CHAPTER 12: Review Questions 1. What problems did America face as it entered the War of 1812?

America had a weak military but more importantly she was a divided nation. 2. What were the reasons why the War of 1812 was one of the worst fought wars in American history? The main reason that the War of 1812 was such a poorly fought war was because Americas military was small and weak and that there was widespread disunity. 3. What was important about the Battle of New Orleans? It was a big blow to the British and winning the battle in a sense restored Americas honor. America once again defeated the big and powerful Great Britain. 4. What did the delegates at the Hartford Convention call for? The New England radicals called to talk about their grievances and they sought redress for their wrongs. 5. What was the result of the Hartford Convention? The Hartford Convention resulted in the death of the Federalist Party. 6. What were the results of the War of 1812? The War of 1812 showed that Americans would stand up for themselves and fight for their honor which brought a new found spirit of nationalism. Also other countries grew to respect the US fighting powers. 7. What was the Rush-Bagot Treaty? It was a treaty between Britain and the US that limited naval presence on the Great Lakes. 8. What were the ways the post War of 1812 nationalism manifested itself?

It was expressed through literature, the economy was better, and the desire for westward expansion grew. 9. What was important about the Tariff of 1816? It was the first tariff of the US and it was not even used for revenue. It was used to protect manufacturing. 10. What was Henry Clay's "American System?"

There were three main parts: the Tariff of 1816 plus other protective tariffs, a strong banking system, and infrastructure (a system of roads and canals to make trading easier). 11. What was the reaction of the different parts of the nation to Clay's proposal? People were excited that new roads and canals were to be built. Farmers did not approve of the system because it favored manufacturing and did not help them at all. 12. What was the "Era of Good Feelings?"

A short period of time where there were no arguing parties under Monroe and the country was united (it did not last long though). 13. What caused the Panic of 1819? Impact?

The Bank of the United States were involved in outdoor gambling which resulted in foreclosed farms and the closing of western banks. It eventually inspired the idea Jacksonian democracy. 14. What was the Missouri Compromise? Tallmadge Amendment? Missouri Compromise: Missouri entered the nation as a slave state and Maine came as a free state and Congress could forbid slavery in the remaining territories. Tallmadge Amendment: Stated that no more slaves should be brought into Missouri and also provided for the gradual emancipation fo children born to slave parents already there. 15. What constitutional interpretation did Marshall favor in his Supreme Court decisions?

John Marshall believed in a very loose interpretation of the constitution. 16. Explain the court cases: Gibbons v. Ogden, McCullough v. Maryland, Dartmouth v. Woodward, Cohens v. Virginia. Gibbons v. Ogden: New York legislature and the federal government gave both Gibbons and Ogden the same title of land for their steamboat companies. Gibbons thought the federal government overruled the state. Court sided with Gibbons. McCullough v. Maryland: Maryland tried to tax the Bank of the United States but McCullough did not pay the tax because he believed that Maryland did not have the power to tax the national bank. Court sided with McCullough. Dartmouth v. Woodward: New Hampshire wanted to make Dartmouth, a privately owned institute, a state university. Dartmouth argued that the state could not interfere with privately owned institutes. Court sided with Dartmouth. Cohens v. Virginia: Cohen Brothers were selling Congress issued lottery tickets in Virginia when they were just supposed to be sold in the District of Columbia which violated state law. The question was did the Supreme Court have the power to review any state court cases. It was determined that the Supreme Court did in fact have that power. 17. What was the Treaty of 1818?

It permitted Americans to share fisheries with Canada and set the Lousiana territory boundary to the forty-ninth parallel the Lake of the Woods and to the Rocky Mountains. 18. What was the Monroe Doctrine? Causes? Reaction?

The Monroe Doctrine stated that no European power was to mess with the entire western hemisphere (like no colonization) or they would have to deal with America. This caused a growing European hatred and frustration towards the US. The reaction was that Europe was very angry but could not do anything because of British Navy (Europe feared Britain more than America).