CONTENTS

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 INTRODUCTION WHAT IS ENTANGLEMENT EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS TELEPORTATION OF PHOTONS WITHOUT DISTRUCTION HOW CAN MESSAGE BE TELEPORTED CAN THE ATOMS BE TELEPORTED TOO HUMAN TELEPORTATION WHY NOT OBJECTS PHYSICAL TELEPORTATION (A) EXTENSIVE TELEPORTATION (B) PROJECTIVE TELEPORTATION 10 QUANTAM COMPUTATAION 11 BIBIOGRAPHY

INTRODUCTION
Can we disappear from the earth and instantaneously recreate on a planet several light years apart-like captain kirk did in celluloid fiction star trek. If yes. How do the scientists plan to achieve the remarkable feat? Lets find out Quantum teleportation is an exciting new area of physics that deals with teleportation of subatomic particles and photons. On hearing the word teleportation, the first thing that comes to our mind is the star track movie, in which machine took captain kirk from one place to another instantaneously without having to physically to travel the distance. Basically quantum teleportation is a bizarre shifting of physical characteristics between the natures tiniest particles, no matter how far apart they are. What actually happens is what Einsteins called spooky action at a distance. This is made possible by entangling quantum particles. So, no matter how far apart the particles are, if you do something to one entangled particle, it will have the same effect on other, the spookiness is that the particle carries information about the interaction, despite the distance between them. Quantum entanglement neither require the entangle particle to come from a common source nor to have interacted in the past.

WHAT IS ENTANGLEMENT
Entanglement is a property of atomic particles in which two particles at a great distance are in somewhere intertwined. I.e. any effect on one particle is simultaneously felt in the other particle as well. Entangling involves a relationship (a superposition or states) between the possible quantum states of two entities such that when the possible states of one entity collapse to a single state as a result of suddenly imposed boundary condition a similar collapse occur in the possible state of entangled entity, no matter where or how far away the entangled entity is located. This can be expressed in a simpler way with respect to photon. When two photon are entangled, they have opposite. Whatever happens to one photon is opposite to what happen to other. In particular their polarization is opposite of each other. If two quantum particle are entangled a measurement or one particle automatically determine state of the second-even if the particles are widely separated individually, an entangled particle has properties (such as momentum) that are undetermined and undefined until the particle is measured or disturbed. Dr. Serge Haroche Ecole Normale Superieure, Paris reviews quantum mechanical entanglement, decoherence and the question of the boundary between the physics of quantum phenomenon and the physics of classical phenomenon. He makes the following points: 1- In quantum mechanics a particle can be demoralized (simultaneously occupy various probable position in space) simulates in several energy states, and even have several different identities at once. This apparent weird behavior is encoded in the wave function of a particle.

2- Recent decades have witnessed a rash of experiments to test whether nature exhibits implausible non-locality. In such experiments, wave function of a pair of particle flying apart from each other in entangled into a non-separable superposition of states. The quantum formalism asserts that detecting that one of the particle has an immediate effect on the other, even if they apart enough to be out if interaction range. The experiments clearly demonstrate that the state of one particle is always correlated to the result of measurement performed on the other particle, and in the just the strange way predicted by quantum mechanics.

EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS
Charles Bennett of IBM and his college first proposed quantum teleportation in 1993. in the quantum process carried out in the university of Innsbruck. Physicists take a photon transfer its property (such as its polarization, the direction in which it is electric field vibrate) to another photon at remote location. This scheme doesnt allow physicists to teleport the photon itself but only its property to another photon. Let x and y be two persons in the sending and receiving stations respectively. At the sending station of quantum teleported, x imports photon M with a specific state. Say 45-degree polarization. Photon M with 45-degree polarization travels towards a beam splitter. Meanwhile two additional entangled photons (A&B) are created. The polarization of each photon is in a fuzzy. Undetermined state, that two photon have a precise defined interrelationship. Specifically, they must have complementary polarization; the other photon must collapse into the complementary state of vertical (90 degree) polarization. Entangled photon A arrives at the beam splitter at the same time as the message photon M. the beam splitter passes each photon to either continue towards detector1 or change course and travel to detector2. In the 25% of all cases, the two photons go off into different detectors and X doesnt know which photon went to which detector. This inability to X to distinguish between two photons causes two quantum weirdness to kick in. just by the very fact that the two photons are now distinguishable, the message photons M loses its original identity & becomes entangled with A. the polarization value for a\each photon is now

intermediate. But since they travel; towards different detectors. X knows that the two photons must have complimentary polarizations. Since message particle M must have complementary polarization to particle A. the other entangled particle B must now attain the same polarization value, as M. therefore polarization is successful. Indeed, Y sees that polarization value of particle B is 45 degree, the initial value of the message photon. In the experiment executed at the university of Innsbruck, the 45deg.. Polarization detector would always fire when detectors 1 & 2 fired. Except in rare instances attributable to background noise, the 135deg. Polarization detector never fired in coincidence with detectors 1 & 2.

TELEPORTATION OF PHOTONS WITHOUT DESTRUCTION

In June 1999 the act of measuring a photon repeatedly without destroying it was achieved foe the first time, enabling researchers to study an individual quantum object with a new level of non-invasiveness. Physicists have long realized that it is possible to perform non-destructive observation of a photon with a difficult-to-executive technique known as a quantum demolition (QND) measurement. After many years of experimental effort, researchers in France (Dr. Haroche etal) demonstrated the first QND measurement of a single quantum object, namely, a photon bouncing back and forth. Eating up or absorbing photons to study them is not required by fundamental quantum mechanic; laws and can be avoided with the QND technique demonstrated by French researchers.

HOW THE MESSAGE CAN BE TELEPORTED

Consider that the sending end and the receiver end is several light years apart. A light beam is to carry the encrypted information that has to be sent to a very distant place. This light beam is analyzed and the properties of the photons are teleported to a quantumly entangled photon at the receiver end.