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SYNOPSIS
Today the world is of electronics and computers, the development in
there spheres are unprecedented and there are more and more sophisticated devices
being launched.
Power device employing the transistors are being used to cope up the
using power transistors. The report induce the step by step designed of electronic
control circuit.
INTRODUCTION
designed output voltage and frequency. This conversion can be achieved either by
controlling ON and OFF devices [ eg. BJTs MOSFETs IGBTs, SITs, GTOs etc.]
provides square wave output, which is unsuitable for powering those equipment
which has rotating machinery such as in induction motors and blowers also for
ideal choice for powering devices such as cordless phone, medical electronics
equipments and even T.V., V.C.R. and Computer etc. during mains failure.
power transistors are used for switching purpose. During each half cycle only one
of two power transistors conduct and drives the current through half of the primary
flows through the primary and also through the secondary of transformer. And this
A.C. output is converted into pure sine wave using OTT filter and sine wave
IMPORTANCE OF INVERTER
medium power inputs, transistorized inverters are suitable but for high power
outputs, SCR's should be used. For low power self-oscillating transistor inverters
are suitable but for high power outputs, driven inverters are more common than
self-oscillating one.
better frequency stability because a separator master oscillator is used for the
purpose for the application in invertors, transistors have some Advantages over
SCR's regarding the switching speed, simplicity in control circuit higher efficiency
and greater reliability. This is mainly due to the fact that SCR's inverters requires
extra circuits to turn SCR's off, moreover additional complex logic circuits may be
provide power to the complicated electronic system. They are useful in the
operation and various airbone equipment. More over they find wide applications
in a Ac to Dc converter.
CLASSIFICATION OF INVERTERS
The inverter are classified into two groups namely, voltage source
Voltage source inverter is one in which the source has small and
suitable to single motor and multi motor drives. On the other hand the current
impedance. Typically a phase controlled SCR's feeds the inverter with revaluated
Single phase bridge inverter are again classified as half bridge and
full bridge inverter. 3.1 shows half bridge inverter and figure 3.2 shows full
parallel inverter. Load commutated inverter and force commutated inverter. The
Inverter
MC MC
Murray Murrary
Bedford
THEORY OF TRANSISTOR
characteristics. The transistors, which are used as switching elements are operated
in the saturation region, resulting in a low on state voltage drop. The switching
speed of modern transistors in much higher than that of thyristors and they are
extensively employed in dc-dc and ac-ac converter, with inverse parallel connected
base (B) and collector (C) regions. The term bipolar indicates that current flow
consists of a movement of both positive and negative charges, that is holes and
electrons.
base region. This is the N-P-N transistor which has the circuit symbol shown. For
high voltage and high current applications. N-P-N transistors are more widely
bias and the emitter acts as a source of mobile carriers which enter the base region,
these injected carriers are electrons in the N-P-N transistor. In general, the emitter
carriers, which become minority carries when they enter the base. Most of these
minority carriers diffuse through the base region, which is very narrow and arrive
at the collector base junction. This junction is reversed by an external voltage and
hence, the minority base carriers injected by the emitter are swept into the
collector region by the electric field at the collector base junction. Figure shows
transistor. Some electron recombine in the base region and do not reach the
collector. Hence, collector current, IC is slightly less than emitter current, I E. The
difference between these currents is responsible for the small base current IB.
230 V AC
LOAD
FILTER
OTT
TRANSISFORME
R 12-0-12
V/230V
O/P
10
Inverter Cum Charger
Inverter Cum Charger
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
A) Inverter control circuit :-
employing IC555, with 5.1 supply voltage derived from 12 v. battery by using 5.1v
frequency of 100 HZ, which can be varied above or below 100 HZ using preset
HZ. Due to the tolerance of the component values. Observed frequency may not
be exactly equal to 100 HZ and therefore preset PR1 may need to be suitably
adjusted.
7473, which produces the two 50 H Z square wave outputs at its pin 8 and 9 with a
phase difference of 180 degrees between the two. One of outputs is coupled to the
base of transistor T2 through diode D1 and limiting resistor R4 while the second
output is given to the base of transistor T1 through diode D2 and series resistor R5.
inherent high speed turn - ON and turn OFF capabilities. The output pulses
generated from pin no.8 and pin no.9. of IC 7473 are applied to the base of
During half cycle, only one of the two transistors, conducts and
C) Ott Filter :-
1) It provides sine wave output, thus the essential elimination of harmonic content
to the load.
factor. However it suffers from the disadvantage that the voltage drop across the
circuit is more.
Suitable actual size sided PCB for the circuit of figure (T) is
manufactured and all the component with expect transistors are accommodate on
the PCB the two transistors are to be mounted on appropriate heat sink. A single
heat sink may be used but the transistors should be insulated from the heat sink
using mica insulator and secured using either IC screw/nuts or appropriate Teflon
washers ensuring that the body is not shorted to heat sink. Also use heat sink
between mica insulators and heat sink. Precaution by way shorting all three
terminates of transistor together using a thin copper stand and during together may
be taken. When the item is being handled during the assembly. Remove this
shorting only after the assembly and the computer using is over.
of 12VAC-012VAC (05 amp. Current rating) and secondary voltage rating of 230
V ( 750 MA or higher current ) the supply for the circuit is taken from a single
12V.07 Ah battery which is adequate for supplying about 200 W/load for 2 hours
in absence of main supply. Higher ampere hour battery could be used for
stand Teflon isolated wires of suitable current handling capacity for extending the
PCB should be fully tested before connecting the final collector output to
transistors.
transformer and across the output of OTT filter the load is connected.
For charging purpose the supply from the A.C. main is given to the
step down transformer (9-0-9) which steps down the 230 V of A.C. supply to 12
volt. A.C. from the secondary of the step down transformer is given to the diode
rectifier circuit which converts the A.C. to D.C. (12V). This 12 V. D.C. supply is
CHARGER CIRCUIT
List of Components
CHARACTERISTICS OF INVERTER
3) Controlled output
astronauts suits.
9. Sine wave inverter is ideal choice for powering devices such as cordless phase,
medical, electronics equipment and even TV, VCR, etc. during mains failure.
techniques.
will get reduced, response will be better and correction time will be fast and
4. The inverter circuitry can made more smart by adding extra circuitry such
as battery deep discharge and no load over load cutoff and battery changing
circuitry.
Now a days, generally this is used in luxury travels and also be use
BIBLIOGRAPHY
- Khanna Publishers
Printice Hall