105 & J. Environ. Sci.

NaturalResources,4(1): '109 ,2011

ISSN1999-7361

Effect of Different Level of Irrigation and Potassium Fertilizers on the Growth and Yield of Potato Cv. Granola
M. T. Islaml, M. A. A. Mamun2, M. A. Khanl, S. M. Sayem2andM. H. Rahmanl rDepartmentof Horticulture 2Departmentof Soil Science University,Dinajpur and Technology HajeeMohammadDaneshScience
that the combined effect of inigation and potassiumtreatmentat the level of l3K3 (Three irrlgatlon Abstract: It was observecl 20DAp, 40 DAp and 60 DAp and 375 Kg Mop har) gave the significantly highest yield (23.82 Kg / plot) out of 3 applied atter. 40 DAP inigation and ,l potassiumlevels. ln caseof the single effect, the treatmentof lr (Three irrigation applied after 20DAP, per and Kr (375 Kg MOP har) produce significantlyhighest yield of tuber. Regardingthe yield of seedsize tuber onJOOORp) maximum at combined ffeatmentlevel of plant (176.70g / plant) of thJ,eradesize oi 35-45 mm diameterwas found significantly tr:aitssuch as planr heigl.rt(55.67 cm), number of leavesper hilt (282.30) and number of main stem i..r.. it.,. grori,th'attributing level of IrK'r. per hill (4.233mm) were significantlyhighestat the combinedtreatment K e y w o r d s : l r r i g a t i o n , P o t a s s i u m ,C r o w t h , Y i e l d . P o t a t o

Introduction Pcrtato(Solaruuntuberostnl L') is one of the most impclrtant food crops grown in more than 100 countriesin the world (Anonymous,2010). Potato ranks fourth in the world (325.30 million tons) and (8.0 million tons) with respectto third in Bangladesh food production and it is the first most important crop of our country (i\nonymous,2001). vegetable Now a day, potato has emergedas a major food crop and is being cultivated throughoutthe in Bangladesh country. The total production of potato is 6648 thousand tons from the area of 401 thousands hectares (Anonymous, 2008). Considering its nutritive value, it is a crop per excellence,having carbohydrate in abundance, protein in superlor vitamin C in quality, mineral and fibre in abundance, quantity and some B vitamins (Ahmad, sufficient l98l). The fat contentof potatois almostnegligible, i.e. 0.4 7c comparedto 0.7 7o in rice and 2.3 Vo in wheat flour (Kaldy, 1912). In short, the potato is a wholesome food and it provides essential body Agriculturally,potato enjoys a building substances. adaptability.Its short duration wide rangeof seasonal especially in the tropical countries is a definite The potato cultivation in Bangladeshhas advantage. I increased considerablyfrom averageyield of 5 t ha I in 1960" to l0 to 12 t ha to till 2003. The of consumption potato is 13.3 kg per person per year Besides and usedmainly as vegetable. in Bangladesh its consumption in 2002, potato has been exported from Bangladeshin the tune of 692 Mt and earned US $ 134000 foreign cul'rency (Statistical Bulletin SARRC, 2004). Therefore it has a great scope of more consumptionas an alternativefood crop of rice as in Bangladesh well as exportablecrop. Per hectare productivity potatois still very low in Bangladesh. of Among the key constraintsrestrictingthe yield per ha is the quality seed and the involvement of balanced and irrigation. Soil moisture is fertilizer management one of the main limitinc factorsfor successful

cultivatiron of potato. Water deficiency below a certain limit results in poor emergence and reduction in yield (Shirazi et al. 1998). considerable The farmer has to invest initially a considerable amountof money to buy quality potato seedtuber and fertilizer (Miah and Rob, 1997). Among the major nutrient potassiumimproves yield and various aspect of of tuber quality, such as tuber size, percentage dry have shown that the tuber matter etc. Recent studies yield and yield component as well as economic parameters were significantly affected by increasing potassium application rates at uniform dose of nitrogen and phosphorus(Patricia et al., 1999).Ithas also observed the yield and tuber quality of potato of treatedunder different potassiumlevels in absence water and nitrogen limitations has significantly increasesthe tuber yield (Karam et. aL, , 2001). In Bangladesh, response of potato to optimum application under uniform nitrogen and optimum irrigation is very lesson the popular cultivatedvariety of potato Granola. In the above context, the present study will be undertakento optimize.the potassium doseof fertilizer and irrigation in relation to yield and tuber quality of high yielding potato variety cv. Granola. Materials and Methods The research work was conducted in Horticulture Farm at HSTU, Dinajpur, Bangladesh during rabi season(November- February) at the growing period of 2009 - 2010. The soil of the farm area is sandy loam of medium fertility belonging to.the AEZ of Old HimalayanPiedmontPlain. having P' value ranging from 6.0 to 6.5. The land selectedfor the experiment was medium high. The area where the experiment was carried out has a sub-tropical climate characterized by a distinct winter season from November to early March. Granola is a high yielding and medium maturing variety of potato which is well adapted to diverse climates with round tubers with

105 J. Environ.Sci.& NaturalResources,4(1): - 109,2011

yellow flesh and yellow netted skin. It stores well with a long dormancy. It performs well under short day conditions of the tropics. It has resistancesto Rhizoctotia, blackleg, early blight, common scab, bruising, hollow heart and secondary growth. The seedpotato was removedfrom cold store.Those were immediatelyspreadunder shadeto get them air dried. The tubers are sorted and damagedtubers are sorted out. The seed tubers were allowed to sprout in diffused light for obtaining healthy and sturdy tubers, prior to planting. Well sproutedwhole seedtubersof the size range of 35-45 mm diameter were used for planting. The land was prepared with one tractor plough followed by three harrows and laddering to attain a good tilth. The corners of the experimental plots were dressed with spade and almost all the visible clods were broken in to pieces.To protect the potato tubers from the attack of insects,such as cut worms, red ants Furadan was applied at the recommended dose.Theseoperations carriedout are one month prior to planting. The experimentwas laid out in split-plot design in a factorial combination. The treatment combination includes 3 levels of irrigation (Ir= One Irrigation applied after20 DAP, 12 = Two irrigation applied after 20 DAP and 40DAP, and Ij = Three irrigation applied after 20DAP, 40 DAP AND 60 DAP) and 4 levels of potassium fertilizer (Ko = No Potassiumfertilizer control, Kr = 25 Kg MOP ha't,K2 = 250 Kg MOP ha-t,and Kj = 375 Kg MOP ha-'). The first factor of irrigation levels (I1, 12,and 13) were assignedto main plots and the secondfactor potassiumfertilizersof 4 levels (Ko, Kr, to by K2, and K3) were assigned sub-subplots splitting were replic;i-ted times. 3 of main-plots.The treatments The main plots were measured 19.2 mt. The subsubplots were measured 4.48 m'. There were 12 treatment combinations and 36 plots. Haulms were cut on full maturity as per treatments. Harvesting is done after seven days of haulm cutting as per treatment.To assesthe effect of different levels of irrigation and potassium data of quantitative agronomicalcharacterswere collected on individual plant basis.Five plants per row have been randomly selected among the three separate rows. A1l the measurements were recorded and analyzed statistically. Results and Discussion Plant height '75 The plant height was recorded after days of planting, which was maximum growth stage of the plant. The variety showedthe significant variation in plant height during growing period. During the period of plant growth the maximum plant height of 50.58 cm and 53.22 cm was recordedat the main effect of irrigation level 13and with the applicationof 250 kg K2O ha-r (K2), respectively.There was no significant differenceregardingplant height betweenIr. Iz.and Ir. It was also found that the plant height was significantlylowest (39.89 cm) when no potassium fertilizer was applied (K") (Table 1). This result was in agreement with the findings of Mondal er a/. (1992), Rajannaet al. (1987) and Bhuyian (1999). The variation in plant height due to combined effect of different levels of irrigation and potassium found to be statistically significant. The plant height (55.67 cm) was significantly highest at level IrKz where as the lowest plant height (37.67 cm) was found at the level IlKe There was no significant difference betweenthe combinedlevels of IlKl. IlK2 I2K1 and IzKr. The level IlKe showed the significantly lorver plant height in comparisonto IrKz (Table 2). Number of main stem/hill Different levels of irrigation and potassium showed significant variation on the number of main stem per hill. It was observed that maximum number of main stem per hill 3.983 and 4.011 was observedat the level of irrigation I: and at the treatment of K2, respectivelywhere as the significantly lowest number of leavesper hill 3.583 and 3.556 was found at the treatment level of 11and Ks, respectively. This may be due to little role played by the potassiurnat early stageof its growth. But Paniqueet al. (1997) reported that potassiumrate slightly decreasedstem numbers per seed piece. The combined effect of I1K2 gave highestnumber of main stem per hill (4.233) which is similar I2K2 .The significant lowest number of grain stem per hill (3.333) was observedat the treatment combination I1K6(Table2). of Number of leaves/hill Different levels of irrigation and potassium showed significant variation on the number of leavesper hill. It was observedthat maximum significant number of leavesper hill (239.10)was observedat the level of irrigation 13 and lowest number of leaves per hill (209.50) was found at the treatmentlevel of Ir (Table 1). It was also recordedthat highestnumber of leaves per hill (266.20) was found at the potassiumlevel of K2 and lowest numberof leavesper hill (197.1)was observedat the level of K6. The treatment level K1 has statisticallysimilar effect with potassiumlevel of Kj (Table l). The combined effect of different levels of irrigation and potassiumshowed significant result. The significant highest number of leaves per hill (282.3\ was found at the treatment combination of IrKz and lowest (180.7) treatment combinationlevel of IlKe (Table2).

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J. Environ.Sci.& NaturalResources,4(1): - 109,2011 105

Yield of tuber (Kg) / Plot The yield of tuber-/plot was affected significantly by the application of different levels of irrigation and potassium. The treatment level I: gave the significantly highest yield (10.49 Kg/plot) with lowest yield of (7.442 Kglplor) 11.Kashyapand Panda (2003) have observedthat fi'eshtuber yield of potato wa.ssignificantlyhigher under high frequencythan low fiequency irrigation. In regard to levels of porassium, highestyield (9.844Kg / plot) was found at the tr"eatment level of Kj and lowest yield (8.10 Kg/plot) was in control tl'eatment. There was no statistically significant difference between the treatment level of K2 and Kj It was found that the yield of tuber increasedwith increasinglevels of potassium.The result is in agreementwith the observationof Westermannet al. (1994) where they fbund that potassium increasedyield up to 448 Kg IVha. The significant effect of combinedtreatmentof irrigation and potassium claimed that the variety Granolaproducedhighestyield of tuber/plot(11.43 Kg / plot) or (23.82 t/ha) at the treatmentlevel of I3Kj whereas the lowest(6.7 Kg/plot) or (13.96t/ha) was found at the treatmentcombinationof 11K6 In a field tlial, Trafder et al. (1988) was found that the tuber yield decreased with increasing water stl'ess regardless K- rate. of The yield of tuber / plant in relation to different s i z e( g r a d e) ( < 2 8 m m , 2 8 - 3 5 m m , 3 5 - 4 5 m m a n d > 45 mm diameter) The single effect of irrigation showednon-significant differences among the different grades of yield of tuber per plant. In case of tleatlnentlevel of 11,the grades of tuber by weight of < 28 mm gave the significantlylowest yield per plant and the grade of tuber of the size 35-45 mm gave the highestyield at the treatmentlevel of lj Gadir et al. 2003 observed that the total fresh tuber yield and marketableyield (> 45 mm g) increased with incleasing amount of irrigation water (Table l). Regarding the single effectsof potassium, the tuber size of <28mm gave significantly highestyield at the treatment level of Kr. The significantly highestyieid of the tuber sizeof 3545mm was observedat the treatmentlevel of K3 and lowest at the tl'eatment level of K". This result is in agreementwith the result of Tawfiq, 2001. The signiticantlyhighestweight (12.10 g) was found in the gradesize <28 mm with treatmentcombinationof lr Kr, there was no statisticallysignificant difference on yield among the treatmentcombination of Iz Kr, liK6 andIq K2 for this character'. The combinedeffects of irrigation and potassium had significanteffect on the yield of different grades of tuber of potato. The treatment combination of I2K6 and I:Kr gave the signiticantly highest yield per plant (85.67g) and (176.7 g) of the size gradeof 28-35 and 35-45 mm. The treatmentcombination of 12Kr and I3 Kj gave statistically highest yield of grade size >45 mm of tuber per plant. CONCLUSION It was concluded that with increasing level of irrigation and potassiumfertilizer, the yield of potato tuber/plot was increasedgradually. So the combined treatment level of highest (3 times) irrigation and highest dose of potassium can be used for highest yield of potato tuber cv. Granola. REFERENCES Ahmad, K. U. 1981. Potato, Bangladesh and Workshop:An Introductoryaddress. (1981) Proc 4'n Wksp Potato Res Workers, Potato Res. Centre. BARI, Joydebpur, pDhaka.Bangladesh. 133. Anonymous. 2001. CIP World Pkotato Atlas; FAOSTAT; World Potato Congress; Aus Veg; Horticulture,New Zealand. Anonymous. 2008. Statistical Yearbook of Bangladesh. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics,Statistics Division, Ministry of Planning, Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh,Dhaka, Bangladesh (28'nEdition, March 2OO9). Bhuyian, M. S. H. 1999. Effect ofvdifferent levelsof nitrogen and potassiumon growth and yield of seed poptato. MS thesis. Departmentof Horticulture, Banglades Agricultural University, Mymensingh. Kaldy, M. S. 1972.Proteinyield of variouscropsas related to protein value. Ecottonic Botany, 26:142-144. Karam, F.; Lahoud, R.; Massad,R. ; Stephan, C.; Rouphael, Y. and G.Colla,2001. Yield and Tuber quality of potassium treated potato under optimum irrigated conditions. Acta (http:// Horticulturae.pp.l-2 www. actahort.org /). Kashyap, P. S. and Panda, R. K. 2003. Effect of irrigation scheduling on potato crop parametersunder water stressd conditions. Agricuhural water ilnnagenrcnt, 59 (l): 4966 Mondal, M. F.;Baral,S. K. ; Farooque,A. M. and Nasiruddin,K. M. 1992. Effect of different nutlient element s on growth, yield and size grade distribution of potato. Tlni J. Agric. S c i . , 2 52 6 3 - 2 6 9 . : M.E.; Onder, D. and Caliskan, Onder,S.; Caliskan, S. 2005. Different irrigation methods and water stresseffects on Potato yield and yield Agricultural components. Watet 73 Managentent. (l): 73-86

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Miah and Abdur Rob. 1997. Exrension of improved technology. on potato production and success. 3'd Wksp potato Workers.kustia cold storage,Chourhas, Jogoti, Kustia. Bangladesh. P-65 Onder, S.; Caliskan,M.E. ; Onder, D. and Caliskan, S. 2005. Different irrigation methods and water stress effectson Potato yield and yield components. Agricultural Water Management. (l): 73-86 73 Panique, Kelling, K.A. ; Schulte, E. E. ; Hero , E'., D. E. ; Stevenson, R. and James,R. V. W. 1997. Potassiumrate and source effects on potato yield, quality, and diseaseinteraction. American Porato J.74 (6):379-398 Imas, P. and Bansal, S. K. 1999. potassium and IntegratedNutrient Management in potato. Presented at the Global Conference on potato,6- I I New Delhi, India. Rajanna,K. M.; Shivasankar, T and Krisnappa,K. K. S. 1987. Effect of different levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on growth, yield and quality of potato. South IndianHort., 35 (5): 347- 355. Shirazi,S. M.; Talukder,M. S. U. ; Kashem,M. A. and Hossain, S. M. A. 1998. Effect of irrigation regimes and nitrogen levels on the yield of potato. BangladesltJ. Agril. Sci.,25 (2):319-324. Statistical Bulletin of SAARC Agricultural Data. 2004. Agricultural Information Centre (SAIC), BARC, Campus, Farmgate,Dhaka, Bangladesh.P-44. Tawfik, A. A. 2001. Potassiumand calcium nutrition improvespotato production in drip- irrigated sandy soil. African Crop'Sci. J.,9(L): 147155 Trafder, P. K.;Banarjee,N. C. and Mukkhopadhyay, A. K. 1988. Influence of potassium fertilization on the responseto soil moisture stress in potato. Acta-AgronomicaHungarica. 37 (I-2): 37-42 Westermann, T.;Tindall, T.A. ; D.W. James, D. and Hurst, R. L.I994. Nitrogen and potassium fertilization of potatoes: yield and specific gravity. Anrcrican Potato J., 71 (1'):4Ll -431

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