Third PrincipIe: Corporate for Human Rights

-nternational Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

- nternational Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
GOLDEN RULE: "Do unto others what you want others do unto you."
* Universal Declaration of Human Rights includes civil, political, economic, social and
cultural rights.
irst Generation Rights: civil and political rights
1. reedom of religion
2. reedom of association
3. reedom from torture and slavery
4. reedom from discrimination
Second Generation Rights: economic, cultural and social rights
1. Right to education
2. Right to just and favorable conditions of work
3. Right to participate in cultural life
Third Generation Rights: solidarity rights
Human Rights in International Conventions
1. European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and undamental
reedoms (1950)
2. American Convention on Human Rights (1969)
3. African Charter on Human and People's Rights (1981)
4. US' Declaration of ndependence and Bill of Rights
5. Singapore's undamental Liberties
6. 1987 Phil. Constitution's Social Justice and Human Rights
Nature of Human Rights
Right - A personal entitlement to
something.
- a privilege
- a moral claim
- a prerogative
- exclusive title to what is due to you
- Enables you to freely choose whether to
pursue certain activities/interests or not.
- Empowers you to act, perform and think in
your own personal and distinct way
- t flows from human dignity

Legacy of Thomas Paine
"The end of all political associations is the preservation of the rights of man, which rights
are liberty, property and security; that the nation is the source of all sovereignty derived from it;
the right of property being secured and inviolable, no one ought to be deprived of it, except in
cases of evident public necessity, legally ascertained, and on condition of previous just
indemnity.

%hree Substantial Features
1. Your right is always another person's duty.
A right imposes a correlative duty on others in two ways:
a. Either as a duty of positive action (by doing something for)
b. A duty of non-interference (by not doing something against)
2. Your basic right can provide a ground for justifying your actions and decisions.
3. Your right can invoke the protection and assistance of others when you exercise your
fundamental right.

%o General Classifications of Rights:
1. Legal Rights
- derived from a legal organization or judicial system
- limited to the specified domain within which the judicial system is in force
- Relative and comparative to a certain society and culture
2. Moral Rights
- Universal, inviolable and inalienable rights (permanent)
- derived from a moral system distinct from any legal organization
- nherent and intrinsic in nature.
- Permanently and universally valid
* The existence of moral rights is another indirect justification of why CSR is global and why
moral standards are objective, universal and permanent.

Individual Rights and the Right of Society

Rights hich can never be suspended:
1. Right to life
2. Right to recognition as a person before the law
3. reedom of thought, conscience and religion
4. reedom from torture
5. reedom from slavery
6. reedom from imprisonment for debt or from retroactive penal legislation

Corporate Conscience - Company should not cooperate with any supplier, government or
other enterprise that engage in slavery, slave labor or even child labor (Richard DeGeorge).
n the long term, human rights standards can benefit business. Business enterprises
have ongoing operational tasks that encompass human rights dimensions such as:
1. Employment
2. Security
3. Economic Development
4. Environment
5. Community/Societal
Responsibilities


Fourth PrincipIe: Utmost Respect for EmpIoyee Rights

1. %he Right to Work and Full Employment
Right to work is fundamental because:
1. To survive
2. t is a natural obligation to support your dependents
3. Psychological reason (to gain and maintain self-respect)

2. %he Right to Equal Employment Opportunities
This prohibits business employers from discriminating against qualified people with
disabilities.
CSR and Ethics: Each person has a fundamental right to be treated as a free and
thinking individual and all other individuals have a correlative moral duty to treat
him/her.

3. %he Right to Just Wage and Compensation
a. Just Wage - enable worker to meet the bare cost of living and provide a means of
desirable improvements in his mode of living.
b. Minimum Wage - set by the government to protect low-paid
c. Family Wage - remuneration
- sufficient for properly maintaining a family and providing solid security for future

4. %he Right to Security of %enure - The services of any one of the workers cannot just be
terminated except for a just cause or after a due process.

5. %he Right to Due Process and a Grievance Procedure
Due Process is the sporting idea of fair play. Workers must be treated fairly and justly.
CSR merely restricts the superior powers of the employer and his individual prerogatives
springing from its right to property ownership.
Procedure to be fair and just must be:
1. Clear and simple notice of rules
2. Consistent administration of the rules
3. air and impartial hearing
4. Objective determination of the facts
5. Non-liability of the innocent

6. %he Right to Good Working Conditions
CSR is concerned about the right to working conditions where the physical health of the
workers is not endangered, morals are safeguarded, and the young people's normal
development is not impaired.
Employers are required to give the folloing:
1. Offer wages that reflect the risk-premium prevalent in other similar but
competitive labor market
2. Provide employees with suitable health insurance programs
3. Collect information on health hazards in a given job and make such information
available to the employees.

7. %he Right to Social Security, Health and other Benefits
Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of
himself and of his family, including food, clothing, and housing and medical care and
necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness,
disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control.

8. %he Right to be %rained, to Gro and Develop

9. %he Right to Organize themselves and Join Union
Labor Union voluntary organization of workers for the protection of their economic
and social interests in the labor market.
Moral grounds of the right to organize:
1. reedom of association
2. Right to be treated as free and equal persons

10. %he Right to Collective Bargaining
Bargaining in good faith is extremely concerned with sensitive agreements about the
just wage, holidays, sick leave etc. To bargain collectively is not only a right but also
a duty.
Labor Code Provisions obligates both management and labor:
1. To meet and convene promptly and expeditiously
2. To negotiate without taking undue advantage of the other
3. To negotiate in good faith

11. %he Right to Go on Strike
Strike is both a legal and moral rod of labor.
Conditions to be morally permissible:
1. The strike must always be the last and final recourse.
2. Should be related to objective.
3. To be employed must be morally acceptable.



Fifth PrincipIe: Dynamics of SociaI Justice

SociaI Justice is a complete disposition by which we render to another what is due to
others. End of CSR is social justice and equality. t is always biased in favor of the least
advantaged and can become a part of the business.
Justice in Motion means employees should work harder to deserve increase in salary.
RULE OF JUSTICE: Give to others what is due to them; receive what is due to you.

Strict ImpIementation of Justice
%o ays of giving hat is due to others:
1. By way of exchange - requires strict equality and implies mathematical equivalence,
which is mainly the area of commutative justice.
2. By way of distribution - requires proportionate equality, which is the just basis when
two things are distributed: benefits and burdens.
3. air Share's Criteria: Relative importance, Relative need, and Nature of things
Different forms of Justice
1. General Justice (collection process) the goal is directed to the "norms of right order
towards the promotion of the common good.
2. Distributive Justice (distribution process) directs the legitimate authority to justly
distribute the benefits and burdens to particular individuals.
3. Commutative Justice strict mathematical equality requiring to give to others what is
due to them. The value of a thing exchanged should be given by its monetary worth.
Problems Related to Social Justice
1. The problem in the distribution of benefits when so many members of society claim
clashing interests on the benefits and their claim for benefits cannot be satisfied.
2. The problem of the distribution of burdens when a number of people are not willing to
shoulder burdens.
3. The problem that arises when not a few people ask the question, "Where do our tax
money go? Questioning present system of distribution and social development.
Basic Considerations of Social Justice
1. Egalitarian Consideration. The center is on distribution based on equality.
2. Capitalist Consideration. All forms of distribution of benefits should be in accordance
with the contribution each individual makes in order to achieve the aims of the group.
3. Socialist Consideration. The legal authority distributes burdens according to people's
abilities and people's needs.
4. Libertarian Consideration. (Principle of equal liberty)
5. Christian Consideration. Preferential option for the poor. NGO's and the government
should acknowledge that the greatest benefits should go to the four L's:
1. less fortunate
2. least advantaged
3. last
4. lost
%o basic rules of social justice:
1. Greater benefits for some cannot justify any form of injustice.
2. The norms of justice must always and everywhere coincide with the basic human rights
of all men, women and children.
Conditions for Punitive Justice
1. Knowledge and freedom
2. Proven beyond reasonable doubt
3. Consistency
4. Proportionality
Compensatory Justice identifies who is morally responsible and how much payment is
required according to the ability of the payer.



Sixth PrincipIe: PreferentiaI Option for the Poor:
Commitment to Grassroots DeveIopment

Option for the Poor
* t is neither doling out company donations (simple transfer of resources from economically
stable to the unstable) nor a pure act of philanthropy.
* t is a genuine commitment to grassroots development, a by-product of the evolution of
CSR, from company philanthropy to direct social engagement.

Gospel Motivated Principle:
1. Mindanao Peace and Development
Program
2. Urban Poverty Reduction Campaign
3. Micro-financing
4. Social nvestment in Education
5. Corporate Response to Digital Divide

Widespread Human Deprivation
1. Material Poverty the poor are materially deprived, not just "poor in spirit, but poor,
period.Poor people are the forgotten men at the bottom of economic pyramid.
2. Spiritual and Social Poverty they are poor because they don't count in society and
treated as third-class citizens or social outcasts.
3. Chronic Poverty a deprivation caused by personal, socio-cultural, economic and
geographic factors that prevent individuals and families to realize an adequate human
subsistence for a sustained period of time. t is an absolute poverty.
4. Transient Poverty a temporary material dispossession resulting from external factors
beyond the immediate control of the individual including natural disaster, wars and short
term dislocations. t is a relative poverty.

StagfIation combination of stagnation and inflation
* The twin sister of joblessness is poverty.
Characteristics of the Principle "Preferential Option for the Poor"
1. More than dole-outs.
2. Transcends public relations.
3. Genuine commitment to grassroots development
4. A personal philosophy. t is a philosophy rooted in business ethics.
5. Corporate decision
6. Also an opportunity
7. But not exclusive
8. Witness to human dignity

Poverty Alleviation Programs
1. Mindanao Peace and Development Program
Mindanao is the land of unfulfilled promise.
%hree principles at ork:
a. Option for the poor
b. Solidarity participation
2. Urban Anti-Poverty Campaign
nvolvement of the private sector is very much needed.
3. Micro-financing
* t includes reduction of the red tape, fixing of the distribution system and the
improvement of the bottlenecks on access.
* SME's and women are the beneficiaries.
* Making access to funds more convenient.
4. Social investment in Education
* CSR practices in poverty alleviation should start in education.
* t attempts to reduce human misery.
* Giving education is the highest CSR priority.
5. Corporate Response to Digital Divide
* Businesses redefine its role as they pursue business opportunities in
developing nations.