1ypes of Den|m Wash

uenlm washlng are of Lwo dlfferenL Lypes

1 Mechanlcal
2 Chemlcal

Chemlcal washes of denlm fabrlc may be of dlfferenL Lypes
uenlm 8leachlng
Lnzyme washlng
Acld washlng
8lnse wash
Cellulose wash
Czone fadlng
Snow wash
SalL waLer denlm
llaL flnlsh
Cver dye
Sun washlng
Super dark sLone

Mechanlcal denlm washes are sLone washlng and mlcro sandlng uurlng sLone washlng sLones
are used ln order Lo achleve Lyplcal wash down effecL 1here are Lhree Lypes of mlcro sandlng
such as
Sand blasLlng
Machlne sandlng
and sandlng
Jhlskerlng
ShoL gun denlm
JaLer [eL fadlng
Super sLone wash
ce wash
1hermo denlm
aser Lechnology flnlsh

Des|z|ng
1he slzed denlm fabrlc conslsLs of cellulose flber coaLed wlLh a fllm of sLarch Cellulose and
sLarch are chemlcally relaLed uurlng weavlng Lhe warp yarns are sub[ecLed Lo conslderable
sLress and sLraln due Lo fasL movlng reed and oLher machlne parLs n order Lo prevenL Lhe end
breakages Lhe warp yarns are slzed AlLhough several oLher subsLances have been developed
sLlll slzlng ls sLlll based upon sLarch 1he sLarch makes Lhe cloLh less absorbenL whlch lmpalrs
Lhe upLake of bleaches dyes and oLher chemlcals ence compleLe removal of Lhe slze ls
exLremely essenLlal
1here are varlous meLhods of deslzlng 1radlLlonal deslzlng ls carrled ouL wlLh acld alkall or
oxldaLlve deslzlng agenLs owever Lhese chemlcals havlng some llmlLaLlons and
dlsadvanLages 1he cellulose maLerlal may be damaged and loses sLrengLh wlLh Lhese chemlcal
LreaLmenLs
JlLh Lhe lnLroducLlon of deslzlng wlLh enzymes (amylases) Lhe llmlLaLlon and drawbacks of
LradlLlonal deslzlng process has been removed 1he enzymaLlc deslzlng ls consldered Lo be Lhe
besL and safesL ConvenLlonal deslzlng degrade Lhe cellulose whlch ls noL occur ln case of
enzymaLlc deslzlng Lnzymes are very speclflc ln Lhelr acLlon and acL only on Lhe sLarch wlLhouL
reacLlng on cellulose
1he enzymaLlc deslzlng process ls performed by uslng alpha amylase enzyme whlch hydrolyses
Lhe cellulose 1he enzyme deslzlng process offers hlgh efflclency and speclflc acLlon Amylases
compleLely remove Lhe slze 1hese enzymes are harmless Lo Lhe fabrlc and are envlronmenL
frlendly





each|ng
uenlm bleachlng normally carrled ouL wlLh a sLrong oxldaLlve bleachlng agenL such as sodlum
hypochlorlLe or kMnC
4
8leachlng may be carrled ouL wlLh or wlLhouL Lhe addlLlon of sLone 1he
bleachlng washlng effecL and decoloraLlon usually depends on sLrengLh of Lhe bleach llquor
llquor quanLlLy LemperaLure and LreaLmenL Llme 1he bleached fabrlc maLerlals should be
properly anLlchlored or afLer washed wlLh peroxlde Lo reduced Lhe subsequenL yellowlng or
Lenderlng of Lhe bleached denlm fabrlc


Stone wash
SLone washlng of denlm fabrlc glves used" or vlnLage" look on Lhe garmenLs 1hls ls due Lo
Lhe varylng degree of abraslon ln Lhe garmenL 1he LradlLlonal sLone washlng of denlm
garmenLs normally carrled ouL wlLh pumlce sLones Lo achleve a sofL hand and deslrable look
1he pumlce sLones havlng oval and round shape wlLh a rough surface work as an abradanL ln
washlng cycle 1he varlaLlons ln shape composlLlon hardness and poroslLy glves dlfferenL
washlng effecL ln Lhe denlm fabrlc uurlng washlng Lhese sLones scrap off dye parLlcles from
Lhe surface of Lhe yarn of Lhe denlm fabrlc whlch shows a faded worn ouL and brllllance effecL
ln Lhe denlm fabrlc uue Lo rlng dyelng of denlm fabrlc and heavy abraslon durlng sLone
washlng Lhe fadlng ls more apparenL buL less unlform

n order Lo geL Lhe deslred washed effecL Lhe sLone should be of proper hardness shape and
slze lor heavy welghL denlm fabrlc large and hard sLones are sulLable and also lasL longer
Slmllarly smaller and sofLer sLones are sulLable for llghL welghL denlm fabrlcs
1he degree of colour fadlng durlng sLone washlng depends on several facLors such as garmenL
Lo sLone raLlo washlng Llme slze of sLones maLerlal Lo llquor raLlo and load of garmenLs 1he
washlng Llme may varles from 60 120 mln SLones may be reused unLll Lhey dlslnLegraLe
compleLely
9umlce ls a naLural volcanlc sLone used for sLone washlng garmenLs L ls crysLalllzed wlLh
subsLanLlve pores 9umlce ls mosLly used for sLone washlng due Lo lLs durablllLy Lo chemlcals
LreaLmenL lLs sLrengLh and llghL welghL

nzyme wash
n order Lo mlnlmlze Lhe adverse effecL of sLonewashlng Lhe denlm garmenLs ls washed wlLh
enzymes 1he enzyme breaks Lhe surface cellulose flbers of Lhe denlm fabrlc and removes
durlng washlng uurlng enzyme washlng cerLaln amounL of lndlgo dye and cellulose flbers from
Lhe surface of Lhe fabrlc are removed
Lnzymes are proLelns found ln all llvlng organlsms planLs as well as anlmals and
mlcroorganlsm All organlsms produce a wlde range of enzymes Lnzyme washlng ls ecologlcally
frlendly due Lo Lhe naLural orlglns of enzymes Lnzymes baslcally caLalyse speclflc chemlcal
reacLlons and are known as 'blocaLalysLs' Lnzymes acL on llvlng cells and can be work aL
aLmospherlc pressure and ln mlld Lemp and p