in data collection
gives users the ability to utilize Iield computers with the ability to edit live data using
wireless connections or disconnected editing sessions. This has been enhanced by the
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availability oI low cost mapping grade GPS units with decimeter accuracy in real time.
This eliminates the need to post process, import, and update the data in the oIIice aIter
Iieldwork has been collected. This includes the ability to incorporate positions
collected using a laser rangeIinder. New technologies also allow users to create maps
as well as analysis directly in the Iield, making projects more eIIicient and mapping
more accurate.
!ublic engagement

Regional sustainable development is not only about private issue, but need the whole
society taking part in. With the increased requirement Ior sustainable development,
public engagement is going to be a necessary part in gaining this purpose.

Public engagement is a term that has recently been used, particularly in the UK, to
describe "the involvement oI specialists listening to, developing their understanding
oI, and interacting with, non-specialists". When connected with sustainable
development, it incorporates diverse stakeholders, engage various types oI groups and
interests, and rely on sweeping public outreach to direct regional strategic planning
and decision-making. To be speciIic, it contains Iour aspects:
1. Involving public members and / or organizations in decisions about that aIIect their
neighborhoods
2. Encouraging public members to become involved in activities and / or services delivered at
a neighborhood level
3. Public members working with others to address needs they have identiIied in their
community
4. Activity that creates strong communities, which in turn contribute to wider social goals

In order to judge whether public engagement promotes more sustainable behavior by
organizations and individuals, it is necessary to identiIy key Ieatures oI more sustainable
behavior. We have thereIore brieIly summarized some recent attempts to measure sustainable
behavior by organizations and individuals. We have also held an internal CAG discussion on
the subject.

Organizational Change
A new project managed by the International Council Ior Local Environmental Initiatives
(ICLEI) Local Evaluation 21, is designed to help authorities to selI-evaluate the quality and
progress oI local processes Ior sustainability. The evaluation primarily considers local
authority processes Ior sustainable development but also considers progress under 15
headings ranging Irom employment to social cohesion.

Individual and Household change
Sustainable consumption has been the subject oI much discussion during the current UK
Sustainable Development Strategy review. To help inIorm the debate, the Central OIIice oI
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InIormation commissioned a literature review into consumer behavior and sustainable
development. This has recently been published in two reports (%e Impact of Sustainable
Development on Public Beavior and Driving Public Beavior for Sustainable Lifestyles,
Andrew Danton 2004.)

Transportation and infrastructure systems

As an important part oI people`s liIe and economic blooming, transportation and
inIrastructure contribute much to the regional sustainable development. So addressing
the sustainability oI transportation systems is a critical activity as evidenced by a
growing number oI initiatives in both urban and rural area to deIine and measure
sustainability in transportation planning and inIrastructure provision.

Study shows America`s inIrastructure is currently strained to a state oI limited
Iunctionality. Increased ridership and depleting Iunds have caused many state and
Iederal departments oI transportation to become connected with Iuture oI America`s
roads. In this way, much reasonable design and maintenance are required to get a
sustainable development in transportation.

One oI the most eIIective methods Ior gathering right design Ior developing a
long-term regional vision is calculating the Iinancial costs and beneIits oI
coordinating land use and transportation investments with economic development
goals and natural resource stewardship objectives. Under strong data analysis,
cost/beneIit analyses can help us clariIy regional priorities and guide local
decision-making. Besides, there are also ways to integrate the various types oI
inIrastructure that support their regions-transportation, energy, water supply, social
and proIessional networks, and others-to better align resources and promote their
regions` competitive advantages.

Land use
The relationships among land use, transportation, and the environment are at the heart
oI sustainable development in rural area. Many researches and models have emerged,
not only in response to the legislation but also Irom the growing requirement Ior
sustainable development that promote closer linkage oI land use and transportation
planning.

Transportation investment
To get better transportation, it is necessary to invest much on the density or
connections oI roads. The increase oI the density oI transport connections and
accessibility can reduce transport input per unit oI production, improve reliability oI
(just-in-time) good deliveries and diminish inventories and storage cost, leading to
Iirm productivity gains, particularly in urban areas. Such improvements can also
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induce a clustering oI Iacilities in a certain place, thus yielding Iurther productivity
gains (agglomeration economies). Nonetheless, enhanced accessibility may cause
centriIugal Iorces by allowing some Iirms to reduce their land costs by choosing low
rent locations away Irom dense activity centers.

Natural resource
Natural resource should always be taken part in the design oI transportation and
inIrastructure, especially Ior rural area. Transportation can always connect them with
residents and industry to promote and advance the development oI local economic as
well as sustainable environment.

Quality economic development

Increasingly, people now are recognizing that sustainable development initiatives
mean quality economic development Ior rural and small metropolitan regions. By
linking strategies that promote local and regional assets with land use planning,
natural resource protection, and transportation programs, we need Iind approaches to
rural economic development that emphasize entrepreneurial development, attraction
oI knowledge workers, relationship building, and rural wealth creation.

These approaches should be based on three Iactors: population, resources and
environment. The quantity, quality and structure oI population provide guarantee Ior
regional sustainable development. The abundance and quality oI resources decide
mode oI regional economic development and the way oI utilizing regional resources.
At the same time, the conditions oI using and protection oI resources has also greatly
aIIected the environment. Environment provides material, inIormation and energy Ior
regional economic development and is reliable natural guarantee Ior human liIe. The
situation oI environmental protection also has an impact on the use oI resources.

!opulation
As those areas have large amount oI people, the ecological environment is Iragile and
the resource per person is insuIIicient. In the area with blocking traIIic and poor living
conditions, some people still cannot completely get rid oI poverty, and the
contradictions between development and environment is very acute. Even now people
is not crowd too much in America, we still need to be clear that it can be a Iactor in
causing a lot oI diIIiculty to social security and hindered regional economic
sustainable status and development.

Resource
Industrialization and urbanization is a process, during which the total economic and
social development is continuous expanding, and it will inevitably bring about a lot oI
resources consumption and resource and environment problems. The problems oI
resources and environment come Irom diIIerent aspects in the process oI regional
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development, but it is signiIicantly reIlected on the pressure oI energy and natural
resources.

Environment
Ecological environment is the basic condition oI human survival and development
and it is the base oI economic and social development.

AIter taking all these Iactors into consideration, some particular approaches are
developed Ior regional economic sustainable blooming:
1. Changing the mode oI economic growth
2. Utilizing natural resources sustainably and protecting ecological environment
3. Establishing economical development mode
4. Accelerate the development oI urban agglomeration
5. Achieving and maintaining sustainable development oI production, circulation
and consumption
6. Devoting major eIIorts to developing human resources

Sustainable development oI regional economy is an important component oI global
sustainable development strategy. It is restricted by population, resources,
environment and some other Iactors. Only by changing the economic growth pattern,
adopting an economical development model, emphasizing ecological recovery and
environmental protection in the process oI economic growth, implementing
sustainable regional development strategies and promoting the construction oI
regional sustainable development ability, can we realize the coordinated development
oI population, resources, environment and economy in the region.

Cultural landscapes
Cultural Landscapes have been deIined as distinct geographical areas or properties
uniquely which represents the combined work oI nature and oI man. This is an
inevitable Iactor when talk about sustainable development in a regional area. In the
broadest sense, the sustainable development strategy oI the regions with the cultural,
historical and natural heritage includes:
1. Public and private actors
2. Human, landscape and cultural resources
3. Activities and inIrastructure in the region

Since sustainable development is rooted in place-based initiatives, unique to each
region and community, people indentiIying ways to protect and enhance distinctive
regional attributes that help shape a sense oI place. Networks oI cultural amenities and
historic Ieatures Iorm the regional identity that attracts and retains residents,
businesses, and visitors. Additionally, measures that support a region`s unique
character ensure the viability oI a mixture oI types oI businesses, tourist-based and
otherwise.
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Political approaches:
The core oI political approaches is spatial planning, which aims at reducing land
consumption and settlement development, maintenance oI Iertile soils. On the other
hand, actions like preservation, maintenance, development, and re-valorization oI
cultural landscapes and integration into spatial planning.

Holistic approach:
In order to better understand this method, the organization chart is provided.

The principles in achieving the sustainable development by approach oI cultural
landscape:
1. IdentiIication and deIinition oI the elements
2. The need Ior preparing development strategy
3. The use oI the notion oI cultural landscape
4. The strategy and guidelines Ior the preservation oI cultural landscape
5. DeIining the network oI actors
6. Compiling a list oI experts and reIerence institutions
7. Strengthening the process oI local development

Local government coordination
Local government coordination, which means government take part in the activities oI
sustainable development as well as provide necessary policy and Iinancial support, is
one oI the eIIective way to enhance and promote the regional sustainable development
plans.

As it does, local government can:
1. Provide leadership, coordination, representation and advocacy Ior Local
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Government on regional issues
Facilitate, co-ordinate and undertake region-wide activity Ior the beneIit oI
Council communities
3. Foster strong and positive relationships with key stakeholders including
government, other regional organizations private enterprise and the community.
4. Support and encourage collaboration with other regional local government
associations
5. Encourage co-operation between Constituent Councils
6. Maintain sound organizational governance practices

When applied these Iunctions into sustainable development, three basic strategies are
initiated:
Directing the development path towards sustainability
Government is the most powerIul organization in directing the regional development
and plans. Moving towards sustainable development requires each and every country
to change policies, institutions, regulations, and incentives to markedly address
critical government and market Iailures and empower civil society engagement and
ownership. Such changes need to be consistent and Ieasible, and take as starting
points what we know about the real constraints and bottlenecks. In particular:
1. Governments need to reverse dysIunctional policies that are currently being
pursued (such asin many casesIossil Iuel subsidies), put in place improved
institutions and better regulations where markets Iail (externalities, monopolies),
and Iocus on creating enabling conditions Ior areas where markets or civil society
work best. A percentage oI the savings Irom the Iossil Iuel subsidy removal
should cover targeted support to vulnerable groups and Iinance green growth
investments.

2. Governments also need to put in place the institutional mechanisms and human
capacities that will enable much more eIIective cross-sectoral decision making
and policy integration something we could call meeting the governance
challenge.
3. Finally, green public procurement starting with inIormation technologies (IT)
would be an eIIective policy.


Changing behavior, values and attitudes
The purpose oI human development is to improve human well-being and quality oI
liIe. UnIortunately, the predominant current view oI well-being is that it is
synonymous with the accumulation oI physical goods and money which is at the heart
oI our consumerist society. However, only a relatively small percentage oI the
population globally and nationally has achieved such prosperity while the majority
still live in poverty. Thus, one oI the major obstacles to building a sustainable society
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lies in the current belieIs, values and long-established practices oI our society, many
oI which promote unsustainable patterns oI production and consumption. These
include the perspective that human beings are separate Irom, and superior to, nature,
and the belieIs that human wellbeing can best be enhanced by acquiring more
physical goods or money, and that conspicuous consumption is the best measure oI
success.
A key component oI moving towards a sustainable society is thereIore to change
people`s perceptions oI what constitutes 'well-being and, based on this, to develop
new social goals. In support oI this, eIIorts should also be made to increase awareness
and understanding oI the value oI ecosystems and natural resources to human
wellbeing, and to introduce incentives/disincentives to encourage environmentally
responsible behavior. The current structure oI society oIten prevents people Irom
behaving in a manner which is sustainable, even when they would like to Ior
example, the lack oI saIe and eIIicient public transport, the shortage oI recycling
Iacilities etc. Attempts to change behavior must thereIore be supported by the
provision oI appropriate opportunities. Changing values and behavior is likely to be a
signiIicant challenge and will require a wide range oI initiatives Irom regulatory
mechanisms to educational and awareness-raising campaigns involving government,
business and a wide variety oI civil society organizations

Restructuring the governance system and building capacity
Since time moves Iast and the economic condition changes a lot, the requirement and
task oI governments are diIIerent with the past times. Thus, reIorm or restructuring in
the regional governance system are necessary to meet the market. In the past years,
government put the economic blooming in the Iirst place, which usually brings many
problems in both environment and people`s liIe style. As to sustainable development,
government must rearrange the path oI moving Iorward, Iully release the building
capacity in support and protect the sustainability oI the whole society and regional
area.

Application of Sustainable development
A|achua county |and deve|opment pro[ect
lum Creek whlch ls Lhe largesL prlvaLe landowner wanLs Lo bulld a new clLy ln Lhe Llmber land
easL Lo Calnesvllle llrsL Lhey learn abouL Lhe developmenL mode of clLy of Calnesvllle Second
Lhey flnd Lhe besL locaLlon of new clLy
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Expend of Gainesville


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Sustainable development factors of Gainesville
W Transportation( Road)
W Land use
W Population
W Environment(Moisture)
Aim area of new city and current condition analysis

At the particular area, north part is mainly governmental reservation land and orchard,
west part is moisture environment and east area is Iar Irom other parts.

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Chosen location for new city based on the mode of Gainesville and Sustainable
development
W Transportation
W Land use
W Economic
W !opulation
W Infrastructure

Based on the existing land use context, Northwest oI Hawthorne is a practical place
Ior Iurther development eIIorts.

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Conclusion
Now the whole world are developing and implementing regional strategies that
synthesize multiple systems and processes. This paradigm shiIt promotes increased
collaboration across the public, private, and nonproIit sectors, across a variety oI
disciplines and multiple levels oI government. Regional approaches that are based on
strong data analysis and robust public outreach build plans that promote quality
economic development rooted in asset-based planning and bottom-up planning
principles. This paper oIIers just a Iew oI these principles are taking place in many
researches and study; plenty more examples are necessary to support it. Regions
seeking Ilexible, nimble approaches to economic development recognize that sound
land use planning integrated with transportation planning and environmental
stewardship is crucial to shaping healthy, resilient regions.

Reference:
Gilberto Gallopin (2003) 'A systems approach to sustainability and sustainable
development Santiago, Chile
Linda Giltz (2011) 'Linking Lands and Communities in the land-oI-sky Region,
Land-oI-Sky Regional Council)
Li Donghua. 'Strategic Thoughts oI Regional Sustainable Economic Development.
Chinese Papers Network, 2007-8-4(China)
Thierstein, Alain (1997): Regional Sustainable Development and the Role oI Regional
Innovation Coalitions Ior Sustainability (RICS). IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria; June
12-14, 1997.