THE METHOD AND TECHNIQUE USED IN TEACHING VOCABULARY TO YOUNG LEARNERS (A Case Study at LPIA Kelapa Dua) Penulis

Pertama: Widaningsih Jalan Margonda Raya No. 100 Jurusan Sastra Inggris, Fakultas Sastra, Universitas Gunadarma (dha_rha25@yahoo.com)

ABSTRAK Key Words: Teaching, Method, Technique

Teaching vocabulary must be easy and enjoyable for the students. It is intended so the students easy to keep the new words in their mind. English teachers have to use good method and technique in teaching vocabulary to young learners. The problems of this research are what teaching method, technique, and media used in teaching vocabulary to young learners are. The aims of this research are to describe the method, technique, and media used in teaching vocabulary to young learners. To obtain the data the writer conducted a nonparticipant observation and an interview with the class teacher. The numbers of the students observed were eight students and there was one teacher in the room. The result of this research from the class observation and interview can be concluded that the teacher used First Aid in English System (FAIES) method in teaching vocabulary to young learners. The technique used was drilling technique and the media used were pictures, whiteboard and games. INTRODUCTION Background of the Problem Justification of the Research In learning a foreign language, vocabulary plays an important role. It is an element that links the four skills of language like listening, speaking, reading and writing all together. Vocabulary is one of the most aspects of the foreign language learning. Without vocabulary, we cannot communicative effectively. So, the first step to learn English is learning vocabulary. There are many kinds of methods and techniques to teach vocabulary to young learners such as teaching vocabulary by using pictures, songs, games, cartoon video and else. The writer is interested in doing research on method and technique used in teaching vocabulary to young learners. This research is important because it concerns with method and technique used to teach vocabulary to young learners. This research will

describe the teaching method as well as teaching technique used in LPIA in teaching vocabulary to young learners. Previous Research Ivonne Isabella Pattisina (2004) Ivonne wrote The Teaching Method of English Vocabulary to Young Learners. A thesis for undergraduate degree program in faculty of letters Gunadarma University. She analyzed method of teaching English vocabulary to young learners. She used a qualitative descriptive method. Her research at SD Tritunggal, Tangerang. The data that she collected were form interview and observation . Shinta Ekararti Permatasari (2006) Shinta wrote Teaching English Vocabulary by Using Pictures and Songs to Young Learners at TK Kalpataru Bintaro. A thesis for undergraduated degree program in faculty of letters Gunadarma University. In her research, she analyzed about the use of pictures and songs in teaching English vocabulary. She discussed the comparative study on teaching English vocabulary in that kindergarten. She uses quantitative method. And the data she got by interviewed and gave the test. Position of the Research The research done by the writer is related to the previous research because this research is also about how to help students in comprehending vocabulary. But in this research the writer focuses on the method and technique used by the teacher in teaching vocabulary to young learners. Problem Formulation 1. What method is used in teaching vocabulary to young learners? 2. What technique is used in teaching vocabulary to young learners? 3. What teaching-learning media are used in teaching vocabulary to young learners? Aim of the Study 1. To describe the method used in teaching vocabulary to young learners. 2. To describe the technique used in teaching vocabulary to young learners. 3. To describe the teaching-learning media used in teaching vocabulary to young learners. Scope of the Study This research is concerned with the method, technique, and media utilized in relation to the method and technique used in teaching vocabulary to young learning at LPIA. 2

Significance of the Study This research which was conducted at LPIA will be beneficial for the teachers because the teachers will learn from the method and technique in teaching vocabulary which have been successfully used in the classroom. By revealing the method and technique in teaching vocabulary to young learners can create a conducive atmosphere in the classroom and help students in their learning activities. The students will be more active and enjoy in the classroom. THEORETICAL REVIEW Theory of FAIES Method According to Sigmund Freud, FAIES (first aid in English System) is the teaching method to emphasize or stress on communication which consist of Direct approach, Functional approach, situational approach and Drilling technique. It is actually merging from those 3 approaches and 1 technique. This method was expended by Ali Badarrudin around 18 years ago in 1990. Basically, the methods want the students can learn English (especially in learning vocabulary) without translation. The Characteristics of FAIES Method Sigmund Freud said FAIES (first aid in English system) is the teaching method to emphasize or stress on communication which consist of Direct approach, Functional approach, situational approach and Drilling technique (Richard wollheim;Sigmund Freud, Cambridge University Press). 1. Directional Approach: Is a teaching method for LPIAs teachers to use the target language by giving a real object or sample, a good model of pronunciation, demonstration and action in explaining the new things or lessons. The students are encouraged to automatically say the English words without feeling shy or afraid of making mistakes. 2. Functional Approach: Is a teaching method for LPIAs teachers to explain the grammars without using formula, but rather than lots of sentences and speaking patterns. The students are strongly asked to use the sentences correctly to communicate with others.

3. Situational Approach: Is a teaching method for LPIAs teachers to create or develop teaching situations based on the lesson that is explained and or the world situations Practice will mostly be done in pairs, role plays, drama or simulations. The students are, in any situations, encouraged to use English confidently

4. Drilling Technique: Is a teaching technique for LPIAs teachers to drill the students by asking them to repeat after teachers to make them remember about the lesson, even after they have already arrived home and have done other activities. Drilling on making good sentences and imitating good pronunciation is the main target of fluency. This FAIES method has lesson strategies, they are: 1. Prepare Before start to teach the instructor must prepare the materials for teaching the children. So that the instructor will not confusing what he or she should teach to his or her students. 2. Review It is very important for the students to be reminded about the last sessions subject in order to make the students understand about the materials as a whole. 3. Motivation Most of the students attend the course after they their classes at school or after they have another activity that make their stamina and motivation decrease. Here, our job is to elicit their curiously about the subject that we are going to explain by opening up their mind in motivation session. 4. Motivation The main thing about teaching is doing the presentation at it is best, so that the students will go home bringing new knowledge they have never known before without giving them formula like they have already had at school. 5. Practice Instructor gives practice using directional, functional and situational approach based on the explanations.

6. Objective In this part means the students have already understood with what the teacher explained. 7. Summary To make sure whether students have understood about the lesson the instructor has explained, give the short questions based on the subjects. If less than 80% students understand about the subject, it is suggested that instructor repeat the presentation all over again. 8. Assessment Instructor gives final task to the students as an evaluation to find out whether the teaching sessions succeed or not. Definition of Vocabulary According to Penny Ur (1996: 60) vocabulary can be defined, roughly, as the words we teach in the foreign language. RESEARCH METHOD Method of the Research The method design of this study is a qualitative study. A qualitative research is concerned with collecting and analyzing information in as many forms, chiefly non-numeric as possible. It tends to focus on exploring, in as much detail as possible, smaller number of instances / examples, which are seen as being interesting / illuminating and aims to achieve depth rather than breath: (Blaxter, 1996:60) Source of the Data The sources of the data are taken from the Observation Guide and Interview Guide. Techniques of Collecting Data In collecting data, the writer took the following steps: 1. The writer came and sat in the classroom together with the students. 2. The writer sat at the back row to observe the teacher, the students, and the teachinglearning activities. 3. The writer took note on whatever happened during teaching-learning activities, including the teachers questions and the students answers. 4. The writer interviewed the class teacher after the teaching-learning activities were finished.

Techniques of Analyzing Data The data obtained through observation and interview guide were the descriptions of the teaching method, teaching technique and teaching media used by the teacher. The writer read the descriptions of the teaching method, teaching technique, and teaching media used in the classroom several times and identified what teaching method, teaching technique and teaching media used. RESULT OF THE STUDY AND DISCUSSION Result of the Study and Discussions Method of Teaching Vocabulary to Young Learners at LPIA Kelapa Dua The teaching method used by the teacher is FAIES (First Aid In English System) method. The teacher used the target language in explaining the lesson and in giving direction or questions to the students. The teacher encouraged her students to answer the questions using the target language. When students did not understand some vocabulary, the teacher explained using examples, and picture; however, if the students still could not understand the meaning of the vocabulary the teacher gave the meaning in Indonesian. In this case, the teacher employed the FAIES method because mostly the teacher used English in the classroom. Techniques of Teaching Vocabulary to Young Learners at LPIA Kelapa Dua The technique that used by LPIA is Drilling Technique. Here are the steps of the techniques used by the teacher: 1. Prepare Before start to teach the teacher prepare the materials for teaching the children. So the teacher will not confusing what she or he should teach to their students. 2. Review The teacher always review the lessons or materials that given to the students in the next meeting. The aim is to make sure that the students had understood and reminded the lesson that had given before. And to make the students understand about the material as a whole.

3. Motivation Most of the students attend the course after they have their classes at school or after they have another activity that make their stamina and motivation decrease. Here the teacher job is to elicit their curiously about the subject that we are going to explain by opening up their mind in motivation session. 4. Practice The teacher gives practice using directional, functional and situational approach based on the explanations. 5. Objective In this part means the students have already understood with what the teacher explained. 6. Summary To make sure whether students have understood about the lesson the teacher has explained, the teacher gives the questions based on the subject. 7. Assessment The teacher gives final task to the students as an evaluation to find out whether the teaching sessions succeed or not. The Teaching Media The teaching media used by the teacher were pictures, whiteboard, games. 1. The picture The picture that used in teaching vocabulary is from textbook of LPIA. The picture in the books could be used to support the materials and to help the students understand the topics. There are many kind of pictures in the book such as picture of fruit, animal, number, and else. The teacher used the pictures to help students comprehend the materials and to attract their attention to the lesson topic. 2. Whiteboard The whiteboard was the essential media in the classroom. The teacher used the whiteboard to do some activities: a. To write down the vocabulary topic, b. To draw pictures needed in explaining the text, c. To write down questions for the students, d. And to write down the students answer.

3. Games The teacher used games to improve students vocabulary such as Hangman games, whisper games, etc. Discussion The Teaching Method The teaching method used by the teacher at LPIA is FAIES (First Aid in English System). There are some evidences which showed that this method is implemented in teaching-learning activities such as: 1. In teaching-learning activities the teacher used the target language in teaching the materials. 2. In teaching-learning activities the teacher explains the grammar without using formula. 3. The teacher drills the students by asking them to repeat after teacher to make them remember about the lesson. There are some advantages in using FAIES (First Aid in English System) in teaching-learning process there are: 1. The students are encouraged to automatically say the English words without feeling shy or afraid of making mistakes. 2. The students are strongly asked to use the sentences correctly to communicate with others. 3. The students are, in any situations, encouraged to use English confidently 4. Students will be more active in teaching-learning process. The Teaching Technique The teaching technique that used by LPIA in teaching vocabulary is Drilling Technique. Here are the steps of the techniques used by the teacher: Step 1: Before starting to teach the teacher always prepares the materials for teaching the children. Step 2 : The teacher always reviews the lesson or materials that given to the students in the next meeting. It is made therefore the students understand about the materials as a whole. Step 3 : The teacher starts to teach by opening up their mind in motivation session. Step 4 : The teacher gives them the exercise. Step 5 : The students have already understood with what the teacher explained. 8

Step 6 : The teacher gives the questions based on the subject. Step 7 : The teacher gives final task to the students as an evaluation. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION Conclusion After doing a non-participant observation and interviews, the writer draws some conclusions. The method employed by the teacher is FAIES (First Aid in English System) method. The technique employed is drilling techniques. This technique make the students remember about the lesson, even after they have already arrived home and have done other activities. The media used in the teaching-learning activities are pictures, whiteboard, and games. Suggestion The writer suggests that there should be more research about the method and the technique in teaching with different topics. It is useful for a teacher who is still confused in finding the best method and technique for teaching so they would know how to improve their students ability by using the best method and technique in teaching. BIBLIOGRAPHY Allen, Virginia French. 1983. Techniques in Teaching Vocabulary. New York: Oxford University press. Brown, H. Douglas. 1994. Teaching by Principles: Teaching and Materials. New Jersey: Prentice Hall Inc. Harmer, Jeremy. 1998. How to Teach English. Longman: Longman Group Limited. Harmer, Jeremy. 2001. The Practice of English Language Teaching. Pearson Education Limited. Jesness, Jery. 2004. Teaching English Language Learners K-12. London : Corwin Press. Longman : University Press. (1992) Longman Dictionary of English Language and Culture. Larsen, Diane and Freeman. (1968) Technique and Principles in Language Teaching. New York : Cambridge University press. Richard, J.C, Theoore S Rodgers. (1986) Teaching Method in Teaching: A Description and Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. The Oxford English Dictionary. 1993. New York :Oxford University Press Inc. Ur. Penny. 1996. A Course in Language Teaching. London : Cambridge University Press. Wilkinson, David. 2000. The Researcher Toolkit : The Complete Guide to Practitioner Research. London : Routledge Falmer. Wollheim, Richard. (1981) Sigmund freud. Cambridge University Press. 9

(http://dict.die.net/vocabulary) (http://www. Tesolgreece.com/yl.html)

10