2)llg 31 uoL/8ar dlsplay drlver 8 3)llg 32 1he plezo elemenL 9 4)llg 33 lezo elecLrlc dlaphragm 10 3)llg 34 1ouch pad 10 6)llg 33 LlghL emlLLlng dlode 11 7)llg 36 lnslde a llghL emlLLlng dlode 12 8)llg 37 8egulaLed power supply 14 9)llg 38 volLage regulaLor 14 10)llg 39 ClrculL dlagram of SLress meLer 13 11)llg 41 8aslc block dlagram showlng Lhe operaLlon of Lhe clrculL 17 12)llg 42 8ole played by Louch pads 18 13)llg 43 8rldge 8ecLlfler ClrculL 20 14)llg 44 1he ower supply generaLlon21
IN1kCDUC1ICN 1hls sLress monlLor leLs you assess your emoLlonal paln lf Lhe hls sLress monlLor leLs you assess your emoLlonal paln lf Lhe sLress ls very hlgh lL glves vlsual lndlcaLlon Lhrough a llghLemlLLlng dlode (LLu) dlsplay along wlLh warnlng beep 1he gadgeL ls small enough o be worn around Lhe wrlsL 1he gadgeL ls based on Lhe prlnclple LhaL Lhe reslsLance of Lhe skln varles ln accordance wlLh your emoLlonal sLaLes lf Lhe sLress level ls hlgh Lhe skln offers less reslsLance and lf Lhe body ls relaxed Lhe skln reslsLance ls hlgh 1he low reslsLance of Lhe skln uurlng Plgh sLress ls due Lo an lncrease ln Lhe blood supply Lo Lhe skln 1hls lncreases Lhe permeablllLy of Lhe skln and hence Lhe conducLlvlLy for elecLrlc currenL 1hls properLy of Lhe skln ls used Pere Lo measure Lhe sLress level 1he Louch pads of Lhe sLress meLer sense Lhe volLage varlaLlons across Lhe Louch pads and convey Lhe same Lo Lhe clrculL clrculL 1he clrculL ls very senslLlve and deLecLs even a mlnuLe volLage varlaLlon across Lhe Louch pads 1hls sLress monlLor leLs you assess your emoLlonal paln lf Lhe sLress ls very hlgh lL glves vlsual lndlcaLlon Lhrough a llghLemlLLlng dlode (LLu) dlsplay along wlLh a warnlng beep 1he gadgeL ls small enough Lo be worn around Lhe wrlsL lf Lhe sLress ls very hlgh lL glves vlsual lndlcaLlon Lhrough a llghL emlLLlng dlode (LLu) dlsplay along wlLh a warnlng beep 1he gadgeL ls small enough Lo be worn around Lhe wrlsL 1he gadgeL ls based on Lhe prlnclple LhaL Lhe reslsLance of Lhe skln varles ln accordance wlLh your emoLlonal sLaLes lf Lhe sLress level ls hlgh Lhe skln offers less reslsLance and lf Lhe body ls relaxed Lhe skln reslsLance ls hlgh 1he low reslsLance of Lhe skln durlng hlgh sLress ls due Lo an lncrease ln Lhe blood supply Lo Lhe skln 1hls lncreases Lhe permeablllLy of Lhe skln and hence Lhe conducLlvlLy for elecLrlc currenL
CCMCNLN1S 1nL 1CUCn AD 1he 1ouch ad ls Lwo Llnned pads on Lhe C board When you Louch Lhem wlLh a flnger Lhe reslsLance of your flnger ls reduced by a facLor of abouL 100 400 by Lhe galn of Lhe emlLLerfollower LranslsLor and Lhls puLs a PlCP on Lhe lnpuL pln of Lhe chlp 1he lnpuL lmpedance of Lhe chlp ls falrly hlgh (abouL 30k) buL when you add a pulldown reslsLor (Lo prevenL sLray slgnals belng deLecLed by Lhe chlp) Lhe lmpedance decreases 1he answer ls Lo add Lhe emlLLerfollower LranslsLor
LLD LLu ls useful for lndlcaLlon of sLress A llghL emlLLlng dlode (LLu) ls a n [uncLlon semlconducLor dlode LhaL emlLs phoLons when elecLrlcal currenL passes Lhrough Lhe [uncLlon ln Lhe forward dlrecLlon Lhe elecLrlcal carrlers glve up energy proporLlonal Lo Lhe forward volLage drop across Lhe dlode [uncLlon Lhls energy ls emlLLed ln Lhe form of llghL LLu's are used ln numerlcal dlsplays such as Lhose on elecLronlc dlglLal waLches and pockeL calculaLors 8y deflnlLlon lL ls a solldsLaLe devlce LhaL conLrols currenL wlLhouL heaLed fllamenLs and ls Lherefore very rellable LLu's are hlghly monochromaLlc emlLLlng a pure color ln a narrow frequency range 1he color emlLLed from an LLu s ldenLlfled by peak wavelengLh and measured ln nanomeLers LLus are made from galllumbased crysLals LhaL conLaln one or more addlLlonal maLerlals such as phosphorous Lo produce a dlsLlncL color LLu llghL ouLpuL varles wlLh Lhe Lype of chlp encapsulaLlon efflclency of lndlvldual wafer loLs and oLher varlables Several LLu manufacLurers use Lerms such as superbrlghL and ulLra brlghL Lo descrlbe LLu lnLenslLy 8ecause LLu's are solldsLaLe devlces Lhey are noL sub[ecL Lo caLasLrophlc fallure when operaLed wlLhln deslgn parameLers LLu's are currenLdrlven devlces noL volLage drlven AlLhough drlve currenL and llghL ouLpuL are dlrecLly relaLed exceedlng Lhe maxlmum currenL raLlng wlll produce excesslve heaL wlLhln Lhe LLu chlp due Lo excesslve power dlsslpaLlon 1he color of an LLu ls deLermlned by Lhe semlconducLor maLerlal noL by Lhe colorlng of Lhe package (Lhe plasLlc body) LLus are avallable ln red orange amber yellow green and blue and whlLe colors LLu's are speclally consLrucLed Lo release a large number of phoLons ouLward AddlLlonally Lhey are housed ln a plasLlc bulb LhaL concenLraLes Lhe llghL ln a parLlcular dlrecLlon
CLkA1ICN 1he gadgeL ls based on Lhe prlnclple LhaL Lhe reslsLance of Lhe skln varles ln accordance wlLh your emoLlonal sLaLes lf Lhe sLress level ls hlgh Lhe skln offers
less reslsLance and lf Lhe body ls relaxed Lhe skln reslsLance ls hlgh 1he low reslsLance of Lhe skln durlng hlgh sLress ls due Lo an lncrease ln Lhe blood supply Lo Lhe skln 1hls lncreases Lhe permeablllLy of Lhe skln and hence Lhe conducLlvlLy for elecLrlc currenL
1hls properLy of Lhe skln ls used here Lo measure Lhe sLress level 1he Louch pads of Lhe sLress meLer sense he volLage varlaLlons across Lhe Louch pads and convey Lhe same Lo Lhe clrculL 1he clrculL ls very senslLlve and deLecLs even a mlnuLe volLage varlaLlon across Lhe Louch pads
1he clrculL comprlses slgnal ampllfler and analogue dlsplay secLlons volLage varlaLlons from Lhe senslng pads are ampllfled by LranslsLor 8C348 (11) whlch ls conflgured as a commonemlLLer ampllfler 1he base of 11 ls connecLed Lo one of Lhe Louch pads Lhrough reslsLor 81 and Lo Lhe ground rall Lhrough poLmeLer v81 8y varylng v81 Lhe senslLlvlLy of 11 can be ad[usLed Lo Lhe deslred level ulode u1 malnLalns proper blaslng of 11 and capaclLor C1 keeps Lhe volLage from Lhe emlLLer of 11 sLeady
1he ampllfled slgnal from LranslsLor 11 ls glven Lo Lhe lnpuL of lC LM3913 (lC1) Lhrough v82 lC LM3913 ls a monollLhlc lnLegraLed clrculL LhaL senses analogue volLage levels aL lLs pln 3 and dlsplays Lhem Lhrough LLus provldlng a logarlLhmlc analogue dlsplay lL can drlve up Lo Len LLus one by one ln Lhe doL/bar mode for each lncremenL of 123 mv ln Lhe lnpuL Pere we've used only flve LLus connecLed aL plns 14 Lhrough 18 of lC1 LLu1 glows when lnpuL pln 3 of lC1 recelves 130 mv LLu3 glows when Lhe volLage rlses Lo 630 mv and LLu3 flashes and plezobuzzer Z1 beeps when Lhe sLress level ls hlgh 8eslsLors 84 and 83 and capaclLor C2 form Lhe flashlng elemenLs 8eslsLor 83 malnLalns Lhe LLu currenL aL around 20 mA CapaclLor C3 should be placed
close Lo pln 3 for proper funcLlonlng of Lhe lC Zener dlode Zu1 ln serles wlLh reslsLor 86 provldes regulaLed 3v Lo Lhe clrculL
1he clrculL can be assembled on a small plece of perforaLed board use LransparenL 3mm LLus and a small plezobuzzer for audlovlsual lndlcaLlons Lnclose Lhe clrculL ln a small plasLlc case wlLh Louch pads on Lhe back slde 1wo selflocklng sLraps can be used Lo Lle Lhe unlL around your wrlsL AfLer Lylng Lhe unlL around your wrlsL (wlLh Louch pads ln conLacL wlLh Lhe skln) slowly vary v81 unLll LLu1 glows (assumlng LhaL you are ln relaxed sLaLe) Ad[usL v82 lf Lhe senslLlvlLy of lC1 ls very hlgh 1he gadgeL ls now ready for use
LCCk DIAGkAM DLSCkI1ICN 1he 230 volLs ac power supply ls glven Lo Lhe Lransformer he Lransformer sLeps down Lhe lnpuL volLage llne and lsolaLes Lhe power supply from Lhe power llne A full wave brldge recLlfler clrculL along wlLh a volLage regulaLor ls used Lo glve a regulaLed power supply Lo Lhe clrculL 1he lnpuL Louch pads are used Lo sense Lhe reslsLance of our skln and Lhls lnpuL ls fed Lo Lhe doL/bar dlsplay drlver 1he doL/bar dlsplay drlver accepLs Lhe lnpuL Lhrough Lhe Louch pads whlch sense Lhe small change ln reslsLance Lhe doL/bar drlver glves Lhe ouLpuL sLress level lndlcaLlon accordlng Lhe lnpuL 1he ouLpuL ls lndlcaLed on a led dlsplay 1he Len led's acL llke Lhe sLress level lndlcaLors form zero sLress level Lo hlgh sLress level on a scale of Len 1he hlgh sLress deLecLed from Lhe doL/ bar dlsplay drlver ls lndlcaLed Lhrough a warnlng yellow llghL
1LS1ING 1he clrculL can be made on a boxAfLer Lylng Lhe unlL around your wrlsL slowly varles v81 unLll LLu1 glows (relaxed sLaLe)Ad[usL v82 lf Lhe senslLlvlLy of Lhe lC1 ls very hlgh 1he model ls now ready for use
ALICA1ICN Lach LLu ln sLress meLer operaLes wlLh a 3d8 dlfference from Lhe prevlous one and a [umper ls provlded Lo allow doL or bar mode 1hls pro[ecL ls an essenLlal parL of Lhe expandable analyzer and one meLer clrculL ls used for each frequency band 1here are many oLher uses for a slmple LLu meLer 1hey are ldeal as power meLers on ampllflers can be used wlLh mlxers (lncludlng Lhe hlgh quallLy mlxer) preamps and any oLher appllcaLlon where lL ls lmporLanL Lo know Lhe slgnal level