NANOCOMPOSITES

Presented by, Dr. S. T. Mhaske

WHY POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES? WHY NANO?

Increased strength and stiffness of polymers while maintaining elongation Permeation resistance for packaging (nano barriers for different molecules) Nano addition maintain transparency (desired for packaging) Recyclability: nanofillers are not affected or degraded during processing, recycling does not affect physical properties

Flame resistance (Nano fire extinguisher)

POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES (PNC)

Applications
Heat-resistant materials Light weight and high strength structural materials Electrical package, conductive polymers. Barrier Properties Corrosion resistant, coating or structure Electro-magnetic field shielding Selective photo sensitivity, coatings, etc

It is estimated that widespread use of PNCs by car manufacturers could save over 1.5 billion liters of gasoline annually and reduce CO2 emissions by nearly 10 billion pounds!

POLYMER NANOCOMPOSIES POPULAR NANO-REINFORCEMENTS

Carbon Nanotube, Bukcyball

Clay

POSS

Graphite

Building Blocks of the Nano Age

Cellulose Other Synthetic Materials

MICROCOMPOSITES VS NANOCOMPOSITES

Fig 2: Principles applied to the fabrication of micro- and nano-composites

NANOCOMPOSITES VS. TRADITIONAL MATERIALS IN AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS

Reinforcing fillers such as talc, mica, and calcium carbonate Glass-fiber reinforcement

higher stiffness, increasing weight and melt viscosity, decreasing toughness, optical clarity, and surface quality

high stiffness with a corresponding increased difficulty of fabrication and cost

Nanofillers such as exfoliated clays Effective at a loading under 5% by weight, introducing only a minor increase in materials cost Significant improvement in modulus, thermal stability, fire retardency, dimensional stability, surface hardness, heatdistortion temperature, mar resistance, and barrier properties

Nanocomposites: Low-Cost, High-Strength Materials for Automotive Parts

Schematic for nanoparticles-reinforced polymeric material Nanocomposites, a new class of materials under study internationally, consist of traditional polymers reinforced by nanometer-scale particles dispersed throughout. Corrosion resistance, noise dampening, parts consolidation, and recyclability all would be improved. An economical solution for increased fuel economy in motor vehicles

POLYMER NANOCOMPOSIES SURFACE MODIFICATION, DISPERSION

Ion exchange for clays

Addition reaction on CNTs (fullerenes)

Acidification, fluorination, etc. in order to attach different functional groups onto nano reinforcement surface to improve dispersion as well as reactivity with the matrix structure morphology change & tailoring of interface

POLYMER NANOCOMPOSIES NETWORK FORMATION

States of dispersion of organoclays in polymers with WAXS and TEM results.

Nanocomposites formation

In situ intercalative polymerization

ExfoliationAdsorption

Melt Intercalation

 In situ intercalative polymerization

Nylon-6 nanocomposite formed through in situ polymerization with ADAMMT

 Exfoliation-Adsorption

Schematic of formation of nanocomposites of polystyrene-nano graphite process.

Melt Intercalation

Enhanced Modulus and Dimensional Stability

Toughness and Rheological Properties

Key Nanocomposite Properties For Automotive Applications

Higher HeatDistortion Temperature

Improved Scratch Resistance

NANOMATERIALS - UV PROTECTION
Small = Transparent

Advanced Powder Technology Pty Ltd

25 nm

Zinc Oxide
90 nm

Zinclear in Wet Dreams sunscreen

250 nm

NANOCOMPOSITE MATERIALS

Engineering Applications: Nanocomposite materials have been used in aerospace, automobile, and marine applications (see Figs. 1-3). Recently, nanocomposite materials have been increasingly considered in civil engineering structures. The latter applications include seismic retrofit of bridge columns (Fig. 4), replacements of deteriorated bridge decks (Fig. 5), and new bridge structures (Fig. 6).

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

NANODEVICES - MAGNETIC STORAGE

The hard drive in your computer uses a nanotechnology innovation called giant Magneto resistance.
Giant magneto resistance is an effect where small magnetic fields can be detected as a change in resistance.
16.8 GB

NANO-PRODUCTS

Display Screens
Motorola (NTs)

Cars - Hummer

GM (Nanocomposites)

Nano SilverSeal Refrigerator

Samsung (nanoparticle-coated)

Tennis Rackets
Wilson (C fibers)

Nano-Products on the Market Now