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a) Inference ( key words : depends on ) b) Hypothesis c) (i) Aim ( To investigate the relationship between RV & MV) (ii) Variables of apparatus (iii) Materials & Apparatus (iv) Arrangement

(v) Procedure ~ Method to control the MV ~ Method to measure / observe the RV ~ Repeat the exp. at least 4 times (vi) Tabulation of data ( MV & RV with correct units ) (vii) Analysis of data ( Plot a graph of RV against MV )

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Hypothesis

Aim

Variables

Materials & Apparatus

Arrangement of apparatus Procedure 1) The apparatus is set up as shown in diagram . 2) The tall cylinder is filled with water until full . 3) The funnel with thin membrane facing downwards is pushed into the cylinder about 5 cm . 4) The corresponding difference level of coloured liquid is measured by using metre rule & the reading is recorded . 5) The experiment is repeated by using the depth with 10.0 , 15.0 , 20.0 & 25.0cm . Tabulation of data Analysis of data

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Inference The buoyant force depends on the weight of the water displaced . Hypothesis The bigger the weight of water displaced , the bigger the buoyant force . Aim To investigate the relationship between the weight of the water displaced & buoyant force . Variables

Materials & Apparatus Beaker , rod , spring balance , metre rule Arrangement of apparatus Procedure 1) The apparatus is set up as shown in the diagram . 2) The rod of 10 cm is marked at intervals of 1 cm & suspended From the hook of the spring balance . 3) The rod is lowered below the liquid level at the depth of 5.0 cm . 4) The reading of the spring balance is recorded . 5) The experiment is repeated by lowered the rod at the depth of 6.0 , 7.0 , 8.0 & 9.0 cm . Tabulation of data Analysis of data

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Inference The change in temperature of the water depends on its volume . Hypothesis The bigger the volume of water , the smaller the change in temperature . Aim To investigate the relationship between the volume of water & the change in temperature . Variables

Materials & Apparatus Immersion heater , beaker , water , thermometer , stirrer , power supply , connecting wire , measuring cylinder & stopwatch Arrangement of apparatus Procedure 1) The apparatus is set up as shown in the diagram. 2) 20 cm3 of the water is measured & poured in the beaker . 3) The water is heated for about 5 minutes. 4) The change in the reading of the thermometer is observed & recorded . 5) The experiment is repeated by using the water of 40.0 , 60.0 , 80.0 & 100.0cm3.

Tabulation of data

Analysis of data

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Inference The pressure of a fixed mass gas depends on its volume. Hypothesis The smaller the volume of the gas , the higher the pressure of the gas . Aim To investigate the relationship of the volume of a fixed mass gas & its pressure . Variables

Materials & Apparatus Syringe , clip , thick rubber tube , Bourdon gauge Arrangement of apparatus Procedure 1) The apparatus is set up as shown in the diagram. 2) The syringe is pressed until the enclosed volume is 98.0cm3. 3) The reading of the Bourdon gauge is recorded . 4) The experiment is repeated for the enclosed volume of 96.0 , 94.0 , 92.0 & 90.0cm3. Tabulation of data Analysis of data ( Plot a graph )

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Inference The volume of a fixed mass gas depends on its temperature . Hypothesis The bigger the temperature of the gas , the bigger the volume of the gas . Aim To investigate the relationship between the temperature of gas and its volume . Variables

Materials & Apparatus

Arrangement of apparatus Procedure 1) The apparatus is set up as shown in the diagram. 2) The water is heated until it reaches the temperature of 200C . 3) The length of the air column is measured by using metre rule. 4) The experiment is repeated by heating the water until 30 , 40 , 50 & 60oC. Tabulation of data

Analysis of data ( Plot a graph )

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Inference The object distance depends on the image distance . Hypothesis The bigger the object distance , the smaller the image distance . Aim To investigate the relationship between the object distance & image distance . Variables

Materials & Apparatus

Arrangement of apparatus Procedure 1) The apparatus is set up as shown in the diagram. 2) The object is placed at a distance of 10.0 cm from the convex lens ( object distance ) . 3) The lens is adjusted until a sharp image is formed on the screen . 4) The distance between the lens & the screen is measured & recorded . 5) The experiment is repeated by placing the object at a distance of 12.0 , 14.0 , 16.0 & 18.0cm . Tabulation of data Object distance/ cm 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 Image distance/ cm Analysis of data ( Plot a graph )

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Inference The focal length of the lens depends on the its thickness . Hypothesis The thicker the lens , the shorter the focal length . Aim To investigate the relationship between the thickness & focal length of the lens . Variables MV : thickness of the lens Materials & Apparatus Convex lens , lens holder , object , screen , metre rule Arrangement of apparatus Procedure 1) The apparatus is set up as shown in the diagram. 2) A convex lens with the thickness of 0.4 cm is placed between the object & screen . 3) The lens is adjusted until a sharp image is formed on the screen . 4) The distance between the lens & the object is measured & recorded . 5) The experiment is repeated by using the lens with the thickness of 0.6 , 0.8 , 1.0 & 1.2cm . Tabulation of data Analysis of data ( Plot a Graph) RV: focal length of the lens CV: material of lens

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Inference The distance between two consecutive loud sounds depend on the distance between two speakers . Hypothesis The bigger the distance the between the speakers , the smaller the distance between two consecutive loud sounds . Aim To investigate the relationship between the distance between two consecutive loud sounds & distance between two speakers . Variables MV : the distance between two speakers RV: distance between two loud sounds CV : distance between the speakers & the observer . Materials & Apparatus

Arrangement of apparatus Procedure 1) The apparatus is set up as shown in the diagram. 2) The speakers are put at a distance of 1.0 m . 3) The observer is requested to walk in front of the speakers. 4) The distance between two loud sounds is measured by using metre rule & recorded . 4) The experiment is repeated by placing the speakers at a distance of 1.5 , 2.0 , 2.5 & 3.0 cm . Tabulation of data Analysis of data

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Inference The distance between two loud sounds depends on the distance between the speakers & position of technician . Hypothesis The bigger the distance between the speakers & technician , the bigger the distance between two loud sounds . Aim To investigate the relationship between distance between two loud sounds & distance between the speakers & position of technician . Variables MV: distance between the speakers & technician RV: distance between two loud sounds CV: distance between two speakers Materials & Apparatus

Arrangement of apparatus Procedure

2) The technician is requested to move parallel to the speaker at a distance of 5.0m . 3) The position of the loud sounds are marked , measured & recorded . 4) The experiment is repeated by using the distance between the technician & speakers of 10.0 , 15.0 , 20.0 & 25.0 m . Tabulation of data Analysis of data

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Inference The current flow depends on the length of the wire . Hypothesis The longer the wire , the smaller the current flow . Aim To investigate the relationship between the length of the wire & the current . Variables

Materials & Apparatus Ammeter , voltmeter , connecting wire , battery , constantan wire , metre rule Arrangement of apparatus Procedure 1) The apparatus is set up as shown in the diagram. 2) 20.0cm of constantan wire is connected to the circuit . 3) The reading of ammeter is observed & recorded . 4) The experiment is repeated by using constantan wire with the length of 30.0 , 40.0 , 50.0 & 60.0cm . Tabulation of data Analysis of data ( Plot a graph )

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Inference The resistance of the wire depends on its diameter . Hypothesis The smaller the diameter , the bigger the resistance . Aim To investigate the relationship between the diameter & the resistance if the wire . Variables

Materials & Apparatus Ammeter , voltmeter , connecting wire , battery , constantan wire , micrometer screw gauge Arrangement of apparatus Procedure 1) The apparatus is set up as shown in the diagram. 2) Constantan wire with the diameter of 2.0mm is connected to the circuit & the switch is closed . 3) The reading of the ammeter & voltmeter is recorded. 4) The resistance is calculated by using the formulae of R=

5) The experiment is repeated by using the constantan wire with the diameter of 4.0 , 6.0 , 8.0 & 10.0mm . Tabulation of data Analysis of data ( Plot a graph )

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Inference The current depends on the voltage supplied . Hypothesis The bigger the voltage , the bigger the current . Aim To investigate the relationship between voltage & current . Variables

Materials & Apparatus Battery, ammeter , voltmeter , rheostat , connecting wire , switch Arrangement of apparatus Procedure 1) The apparatus is set up as shown in the diagram. 2) The rheostat is adjusted until the voltmeter shows a reading of 0.5 V . 3) The reading of ammeter is recorded . 4) The experiment is repeated by using the voltage of 1.0 , 1.5 , 2.0 , 2.5 & 3.0V. Tabulation of data Analysis of data

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Inference The number of turns of wire in the secondary coil affects the output voltage Hypothesis The greater the number of turns of wire in the secondary coil, the greater the output voltage Aim To investigate the relationship between number of turns of wire in the secondary coil and the output voltage Variables MV: no of turns in secondary coil RV: output voltage CV: no of turns of primary coil Materials & Apparatus
Voltmeter, coil, soft iron core, a.c power supply

Arrangement of apparatus Procedure 1. The set up of the apparatus is as shown in figure above. 2. 100 turns of wire is wound on the secondary coil of a transformer. 3. The switch is on and the output voltage is measured by using a voltmeter. 4. The experiment is repeated by winding the wire on secondary coil with 200 turns, 300 turns, 400 turns and 500 turns. Tabulation of data Analysis of data

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