Secondary Sources: Books: Conley-Weaver, Robyn. The Importance of Alexander Graham Bell. San Diego, CA: Lucent, 2000.

Print. This book outlines Alexander Graham Bells life, from childhood to after his invention. It helps touch basis on all three parts of the theme. Bell dealt with communications as a child, and wanted to expand upon that into improving the telecommunications. With the help of an investor, Thomas Sanders, they felt that something great was going to be produced. They sought fame and fortune, as Bell was reluctant at first for his revelation, but soon gained insurance. Bells Telephone Company was created to accommodate the growing demands, as they both gained the fortunes they sought, including Watson as Bells assistant. Eber, Dorothy. Genius at Work: Images of Alexander Graham Bell. New York: Viking, 1982. Print. This book mainly concentrates on Bell's life after his main invention of the telephone. It briefly describes how Bell had a death mother, which attracted him towards the studies of communications. We were able to use this source as a means to understand part of why he wanted to improve communications, contributing to the reaction part. Grosvenor, Edwin S., and Morgan Wesson. Alexander Graham Bell: The Life and Times of the Man Who Invented the Telephone. New York: Harry Abrams, 1997. Print. This book talks about how communication used to take days to transmit, as Bell looked for improvement. Primary pictures are also included to portray Bell's life and thoughts during the process. And even though people appeared skeptical about his invention, many other scientists bought into it immediately in trying it out. In demonstrating his telephone before professors at Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, he was then confident that the people would buy into it. This secondary source is extremely useful, as it incorporates many other sources as means of information. It details not only Bells life well, but also the years in which the telephone concept was being constructed. Mackay, James A. Alexander Graham Bell: A Life. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1997. Print. James uses primary pictures and documents in order to describe the process of developing the telephone. This book differs from other sources as it gives more in depth view of his family's participation. From this, there appears to have been several other professors affecting Bell's work, either by checking his theories, translating his sketches, or even constructing the device. The battle between the Western Union in order to patent the product was also a struggle, in which one finally conceded defeat. Mackay, James. Sounds out of Silence: a Life of Alexander Graham Bell. Edinburgh [u.a.: Mainstream Publ., 1997. Print. Here, the author gives readers a deeper insight into the struggles and consequences while creating this invention. One main issue was that many people kept claiming that they had invented it, so Bell was brought into court several times. Once finally approved his, Bell gained substantial fortune, but he invested his money into further research into air crafts and other technology. The idea of the telephone did not only benefit the world, but also stemmed to other inventions as well, since Bell gained the financial capabilities of thinking further. Matthews, Tom. Always Inventing: a Photobiography of Alexander Graham Bell. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, 1999. Print. It talks about how Bell was influenced by past inventors, such as Thomas Edison and Elisha Gray. In trying to help create a device that would teach the death how to speak, he accidentally stumbled upon the idea of the telephone. At first, people were standoffish on his creation, but soon after by 1917, Bell's telephone network had wired across the entire country. Shulman, Seth. The Telephone Gambit: Chasing Alexander Graham Bell's Secret. New York, NY: W. W. Norton &, 2008. Print. The author in this book uses documents from when the telephone was invented to clarify a point. It is believed that Bell might have stolen the designs of the telephone from an Elisha Grey, only to submit a patent hour earlier. Even though Shulman makes some strong points against Bell, there is no obvious position. As it can only be said that Grey helped contribute to Bell's idea. Encyclopedia Articles: Brodsky, Arthur R. "Bell, Alexander Graham Bell." World Book Online Reference Center. World Book 2011. Web. 22 Oct. 2011. <http://0-

www.worldbookonline.com.read.riversideca.gov/pl/referencecenter/article?id=ar053820&st=alexander+graham+ bell>. What contributed most to Bell's telephone idea was his basis in the knowledge of music. They looked to improve on the existing telegraph, for it to produce voices and not only sounds. He would be taken to court for patenting issues, but the court held in his favor. Bell did gain fortune, 50000 francs from the French government, which contributed to his further research. Karr, Keith K. "Telephone Information." Telephoning Organization. 11 Oct. 2011. Web. 23 Oct. 2011. <http://www.telephoning.org/telephone/encyclopedia.htm>. This source focuses mainly on the telephone. It includes the history of the telephone from its original beginnings to modern day, and a timeline with major advancements of the invention. Many facts regarding how it was first applied is included, as many people had to personally subscribe to contractors in order to gain access. There are many different facts that were not a part of our other sources, it helped us gain a better perspective on the subject matter. Pandit, Madhura. "Invention of the Telephone." Buzzle. 28 Sept. 2011. Web. 22 Oct. 2011. <http://www.buzzle.com/articles/invention-of-the-telephone.html>. It is said that Bell did not invent the telephone, but simply upgraded past designs into working. Reis and Meucci were past scientists that created devices of sound transmitted through electricity, but had not yet refined it. And only while teaching the death, had Bell looked to improve upon their designs for better use. Phillipson, Donald J.C. "Bell, Alexander Graham." The Canadian Encyclopedia. Ed. Laura Neilson. The Canadian Encyclopedia. Web. 22 Oct. 2011. <http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE>. Bell started once he noticed an ad in the newspaper by the Western Union Company paying a sum to an investor able to create a new telegraph system. What made the telephone different from past communications was that it was two lined, as others were one. This meant that time between communication was faster. Combining his knowledge on frequency, it soon killed off the Morse Code and telegraph. "Telephone :: Development of the Telephone Instrument -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia." Encyclopedia - Britannica Online Encyclopedia. Web. 23 Oct. 2011. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/585993/telephone/279902/Development-of-the-telephoneinstrument>. This website gives the full history of the telephone. From the progress from the telegraph to the invention of the rotary dialing, to the digital world, the information present on this website will help us in all aspects to understand the revolution that was the telephone. Websites: 1877, November. "Talking Wires: The Development of the Telephone." MOAH - Museum of American Heritage - Home Page. Museum of American Heritage, 2000. Web. 02 Oct. 2011. <http://www.moah.org/exhibits/archives/talkingwires.html>. This website gives information on the development of the telephone. It describes all the ways that the telephone had evolved and how the people's reactions changed with it. From the very idea of Alexander Graham Bell, to long after his death, this website will greatly aid us in understanding the communication revolution. "Alexander Graham Bell and His Telephone." The Franklin Institute. Web. 02 Oct. 2011. <http://fi.edu/franklin/inventor/bell.html>. This website gives a short description about Alexander Graham Bells background and how he became interested in inventing a telephone. It is helpful to our project because it informs us of his life. "Alexander Graham Bell | Inventor." Lucidcaf Interactive Caf and Information Resource. Web. 02 Oct. 2011. <http://www.lucidcafe.com/library/96mar/bell.html>. The information given on this website tells of the life of Alexander Graham Bell. It helps us to fully understand what it took for him to invent such a revolutionary device. "Alexander Graham Bell: The Invention of the Telephone." Following the Path of Discovery. Julian Rubin. Web. 02 Oct. 2011. <http://www.juliantrubin.com/bigten/telephoneexperiments.html>. The development of the telephone is described on this website. It dates all the important steps it took Alexander Graham Bell to create the first ever telephone. "Alexander Graham Bell Family Papers at the Library of Congress, 1862-1939 - Collection Connections - For Teachers (Library of Congress)." Library of Congress Home. 05 Nov. 2010. Web. 02 Oct. 2011.

<http://www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/connections/alexander-gra ham-bell/file.html>. Alexander Graham Bell wrote a series of journal entries during his studies for his invention. This website helped to further understand the mind of Bell while he created the telephone with short translations of the text. "Alexander Graham Bell." Alexander Graham Bell. History Channel. Web. 20 Oct. 2011. <http://www.history.com/topics/alexander-graham-bell>. Growing up, Bell was surrounded with knowledge about speech and invention. His family generation was the "leading authorities in elocution and speech correction." This is a short article on Bell's knowledge on communications, prior to his invention. There were issues with the idea, as Elisha Gray had also produced a patent when Bell's invention came forth. "Alexander Graham Bell Biography (1847-1922)." How Products Are Made. Web. 24 Oct. 2011. <http://www.madehow.com/inventorbios/26/Alexander-Graham-Bell.html>. This is another site that gives a brief overview on Bell's life. We basically used this article for some facts that is useful towards Bells telephone. It goes into further examination between the relationship of Bell and Watson and how they were united. And what resulted of their years spent trying to perfect their invention. "Alexander Graham Bell Patents the Telephone." History.com History Made Every Day American & World History. Web. 24 Oct. 2011. <http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/alexander-graham-bell-patents-thetelephone>. This article is a briefing on the Bell's first observations and his patents. Even though it may not be as thorough as some other sources, it highlights key points in the issue. The main issue was that Bell had sued the Western Union Telephone Company, in which he finally one once the case reached the Supreme Court. Bellis, Mary. "Alexander Graham Bell - Timeline of Alexander Graham Bell 1870 - 1879." About. Web. 23 Oct. 2011. <http://inventors.about.com/od/bstartinventors/a/Alexander_Bell_2.htm>. A timeline of Alexander Graham Bell's important actions regarding the telephone is noted. All of his actions, either teaching school or working with other scientists is related in building his telephone. We used this mainly as a reference to the order and time that he did things. Bellis, Mary. "The History of the Telegraph - Samuel Morse." Inventors. The New York Times Company. Web. 02 Oct. 2011. <http://inventors.about.com/od/tstartinventions/a/telegraph.htm>. The information held on this website was not about Alexander Graham Bell or his invention of the telephone, but of the Morse code. It is important to know about the Morse code in order to understand the transition from dots and dashes to a human voice through a cable. Bellis, Mary. "The History of the Telephone." Inventors. The New York Times Company. Web. 02 Oct. 2011. <http://inventors.about.com/od/bstartinventors/a/telephone.htm>. This website article does not tell us much, but informs us on the changes from the telegraph to the telephone. It was an invention that was deemed impossible but Alexander Graham Bell proved them wrong. The information on the website can be used to identify different responses to the development. Hubert, Philip Gengembre. Men of Achievement. Inventors. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1894. Print. This book gives a brief history on Bell's invention. It talks about how people did not really accept the telephone until soon after. And it includes how the telephone idea coincided with his natural studies with the blind. "Inventing the Telephone| History| AT&T." American Telephone & Telegraph. American Telephone and Telegraph. Web. 22 Oct. 2011. <http://www.corp.att.com/history/inventing.html>. Bell started out gathering ideas, by being forced into the communications world. Since his father and grandfather taught visible speech around London, Bell had to adopt those ideas, and was soon fond of it. Gardiner's belief in Bell, allowed for the start of the project, as Bell was given an investment option. The first telephone wires mainly connected home and businesses, but soon expanded from there, as Bell hoped it would unite the country. Lindsay, David. "American Experience . Technology . The Telephone . People & Events | Alexander Graham Bell | PBS." PBS: Public Broadcasting Service. PBS: Public Broadcasting Service. Web. 23 Oct. 2011. <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/telephone/peopleevents/pande01.html>. This website article has a vast amount of facts, but is only related to other sources. We only used bits of facts that helped pertain to our theme. A brief history on Bell's earlier career is described, as the only new bits of information is how he presented his invention. After marrying one of his students, he and his assistant traveled throughout the Northeast in order to present his idea. "Telephone Timeline." Greatest Engineering Achievements of the Twentieth Century. National Academy of Engineering. Web. 03 Oct. 2011. <http://www.greatachievements.org/?id=3625>.

This website shows a timeline for most important dates in the development of the telephone. It takes us from Alexander Graham Bell's great achievement to far beyond his death. It is necessarily for us students to know the steps in history it took to get this far in the technology. "Telephone History." Daily Notes. Web. 02 Oct. 2011. <http://www.privateline.com/mt_telephonehistory/>. This website gives detailed information on the development of the telephone. It starts from the use of telegraphs and journeys into the years of Alexander Graham Bell and greatly describes how it evolved. Although not all the information can be used, this website will aid in our research to see why the telephone was deemed revolutionary. "Telephone History - Invention of the Telephone." The Great Idea Finder - Celebrating the Spirit of Innovation. 11 Jan. 2006. Web. 23 Oct. 2011. <http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventions/telephone.htm>. This source mainly concentrates on the telephone, and not including Bell's life that much. Gray had perfected his design first, but had not yet been able to transmit sound yet, allowing Bell to improve his. The first lines were placed in Hartford, Connecticut, with New York and Boston being the first interstate connection. This telephone exchange system, allowed communication between two or more people who owned telephones, operated by switchboards. Having this source, supplied us with many facts regarding how the telephone came about, and not concentrating on Bell's life like many other sources does. "The Telephone - 1876." Clear Lines. Clear Lines, July 1996. Web. 23 Oct. 2011. <http://www.audiouk.com/vintage/telephone.htm>. We mainly used this source as it pertained to the reaction part of the theme. People at first were against his invention, as they saw it as an invasion of privacy. From the first time the telephone was tried, before Bell, to the time Bell's invention worked, people thought of it as an outcast idea. And by 1887, more than 150000 subscribers had the telephone and were connected by overland wiring.