Scheme Development: Web openings for services in beams in multi-storey buildings

Scheme Development: Web openings for services in beams in multi-storey buildings SS015a-EN-EU

Scheme Development: Web openings for services in beams in multi-storey buildings

Outlines the types of openings in beams in multi-storey buildings that are necessary to accommodate service within the depth of the beam. Gives guidance on practical geometric limits.

Contents
1. 2. Form of Construction Geometric Limits on Opening Size 2 2

Created on Sunday, February 08, 2009 This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Use of this document is subject to the terms and conditions of the Access Steel Licence Agreement

Page 1

Scheme Development: Web openings for services in beams in multi-storey buildings

Scheme Development: Web openings for services in beams in multi-storey buildings SS015a-EN-EU

1.

Form of Construction

Web openings may be used in cases where the beam is over-designed in bending, or where shear forces are relatively low. Three generic types cases of beams with web openings exist: Cellular beams with multiple circular openings. Castellated beams with multiple hexagonal openings. Fabricated or hot rolled steel beam with isolated openings. For cellular or castellated beams, it is generally the conditions of high shear close to the supports that control design, whereas for fabricated beams, both the cross-section and opening size can be tailor made for the application. Cellular beams are increasingly used because their openings are efficient for circular service ducts. Elongated openings, for rectangular ducts, can be created by removing the web-post locally in regions of low shear.

Created on Sunday, February 08, 2009 This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Use of this document is subject to the terms and conditions of the Access Steel Licence Agreement

2.

Geometric Limits on Opening Size

Limits on the size of the openings for concept design of beams with large web openings are summarised in Table 2.1 and in Figure 2.1. Rectangular openings may be required at major service routes. Particular care is required in cases of heavy point loads, or openings close to the supports. At secondary beam locations, vertical stiffeners may be required.

Page 2

Scheme Development: Web openings for services in beams in multi-storey buildings

Scheme Development: Web openings for services in beams in multi-storey buildings SS015a-EN-EU

Table 2.1

Geometric limits for large web openings

Dimensional limit Circular Opening Rectangular Opening 0.7 D Ro and do D D

Diameter / depth Spacing End distance Distance from point loads

D Ro = = depth of section opening diameter or depth length of opening

0.8 D 0.4 do 0.5 do 0.5 do

do =

Created on Sunday, February 08, 2009 This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Use of this document is subject to the terms and conditions of the Access Steel Licence Agreement

0.25 R0

d 0 0.7 D

R0

> R0

d 0 0.8 D

>0.5d

>0.4d

Figure 1.1

Limits on sizes and spacing of circular and rectangular web openings

Page 3

Scheme Development: Web openings for services in beams in multi-storey buildings

Scheme Development: Web openings for services in beams in multi-storey buildings SS015a-EN-EU

An example of a series of rectangular openings in a primary beam is shown in Figure 2.2. An example of an elongated opening in a cellular beam is shown in Figure 2.3.

Created on Sunday, February 08, 2009 This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Use of this document is subject to the terms and conditions of the Access Steel Licence Agreement

Figure 2.2

Series of rectangular openings in a primary beam

Figure 2.3

Elongated openings in cellular beams

Page 4

Scheme Development: Web openings for services in beams in multi-storey buildings

Scheme Development: Web openings for services in beams in multi-storey buildings SS015a-EN-EU

Quality Record
RESOURCE TITLE Scheme Development: Web openings for services in beams in multistorey buildings

Reference(s) ORIGINAL DOCUMENT Name Created by Technical content checked by Editorial content checked by Technical content endorsed by the following STEEL Partners: 1. UK 2. France
Created on Sunday, February 08, 2009 This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Use of this document is subject to the terms and conditions of the Access Steel Licence Agreement

Company SCI SCI SCI

Date Jan 05 May 05 May 05

R.M. Lawson G.W. Owens D.C. Iles

G.W. Owens A. Bureau A. Olsson C. Mueller J. Chica M. Haller G.W. Owens

SCI CTICM SBI RWTH Labein PARE SCI

26/5/05 26/5/05 26/5/05 11/5/05 20/5/05 26/5/05 26/4/06

3. Sweden 4. Germany 5. Spain 6. Luxembourg Resource approved by Technical Coordinator TRANSLATED DOCUMENT This Translation made and checked by Translated resource approved by

Page 5