saMskRt baalapuYpma\ 2

paz: 11 kma-karkma\ iWtIyaa

ivaBai>:
Lesson 11 Objective Case.

Introduction
Dear friends and students,
You will find lots of surprise after learning Karakas. You can get the
meaning of Slokas after this section. You may be able to understand the books like
Ramayana, Mahabharatha, Gita etc. Sure you can understand 40 to 50% meaning
of Sanskrit words that are used in prayers etc. Continuous learning will make you
perfect.
Few days before I went to my friend’s house and he introduced me to his
Russian friend. She spoke to me for a while and told Sanskrit is a difficult
language to learn. But there are some techniques to learn this beautiful language
she added. Yes, it is true. A student who he understands the prepositions i.e.
Karaka @ Vibhaktis, do well in Sanskrit. Let us go to the lesson……….

Important note: This is very important portion to understand the language

completely. In this you are going to learn mainly the prepositions. This section is
totally different from other languages. Here learners feel this language is difficult.
If you understand this properly you are able to understand the meaning of slokas
and conversation. The prepositions are used separately either before or after the
noun in many of the languages (!!!) including Hindi. But in Sanskrit it is used with
the noun itself like Tamil, Malayalam and other Indian languages. Now we will
see the names of cases. We are going to have two parts (postings) in every case.

1.Nominative case kt-

Rkarkma\
2.Accusative case object, to (go), towards and about kma-
karkma\
3.Instrumental case by, with and through
krNakarkma\
4.Dative case for, to (give)
saMp`danakarkma\
 5.Ablative case from, than
Apadanakarkma\
6.Possessive case of, ‘s, s’ and among
sambanQakarkma\
7.Locative case. in, on, at and among
AiQakrNakarkma\
Here in Sanskrit too we have all these case without any change. Let us see all
these cases one by one in the next lessons.

kma-karkma\ iWtIyaa ivaBai>:

I) Write the following words in II case.
First let us identify the ending of the every noun. For example:

Words Ending
dova baala Akar Ant: means ending with A
lata maalaa Aakar Ant: means ending with
Aa
kiva mauina [kar Ant: means ending with
[
nadI gaaOrI [-kar Ant: means ending
with [-
Baanau saUnau ]kar Ant: means
ending with ]
iptR maatR ?kar Ant: means ending
with }
Bavat\ gacCt\ tkar Ant: means ending with t
 1. All these words ending in a same letter are a separate group.
2. Each group ends in a separate format.
3. The prepositions of all the words (ending in different letters also) are
same.
4. It is must to learn the table called Sabdarup. (It will be given in the forth
coming supplementary). Because the practice of every case may take
more time.

Read the table below. Note the changes of the ending in kma-karkma\
The second case is used as object. For example:
The hunter kills the deer.
Here the hunter is the subject and the deer is the object.
We use this case for the following prepositions.
“to (go), towards, about, without”

Xabd ekvacan iWvacan bahuvac

a: ama\ ama\ anama\
baala baalama baalaaO baalaa:
\
nar narma\ naraO narana\
pu$Ya pu$Yama\ pu$YaaO pu$Yaana
\
pa~m pa~o pa~o pa~aiNa
a\
flama\ flama\ flao flaaina
lata latama\ lato lata:
maala maalaam maalao maalaa:
a a\
roKa roKa roKo roKa:
Practice the words ending with A and Aa thoroughly and you can able to
do others with little effort.
Understand
baalaM (Singular) means a boy is object, to a boy, towards a boy and
about a boy.
baalaaO (Dual) means two boys are object, to two boys, towards
two boys and about two boys.
baalaana\ (Plural) means many boys are object, to (many) boys,
towards (many) boys and about (many) boys. Note the last letter
indicates the preposition.
Write the menaing of the following:
latama\ ( ) ___________________________________________
lato ( ) ___________________________________________
lata: ( ) ___________________________________________
baalakM ( ) ___________________________________________
baalakaO ( ) ___________________________________________
baalakana\ ( )
___________________________________________
maalaama\ ( )
___________________________________________
maalao ( ) ___________________________________________
maalaa: ( ) ___________________________________________

Read the following sentences and write the meaning of the next
sentenses.
1 Ba>: dovaM namait . 1. A devotee salutes God.
2 Ca~a: pazXaalaaM gacCint . 2. Students go to
School.
3 %vaM pazM pzisa . 3. You read the lesson.
4 yaUyaM payasaM ipbaqa . 4. You all drink
Payasam (a sweet made with milk).
5 AhM lataM pXyaaima . 5. I look at a creeper.
6 vayaM kivataM ilaKama: . 6. We all write a poem.
7 vaanara: flaaina Kadint . 7.
_______________________________________
8 AXvaa: GaasaM Kadint . 8.
_______________________________________
9 rama: EaIkRYNaM pXyait . 9.
_______________________________________
10 yauvaaM payasaM ipbaqa: . 10.
_______________________________________
11 Ca~a: pustkalayaM gacCint . 11.
_______________________________________
12 dova: Ba>ana\ rxait . 12.
_______________________________________
13 isaMh: maRgaM maaryait . 13.
_______________________________________
14 gau$: ]pdoXaM kraoit . 14.
_______________________________________
15 maata AnnaM pcait . 15.
_______________________________________

II) Fill in the blanks with Second case.

1 baalak: pzit . pustk
2 gaja: Kadit . Gaasa
3 AhM Kadaima . Baaojana
4 %vaM Kadisa . XaaKa
5 ]Bayat: vaRxaa: saint .
ivaValaya
III Frame sentences with the words given in the box.

vaya pi~kam Pazit

ma\ a\ ilaKis
taO kivata a
sa: ma\ ilaKt:
% laoKM ilaKa
vama inaban ma:
\ Qama\

1 vayama\ pi~kaM ilaKama: .

2 _______________________________________
3 _______________________________________
4 _______________________________________
5 _______________________________________
6 _______________________________________
7 _______________________________________
8 _______________________________________
 9 _______________________________________
10_______________________________________
11_______________________________________
12_______________________________________

Sloka teaches Case 2:

maixaka: va`Nama\ [cCint Qanama\
[cCint paiqa-vaa: .
maUZa: klahma\ [cCint Xaaintma\ [cCint
saaQava: ..
Meaning: Flies like wounds/hurts. Kings like money. Fools like quarrel and
good people like peace.

ga=\gaa papM XaXaI tapM dOnyaM klpt$:

tqaa .
papM tapM ca dOnyaM ca hrit EaIhro: kRpa
..
Meaning: The ganges destroys the sin, the moon feelings and the Kalpaka
Tree poverty. But the blessings of God destroys all these three.

vasaudovasautM dovaM
kMsacaaNaUrmad-nama\ .
dovakIprmaanandma\ kRYNaM vando
jagad\gau$ma\ ..
Meaning: I salute Lord Krishna, who is the Lord of the universe, son of
Vasudeva, destroyer of Kamsa and Chanura and giving great happiness to
Devaki.

maUkM kraoit vaacaalaM p=\gauM

la=\Gayato igairma\ .
ya%kRpa tma\ Ahma\ vando
prmaanandmaaQavama\ ..
Meaning: I salute the mercy of Madhava who gives pleasure to others,
makes a dumb talkative and makes a lame to cross the mountain.
 Lessons are prepared and published on behalf of Kalidasa-Samskrita-
Kendram Trust, Madurantakam by V.C. Govindarajan. Your feedback to
vcgrajan@yahoo.com or vcgrajan@hotmail.com
by kalidasa-samskrita-kendram, Madurantakam

Previous lessons are available in the following links.

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/kalidasa/files/
and
http://www/geocities.com/vcgrajan/kendram.html

Next: Second part of this lesson.