What is sustainable development?

O Sustainable development is development that meets the needs oI the present without
compromising (reducing) the ability oI Iuture generations to meet their own needs.
O A pattern oI resource use that aims to meet human needs while preserving the environment so that
these needs can be met not only in the present, but also Ior Iuture generations.
What is sustainable tourism?
O meets the needs oI present tourists and host regions while protecting and enhancing opportunity
Ior the Iuture

$ustainable Tourism Management is.
O Ecologically sustainable-relations and interactions between organisms and their environment,
including other organisms.
O economically viable-eIIicient use oI income and wealth having the ability to grow, expand,
develop,
O ethically and socially equitable-accordance with the rules or standards Ior right conduct or
practice; pertaining to the liIe, welIare, and relations oI human beings in a community
characterized by equity or Iairness; just and right; Iair; reasonable

mportance of sustainable tourism.

1. Worlds largest industry
O Increase in people travelling
O High consumption oI resources.
O Impacts on liIe worldwide
2. Advantages vs. disadvantages
Advantage (depending upon implementation some oI these can turn into disadvantages)
O employment (1 emp/1000 tourist) (labor intensive, Iew administrative positions, little upward
mobility.)
O inIrastructure development (roads, water, electricity, telecom and cybercom, but not necessarily
local priorities.)
O cultural preservation (economic incentives to preserve Iood, Iashion, Iestivals and physical
history, but these tend to be superIicial elements oI a culture.)
O environmental protection (econ incentives to preserve nature, wildliIe and urban cleanliness)
O Ioreign exchange (generates resources to import Iood, pharmaceuticals, technology, consumer
goods.)
O development oI health care services (those these aren't always available to local people.)
isadvantages (depending upon implementation some oI these can turn into advantages)
O cultural destruction, (modernization (world mono-culture), Ireezes culture as perIormers, loss:
language, religion, rituals, material culture.)
O primary products (sun, sand, surI, saIari, suds, ski, sex) (little value added, neo-colonialism)
O environmental destruction (game drives, resorts: golI, ski, beach, desert, world as play ground,
SUV.)
O marginal employment (low skill, low wage, menial services, prostitution, drug trade, gambling,
hustlers.)
O low beneIits (no job security, no health care, no organizing, no work saIety rules or enviro
standards.)
O development oI illegal and/or destructive economic activities (markets Ior drugs, endangered
species, etc.)
O outside hiring (skilled middle and senior management recruited out oI the area and transIerred in.)
O concentration employment (walled resort enclaves.)
O seasonal employment
O outside decision making (decisions made outside oI the area, corporate dollars corrupt
government.)
O unrealistic expectations (divert young people Irom school and brighter Iutures.)
O anti-democratic collusion (industry support oI repressive governments)
O land controlled by the elite (people relocated, agriculture eliminated, prohibited Irom N.P.)
O negative liIestyle's (STD's, substance abuse, begging, hustling)
O diverted and concentrated development (airport, roads, water, electricity to tourist destinations,
development not accessible to locals),
O little Iorex stays in country (airplanes, vehicles, booze, hot air balloons, generally have Ioreign
owners),
O package programs
O cruises (eat and sleep on board so the economic beneIits to the ports-oI-call is very thin and
limited.)
O unstable market (Iickle, aIIected by local and world events, generally highly elastic)
O health tourism (traveling to get medical procedure at lower cost) has it own set oI unique
challenges, which include: Determining the credential, skills and quality oI the Iacility and
personnel. Language communication challenges on topics requiring a lot oI details, sometimes
even when both parties seemingly speak the same language. DiIIerent cultural issues and
expectations around health care and the body. Post-treatment complications, aIter the "tourist"
has leIt the Iacility.
$olutions (for visitor)
O act to support cultural diversity
O engage in activities that add value to the community
O don`t do activities that deteriorate the environment
O don`t engage in illegal activities
O act to disperse the beneIits
O patronize locally (community) owned enterprises.

$olutions (for the host)
O support the traditional cultural legacy
O training and education in local culture, history, natural science, etc.
O select development and activities that draw Irom local traditions and add value to the community
O don`t promote activities that deteriorate the environment
O don`t engage in illegal activities
O adopt a program to disperse the beneIits
O patronize locally produced products and locally (community) owned enterprises.
O make business and Ioreign exchange transactions transparent and eIIicient
PRPLE$ OF $&$TAABLE TO&R$M
Ecological:
O Minimization oI negative tourism impacts
O Natural and cultural preservation and conservation
O Promotion oI visitor observation and comprehension the environment
O EIIicient use oI resources in tourism

$ocial:
O Participation and inIormation.
O More meaningIul tourism experiences.
O Promotion oI visitor observation and comprehension - culture
O Sensitivity towards local people & other stakeholders
Economical:
O Importance oI policy, planning and management.
O Emphasizes oI limits to tourism development.
O Generation oI economic proIit Ior local people.
O Economic independence oI local people

Types of sustainable tourism

1. Ecotourism
O Responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well-being oI
local people.
O Ecotourism (also known as ecological tourism) is responsible travel to Iragile, pristine, and
usually protected areas that strives to be low impact and (oIten) small scale. It purports to educate
the traveler; provide Iunds Ior ecological conservation; directly beneIit the economic
development and political empowerment oI local communities; and Ioster respect Ior diIIerent
cultures and Ior human rights.
O Ecotourism typically involves travel to destinations where Ilora(, Iauna, and cultural heritage are
the primary attractions. One oI the goals oI ecotourism is to oIIer tourists insight into the impact
oI human beings on the environment, and to Ioster a greater appreciation oI our natural
habitats.
O Ecotourism initiatives may provide beneIits to people, but they are mainly concerned with the
environment
147, (plural: Iloras or Ilorae) has two meanings: a flora (with a lower case 'I') reIers to the
plant liIe occurring in a particular region, generally the naturally occurring or indigenous
plant liIe, while a Flora (with a capital 'F') reIers to a book or other work describing a Ilora
and including aids Ior the identiIication oI the plants it contains such as botanical keys and
line drawings that illustrate the characters that distinguish the diIIerent plants

Fauna or faun is all oI the animal liIe oI any particular region or time
ultural heritage ("national heritage" or just "heritage") is the legacy oI physical artiIacts
and intangible attributes oI a group or society that are inherited Irom past generations,

2. Pro-poor tourism
O Pro-Poor Tourism (PPT) is tourism that results in increased net benefits for
poor people. PPT is not a speciIic product sector but an approach to tourism
development and management.
O It enhances the linkages between tourism businesses and poor people, so that
tourism's contribution to poverty reduction is increased and poor people are able to
participate more eIIectively in product development
. ommunity-based tourism
O Community-based tourism initiatives aim to increase local people's involvement
in tourism
O Community based tourism enables the tourist to discover local habitats and
wildliIe, and celebrates and respects traditional cultures, rituals and wisdom
O It is tourism that is based in the community territory, and where the communities
as a whole or its members have substantial control and involvement oI the
tourism project.
4. Rural tourism
O Rural tourism allows the creation oI an alternative source oI income in the non-
agricultural sector Ior rural dwellers
O It is an ideal and natural method oI rural and urban economic exchange.
5. Responsible Tourism
O Responsible Tourism can be regarded as a behaviour. It is more than a Iorm oI
tourism as it represents an approach to engaging with tourism, be that as a tourist,
a business, locals at a destination or any other tourism stakeholder. It emphasises
that all stakeholders are responsible Ior the kind oI tourism they develop or
engage in.
Focusing in particular on businesses, according to the Cape Town Declaration on Responsible Tourism, it
will have the Iollowing characteristics:
O minimises negative economic, environmental, and social impacts
O generates greater economic beneIits Ior local people and enhances the well-being
oI host communities, improves working conditions and access to the industry
O involves local people in decisions that aIIect their lives and liIe chances
O makes positive contributions to the conservation oI natural and cultural heritage,
to the maintenance oI the world`s diversity
O provides more enjoyable experiences Ior tourists through more meaningIul
connections with local people, and a greater understanding oI local cultural,
social and environmental issues
O provides access Ior physically challenged people and
O is culturally sensitive, engenders respect between tourists and hosts, and builds
local pride and conIidence.