Name: __________________ Class:____________ Class no:_______ Integrated Science Chapter 8 Making Use of Electricity Rheostat - can change the

e __________________ in a circuit. - can control the size of the________________ in a circuit Sliding Rheostat

A sliding rheostat is connected in series with two dry cells and one light bulb in a circuit.

The wire is connected to terminal B and C. When the sliding contact moves from terminal C to B, 1. the length of resistance wire through which the electric current passes will _decrease____. 2. The resistance of the sliding rheostat _decreases___. 3. The electric current __increases___.

A series circuit

A parallel circuit

Electric current __same_ size of current at different points in the circuit The current in the main loop is the __sum_ of the currents flowing in the branches.

Voltage The voltage in the dry cells are the sum__ of The voltage in the main loop is the same as the
1

the voltages across the bulbs.

voltage in different branches

Name: __________________ Class:____________ Class no:_______ Integrated Science Chapter 8 Making Use of Electricity

Heating effect of electric current When an electric current flows through a conductor, part of the _electrical energy__changes to _heat energy__. The conductor becomes _hot__. __Heat_ is produced in the metal wire when the electric current is _large__. If the circuit is faulty () (e.g. short circuit ), The electric current becomes very_large__, giving out a lot of _heat __. The circuit will become _overheated__(), leading to a fire__.

FUSE()
Short circuit -

A device for _protecting__electric circuits and appliances() from damage by __a large electric current___. How does a fuse work? 1. When _a large current___flows through the fuse,
2. part of the __electrical__ energy changes to _heat_____ energy 3. the fuse wire becomes __very hot_and melt______.

4.
5. This __breaks__ the circuit and stop the _current flow through the circuit___.

Thin metal wire

2A

Fuse rating Fuse rating: the __maximum__current that can flow through the fuse without _melting__ it.
2

Name: __________________ Class:____________ Class no:_______ Integrated Science Chapter 8 Making Use of Electricity

The operating current () of a bulb is 2A. There are 4 fuses whose fuse ratings are 0.5A, 2A, 3A and 5A respectively. 0.5A Which fuse is suitable for protecting the bulb? _3A fuse_____________________________________
2A

5A

3A

REASONS of using 3A fuse: If the fuse rating is slightly _larger_ than the operating current of the bulb (e.g. fuse rating 3A), the fuse _melts_ and _breaks__ the circuit when the electric current is larger than _3A_, so that the bulb cannot be damaged by the large current. WHY NOT 0.5A FUSE??? If the fuse rating is too small (e.g. fuse rating 0.5A), the fuse _melts__and _breaks___the circuit BEFORE the bulb _lights up__. WHY NOT 5A FUSE??? If the fuse rating is too high (e.g. fuse rating 5A), the bulb filament __melts__ before the fuse_melts_. WHY NOT 2A FUSE??? If the fuse rating is the same as the operating current of the bulb (e.g. fuse rating 2A), the fuse may _melt__ and __break___ the circuit when we switch on or off the light. It is because when we switch on or off the light, the electric current come out from the power supply (at that moment) may be slightly_higher_ than the operating current of the bulb.

Circuit breaker( )
- The _consumer units_ () in our home contains many circuit breakers. - When the current is larger than a certain value, the switch in the circuit breaker turns to the _off_ position automatically. This breaks the _circuit____. The circuit can be reconnected by turning the switch to the _on__ position.