INTRODUCTION

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DOORDARSHAN
Doordarshan (Hindi: ; literally Far Vision) is the public television broadcaster of India and a division of Prasar Bharti, a public service broadcaster nominated by the Government of India. It is one of the largest broadcasting organizations in the world in terms of the infrastructure of studios and transmitters. Recently, it has also started Digital Terrestrial Transmitters. On September 15, 2009, Doordarshan celebrated its 50th anniversary.

Beginning
Doordarshan had a modest beginning with the experimental telecast starting in Delhi on 15 September 1959 with a small transmitter and a makeshift studio. The regular daily transmission started in 1965 as a part of All India Radio. The television service was extended to Bombay (now Mumbai) and Amritsar in 1972. Up until 1975, only seven Indian cities had a television service and Doordarshan remained the sole provider of television in India. Television services were separated from radio in 1976. Each office of All India Radio and Doordarshan were placed under the management of two separate Director Generals in New Delhi. Finally, in 1982, Doordarshan as a National Broadcaster came into existence.

Nationwide transmission
National telecasts were introduced in 1982. In the same year, colour TV was introduced in the Indian market with the live telecast of the Independence Day speech by then prime minister Indira Gandhi on 15 August 1982, followed by the 1982 Asian Games which were held in Delhi. Now more than 90 percent of the Indian population can receive Doordarshan (DD National) programmed through a network of nearly 1,400 terrestrial transmitters. There are about 46 Doordarshan studios producing TV programs today.

Channels
Presently, Doordarshan operates 21 channels two All India channels-DD National and DD News, 11 Regional languages Satellite Channels (RLSC), four State Networks (SN), an International channel, a Sports Channel DD Sports and two channels Rajya Sabha TV & DD-Lok Sabha for live broadcast of parliamentary proceedings. On DD National(DD-1), Regional programmed and Local Programmes are carried on time-sharing basis. DD News channel, launched on 3 November 2003, which replaced the DD Metro(DD-2)

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Entertainment channel, provides 24-Hour news service. The Regional Languages Satellite channels have two components The Regional service for the particular state relayed by all terrestrial transmitters in the state and additional programs in the Regional Language in prime time and nonprime time available only through cable operators. DD-Sports Channel is exclusively devoted to the broadcasting of sporting events of national and international importance. This is the only Sports Channels which telecasts rural sports like Kho-Kho, Kabbadi etc. something which private broadcasters will not attempt to telecast as it will not attract any revenues. List of Channels National 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. DD National DD News DD-Rajya Sabha DD-Lok Sabha DD Sports DD Bharti

Regional 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. DD Bangla DD Kashmir DD Urdu DD Punjabi DD NorthEast DD Sahyadri DD Gujarati DD Malayalam DD Podhigai DD Saptagiri DD Odia

DOORDARSHAN KENDRA: BHOPAL

(A brief history)

The studio of Doordarshan Kendra Bhopal was commissioned on 20th October 1992. It started as a Regional Kendra and has ever since played a major role as a Public Service Broadcaster for viewers of the state. It has enormously enriched the ethos of this land while projecting and promoting the cultural heritage of the State. With the passage of time, program activities of the Kendra have witnessed manifold changes through which basic objectives of Doordarshan viz. INFORMATION, EDUCATION, AND ENTERTAINMENT have been provided to the masses. Various program formats like live phone in program, serials, telefilms, variety show, concerts poetic symposiums,

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quiz features, multi segmented magazine programs and programs for specific target audience like children, youth, women and physically challenged people have been adopted.

The Kendra has produced special program on specific themes like socio cultural heritage, environmental awareness, family welfare, health care, population control, legal awareness, promotion of tourism, promotion of sports, public grievances and promotion of national integration and communal harmony.

In order to come up to the ever increasing expectations of the public, many reforms have been adopted in the overall program pattern through which aspirations of different sections of the society have been taken care of. The quantum of in-house production has been increased which has raised opportunities for different scholars, artists and other talented persons to get associated with programs of their choice through which their talent is ventilated. Introduction of interactive formats with suitable treatment has added color to our transmission. Quick response and spontaneous feedback from the public through live phone in programs has enhanced access of the viewers which has gone a long way in establishing credibility of the Kendra. Efforts are continuously made to cast our net as far and wide as possible within the constraints to net in fresh talent. Instead of restricting our program activity to the four walls of studio, the Kendra has tried to take the TV closer to the door steps of viewers. Various ENG and OB teams have recorded programs on natural locations in different formats. Although the main language of transmission is Hindi, yet programs in other dialects which are spoken in the different parts of MP viz. Bagheli, Bundeli, Nimari & Malvi are also included in our telecasts.

Optimum utilization of manpower, equipment and other infrastructural facilities has changed the complete working of the Kendra. On an average 3 to 5 programs are generated inside the studios and about 6 to 8 programs or News coverage on outdoor locations with ENG facilities per day. Transmission Timings Regional Service Monday to Saturday Sunday 16.00 hrs. to 2000 hrs. 18.30 hrs. to 2000hrs

DOORDARSHAN KENDRA, BHOPAL (TECHNICAL FACILITY) TECHNICAL FACILITY Doordarshan Bhopal was commissioned on 20th October 1992. There are two Studios A of an area of 374 Sq.m. and Continuity Booth (Studio-B) of an area of 50 Sq.m. two Transmitters (DD-I & DD-News) of 10 KW each, one Earth Station Unlinking the Regional Service of M.P., one OB

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Van for outdoor live coverages and one DSNG Van for Mobile unlinking.

STUDIO-A Studio-A having an area of 374 initially equipped with 4 nos. of A Philips Digital LDK 20 and LDK 100 (two each) CCD cameras and modern lighting equipments with dimmer controls. There are 14 nos. of motorized buttons with provision for 8 light fittings in each button and 36 nos. of motorized buttons with provision for 4 light fittings in each buttons. There are also 18 nos. of telescopic light fitting arrangements in the Studio floor. This studio is mainly used for program recordings. Presently 31 nos. of cool lights are in use.

PRODUCTION CONTROL ROOM (PCR-A) PCR is equipped with 16 input versatile vision mixer of PDS 9000 Digital Switcher with various special effects and 16 channel sound craft audio mixer with the facility of individual channel equalization, limiting and Phone-in console. One reverberation unit & one Advance Feedback Suppressor (dBX) for producing special audio effect is available in PCR. In addition to the above, one Computerized MOVE-CG for titles and other special effects is also installed in PCR . The PCR-A is also equipped with Dimmer Control panel for Studio-A.

CAMERA CONTROL UNIT (CCU) In this section, the studio levels are adjusted and controlled for proper matching in order to achieve excellent quality recording, now integrated in PCR console itself.

VIDEO TAPE RECORDER (VTR) VTR is equipped with 4 nos. of BETA format and one no. of DVC Pro AJD VCRs of broadcast quality (PVW 2800-4 nos.). These are used for studio recordings and transmissions. It is also equipped with Video Server make Letch VR445 consisting of two independent recorders and players based on hard disc recording system.

MASTER SWITCHING ROOM (MSR) This section is equipped with a 16X16 Digital Routing Switcher where all the signals from StudioA, Studio-B, Transmitter, Earth Station, OB Van signal, DSNG etc are routed to various areas as per requirements for recording/transmission. One OFC link between MSR and Earth Station has also been installed.

POST PRODUCTION FACILITY There is a separate post production section having 3 nos. of edit suites with voice over facility, each edit suite having following component of the equipment.

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Edit Suit-1[A/B Roll edit suit with DVE cum Video switcher] VM (Snell & Wilcox), Edit Controller AJ 850, Audio mixer (12 Channel), CD Player, Phone in console, move CG 2001, DVC pro AJ-D455E, PVW-2800P, PVW-2800P Edit Suit-2 [Beta Edit Suit with FXE-120P] FXE-120P, PVW-2800P, DVC Pro AJ-D455E, BVW-70P Edit Suit-3 [A/B Roll edit suit with DVE cum Video switcher & DVCPRO50 digital VCRs.Beta] VM (Snell & Wilcox), Edit Controller AJ 850, Audio mixer (12 Channel), DVCPro 50 AJSD 965E (Player-I),PVW-2800P,(Player-2),DVCPRO50 AJ-SD965(recorder). Computerized editing system is also available at this Centre having the latest state of the art technology used for editing/post production for better presentation of the programs namely, NLE, Media 100,DPS Velocity, QUATTRUS NLE, 3D Graphics & ISLEWIZ Computer graphics. STUDIO-B Studio-B (Continuity booth) having an area of 50 sq.m was initially equipped with three KCA-110 tube cameras and now replaced with two CCD cameras (SONY DXC-50-1 No. KYD-29JVC-1 no) & modern lighting equipments with 7 nos. of cool lights mounted on fixed grid . One auto BDL system has been integrated with SONY DXC-50 Camera and another unit has been networked with News Room for semi automation of News system. This Studio is used for transmission of Regional Service including Regional News. PCR-B PCR-B is equipped with 16 input versatile vision mixer of PDS 9000 Pinnacle make with various special effects. 16 channel Sound Craft make audio mixer with facility of individual channel equalization and limiting. In addition to the above, one computerized MOVE CG for supering titles, Phone-in-Console, Advance feedback Suppressor and other high quality bi-lingual Collage make CG is also installed in PCR-B. ENG This section is equipped with 6 nos. of Beta camcorder unit, 6 nos. of DVC Pro camcorder and 3 no of Mini DV Camcorders for field coverage. These units are deployed throughout M.P. for recording all important and special events which are later edited and including in the news/programs. Four No of DVCPRO50 Camcorders are being included. A/C PLANT The Studio is air-conditioned with 4X60 tones centrally air-conditioned plant with 5 nos. of air handling unit of M/s Utility make. In addition to that, there are 4 nos. of package units of Blue Star make for other sections. POWER SUPPLY Two 33 KVA Feeder are terminated at DDK complex from which power supply is extended to studio complex, transmitter and Earth Station. In addition to above, captive power supply is available for meeting the emergency requirement of Studio, Transmitter and Earth Station. Diesel Generator having capacity of 62.5 KVA each is used at Studio, DD-I, DD News Transmitter, Earth

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Station and 35 KVA D.G is used for OB Van set up. There is a 40 KVA online UPS system with back up period of 30 minutes for all Studio equipments and 20 KVA UPS for OB Van in order to maintain uninterrupted transmission.

CLIPMAIL SYSTEM Doordarshan Kendra, Bhopal has installed a Clip mail Receive system through which video clips from different of Doordarshan i.e. Indore, Gwalior, Jabalpur, Rewa and Sagar can be received. The Transmit unit has been installed at the above Kendras. EARTH STATION Earth Station Bhopal was commissioned on 19/11/93 and DDK, Bhopal is up linking M.P. Regional Service. Earth Station is equipped with two number of 3 KW High Power Amplifier of MCL make upgraded with 2+1 Digital Simulcast facility, Recently two amplifiers of 400W have included. There is a 7 meter solid motorized PDA having linearly polarized feed with auto tracking facility. TRANSMITTER-DD-I Bhopal was brought on map of Doordarshan with the commissioning of a Low Power Transmitter for relay of National Programmes on 19th November, 1982. This was upgraded to a 10 KW High Power Transmitter operating in Channel-5 radiating DD-I programs. It is a BEL Mark-II Transmitter working since 24th October, 1984. This transmitter has further been replaced by NEC Transmitter on dated 28/12/2003. TRANSMITTER-DD-II (NEWS) Metro channel transmission was started on 30th July 1994 with commissioning of Low Power Transmitter. This has been upgraded to a 10 KW High Power Transmitter operating in CH #7 radiating DD-II Metro programs. It is a Thom cast Transmitter commissioned on 3/8/2000 and dedicated on 12/5/2001. It is a solid state transmitter with the latest state of the art technology. Both DD-I and DD-II Transmitter outputs are combined and signal radiated with a signal Wide Band Antenna system of Jampro, USA make, which has been installed on 11/7/2001. OB VAN OB Van is equipped with 8 nos of Thomson TTV 1657 Digital CCD cameras, 16 input versatile vision mixer ROSS Synergy with various special effects. 16 channel Sound Craft make audio mixer with facility of individual channel equalization and limited. In addition to the above, one computerized MOVE CG for supering titles. Two nos. of broadcast quality VCR having slow motion (TTV3575p), two nos. of Recording VCRs and one EVS make Live slow motion hard disc recording system is also installed. One Long haul microwave link is also available with OB Van.

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DSNG VAN The mobile DSNG Van is equipped with 400 W TWT of Xycom and Tandberg E5500 encoder in 1+1 mode along with upconvertors / downconvertors of ADVENT and base band equipments. The DSNG van can be operated in both C or Ku band and it has the unique dual band waveguide in it. The system is operational since November 2002 The 2 meter antenna system is of advent make having the auto tracking facility controlled through laptop computer and can track any satellite in very short period automatically. It has a GPS system with flux gate compass etc used for auto tracking of satellites. The vehicle mounted DSNG Van supplied through BECIL is used in live coverages for up linking.

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