Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Social Perception
Karl Christoph Klauer
Universitt Freiburg - Institut fr Psychologie
Facial Expressions
Characterization Genetic? Facial Feedback Social Function
Wintersemester 2011/2012
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Outline
Social Perception K. C. Klauer Nonverbal Communication
Basic Channels Cultural Dierences Recognizing Deception
Nonverbal Communication
Basic channels Cultural dierences Recognizing deception
Facial Expressions
Characterization Genetic? Facial Feedback Social Function
Facial Expressions
Characterization and Measurement Genetic or learned? Facial Feedback Theory Social Function
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Facial Expressions
Characterization Genetic? Facial Feedback Social Function
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Nonverbal Communication
Social Perception K. C. Klauer Nonverbal Communication
Basic Channels Cultural Dierences Recognizing Deception
Nonverbal Communication: An unspoken language of facial expressions and body language. Basic Channels Face: Reveals current moods/feelings. Eye contact: Reveals friendliness, shyness, aggression. Body language (position, posture, movement): Reveals emotional states, status, cultural emblems. Touching: Reveals aection, interest, dominance, caring, threat, aggression. Tone of Voice: Reveals emotions.
Facial Expressions
Characterization Genetic? Facial Feedback Social Function
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Gestures (as part of body language) Emblems (Thumbs up, okay). Illustrators Regulators
Facial Expressions
Characterization Genetic? Facial Feedback Social Function
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Posture
Social Perception K. C. Klauer Nonverbal Communication
Basic Channels Cultural Dierences Recognizing Deception
Facial Expressions
Characterization Genetic? Facial Feedback Social Function
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Movement
Social Perception K. C. Klauer Nonverbal Communication
Basic Channels Cultural Dierences Recognizing Deception
Facial Expressions
Characterization Genetic? Facial Feedback Social Function
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Position
Social Perception K. C. Klauer Nonverbal Communication
Basic Channels Cultural Dierences Recognizing Deception
Facial Expressions
Characterization Genetic? Facial Feedback Social Function
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Handshake
Social Perception K. C. Klauer Nonverbal Communication
Basic Channels Cultural Dierences Recognizing Deception
Facial Expressions
Characterization Genetic? Facial Feedback Social Function
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Tone of Voice
Social Perception K. C. Klauer Nonverbal Communication
Basic Channels Cultural Dierences Recognizing Deception
Facial Expressions
Characterization Genetic? Facial Feedback Social Function
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Touch
Social Perception K. C. Klauer Nonverbal Communication
Basic Channels Cultural Dierences Recognizing Deception
Positive aect, sympathy, sexual interest. Play. Control (gain attention]. Task related (measure pulse, show hand movement). Negative aect (push away). Aggression.
Facial Expressions
Characterization Genetic? Facial Feedback Social Function
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Cultural Dierences
Social Perception K. C. Klauer Nonverbal Communication
Basic Channels Cultural Dierences Recognizing Deception
Facial Expressions
Characterization Genetic? Facial Feedback Social Function
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Facial Expressions
Characterization Genetic? Facial Feedback Social Function
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Asia:
No contradiction/disagreement. Women do not laugh in public.
Europe:
No pleasure in others misfortune. Men do not weep.
Facial Expressions
Characterization Genetic? Facial Feedback Social Function
Study Sad emotional movie: Both American and Japanese viewers show emotions in private conditions. Only Americans in public condition.
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Facial Expressions
Characterization Genetic? Facial Feedback Social Function
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Frequency of Touch One hour observation of couples in public place. London: 0 Florida: 2 Paris: 110 Puerto Rico: 180
Facial Expressions
Characterization Genetic? Facial Feedback Social Function
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Facial Expressions
Characterization Genetic? Facial Feedback Social Function
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Interchannel discrepancies.
Eyes inconsistent with face.
Facial Expressions
Characterization Genetic? Facial Feedback Social Function
Eye contact.
Blink more, pupils dilate, high or low eye contact.
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Facial Expressions
Characterization Genetic? Facial Feedback Social Function
High motivation: Questions will be asked about the videotape you see. Low motivation: Questions about other messages not on the tape will be asked. 19 / 44
Facial Expressions
Characterization Genetic? Facial Feedback Social Function
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Facial Expressions
Characterization Genetic? Facial Feedback Social Function
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Facial Expressions
Characterization Genetic? Facial Feedback Social Function
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Ekman & Friesen, 1976 Based on anatomical studies. Facial action units plus frequent combinations. About 100 hours of practice. Translation rules (actions to emotions).
Facial Expressions
Characterization Genetic? Facial Feedback Social Function
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Facial Expressions
Characterization Genetic? Facial Feedback Social Function
Comparative observation. Developmental evidence. Blind persons. Cultural dierences? Angry-face phenomenon.
Facial Expressions
Characterization Genetic? Facial Feedback Social Function
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Comparative Observation
Social Perception K. C. Klauer Nonverbal Communication
Basic Channels Cultural Dierences Recognizing Deception
Facial Expressions
Characterization Genetic? Facial Feedback Social Function
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Developmental Evidence
Social Perception K. C. Klauer Nonverbal Communication
Basic Channels Cultural Dierences Recognizing Deception
Emotional repertoire of newborns (Steiner, 1979). Sweet uid: Smile. Bitter substance, unpleasant smells: Disgust. Loud noise, falling: Shock (closing eyes, inching).
Facial Expressions
Characterization Genetic? Facial Feedback Social Function
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Born blind
Social Perception K. C. Klauer Nonverbal Communication
Basic Channels Cultural Dierences Recognizing Deception
Facial Expressions
Characterization Genetic? Facial Feedback Social Function
Basic emotional facial actions inherited, but coarser and more abrupt than in unimpaired children.
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Facial Expressions
Characterization Genetic? Facial Feedback Social Function
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Cultural Dierences?
Social Perception K. C. Klauer Nonverbal Communication
Basic Channels Cultural Dierences Recognizing Deception
Facial Expressions
Characterization Genetic? Facial Feedback Social Function
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Cultural Dierences?
Social Perception K. C. Klauer Nonverbal Communication
Basic Channels Cultural Dierences Recognizing Deception
Facial Expressions
Characterization Genetic? Facial Feedback Social Function
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Angry-Face Phenomenon
Social Perception K. C. Klauer Nonverbal Communication
Basic Channels Cultural Dierences Recognizing Deception
If genetic, then there should be survival value. For example, it should be easy to detect facial expressions signalling impending aggression. Hansen & Hansen (1988). Detect angry face in happy crowd vs. detect happy face in angry crowd. Size of crowd was manipulated. Detection is ecient, if independent of crowd size.
Facial Expressions
Characterization Genetic? Facial Feedback Social Function
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Facial Expressions
Characterization Genetic? Facial Feedback Social Function
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Tourangeau & Ellworth: Emotional expressions not only indicators of emotions, but also causes?
Facial Expressions
Characterization Genetic? Facial Feedback Social Function
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The task was to rate cartoons for how funny they were. Cover Story Paralysis. Learn to hold pen with mouth (lips vs. teeth).
Facial Expressions
Characterization Genetic? Facial Feedback Social Function
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Facial Expressions
Characterization Genetic? Facial Feedback Social Function
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Many studies on posture/actions. Approach movements: Facilitates perception and processing of positive stimuli. Avoidance movements: Facilitates perception and processing of negative stimuli. Evaluative coding or behavior-aect link?
Neumann, Frster, Strack.
Facial Expressions
Characterization Genetic? Facial Feedback Social Function
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Readout view.
Strong and compelling link between emotions and facial expressions. Facial expression can, however, be suppressed (to some extent).
Facial Expressions
Characterization Genetic? Facial Feedback Social Function
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Lone Bowlers Dont Smile Recorded smiles of bowlers. Readout view: Smile as a function of score. Social communication view: Smile as a function of whether others can see it.
Facial Expressions
Characterization Genetic? Facial Feedback Social Function
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Facial Expressions
Characterization Genetic? Facial Feedback Social Function
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Fridlund, 1991
Pleasant Videotape and Smiles Participants viewed pleasant videotapes. Four conditions ranging from alone to with friend.
Facial Expressions
Characterization Genetic? Facial Feedback Social Function
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Characterization Genetic? Facial Feedback Social Function
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Facial Expressions
Characterization Genetic? Facial Feedback Social Function
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The End
Social Perception K. C. Klauer Nonverbal Communication
Basic Channels Cultural Dierences Recognizing Deception
Facial Expressions
Characterization Genetic? Facial Feedback Social Function
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