Anatomy LE Test 1 Review Questions

1) _____ week is when lower limb buds form from L2 S2. 2) The great toe is directed _____ and sole of foot faces _____ during the first part of development? 3) The limbs rotate ______ to complete development for ambulation. 4) The acetabulum has a _____ shape, a _____ ______ surface, and _____ cartilage. 5) The significance of the acetabular notch is the _____ for the _____ of the head of the femur. 6) The _____ ______ is a deep central non articular surface. 7) The orientation of the acetabulum and femoral head are clinically important for these reasons: ______ and _____ _____. 8) The acetabulums orientation is______, ______, and ______. 9) The femoral heads orientation is ______, ______, and ______. 10) The femoral head is covered in ______ cartilage. 11) The ______ is where the ligament attaches to the head of the femur. 12) Since the acetabulum and femoral head do not have maximum joint congruency, ________ anatomically compensates. 13) The gluteal tuberosity, greater and lesser trochanters are significant boney landmarks for _________ ________. 14) The intertrochanteric line serves as attachment points for the ______ ______, _____ ______, and ________ ligament. 15) The pectineal line of the femur serves as an attachment point for _______ and _______. 16) The _____ ______ septa and _____ _____ head attach at the lateral lip of the linea aspera. 17) _______, ________, and ____ ____ ligament attach at the adductor tubercle. 18) The medial and lateral _____ _____ are both continuations of the linea aspera.

Answer Key
1) 5th 2) superiorly, anteriorly 3) medially 4) hemisphere, semilunar articular, hyaline 5) attachment, ligament 6) acetabular fossa 7) stability, boney congruency 8) anterior. lateral, inferior 9) anterior, medial, superior 10) hyaline 11) fovea 12) ligaments 13) muscle attachments 14) vastus medialis, joint capsule, iliofemoral 15) adductor brevis, and pectinieus 16) lateral intermuscular, biceps short 17) adductor magnus, MCL (medial collateral ligament), and medial patellofemoral 18) supracondylar lines

Anatomy LE Test 1 Review Questions

19) The _____ of ______ is the angle between the neck and shaft of the femur in the frontal plane. 20) With an abnormally increased angle of inclination (anything>140) you will see ____ _____ of the hip, and with an abnormally decreased angle of inclination (anything<115) you will see ___ ____ of the hip. 21) The ____ of ____ is the angle between the neck and shaft of femur in the transverse plane. 22) The average degree for this angle is _____. 23) If a patient had ______ at the hip the would present with toe out. 24) If a patient had ______ at the hip the would present with toe in. 25) The hip joint is a ______ and ______ joint. (think mechanically) 26) The _______ is another example of this type of joint. 27) The hip joint is a ____ joint. (think about the physiology) 28) The hip jt is designed more for ______ the glenohumeral jt is designed for _____. 29) The acetabular labrum is made up of _____ cartilage. 30) The acetabular labrum attaches to the ______ ______ and ______ ligament. 31) The _______ increases the depth of the acetabulum for increased stability. 32) _____ and _____ are two examples of fibrocartilage in the body. 33) _______ ligaments are thickening of the capsule. 34) _______ ligaments are within the capsule. 35) Injury to the ______ ligaments would cause the entire joint to swell. 36) Injury to the ______ ligaments may presents as localized or no swelling at all. 37) Transverse ligament and the ligament of the head of the femur both make up the _________ ligaments of the hip. 38) The capsule attaches to the acetabulum via the ________.

Answer Key
19) angle of inclination 20) coxa valga, coxa vara 21) angle anteversion 22) 10 23) retroversion 24) anteversion 25) ball socket 26) glenohumeral 27) synovial 28) stability, mobility 29) fibrocartilage 30) acetabular rim, transverse 31) labrum 32) IV disc, meniscus of the knee 33) capsular 34) intracapsular 35) intracapsular 36) capsular 37) intracapsular 38) labrum

Anatomy LE Test 1 Review Questions

39) The transverse ligament completes the gap of the ________ ______. 40) The ______ _______ carries blood supply to the head of the femur until growth plate closure (ages 16 20). 41) The joint capsule is strong, thickened anteriorly and superiorly, is lined with a ______ membrane, and as a group limits the action ______. 42) ______, _____, and ______ ligaments make up the capsular hip. 43) The ________ ligament wraps around posterior to anterior. 44) The ________ ligament is located anterior and inferior to the hip joint. 45) The _______ ligament is located anterior to the hip joint. 46) The ______ ______ is the position where overall joint surfaces are least congruent, there is the least compression of the joint surfaces, capsule and ligaments are maximally relaxed, space and volume and maximal, and maximal distraction is possible and greatest movement is available. 47) The clinical significance of the resting position is use of _______ ______ and position of _______ for injuries. 48) What is the resting position of the hip? 30 _____, _____, ____. 49) The ____ ____ _____ is the position of maximal congruency of articular surfaces and when ligaments are maximally stretched. 50) The hip has a _____ closed packed position and a ______ closed packed position. 51) The ______ closed pack position is 90 flexion, slight abduction, and slight ER 52) The _____ closed pack position is full extension, abduction, internal rotation. 53) The _____ ______ is the characteristic range of motion limitation due to pathology involving the entire capsule. 54) Of the 6 motions of the hip, ______, ______, and ______ are the most limited. 55) Shape of _______ _______, strength of _____ _____, labrum, and _______ attachments, all influence hip stability. 56) ______, ______ , and _____ make up the borders of the femoral triangle.

Answer Key
39) acetabular notch 40) ligamentum teres 41) synovial, extension 42) iliofemoral (Y ligament of Bigelow), ischiofemoral, pubofemoral 43) ischiofemoral 44) pubofemoral 45) iliofemoral aka Y ligament of Bigelow 46) resting packed 47) joint-play assessment, comfort 48) flexion, abduction, external rotation 49) closed packed position 50) boney, ligamentous 51) boney 52) ligamentous 53) capsular pattern 54) flexion, IR, abduction 55) articular surface, capsule/ligaments, muscle attachments 56) inguinal ligament, adductor longus, sartorious

Anatomy LE Test 1 Review Questions

57) _______, _______, and _______ pass through the femoral triangle. 58) _______ bursa is located between the iliofemoral and pubofemoral ligaments. 59) _______ bursa is located between the G Max and the greater trochanter. 60) Fat, cutaneous nerves, veins, and lymphatics are in the _____ fascia layer. 61) ______ fascia layer is found between the subcutaneous tissue and muscle. 62) The _____ ______ consist of these compartments: anterior, posterior, and medial. 63) The lateral _______ ______ connects the ITB to the lateral linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line. 64) The _____ cutaneous sural nerve is a branch of the tibial nerve. 65) The _____ cutaneous sural nerve is a branch of the common peroneal nerve. 66) The medial and lateral _______ arteries branch off the deep femoral artery. 67) The _____ _____ artery supplies most of the blood to head and neck of the femur through its branches. 68) The femoral artery continues down the leg passing through the _____ _____ of the adductor magnus. 69) After the femoral artery passes through the adductor hiatus it changes names to the _______ artery. 70) The ______ artery is a branch of the internal iliac and supplies ligamentum teres. 71) The _____ _____ vein is used for coronary artery bypass.

Answer Key
57) vasculature (femoral artery & vein) , femoral nerve, lymphatic vessels 58) psoas 59) trochanteric 60) superficial 61) deep 62) fascia lata 63) intermuscular septum 64) medial 65) lateral 66) circumflex 67) medial circumflex 68) adductor hiatus 69) popliteal 70) obturator 71) great saphenous

Anatomy LE Test 1 Review Questions

72) The spinal cord ends at ______ vertebrae. 73) The lumbar plexus consist of VR ___-___. 74) The largest branches of the lumbar plexus are ______, _______, and ______. 75) The smaller branches of the lumbar plexus are _______, ______, _____, & ______. 76) The ______ nerve supplies sensation to the anterior thigh and medial calf. 77) The largest branches of the sacral plexus are _____ and _____. 78) The sciatic nerve splits into _____ and _____. 79) The _____ nerve supplies sensation to the plantar surface of the foot. 80) The _____ nerve supplies sensation to the lateral aspect of the calf. 81) The _____ _____ _____ nerve supplies sensation to the posterior part of the thigh.

Answer Key
72) L2 73) L1- L4 74) femoral, obturator, and lumbosacral trunk 75) iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal, genitofemoral, and lateral femoral cutaneous 76) femoral 77) sciatic, pudendal 78) tibial, common peroneal 79) tibial 80) common peroneal 81) posterior femoral cutaneous