8|ography of Mathemat|c|ans

1 Pythagoras
Pythagoras was born on the c.575 B.C.E on the island oI Samos which was oII Greece in the
Mediterranean Sea. Pythagoras was born by Mnesarchus. He was a Greek philosopher, a scientist
and religious scholar.
He went to school in Greece and Iled to Southern Italy in order to be saved Irom the cruel
government oI Polycrates that enthrone on 538 B.C.E. when they came to power, Pythagoras was
in Egypt and Babylon.
When Pythagoras got to Croton in Southern Italy, he set up a school Ior the sector that he Ireshly
Iormed. He became politically powerIul that he joined local government so that he can train
people and lead them to pure liIe through his teachings. At the gathering oI this sector, a rival
group rose against him and were
almost scattered and destroyed.
Pythagoras neither leIt Croton nor
Iorced to leave when he was killed in
Metapontum at the early oI 5
th

century B.C.E.
Pythagoras and his group have
contributed greatly to science and
religion. Pythagoras based his
teaching on metempsychosis which
means that soul do not dies and ahs
been assigned to birth oI recycling till
it is capable to beat liberty by itselI
Irom the cycle through liIe purity. His
system was in contrast to other
philosopher system in the sense that it
was based on the entire liIe way that
could be either resulted to salvation or
delivery Irom sin despite that there is
no prooI to display that soul could be
raised in plant Iorm or animal Iorm.
PYTHAGORAS MATHEMATICAL
TEACHING
Pythagoras stated mathematically that
the oddness and evenness oI numerals
are equivalent to limited and unlimited or single and many or right and leIt or male and Iemale or
boy and girl or straight and crooked, light and darkness or motionless and movement or good and
bad. Pythagoras also discover a theorem aIter is known Pythagoras theorem despite that it has
been discovered by writing it in a stone during the Babylonian king. Hammurabi that died in
c.1750 B.C.E. Pythagoras and his Iollowers did great work on an aspect oI mathematics.
Due to Pythagoras studies on mathematics and religions built up a cosmology. This is the study
oI structures oI the universe. He and his Iollowers saw the earth being spherical and moved
round the middle oI the universe. But there was no record on which oI the theory is named
through Pythagoras. Through his mathematical knowledge with his Iollowers, he was able to
make history in the thought oI the Western. Also his religious teaching and his selI discipline and
being devoted make him to be a great teacher oI religion in the old Greek world. Pythagoras set
up some inIluential mathematical and some theories on philosophy which makes great impact on
people today even on those students oI these days that did not know Pythagoras in person but
just hearing his name through mathematical aspect. Pythagoras is a great scientist and
philosopher that makes a great heart Ielt impact on people both religiously and on personal liIe.
He died in c.495 B.C.E at Metapontum.



Aryabhatta
Aryabhatta came to this world on the 476 A.D at Patliputra in Magadha which is known as the
modern Patna in Bihar. Some people were saying that he was born in the South oI India mostly
Kerala. But it cannot be disproved that he was not born in Patlipura and then travelled to
Magadha where he was educated and established a coaching centre. His Iirst name is 'Arya
which is a South Indian name and 'Bhatt or 'Bhatta a normal north Indian name which could
be seen among the trader people in India.
No matter where he could be originated Irom,
people cannot dispute that he resided in Patliputra
because he wrote one oI his popular 'Aryabhatta-
siddhanta but 'Aryabhatiya was much more
popular than the Iormer. This is the only work
that Aryabhatta do Ior his survival. His writing
consists oI mathematical theory and astronomical
theory which was viewed to be perIect in modern
mathematics. For example, it was written in his
theory that when you add 4 to 100 and multiply
the result with 8, then add the answer to 62,000
and divide it by 20000, the result will be the same
thing as the circumIerence with diameter twenty
thousand. The calculation oI 3.1416 is nearly the
same with the true value oI Pi which is 3.14159.
Aryabhatta`s strongest contribution was zero.
Another aspect oI mathematics that he worked
upon is arithmetic, algebra, quadratic equations,
trigonometry and sine table.
Aryabhatta was aware that the earth rotates on its
axis. The earth rotates round the sun and the
moon moves round the earth. He discovered the 9 planets position and related them to their
rotation round the sun. Aryabhatta said the light received Irom planets and the moon is gotten
Irom sun. He also made mention on the eclipse oI the sun, moon, day and night, earth contours
and the 365 days oI the year as the exact length oI the year. Aryabhatta also revealed that the
earth circumIerence is 24835 miles when compared to the modern day calculation which is
24900 miles.
Aryabhatta have unusually great intelligence and well skilled in the sense that all his theories has
became wonders to some mathematicians oI the present age. The Greeks and the Arabs
developed some oI his works to suit their present demands. Aryabhatta was the Iirst inventor oI
the earth sphericity and also discovered that earth rotates round the sun. He was the one that
created the Iormula (a b)
2
a
2
b
2
2ab.

k|chard Dedek|nd
8lchard uedeklnd was born ln 8runswlck (8raunschwelg) a clLy
ln norLhern Cermany ln 1831 Much of hls educaLlon Look place ln 8runswlck as well where he
flrsL aLLended school and Lhen for Lwo years Lhe local Lechnlcal unlverslLy ln 1830 he
Lransferred Lo Lhe unlverslLy of CLLlngen a cenLer for sclenLlflc research ln Lurope aL Lhe Llme
Carl lrledrlch Causs one of Lhe greaLesL maLhemaLlclans of all Llme LaughL ln CLLlngen and
uedeklnd became hls lasL docLoral sLudenL Pe wroLe a dlsserLaLlon ln maLhemaLlcs under
Causs flnlshed ln 1832
lL ls wldely acknowledged LhaL 8lchard uedeklnd was one of Lhe greaLesL maLhemaLlclans of
Lhe nlneLeenLhcenLury as well as one of Lhe mosL lmporLanL conLrlbuLors Lo number Lheory
and algebra of all Llme Any comprehenslve hlsLory of maLhemaLlcs wlll menLlon hlm for among
oLhers hls lnvenLlon of Lhe Lheory of ldeals and hls lnvesLlgaLlon of Lhe noLlons of algebralc
number fleld module laLLlce eLc (see eg uleudonne 1983 8oyer Merzbach 1991
SLlllwell 2000 kolmogorov ?ushkevlch 2001) uedeklnds more foundaLlonal work ln
maLhemaLlcs ls also wldely known aL leasL ln parLs CfLen acknowledged ln LhaL connecLlon are
hls analysls of Lhe noLlon of conLlnulLy hls lnLroducLlon of Lhe real numbers by means of
uedeklnd cuLs hls formulaLlon of Lhe uedeklndeano axloms for Lhe naLural numbers hls
proof of Lhe caLegorlclLy of Lhese axloms and hls conLrlbuLlons Lo Lhe early developmenL of seL
Lheory (CraLLanCulnness 1980 lerrelrs 1999 !ahnke 2003)
Archlmedes was Lhe one LhaL deLecL Lhe pl value Also he was able Lo make known a beLLer way
of represenLlng blg numbers ln whlch before hls lnvenLlon alphabeLlcal leLLers had been used
lnsLead Archlmedes dled on 212 8CL ln Syracuse
Georg Ierd|nand Ludw|g h|||pp Cantor
Georg Ierd|nand Ludw|g h|||pp Cantor (March 3 1843 !anuary 6 1918) was a Cerman
maLhemaLlclan who ls besL known as Lhe creaLor of modern seL Lheory Pe ls recognlzed by
maLhemaLlclans for havlng exLended seL Lheory Lo Lhe concepL of LransflnlLe numbers lncludlng
Lhe cardlnal and ordlnal number classes CanLor ls also known for hls work on Lhe unlque
represenLaLlons of funcLlons by means of LrlgonomeLrlc serles (a generallzed verslon of a
lourler serles)

Pe was born on March 3 1843 ln SalnL eLersburg 8ussla Lhe son of a uanlsh merchanL
Ceorge Waldemar CanLor and a 8usslan muslclan Marla Anna 8hm ln 1836 Lhe famlly moved
Lo Cermany and he conLlnued hls educaLlon ln Cerman schools earnlng hls docLoraLe from Lhe
unlverslLy of 8erlln ln 1867
CanLor recognlzed LhaL lnflnlLe seLs can have dlfferenL slzes dlsLlngulshed beLween counLable
and uncounLable seLs and proved LhaL Lhe seL of all raLlonal numbers C ls counLable whlle Lhe
seL of all real numbers 8 ls uncounLable and hence sLrlcLly blgger 1he orlglnal proof of Lhls
devlsed ln uecember 1873 and publlshed ln early 1874 used a moderaLely compllcaLed
reducLlon argumenL ln whlch one sLarLs wlLh a counLable llsL of real numbers and an lnLerval on
Lhe real llne 1hen one Lakes Lhe flrsL Lwo elemenLs from Lhe llsL LhaL are ln Lhe lnLerval and
forms an lnLerval from LhaL LxhausLlng onward we flnd LhaL Lhere exlsLs an elemenL LhaL ls noL
ln Lhe llsL Pls laLer 1891 proof uses hls celebraLed dlagonal argumenL ln hls laLer years he Lrled
ln valn Lo prove Lhe conLlnuum hypoLhesls 8y 1897 he had dlscovered several paradoxes ln
elemenLary seL Lheory
Pe also lnvenLed Lhe symbol Loday used Lo represenL all real numbers
1hroughouL Lhe second half of hls llfe he suffered from bouLs of depresslon whlch severely
affecLed hls ablllLy Lo work and forced hlm Lo become hosplLallzed repeaLedly 1hls recurrenL
depresslon would probably be dlagnosed as blpolar dlsorder Loday lndeed one can easlly see
Lhls degeneraLlon ln hls publlcaLlon of a verlflcaLlon of Coldbachs con[ecLure for all lnLegers
less Lhan 1000 (a verlflcaLlon up Lo 10000 had been publlshed decades before) Pe sLarLed Lo
publlsh abouL llLeraLure aLLempLlng Lo prove LhaL lrancls 8acon was Lhe Lrue auLhor of
Shakespeares works and rellglon ln whlch he developed hls concepL of Lhe AbsoluLe lnflnlLe
whlch he equaLed wlLh Cod Pe was lmpoverlshed durlng World War l and dled on !anuary 6
1918 ln a menLal hosplLal ln Palle Cermany