Periodic Table notes Group 1: Alkali Metals Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr Soft, easily cut, slivery grey,

ey, can float Physical properties: Good conduc. Heat n elec When group: Atomic radius (distance v.e and nucleus ) Density Electropositivity Melting point Chemical properties: Same Reaction : cold water H2 n alkali O2 metal oxide Halogen metal halides Reactivity: 1. Reactivity , group 2. Atomic radius , group 3. Forces of attraction 4. Distance of nucleus n v.e far 5. Lose v.e to attain stable arrangement Precaution steps: Group 17: Halogens [F (colorless), Cl (yellowishgreen)] solid [Br (brown)] liquid [I, At (black)] solid Reactive metals Halide salts Diatomic molecules Physical properties: Non-metals Insulator of heat n elec. Low melting and boiling point When group: Atomic radius Electronegativity Malissa Ali No flammable organic solvents near Kept in paraffin oil (avoid from O2)

Periodic Table notes Colour darker Density , Molecular mass Melting/boiling points ( Van der Waals stronger, heat required to overcome the forces) Chemical properties: Same Water acid Metal metal halides NaO salts and H2O He ( airships) Ne (advertising light bulb) Ar ( elec. light bulb) Kr (flash lamps camera,lasers) Xe, Rn Physical properties: Insoluble in water Dont conduct elec. or heat Low melting/boiling point ( because very weak van der waals) Low density When group: Atomic radius Density Van der waals force Melting/boiling point Chemical properties: Mono atom Inert, Unreactive because it is already has stable electron arrangement. So, they dont need to share, gain, or release electron.

Reactivity: 1. Reactivity , group 2. Atomic radius , group 3. Forces of attraction , 4. Lower tendency to gain electron

Precaution step: Handle in fume cupboard

Group 18: Noble gases

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Periodic Table notes

Transition Elements Has variable oxidation no. Form coloured compounds aqueous solution Catalytic properties Can form coloured ion Physical properties: Hard Silvery surface Ductile n malleable Electric conductor density tensile strength melting/boiling point Period 3 3 filled shells, proton no. increase by 1 unit Going across: Electrostatic force , pulled the valence electron closer to nucleus, thus atomic radius Based reasons above, the electronegativity. Elements on the left side, such as Na are electropositive while right sides are electronegative. Basic to amphoteric then acidic Amphoteric can reacts with both acids and bases form salts and water.

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Periodic Table notes e.g: AlO Metals to metalloid to non-metals Na, Mg, Al at the left are metals, can form metals oxide and it is usually basic oxides. Basic oxides + water salts + water Silicon some metallic some non-metallic properties are metalloid Intermediate between metals and non-metals Silicon is nonmetals, is very poor conductor of elec. the conductivity increase with temp. it becomes of elec. at high temp. This is called semi-metals. Can be used to make semiconductors . With Group 13 p-type semiconductor produced. With Group 15 n-type semiconductor P, S, Cl, Ar at the right are non-metals. Non-metals oxides are acidic oxides. Acidic oxides + alkali salts + water Melting point increase from left to middle and decrease again to right. Na, Mg, Al have strong metallic bond ( melting point ) Silicon strong covalent bond ( melting point ) Phosphorus, Sulphur, Chlorine, Argon weak Van der Waals force.

Malissa Ali