What is the Difference Between a Two Stroke and Four Stroke Engine?

To understand the mechanical differences between a two stroke and four stroke engine, lets first consider how the
four stroke engine works. The four strokes are:
Intake: The piston travels down the cylinder while the intake valve is opened to allow a mixture of fuel and air to enter
the combustion chamber.
Compression: The intake valve is closed and the piston travels back up the cylinder thereby compressing the
gasses.
Combustion: The spark plug ignites the compressed gas causing it to explode, which forces the piston down.
Exhaust: The piston rises up the cylinder as the exhaust valve is opened, allowing the piston to clear the chamber to
start the process over.
Each time the piston rises and falls it turns the crankshaft that is responsible for turning the wheels. This is how fuel is
converted into forward motion.
Of note here is that the spark plug only fires once every other revolution. Also, there is a sophisticated set of
mechanisms working in synchronization to create the four strokes. Acamshaft must alternately tip a rocker
arm attached either to the intake or exhaust valve. The rocker arm returns to its closed position via a spring. The
valves must be seated properly in the cylinder head to avoid compression leaks. n other words, a symphony of
mechanical events occurs.

n the two stroke engine, all four events are integrated into one simple downward stroke, and one upward stroke. Two
strokes. Intake and exhaust are both integrated into the compression and combustion movement of the piston,
eliminating the need for valves. This is accomplished by an inlet and exhaust port in the wall of the combustion
chamber itself. As the piston travels downward from combustion, the exhaust port is exposed allowing the spent
gasses to rush out of the chamber. The downward stroke also creates suction that draws in new air/fuel through an
inlet located lower in the chamber. As the piston rises again, it blocks off the inlet and port, compressing the gasses
at the top of the chamber. The spark plug fires and the process starts over. Significantly, the engine fires on every
revolution, giving the two strokeits power advantage.
However, at the lowest point of travel of the piston when the chamber is filling with fuel/air, the exhaust port exposed
above allows some fuel/gasses to escape the chamber. This is easily seen with an outboard motorboat, evident by
the multicolored oil slick surrounding the engine, but it happens with all two stroke engines. This along with burning
oil -- creates pollutionand fuel-efficiency issues.
For these reasons, two stroke engines are reserved for intermittent use, where weight-to-power ratio or orientation
issues are important and where mileage isn't primary. Meanwhile manufacturers are looking for ways to add
advantages to four stroke motors, making them smaller, lighter and more robust.
To further understand the difference between a two stroke and a four stroke engine let us consider the advantages
and disadvantages.
dvantages of the two stroke:
O Has more get-up-and-go because it fires once every revolution, giving it twice the power of a four stroke, which only
fires once every other revolution.
O Packs a higher weight-to-power ratio because it is much lighter.
O s less expensive because of its simpler design.
O Can be operated in any orientation because it lacks the oil sump of a four stroke engine, which has limited orientation
if oil is to be retained in the sump.
These attributes make two stroke engines very popular for a variety of uses from dirt bikes, mopeds, jet skis, and
small outboard motors, to lawn and garden equipment such as mowers, edgers, leaf blowers, chain saws and hedge
trimmers.
But there are other differences between the two stroke and four stroke engines that aren't so favorable, which is why
you won't see two stroke engines in cars.
Disadvantages of the two stroke:
O Faster wear and shorter engine life than a four stroke due to the lack of a dedicated lubricating system.
O Requires special two stroke oil ("premix") with every tank of gas, adding expense and at least a minimal amount of
hassle.
O Heavily pollutes because of the simpler design and the gas/oil mixture that is released prior to, and in the exhaust
(also creates an unpleasant smell).
O s fuel-inefficient because of the simpler design, resulting in poorer mileage than a fourstroke engine.
O Has a high-decibel hine that may exceed legal noise limits in some areas, depending on the product and local
applicable laws.
Before purchasing a two stroke product you might check with your local municipality to see if any restrictions apply.

WIPER
A wiper is the entry level position in the engine department. The name came from the job function on old-fashioned
ships, with a wiper actually wiping the equipment off, as well as watching and learning from the more experienced
members of the engine department. Today the wiper is more like a "gofer," helping and assisting everyone else in the
department.
After serving as a wiper, a mariner can work his way up to becoming an oiler; responsible for making sure
the ship equipment is properly oiled. Other unlicensed positions includeelectrician, machinist, and refrigeration
technician. All of these jobs are considered to be QMED positions, standing for Qualified Member of the Engine
Department. When someone has mastered all of the QMED responsibilities, he is a Junior Engineer the highest
unlicensed position available in the engine department.

What is the difference between a dieseI engine and a gasoIine engine?

The main difference is the way the fuel gets ignited. n a gasoline engine, there is a spark plug connected to coils
driven by the points and the distributor, that electrically generate a spark at the right time and ignite the fuel. n a
diesel engine, there are no electric parts and no spark plug, and the fuel ignites simply because of heating up up by
being compressed. That accounts for diesel engines being much more water-friendly, since getting the high voltage
electrics of the gasoline engine wet disables it quite easily. t also accounts for diesel engines starting up harder in
cold, since they need to be hot to ignite fuel, not having a spark to aid them do that.



Improved nswer

Three Major Difference between DieseI and GasoIine Engine.


. Type of fuel it uses: Diesel fuel is a less volatile fuel than gasoline but possesses a greater number of BTU's per
gallon. As a result, more total horsepower is obtained from a gallon of diesel than a gallon of gas.
2. Type of Ignition: the fuel and air mixture in a gas cylinder is ignited by a spark. n a diesel engine, the mixture is
ignited by the heat from compression.
3. Fuel and air mixing: n a gas engine, the fuel and air mix takes place in the carburetor and the intake manifold and
the fuel is ignited by a spark plug. n a diesel engine the diesel fuel is mixed with compressed air when the fuel is
injected into the cylinder. Because air heats up when it's compressed, the fuel ignites.

What is a function of Turbo charger in dieseI engine
Turbo chargers are used to increase mass flow rate of air and mainly used to get more fuel combustion
efficiency. The purpose of turbocharger is to compress the air flowing in to the diesel engine this lets the engine
squeeze more air into a cylinder and more air means that more fuel can be added.The engine burns air and fuel to
create mechanical power the more air and fuel it can burn the more powerful it is.simply says..The turbo charger
housing is designed to convert "High velocity Low pressure steam into High pressure low velocity
steam"

Crankpin
n a reciprocating engine, the crankpins, also known as crank journaIs are the journals of the big end bearings, at
the ends of the connecting rods opposite to the pistons.
f the engine has a crankshaft, then the crank pins are the journals of the off-centre bearings of the crankshaft. n
a beam enginethe single crank pin is mounted on the flywheel; n a steam locomotive the crank pins are often
mounted directly on the driving wheels.
Big end bearings are commonly bushings or plane bearings, but less commonly may be roller bearings,
see crankshaft.
n a multi-cylinder engine, a crankpin can serve one or many cylinders, for example:
n a straight (parallel) or flat (boxer) engine each crankpin normally serves just one cylinder.
n a V engine each crankpin usually serves two cylinders, one in each cylinder bank.
n a radial engine each crankpin serves an entire row of cylinders.

Main bearing
n a piston engine, the main bearings are the bearings on which the crankshaft rotates, usually plain or journal
bearings.
All engines have a minimum of two main bearings, one at each end of the crankshaft, and they may have as many as
one more than the number of crank pins. The number of main bearings is a compromise between the extra size, cost
and stability of a larger number of bearings and the compactness and light weight of a smaller number. Both have
advantages in terms of performance, as a shorter and more stable crankshaft will produce better engine balance.
Examples:
All single and V-twin cylinder engines have at least two main bearings, one at each end.
Parallel (inline) twin engines as used in motorcycles may have two, three, or four main bearings. Broadly
speaking, older British twins had two main bearings. Japanese twins typically have four.
Most four cylinder petrol and some inline six engines have three main bearings, the third in the middle. However,
four cylinder inline diesel engines usually have five main bearings due to the heavier loads imposed on the
crankshaft.
Almost all current production inline six cylinder engines have seven main bearings. Older inline sixes often had
either three or four main bearings.
All modern V8 engines have five main bearings, with one crank pin between each pair of adjacent main
bearings. Old designs, such as the Ford flathead V-8, produced from 32 through 3, often had three mains.
Most straight- engines have six main bearings, to help counter the essential imbalance of this design.
When describing a crankshaft design, the number of main bearings is generally quoted, as the number of crank pins
is determined by the engine configuration. For example, a crankshaft for an inline six engine will be described
as three bearing or four bearing depending on its number of main bearings; The crank pins are not counted in this
description. Similarly, when speaking of a crankshaft, the journals are the main bearing journals only. The crank pins
are not normally called journals although they form the centre shafts of the big end bearings and are therefore
journals in the more general sense.




Difference between ac motor and dc motor?

Direct current or DC electric motors work for situations where speed needs to be controlled. DC
motors have a stable and continuous current. DC motors were the first and earliest motors used. They
were found, however, to not be as good at producing power over long lengths. Electric companies
found using DC motors to generate electric did not work because the power was lost as the electric
was transmitted. Brush DC motors use rings that conduct the current and form the magnetic drive
that powers the rotor. Brushless DC motors use a switch to produce the magnetic drive that powers
the rotor. Direct current motors are often found in appliances around the home.
Alternating current or AC electric motors are used differently based on what type of AC motor it is.
Single phase AC motors are known as general purpose motors. They work well in many different
situations. These AC motors work great for systems that are hard to start because they need a lot of
power up front. Three phase, also called polyphase, AC motors are usually found in industrial settings.
These motors also have high starting power built transmit lower levels of overall power. AC power gets
its name from the fact that it alternates in power. The amount of power given off by an AC motor is
determined by the amount of power needed to operate the system.