MasteringPhysics 2.

0: Assignment Print View

http://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrint?assignmentI...

Assignment Display Mode: View Printable Solutions

Class WARWICK2005
PX132 Mechanics Assignment 2 (NOT assessed)
Assignment is due at 5:00pm on Monday, November 14, 2005
Credit for problems submitted late will decrease to 0% after the deadline has passed. There is no penalty for wrong answers to free response questions. Multiple choice questions are penalized as described in the online help. The unopened hint bonus is 2% per part. You are allowed unlimited attempts per answer.

A Gymnast on a Rope
Description: A gymnast climbs up and down a massless rope. Find the tension in the rope, given the weight, velocity, and acceleration of the gymnast. A gymnast of weight rope does not stretch. Part A Calculate the tension Hint A.1 in the rope if the gymnast climbs at a constant rate. climbs a vertical rope attached to the ceiling. You can ignore the weight of the rope and assume that the

A body in dynamic equilibrium

The gymnast is moving at a constant rate, that is, with constant velocity. This means that the gymnast is in dynamic equilibrium and, according to Newton's 1st law, the net force acting on the gymnast is zero.

ANSWER:

= w

Part B Calculate the tension Hint B.1 in the rope if the gymnast hangs motionless on the rope.

A body in static equilibrium

The gymnast is hanging motionless, that is, at rest. This means that the gymnast is in static equilibrium and, according to Newton's 1st law, the net force acting on the gymnast is zero.

ANSWER:

= w

Does it surprise you that the answers to Parts A and B are identical? In both cases, the gymnast is not accelerating. Therefore there must be zero net force acting on the gymnast. Since the only two forces acting on the gymnast are tension and weight, the tension in the rope in each case is equal in magnitude (and opposite in direction) to the gymnast's weight. Part C

1 of 8

02/11/2005 14:27

MasteringPhysics 2.0: Assignment Print View

http://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrint?assignmentI...

Calculate the tension mass of the gymnast. Hint C.1

in the rope if the gymnast accelerates up the rope with an acceleration of magnitude . Let

be the

Newton's 2nd law of motion acting on it is equal to the mass of the

According to Newton's 2nd law, if a body accelerates, the net external force body times the acceleration of the body: . Part C.2 Find the net external force

The only forces acting on the gymnast are the upward force of the rope on the gymnast (the tension in the rope) and the downward force of the gynmast on the rope (the weight of the gymnast). Find an expression for the net external force acting on the gymnast while accelerating up the rope. Take the positive y axis to be upward. Express your answer in terms of ANSWER: = T-w , , and . and .

Express your answer in terms of ANSWER: = w+m*a

Part D Calculate the tension in the rope if the gymnast slides down the rope with a downward acceleration of magnitude . Let be the mass of the gymnast. Hint D.1 Newton's 2nd law of motion

According to Newton's 2nd law, if a body accelerates, the net external force acting on it is equal to the mass of the body times the acceleration of the body. Part D.2 Find the net external force

The only forces acting on the gymnast are the upward force of the rope on the gymnast (the tension in the rope) and the downward force of the gynmast on the rope (the weight of the gymnast). Find an expression for the net external force acting on the gymnast while sliding down the rope. Take the positive y axis to be upward. Express your answer in terms of ANSWER: = T-w , , and . and .

Express your answer in terms of ANSWER: = w-m*a

Binary Star System

2 of 8

02/11/2005 14:27

MasteringPhysics 2.0: Assignment Print View

http://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrint?assignmentI...

Description: Given a binary star system with stars of differing mass, find the acceleration of one star in terms of the acceleration of the other using only Newton's Second and Third Laws. A binary star system consists of two stars of masses and around the center of mass of the system. The star with mass . The stars, which gravitationally attract each other, revolve has a centripetal acceleration of magnitude .

Note that you do not need to understand universal gravitation to solve this problem. Part A Find , the magnitude of the centripetal acceleration of the star with mass What causes acceleration? .

Part A.1

First consider what makes the stars orbit around their center of mass. Which of the following statements most correctly explains the physical origin of the centripetal acceleration of the star of mass ? 1. The gravitational force between the star of mass and the star of mass provides the centripetal acceleration necessary for circular motion. 2. The circular motion of the star of mass generates the centripetal acceleration. 3. The centripetal acceleration is the sum of the acceleration due to gravity and the acceleration due to the circular motion. 4. Once moving, the inertia of star 2 causes it to continue moving along its circular orbit, at constant speed, as dictated by Newton's First Law. ANSWER:

Part A.2

Relationship between forces on each star ? .

What is the magnitude of the force acting on the star of mass Express your answer in terms of ANSWER: = F_1 and

, the magnitude of the force that acts on the star with mass

The forces

are equal in magnitude, but they act in opposite directions--in fact they pull both planets toward

the center of mass (which lies on a line between them). Part A.3 How to relate acceleration and force , the magnitude of the force that acts on the star with mass , in

According to Newton's 2nd law, how can you express terms of ANSWER: and ? = m_1*a_1

Hint A.4

Putting it together , you should be able to find its acceleration by combining the

If you now apply Newton's 2nd law to the star of mass formulas from the previous hints.

Express the acceleration in terms of quantities given in the problem introduction. ANSWER: = a_1*(m_1/m_2)

3 of 8

02/11/2005 14:27

MasteringPhysics 2.0: Assignment Print View

http://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrint?assignmentI...

To make sure you understand this result, consider the actual gravitational force acting on each star. The magnitude of the gravitational force on either star due to the other one is given by , where is the separation between the stars. . The net external force is , so .

Now, consider Newton's 2nd law for the star of mass

Now consider Newton's 2nd law applied to the star of mass is be , so Newton's 2nd law for the star of mass You can see that the same force, acceleration

. Once again, the net external force acting on this star will . and that for the star of mass . Solving for the is the same for the

, appears in both the equation for the star of mass

. (Think about how this relates to Newton's 3rd law.) You can therefore write you find the equation gravitational force, nor did you need to know or . Newton's 3rd law allows you to realize that , , and . two stars, and Newton's 2nd law allows you to solve for in terms of

. Note that you did not need to know the exact form of the

Friction Force on a Dancer on a Drawbridge

Description: A dancer stands on drawbridge as it opens/closes, changing the angle between gravity and friction. This problem contains conceptual questions to clarify the magnitude of the static/kinetic friction force. A dancer is standing on one leg on a drawbridge that is about to open. The coefficients of static and kinetic friction between the and , respectively. represents the normal force exerted on the dancer by the bridge, drawbridge and the dancer's foot are and represents the gravitational force exerted on the dancer, as shown in the drawing . For all the questions, we can assume

that the bridge is a perfectly flat surface and lacks the curvature characteristic of most bridges. Part A Before the drawbridge starts to open, it is perfectly level with the ground. The dancer is standing still on one leg. What is the x component of the friction force, ?

Hint A.1 What forces are acting? Remember, the coefficient of static friction represents the maximum possible ratio of the frictional and normal forces. The actual magnitude of the static friction may be less if friction and the other forces on the object can cause the observed acceleration. If the program tells you that the variable you think should be in the answer is not recognized (i.e., needed in the answer), think why it might not be required. Express your answer in terms of some or all of the variables , , and/or . ANSWER: = 0

4 of 8

02/11/2005 14:27

MasteringPhysics 2.0: Assignment Print View

http://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrint?assignmentI...

This shows a very important point. When you are not told that an object is slipping or on the verge of slipping, then the friction force is determined using Newton's laws of motion in conjunction with the observed motion and the other forces on the object. Under these circumstances the friction force is or but is otherwise not necessarily related to limited by or . Part B The drawbridge then starts to rise and the dancer continues to stand on one leg. The drawbridge stops just at the point where the dancer of the is on the verge of slipping. What is the magnitude frictional force now?

Hint B.1 Calculating the coefficient of static friction The coefficient of static friction is the ratio of the maximum frictional force over a given normal force before the object starts to slip.

Express your answer in terms of some or all of the variables , , and/or . The angle should not appear in your answer. ANSWER: = n*mu_s

Part C Then, because the bridge is old and poorly designed, it falls a little bit and then jerks. This causes the person to start to slide down the bridge at a constant speed. What is the magnitude of the frictional force now? Express your answer in terms of some or all of the variables answer. ANSWER: = n*mu_k , , and/or . The angle should not appear in your

Part D

5 of 8

02/11/2005 14:27

MasteringPhysics 2.0: Assignment Print View

http://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrint?assignmentI...

The bridge starts to come back down again. The dancer stops sliding. However, again because of the age and design of the bridge it never makes it all the way down; rather it stops half a meter short. This half a meter corresponds to an angle degree (see the diagram, which has the angle exaggerated). What is the force of friction now?

Hint D.1 Analyze gravitational components Decompose the force of gravity into its components parallel and perpendicular to the plane. Since the dancer isn't accelerating, all the forces balance.

Express your answer in terms of some or all of the variables , , , , and/or . ANSWER: theta*F_g sin(theta)*F_g

Kinetic Friction in a Block-and-Pulley System

Description: Two blocks, one on a table and one hanging, are connected by a pulley. Find the kinetic friction for the block on the table knowing that both blocks are moving at a constant speed. Find the magnitude of the acceleration after an additional weight is added. and block B has weight Consider the system shown in the figure . Block A has weight downward motion, it descends at a constant speed. Assume that the mass and friction of the pulley are negligible. Part A Calculate the coefficient of kinetic friction table top. Hint A.1 How to approach the problem In this problem, blocks A and B are in dynamic equilibrium; their velocities are constant. This means that the net force on each, equal to zero. The tension is constant throughout the rope. By setting the sum of the forces acting on both blocks A and B equal to zero, you should be able to obtain two different expressions for the tension in the rope. Set these equal to each other and solve for . Part A.2 Find the net force on block A Write an expression for block A. Express your answer in terms of some or all of the variables (the tension in the rope), and other given variables. Take positive to be to the right. , , the net force acting horizontally on , is between block A and the . Once block B is set into

6 of 8

02/11/2005 14:27

MasteringPhysics 2.0: Assignment Print View

http://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrint?assignmentI...

ANSWER:

= T-mu*w_A

Part A.3 Find the net force on block B Write an expression for B. , the net force acting vertically on block ,

Express your answer in terms of some or all of the variables (the tension in the rope), and other given variables. Take positive to be downward. ANSWER: = w_B-T

ANSWER:

= w_B/w_A

Part B A cat, also of weight its acceleration? Hint B.1 , falls asleep on top of block A. If block B is now set into downward motion, what is the magnitude of

How to approach the problem for each of the blocks,

This problem involves solving two equations with two unknowns. Your two equations are

and your unknowns are , the tension in the rope, and , the magnitude of the acceleration of blocks A and B. (These accelerations are equal because the rope connecting blocks A and B constrains their motion.) Once you have two expressions for , set them equal to each other. Also, note that , solve for the acceleration, and you will have the answer. Hint B.2 Recall that Part B.3 How to find the mass , where is mass, is weight, and is the magnitude of the acceleration due to gravity. . Set both of these variables to

Find the net force on block A , the net force acting on block A in the horizontal direction. (the tension

Find an expression for

Take positive to be to the right. Express your answer in terms of some or all of the given variables and in the rope). Use your answer from Part A for . ANSWER: T-2*w_B

Now solve this equation for Part B.4

Find the net force on block B , the forces acting on block B in the vertical direction. (the tension

Find an expression for

Take positive to be downward. Express your answer in terms of some or all of the given variables and in the rope).

7 of 8

02/11/2005 14:27

MasteringPhysics 2.0: Assignment Print View

http://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrint?assignmentI...

ANSWER:

w_B-T

Now solve this equation for ANSWER:

= g*w_B/(w_B+2*w_A)

Problem 5.36
A box of textbooks of mass 25.4 rests on a loading ramp that makes an angle with the horizontal. The coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.270 and the coefficient of static friction is 0.360 . Part A As the angle ANSWER: is increased, find the minimum angle at which the box starts to slip. arctan(mu_s)*(180/pi)

Part B At this angle, find the acceleration once the box has begun to move. Take the free fall acceleration to be ANSWER: = 9.80 .

g*(sin(arctan(mu_s)) - mu_k*cos(arctan(mu_s)))

Part C At this angle, how fast will the box be moving after it has slid a distance 5.20 Take the free fall acceleration to be ANSWER: = 9.80 . m/s along the loading ramp?

sqrt(2*g*(sin(arctan(mu_s)) - mu_k*cos(arctan(mu_s)))*x)

Summary

0 of 5 problems complete (0% avg. score) 0 of 0 points

8 of 8

02/11/2005 14:27