PHYSICS REVIEWER

I. Give the inventions or discoveries of the following scientists: 1. John Dalton - he proposed that matter was composed of tiny particles called atoms. 2. William Crook - he showed that cathode rays are deflected by a moving magnetic field and that a force acts on moving electric charges in a magnetic field at right angles both to the magnetic field and to the direction of motion of the charge. 3. Julius Plucker - a German physicist, made a special tube in which the anode was an aluminum Maltese cross.

4. Arthur Chaster - a professor of physics at Manchester University, sent a beam of cathode rays between two oppositely charged plates. The rays were repelled by the negative plate and attracted to the positive plate another indication that cathode rays Might be beams of small, negative charged particles. 5. JJ Thompson - From his measurement, and from the equations for deflection in electric and magnetic fields, Thomson was able to calculate the ratio of the mass (m) of one of the particles to its electric charger (e) he found that m/e was the same no matter what potential difference was used as a cathode. This indicated that the particles making up cathode rays were all alike 6. Jean Perrin - A physicist at University of Paris, designed a tube to test Crookes hypothesis. In his tube, the anode was hollow aluminum cylinder, open at both ends. Near the ends of the cylinder and insulated from it was a closed cylinder with a small opening at one end. Some cathode rays shot past the anode and into the closed cylinder. A charge quickly built up on the closed cylinder, indicated by divergence of the leaves of a metal-leaf electroscope connected to it. The charge on electroscope was checked in the usual way with a negative ebonite rod. This showed that cathode rays are negative charged. 7. Thomas Alba Edison - An American scientist and inventor, was experimenting with one of his incandescent electric filaments lamps. Into one bulb he inserted a small metal plate. He found that if this plate was positive in relation to the filament, a small current

flowed between it and the filament. If it were negative, no current flowed. This came to be called the Edison effect. 8. Wilhelm Roentgen working in Germany, made a remarkable discovery. He noticed that a fluorescent screen placed several meters from an operating cathode ray tube glowed in the dark, even when the tube was covered with black paper. He also noticed that some covered photographic plates left near the tube became fogged. He concluded that some mysterious, invisible radiation was being emitted from place in cathode ray tube and had been struck by cathode rays.

9. Isaac Newton - built the first practical reflecting telescope and developed a theory of colour based on the observation that a prism decomposes white light into the many colours that form the visible spectrum. He also formulated an empirical law of cooling and studied the speed of sound.

10. Albert Einstein - built the first practical reflecting telescope and developed a theory of colour based on the observation that a prism decomposes white light into the many colours that form the visible spectrum. He also formulated an empirical law of cooling and studied the speed of sound. Near the beginning of his career, Einstein thought that Newtonian mechanics was no longer enough to reconcile the laws of classical mechanics with the laws of the electromagnetic field. This led to the development of his special theory of relativity. He realized, however, that the principle of relativity could also be extended to gravitational fields, and with his subsequent theory of gravitation in 1916, he published a paper on the general theory of relativity. He continued to deal with problems of statistical mechanics and quantum theory, which led to his explanations of particle theory and the motion of molecules. He also investigated the thermal properties of light which laid the foundation of the photon theory of light. In 1917, Einstein applied the general theory of relativity to model the structure of the universe as a whole.

II. Give the definition of following terms: 1. RADAR - Radio Detection and Raging 2. LASER -

3. SCUBA 4. X-RAY 5. MISSILE III. Characteristic of Cathode rays

IV.Characteristics and properties of the ff.

Alpha rays - they are positive particles (actually, the nuclei of helium atom) - they are ejected at high speed, but have a range of only a few centimeters in the air. - they are stopped by an ordinary sheet of thin aluminum foil. Beta rays - they are streams of high energy electrons. - they are ejected at various speeds, sometimes approaching the speed of light. - some beta particles are able to penetrate several millimeters of aluminum Gamma rays - they are electromagnetic radiations with very short wavelengths. - Their wavelengths and energies can vary. - High-energy gamma rays can penetrate at least 30cm of lead or 2 km of air.

V. Sub-atomic structure of the ff. Carbon Sodium Potassium Oxygen

VI. Problem Solving 1. How long would it take in Calcium to become Radon? If Alpha decay rate = 3hrs And Beta decay rate = 5hrs.

2. What is the decay sequence is involve in making fluorine 48?

3. What is the result if you fused Nitrogen and Carbon?

4. What is the mass of the element when it emits 9.0 x 10 J?

5. A gun inclined at 70 was fired at 48 m/s and reach the ground after 3.16 sec. what is the highest of the altitude of the bullet.