LAE Practice Questions 1

SecLlon 1 racLlce CuesLlons 1lme 33 mlnuLes 23 CuesLlons
ulrecLlons 1he quesLlons ln Lhls secLlon are based on Lhe reasonlng conLalned ln brlef sLaLemenLs or
passages lor some quesLlons more Lhan one of Lhe cholces could concelvably answer Lhe quesLlon
Powever you are Lo choose Lhe besLanswer LhaL ls Lhe response LhaL mosL accuraLely and compleLely
answers Lhe quesLlon ?ou should noL make assumpLlons LhaL are by commonsense sLandards
lmplauslble superfluous or lncompaLlble wlLh Lhe passage AfLer you have chosen Lhe besL answer
blacken Lhe correspondlng space on your answer sheeL
1
Sleep SpeclallsL lnsomnla ls a slgn of poLenLlally serlous healLh rlsks and should noL be lgnored
especlally ln women uocLors ofLen dlagnose women wlLh depresslon when ln reallLy Lhey are sufferlng
from lnsomnla as a resulL of sleep apnea Sleep apnea ls a condlLlon ln whlch Lhe sleeper brlefly sLops
breaLhlng and Lhus wakes up repeaLedly durlng Lhe nlghL Lo Lake a breaLh lL ls seldom mlsdlagnosed ln
men because Lhey snore and docLors Lhus recognlze slgns of sleep apnea ln women however docLors
may fall Lo ldenLlfy sleep apnea and lnsLead lean Loward a dlagnosls of depresslon All women who have
recelved a dlagnosls of depresslon should see a female docLor Lo be reevaluaLed for lnsomnla and sleep
apnea
1he reasonlng ln Lhe sleep speclallsL's concluslon ls flawed because lL does whlch of Lhe followlng?
(A) 1he sleep speclallsL clalms LhaL women do noL snore wlLh Lhe resulL LhaL docLors cannoL
ldenLlfy sleep apnea correcLly
(8) 1he sleep speclallsL assumes LhaL Lhe docLors who provlded Lhe false dlagnoses of depresslon
were male
(C) 1he sleep speclallsL falls Lo explaln Lhe healLh rlsks LhaL may come from mlsdlagnosed
lnsomnla
(u) 1he sleep speclallsL lncorrecLly argues LhaL sleep apnea ls a slgn ofdepresslon
(L) 1he sleep speclallsL lgnores oLher causes of sleep apnea and Lhus undermlnes Lhe maln polnL
of Lhe argumenL
2
Adelalde MalnsLream cleanlng supplles are dangerous for people because Lhey conLaln Loxlc chemlcals
such as phosphaLes ?oung chlldren are especlally aL rlsk for asLhma and oLher dlseases from Lhese
alrborne chemlcals plus some of Lhe cleanlng producLs can lmlLaLe esLrogen and cause severe healLh
problems for women naLural cleanlng producLs are safe and effecLlve however so people should
conslder swlLchlng Lo healLhler and more envlronmenLally frlendly cleanlng alLernaLlves
Marcel 8uL naLural cleanlng producLs are noL as sLrong as Lhe malnsLream producLs and ofLen fall Lo
provlde Lhe same level of cleanllness lf parenLs keep Lhe cleanlng producLs ouL of reach Lhe producLs
wlll noL creaLe a serlous rlsk for chlldren And Lhe malnsLream cleanlng producLs are cheaper and Lhus
more economlcal for famllles Lo purchase
Marcel responded Lo Adelalde's argumenL by dolng whlch of Lhe followlng?
(A) lgnorlng Lhe maln polnL LhaL Adelalde ls maklng and redlrecLlng hls focus Lo dlfferenL Loplcs
(8) Cedlng Lhe maln polnL of Adelalde's argumenL buL suggesLlng aproblem LhaL Adelalde falls Lo address
(C) 8elylng on apocryphal and unsupporLed lnformaLlon Lo formulaLe a separaLe argumenL
(u) 8alslng an argumenL LhaL Adelalde does noL clearly address and offerlng an alLernaLlve Lake on Lhe
Loplc LhaL Adelalde ls dlscusslng
(L) Cverlooklng lmporLanL deLalls of Adelalde's argumenL and Lhus falllngLo counLer her clalms wlLh
sufflclenL ob[ecLlons
3
1he 8usslan uomosLroy ls a seL of prlnclples LhaL daLes from Lhe fourLeenLh cenLury and was lnLended Lo
gulde upperclass 8usslans ln Lhe esLabllshmenL of solld famlly llfe 1he uomosLroy uLlllzed quoLes from
Lhe Cld 1esLamenL as well as LradlLlonal 8usslan sLorles 1oday Lhe uomosLroy has sLrongly negaLlve
connoLaLlons due Lo lLs suggesLlons of an excluslvely paLrlarchal Lone and aL leasL Lwo nlneLeenLh
cenLury 8usslan novellsLs referenced lL as a negaLlve feaLure of medleval 8usslan llfe 1he negaLlve
assoclaLlons overlook Lhe slgnlflcance of Lhe uomosLroy however by falllng Lo appreclaLe lLs
lmporLance Lo 8usslan famllles and lLs necesslLy for ensurlng Lhe sLablllLy of Lhe 8usslan merchanL class
Whlch of Lhe followlng besL summarlzes Lhe maln polnL of Lhe passage above?
(A) 1he uomosLroy ls a valuable Lool for scholars who are sLudylng medleval famlly llfe ln fourLeenLh
cenLury 8ussla

(8) 1he uomosLroy was once an lmporLanL feaLure of llfe among upper class 8usslans buL now has clear
negaLlve connoLaLlons
C) 1he uomosLroy was parLlcularly odlous Lo nlneLeenLhcenLury 8usslan novellsLs who were eager Lo
leave medleval expecLaLlons of 8usslan famlly llfe ln Lhe pasL
(u) 1he uomosLroy conLalned references and advlce LhaL were useful only Lo Lhe upper classes ln
fourLeenLhcenLury 8ussla
(L) 1he uomosLroy has negaLlve connoLaLlons now buL may be valued for lLs conLrlbuLlon Lo Lhe survlval
of a merchanL class ln 8ussla

Slnce 1978 Lhe Pawallan green LurLle has been llsLed among endangered specles ln Lhe nlneLeenLh
cenLury and ln Lhe early parL of Lhe LwenLleLh cenLury Lhe Pawallan green LurLle was consldered a
dellcacy and was frequenLly caughL for lLs value as a luxury food lLem lLs shell and oLher nonedlble
feaLures were also consldered valuable on Lhe open markeL 1oday Lhe green LurLle ls heavlly proLecLed
and Lhere are sLrlcL laws agalnsL capLurlng or harmlng Lhe large LurLles 1he green LurLles remaln on Lhe
endangered specles llsL however and Lhere are slgns LhaL LurLle populaLlon ls noL lncreaslng as qulckly
as had been hoped he green LurLle
Whlch of Lhe followlng besL explalns Lhe anomaly of Lhe ongolng dlmlnlshmenL of Lhe green LurLle
populaLlon ln splLe of Lhe endangered specles sLaLus?
(A) 1he Pawallan green LurLle ls omnlvorous buL has laLely been forced Lo llve prlmarlly as a vegeLarlan
(8) 1he Pawallan green LurLle ls known for lLs very long llfe wlLh females llvlng up Lo 730 years buL lL
has noL been llvlng as long ln recenL years
(C) 1he Pawallan green LurLle has faced problems among lLs specles such as Lumors LhaL LargeL Lhe
young LurLles ln parLlcular
(u) 1he Pawallan green LurLle navlgaLes lLs mlgraLlon hablLs based on ocean currenLs and Lhe onseL of
global warmlng has alLered Lhe LradlLlonal currenLs
(L) 1he ghosL crab ls a LradlLlonal predaLor of Lhe Pawallan green LurLle haLchllngs aL Lhelr nesLlng slLes
ln Lhe lrench lrlgaLe Shoals
CuesLlons 3 and 6 refer Lo Lhe followlng passage
1he 1936 norLh Amerlcan heaL wave remalns one of Lhe hoLLesL and mosL desLrucLlve on record causlng
serlous envlronmenLal and economlc problems 8eglnnlng ln !une of 1936 and lasLlng only Lhrough Lhe
summer LemperaLures rose sharply across Lhe unlLed SLaLes aLLacklng Lhe MldwesL and SouLhwesL ln
parLlcular Lven ln Canada sclenLlsLs recorded dangerously hlgh LemperaLures Alr condlLloners dld noL
have common dlsLrlbuLlon ln homes and buslnesses unLll some years laLer and Lhe heaLrelaLed deaLhs
rose Lo upwards of 3000 people noL surprlslngly Lhe heaL caused problems for Lhe mosL vulnerable
members of socleLy 1he LemperaLures were so hlgh ln facL LhaL Lhe soll was depleLed of necessary
bacLerla and Lhe crops wlLhered away leavlng a serlous shorLage of corn and wheaL 1he droughL LhaL
accompanled Lhe heaL wave sLrlpped Lhe soll of all nuLrlenLs and Lhe upper layers of Lhe soll qulLe
llLerally blew away developlng lnLo serlous dusL sLorms ln Lhe MldwesL

3
Whlch of Lhe followlng may be assumed sLrlcLly based on Lhe lnformaLlon provlded ln Lhe passage
above?
(A) 1he heaL wave of 1936 damaged Lhe crops serlously buL Lhe LemperaLures reLurned Lo normal Lhe
nexL year so farmers dld noL have problems wlLh Lhe crops ln 1937
(8) 1he LemperaLures dld noL rlse as hlgh ln Canada as Lhey dld ln Lhe unlLed SLaLes and Lhus Lhe
damage ln Canada was noL as exLreme as lL was ln Lhe unlLed SLaLes
(C) lL ls cerLaln LhaL fewer people would have dled ln Lhe 1936 heaL wave had alr condlLloners been
common ln homes
(u) 1he problems from Lhe heaL wave of 1936 were exacerbaLed because Lhe unlLed SLaLes was ln Lhe
mldsL of Lhe CreaL uepresslon
(L) 8ecause of Lhe damage Lo Lhe crops from Lhe heaL wave ln 1936 prlces of crops such as corn and
wheaL rose very hlgh
6
All of Lhe followlng may be assumed from Lhe lnformaLlon ln Lhe passage above LxCL1
(A) 1he LemperaLures noLed durlng Lhe norLh Amerlcan heaL wave of 1936 remaln some of Lhe hlghesL
ever recorded
(8) 8ecause exLremely hoL summers generally follow very cold wlnLers Lhe wlnLer of 1936 remalns one
of Lhe coldesL on record
(C) 1he unusually hlgh LemperaLures durlng Lhe 1936 heaL wave ceased Lo be a problem by CcLober of
1936
(u) 8y kllllng essenLlal bacLerla LhaL Lhe soll needed Lo remaln lnLacL Lhe heaL lefL Lhe upper layers of Lhe
soll vulnerable Lo wlnd
(L) 1he heaL had Lhe blggesL lmpacL on Lhe very old and Lhe very young among oLhers

7
sychologlsL vlolence ln vldeo games can have a severe effecL on chlldren even lmpelllng Lhem Lowards
commlLLlng vlolenL acLs A recenL sLudy lndlcaLed an lncldenL ln whlch an elevenyearold boy played a
vldeo game LhaL conLalned excesslve lmages of vlolence and Lhen he perpeLraLed a vlolenL crlme slmllar
Lo Lhe one porLrayed ln Lhe vldeo game vlolenL vldeo games Lhen lead Lo vlolence among chlldren and
Lhey should be carefully resLrlcLed
1he weakness ln Lhe psychologlsL's argumenL ls slmllar Lo Lhe weakness ln whlch of Lhe followlng
examples of reasonlng?
(A) A homeschooled sLudenL has won Lhe naLlonal spelllng bee due Lo Lhe excellenL educaLlon recelved
aL home 1herefore homeschoollng ls shown Lo be a valld form of educaLlon and all homeschooled
sLudenLs may be expecLed Lo excel
(8) A popular home decoraLlng program offers excellenL dolLyourself Llps for Lhose who would llke Lo
decoraLe Lhelr own homes wlLhouL employlng an expenslve deslgner 1herefore all homeowners
plannlng Lo redecoraLe can uLlllze Lhe resources of Lhls program Lo decoraLe Lhelr homes
(C) A unlverslLy known for lLs sLrong program for Lralnlng elemenLary school Leachers has over 200
sLudenLs graduaLed and ready Lo enLer Lhe school sysLem uue Lo Lhe value of Lhe skllls provlded ln Lhe
unlverslLy's program Lhe school sysLem can expecL LhaL all of Lhe graduaLes wlll make excellenL
Leachers
(u) A wellknown celebrlLy has experlenced poslLlve resulLs from Laklng a raLher quesLlonable
supplemenL noL yeL approved by Lhe luA uue Lo Lhe slgnlflcance of Lhe celebrlLy's resulLs our
nuLrlLlonal supplemenL company wlll begln sLocklng Lhls producL
(L) SLudles show LhaL muslc classes broaden Lhe mlnds of sLudenLs and provlde lncreased awareness for
oLher sub[ecLs 1herefore schools should begln addlng muslc classes Lo Lhe currlculum Lo beneflL
sLudenLs
8
ollLlcal changes have had a slgnlflcanL lmpacL on Lhe arL of Lhe CommunlsL counLry of norLh korea
Larly arL forms were domlnaLed by lnfluences from Lhe SovleL unlon and Chlna buL Loday norLh korean
arL lndlcaLes a more relevanL culLural lnfluence from lLs own revoluLlonary maLerlal lllms and sporLs
have proven Lo be Lhe mosL popular forms Cn Lhe oLher hand norLh korean arLlsLs who fled norLh
korea and relocaLed Lo Lurope and Lhe unlLed SLaLes have conLlnued Lo produce arL LhaL lndlcaLes
ouLslde lnfluences Many of Lhese arLlsLs have melded Lhelr own LradlLlonal Lechnlques and lmages and
wlLh Lhose of WesLern arLlsLs Lo produce arL LhaL ls a unlque comblnaLlon of LasL and WesL 1he norLh
korean expaLrlaLes are parLlcularly known for LurbulenL lmages of landscapes
1he auLhor of Lhe passage above suggesLs whlch of Lhe followlng abouL early norLh korean arL?

(A) All early norLh korean arL was prlmarlly pollLlcal ln lLs Loplc and focus
(8) unllke Lhe arLlsLs who have lefL norLh korea and moved Lo Lhe WesL arLlsLs remalnlng ln norLh korea
do noL palnL landscapes
(C) norLh korean arL lnlLlally Look lLs cue from oLher CommunlsL sLaLes unLll lL developed lLs own arLlsLlc
LradlLlons
(u) lL Look many decades of lmlLaLlng Lhe arLlsLlc Lechnlques of oLher culLures for norLh korean arLlsLs Lo
generaLe a unlquely norLh korean sLyle
(L) norLh korean arLlsLlc Lechnlques are unllke any ln Lhe world Lhus maklng lL dlfflculL for norLh korean
arLlsLs Lo formulaLe a sLyle for Lhe early norLh korean sLaLe
9
A famlly ls looklng lnLo purchaslng and lnsLalllng solar panels aL Lhelr home ln order Lo apply an
alLernaLlve energy resource and Lhus reduce Lhelr energy bllls 1he solar panels sLore up sunllghL each
day and converL lL Lo energy for Lhe home wlLh Lhe more sunllghL absorbed creaLlng a surplus of energy
for Lhe home and offseLLlng energy bllls AL presenL however Lhe cosL of lnvesLlng ln solar panels ls
comparaLlvely greaLer Lhan Lhe reLurn lnvesLmenL ln decreased energy bllls 8ecause of Lhe expense LhaL
ls requlred Lo produce and markeL Lhe solar panels Lhe lnlLlal cosL can someLlmes Lake more Lhan a
decade Lo reallze ln energy cosL advanLage 1he famlly ls sLlll plannlng on lnvesLlng ln Lhe solar panels
however bellevlng LhaL Lhey wlll see a reLurn falrly qulckly
8ased on Lhe lnformaLlon conLalned wlLhln Lhe passage whlch of Lhe followlng lf Lrue mosL supporLs
Lhe declslon by Lhe famlly Lo lnvesL ln solar panels?
(A) 1he governmenL ls now offerlng lncenLlves Lo homeowners who lnvesL ln solar panels
(8) Coal ls belleved Lo be Lhe mosL lnexpenslve source of energy and producers expecL Lo see a drop ln
coal prlces soon
(C) Slllcon ls a chlef proponenL of solar panels for many manufacLurers and slllcon producLlon ls
expecLed Lo rlse conslderably wlLhln Lhe nexL few monLhs
(u) WlLh Lhe sharp rlse ln energy cosLs consumer demand for solar panels has lncreased qulckly wlLh
several new manufacLurers Lo begln producLlon soon
(L) 1he famlly llves ln SouLhern Callfornla where Lhey recelve a large amounL of sunllghL each day

10
uesplLe Lhe sLrlcL soclal sLrucLure of medleval socleLy Lhe medleval pllgrlmage made famous by
Ceoffrey Chaucer's 1he CanLerbury 1ales provlded an opporLunlLy Lo lower Lhe soclal bar uurlng Lhe
pllgrlmage all of Lhe pllgrlms were expecLed Lo remaln LogeLher ln Lhe same lnn durlng a break ln Lhe
[ourney All Lalked LogeLher and all worshlpped LogeLher ln Chaucer's vlslon of Lhe pllgrlmage each of
Lhe pllgrlms ls asked Lo Lell four Lales wlLh Lhe wlnner declded by popular voLe Soclal sLandlng was noL
a prerequlslLe for a good sLory and each had equal rlghL Lo Lhe reward neverLheless 1he CanLerbury
1ales also lndlcaLes LhaL Lhe soclal sLrucLure dld noL dlsappear enLlrely on Lhe pllgrlmage each of Lhe
pllgrlms ls lnlLlally lnLroduced by order of soclal poslLlonfrom Lhe knlghL Lo Lhe parsonand Lhe Lales
are Lold ln Lhe order of lnLroducLlon Whlle Chaucer's accounL ls largely flcLlonal Lhe hlsLorlclLy of hls
presenLaLlon remalns unchallenged
Whlch of Lhe followlng besL summarlzes Lhe maln polnL of Lhe passage above?
(A) Chaucer's 1he CanLerbury 1ales records Lhe deLalls of medleval pllgrlmages auLhenLlcally
(8) 1he pllgrlmage provlded an opporLunlLy for soclal barrlers Lo vanlsh however Lemporarlly durlng Lhe
Mlddle Ages
(C) As lndlcaLed ln durlng 1he CanLerbury 1ales sLoryLelllng was a LradlLlonal means of pollLe
enLerLalnmenL durlng Lhe medleval pllgrlmage
(u) 1he medleval pllgrlmage presenLed an opporLunlLy for a relaxed soclal sLrucLure buL as 1he
CanLerbury 1ales lndlcaLes Lhls soclal sLrucLure dld noL cease Lo funcLlon alLogeLher
(L) 1he medleval pllgrlmage offered a chance for people from all walks of llfe Lo [oln LogeLher ln a
common acLlvlLy regardless of soclal poslLlon
11
1he mlsLral ls a powerful kaLabaLlc wlnd LhaL sweeps Lhrough parLs of Lurope annually and conLrlbuLes
Lo Lhe cllmaLe of rovene a large reglon ln Lhe SouLh of lrance kaLabaLlc wlnds are creaLed by Lhe
confluence of hlghe
pressure sysLems and lowpressure sysLems when Lhe comblnaLlon of Lhese sysLems moves downward
from a hlgher elevaLlon and pushes forcefully Lhrough a lower elevaLlon 1hese wlnds are mosL noLable
around mounLalnous areas developlng lnLo Lhe very powerful blasLs LhaL come off Lhe mounLaln slopes
ln Lurope Lhe helghL of Lhe Alps ln comblnaLlon wlLh Lhe hlghpressure wlnds off Lhe norLh ALlanLlc and
Lhe lowpressure wlnds off Lhe MedlLerranean creaLe Lhe formldable mlsLral LhaL usually blowsLhrough
rovene ln Lhe wlnLer forclng Lhe people of LhaL reglon Lo adapLbellLowers remaln open ln rovene
and houses face souLh AL Lhe same Llme Lhe alr ln rovene ls comparaLlvely clear and Lhe people
generally face fewer resplraLory problems

1he sLaLemenLs made ln Lhe passage above lmply whlch of Lhe followlng abouL Lhe mlsLral?

(A) 1he powerful wlnds of Lhe mlsLral blow lmpurlLles and polluLlon ouL
(8)
of Lhe alr leavlng lL clean1here are kaLabaLlc wlnds llke Lhe mlsLral around any mounLaln chaln and Lhe
people who llve ln mounLalnous areas musL learn Lo adapL Lo
(C)
Lhe powerful wlndskaLabaLlc wlnds are unlque Lo Lhe SouLh of lrance because of Lhe
(u)
speclflc geophyslcal feaLures of LhaL parL of Lurope 1he mlsLral ls so power
ful LhaL lL ls known Lo damage sLrucLures frequenLly requlrlng adapLaLlon ln consLrucLlon

(L) 1he mlsLral blows Lhrough mosL of Lurope buL lL ls sLrongesL ln rovene
12
1he Acholl are a LradlLlonal agrlculLural people naLlve Lo norLhern uganda wlLh culLure and LradlLlons
LhaL are dlfferenL from Lhose of Lhe people of SouLhern uganda Lhe 8aganda Whlle Lhe Acholl have
always been farmersLhe 8aganda bullL up a monarchy and clLles over a perlod of cenLurles When Lhe
8rlLlsh colonlsLs arrlved ln uganda Lhey chose Lo uLlllze Lhe Acholl as a labor force and for lowerranklng
mlllLary purposes whlle Lhey seLLled Lhelr prlmary colonles ln Lhe more famlllar pollLlcal esLabllshmenL
of SouLhern uganda 1oday SouLhern uganda remalns heavlly developed and lndusLrlallzed whlle
norLhern uganda sLruggles wlLh reglonallzed confllcLs and has been warLorn for many decades
1he passage suggesLs whlch of Lhe followlng abouL Lhe Acholl people ln norLhern uganda?

CopyrlghL LSA11esLCuesLlonscom LSA1 ls a reglsLered Lrademark of Lhe LawSchool Admlsslon Councll
(LSAC) LSAC ls noL assoclaLed wlLh Lhese unofflclal pracLlce quesLlons

(A)
1he monarchy of Lhe 8aganda people ln SouLhern uganda uLlllzed Lhe Acholl people as a labor force and
as soldlers for Lhe mlllLary
(8)
1he 8rlLlsh vlewed Lhe llfesLyle of Lhe 8aganda people as superlor Lo LhaL of Lhe Acholl due Lo Lhe
8aganda's developmenL of clLles and a monarchy sysLem
(C) 8ecause Lhe Acholl people have LradlLlonally been farmers Lhey were unfamlllar wlLh war unLll Lhe
8rlLlsh arrlved
(u)
1he 8rlLlsh are enLlrely responslble for Lhe wars LhaL conLlnue Lo plague Lhe Acholl people of SouLhern
uganda
(L) 1he Acholl people welcomed Lhe opporLunlLy Lo abandon LhelrLradlLlonal agrlculLural llfesLyle wlLh
Lhe arrlval of Lhe 8rlLlsh
13
1he ma[orlLy of llngulsLlc scholars recognlze LhaL language wlll lnevlLably evolve over Llme WhaL causes
Lhls change however ls Lhe sub[ecL of greaLdebaLe Cne respecLed scholar clalms LhaL lL ls Lhe
colloqulal or nonsLandard usages wlLhln a language LhaL drlve lLs change and developmenL ln oLher
words lL ls noL formal speech buL raLher slang LhaL acLs as a caLalysL for language evoluLlon CLher
scholars argue LhaL lL ls geographlcal lsolaLlon LhaL leads Lo Lhe formaLlon of one language and lL ls Lhe
evenLual mlngllng wlLh oLher languages and gradual globallzaLlon LhaL cause languages Lo evolve and
perhaps even Lo merge lnLo a slngle language
1he passage supporLs whlch of Lhe followlng clalms?

(A) Colloqulal and nonsLandard usages have been recognlzed asslgnlflcanL facLors ln language evoluLlon
(8) LlngulsLlc scholars wlll probably never be able Lo come Lo agreemenLabouL whaL conLrlbuLes Lo
language evoluLlon

(C)
WlLh Lhe advenL of globallzaLlon dlfferenL languages wlll ulLlmaLely dlsappear and fuse lnLo one

(u) All languages have a common orlgln and have gradually evolved lnLo lndlvldual languages due Lo
geographlcal lsolaLlon
(L) 8egardless of Lhe reason for language evoluLlon languages are recognlzed Lo be dynamlc and wlll noL
remaln sLaLlc
1
Small 8ooksLore Cwner Cnllne merchanLs lncludlng onllne booksellers are puLLlng small local shops
ouL of buslness Lhrough arLlflclally low prlces LhaL smaller buslnesses cannoL malnLaln 1hese local
buslnesses such as Lhe local booksLore LhaL l own have always been an lmporLanL parL of Lhe
communlLy and have L
gaLher radlLlonally offered a place for members of Lhe communlLy Lo

ln a safe neuLral place for dlscusslon lL would be a mlsLake Lo allowLhese lmporLanL feaLures of
communlLy llfe Lo dlsappear slmply because lLems are cheaper Lo purchase onllne ClLlzens should
demand LhaL resLrlcLlons should be placed on onllne merchanLs Lo prevenL Lhe eradlcaLlon of local small
buslnesses

1he small buslness owner's reasonlng abouL Lhe lmporLance of small local

(A)buslnesses ls based on whlch of Lhe followlng assumpLlons? 1he value of communlLy llfe provlded by
small buslnesses ouLwelghsLhe exLra cosL LhaL Lhe small local sLore owners musL charge for
merchandlse

(8) 1he ma[orlLy shlfL Lo onllne purchaslng ls noL lnevlLable lf consumers reLurn Lo purchaslng mosL lLems
ln small local sLores
(C)
1he arLlflclally hlgh prlces of small local sLores are [usLlfled due Lo Lhe overhead cosLs of sLoreowners
(u) 1he small local booksLores provlde a beLLer venue for communlLy llfe Lhan oLher locaLlons and
should Lhus be reLalned even lf oLher small shops fall

(L) 1he governmenL ls enLlrely responslble for keeplng small localbuslnesses allve ln a communlLy
13
!ohan Clobal warmlng has been sold Lo Lhe general populaLlon as a serlous LhreaL buL ln reallLy Lhere ls
very llLLle sclenLlflc proof LhaL Lhe earLh ls experlenclng anyLhlng more Lhan normal cllmaLe change over
long perlods of Llme 1here ls sclenLlflc LruLh Lo Lhe argumenL LhaL Lhe cllmaLe ls changlng and LhaL Lhe
earLh ls sllghLly warmer now Lhan lL was several decades ago buL Lhere ls no proof LhaL Lhls ls due Lo
human acLlvlLy or Lo envlronmenLalpolluLanLs ln reallLy Lhe earLh experlences gradual cllmaLe shlfLs
LhaL resulL ln warmer and cooler cllmaLes We are currenLly ln one of Lhose shlfLs
Andrlan lL ls lmposslble Lo belleve LhaL governmenLs would spend bllllons of dollars on research Lo
prevenL global warmlng lf lL were sclenLlflcally proven Lo be a case of normal cllmaLe change MosL
sclenLlsLs seem Lo agree LhaL LheearLh's cllmaLe ls changlng and glven Lhe ouLpuL of polluLlon from
manklnd lL sLands Lo reason LhaL Lhe polluLlon has effecLed some cllmaLe change

Whlch of Lhe followlng besL characLerlzes Andrlan's response Lo !ohan's

argumenL?(A) Andrlan lgnores Lhe subsLance of !ohan's argumenL and lnsLead
dellvers an ad homlnem or personal aLLack agalnsL !ohan
(8)(C) Andrlan relles on faulLy evldence Lo back up hls rebuLLal Lo !ohan Andrlan dlspuLes

Lhe sLarLlng polnL of !ohan's argumenL buL falls Lo address Lhe evldence LhaL !ohan uses ln supporL

(u)
Andrlan focuses only on one parL of !ohan's argumenL buL does noL sufflclenLly challenge Lhe second
parL of !ohan's argumenL

(L)
Andrlan aLLacks a secondary polnL of !ohan's argumenL buL does noL counLer Lhe maln polnL effecLlvely

16
A pharmaceuLlcal company has come under publlc scruLlny for manufacLurlng a conLroverslal drug 1esLs
lndlcaLe LhaL Lhe drug provldes Lhe adverLlsed resulLs buL Lhere are poLenLlally serlous slde effecLs LhaL
clearly ouLwelgh Lhe poslLlve resulLs AfLer exLenslve furLher LesLlng Lhe CLC of Lhe pharmaceuLlcal
company has announced LhaL Lhe drug ls now safe WlLh Lhe approval of Lhe luA our new drug may
now be markeLed and sold Lo hosplLals around Lhe counLry Lo respond Lo a serlous medlcal problem LhaL
docLors have been unable Lo address effecLlvely before now"
Whlch of Lhe followlng lf Lrue mosL serlously calls lnLo quesLlon Lhe

(A)pharmaceuLlcal company's clalm LhaL Lhelr drug ls now safe? 8ecords lndlcaLe LhaL Lhe
pharmaceuLlcal company has lled ln Lhe pasLabouL Lhe safeLy of conLroverslal drugs LhaL lL has
manufacLured

(8) 1he pharmaceuLlcal company ls recelvlng a large governmenL granL Lo
(C)
enable lLs lmprovemenL of Lhe drug1he board of Lhe pharmaceuLlcal company ls currenLly under federal
lnvesLlgaLlon for charges of markeLlng f
(u) A compeLlLor pharmaceuLlcal company ls raud he process of
ln LmanufacLurlng a drug LhaL wlll offer slmllar resulLs buL wlLhouL Lhe slde effecLs

(L) 1he luA approval requlred Lhe alLerlng of cerLaln lngredlenLs wlLhln Lhe conLroverslal drug and Lhere
ls no evldence LhaL Lhe company made Lhe changes
17
8alleL lnsLrucLor 1he CeccheLLl sLyle developed by Lnrlco CeccheLLl ln lLaly remalns Lhe puresL meLhod
of classlcal balleL Whlle we acknowledge Lhe value of Lhe 8usslan vaganova meLhod and Lhe lrench
sLyle of dance our sLudlo uLlllzes Lhe CeccheLLl meLhod because of lLs use of conslsLenL Leachlng

and sLrong Lechnlcal preparaLlon 1he dally reglme of slmllarlLy ln pracLlce and repeLlLlon ln sLeps ylelds
Lhe sLrongesL resulLs and we belleve LhaLwlll ulLlmaLely provlde a basls of solld Lechnlque lrom Lhere
dancers are Lhls
able Lo develop personal arLlsLry ln Lhelr performance As a resulL we proudly offer classes ln Lhe
CeccheLLl sLyle and many of our dancers have gone on Lo pursue professlonal careers

ln maklng Lhe argumenL abouL Lhe value of Lhe CeccheLLl sLyle Lhe balleLlnsLrucLor assumes whlch of Lhe
followlng?

(A) 1he 8usslan vaganova meLhod and Lhe lrench sLyle are boLh lnferlor Lo Lhe CeccheLLl meLhod of
Leachlng
(8) 1he besL professlonal dancers ln Lhe world have been Lralned ln LheCeccheLLl meLhod
(C) ueveloplng sLrong Lechnlque ls more lmporLanL Lhan developlng arLlsLry ln dancers
(u)
lndlvfoundaLlon of sLrong dual arLlsLc sLyle ls developed besL when bullL upon a llLechnlque
(L)
All balleL schools should shlfL Lhelr Leachlng sLyles Lo Lhe CeccheLLl meLhod ln order Lo produce Lhe
sLrongesL Lechnlcal dancers

18
unlque Lo Lhe reglon of 8rlLLany ln norLhern lrance Lhe 8reLon language descended from Lhe famlly of
CelLlc languages known as 8ryLhonlc 1heselanguages lnclude Welsh and Lhe nowobsoleLe language of
Cornlsh AfLer Lhe AngloSaxon seLLlemenL of 8rlLaln many of Lhe 8ryLhonlc peoples relocaLed Lo Wales
Lo Cornwall and across Lhe Lngllsh Channel Lo 8rlLLany lor a Llme durlng Lhe Mlddle Ages 8reLon
funcLloned as a sLaLus language for Lhose Lravellng beLween 8rlLaln and Armorlca (or 8rlLLany) AfLer Lhe
LwelfLh cenLury lrench became Lhe offlclal language of all lrance lncludlng 8rlLLany and Lhe 8reLon
language slowly dled ouL 1here are currenL aLLempLs Lo

revlve lL buL Lo llLLle avall and Lhe lrench governmenL has conslsLenLly refused requesLs Lo add lL as an
offlclal language wlLhln lrance

(A)Whlch of Lhe followlng besL summarlzes Lhe maln polnL of Lhe passage? 1he 8reLon language was
once an ellLe language buL has losL much oflLs sLaLus slnce Lhe Mlddle Ages

(8) lormerly an lmporLanL language beLween 8rlLaln and norLhern lrance 8reLon has decllned over
Llme desplLe aLLempLs Lo revlve lL
(C) Clven lLs hlsLorlcal lmporLance as a language of unlLy beLween lrance and Lngland Lhe lrench
governmenL should recognlze 8reLon
(u)
offlclally
1here have b
buL lL ls rap een a varleLy of aLLempLs Lo revlve Lhe 8reLon language ldly on Lhe decllne due prlmarlly Lo
Lhe lrench governmenL's refusal Lo recognlze lL

(L)
Clven Lhe facL LhaL 8reLon ls a slsLer language Lo Welsh and Cornlsh Lhe naLlve 8reLon speakers ln
norLhern lrance are essenLlally CelLlc
CuesLlons 19 and 20 refer Lo Lhe followlng passage


ln 1997 Colorado docLor SLeven 8raLman colned Lhe Lrefer Lo an eaLlng dlsorder ln whlch Lhe sufferer
has an unhealLhy addlcLlon Lo erm orLhorexla nervosa Lo
consumlng only healLhy foods for Lhe purpose of achlevlng a hollsLlc llfesLyleAccordlng Lo ur 8raLman
who acLually suffered many sympLoms of Lhe condlLlon Lhose who develop orLhorexla nervosa do noL
begln Lhe road Lo an eaLlng dlsorder ln Lhe same way LhaL Lhose sufferlng from anorexla nervosa or
bullmla do lnsLead Lhey begln wlLh Lhe besL of lnLenLlons as Lhey pursue Lhe healLhlesL dleL
posslbleAlong Lhe way however Lhelr pursulL of healLh can develop lnLo a dangerous obsesslon LhaL
ulLlmaLely harms Lhe body more Lhan lL helps and Lhose wlLh orLhorexla nervosa suffer from an eaLlng
dlsorder as serlous as anorexla nervosa or bullmla AL presenL orLhorexla nervosa ls noL offlclally
recognlzed as an eaLlng

dlsorder among Lhe medlcal communlLy buL ln Lhe lasL decade more docLors have come Lo recognlze
Lhe leglLlmacy and serlousness of Lhls condlLlon

19
(A)1he passage supporLs whlch of Lhe followlng clalms? CrLhorexla nervosa ls a more serlous condlLlon
Lhan anorexla nervosa or bullmla because Lhe sufferer beglns wlLh Lhe good lnLenLlon of
(8)
consumlng a healLhy dleL8ecause lL ls noL currenLly recognlzed as an offlclal eaLlng dlsorder orLhorexla
nervosa should noL be lncluded under lnsurance coverage aL Lhls Llme
(C)
Clven Lhe serlousness of Lhe condlLlon orLhorexla nervosa should be classlfled as an eaLlng dlsorder
alongslde anorexla nervosa and bullmla
(u)
8ecause sufferers of orLhorexla nervosa begln Lhelr condlLlon ln Lhe pursulL of a hollsLlc llfesLyle Lhrough
Lhe healLhlesL posslble dleL Lhe condlLlon does have some beneflLs
(L)
1he causes and problems assoclaLed wlLh orLhmore medlcal research before lL can be offlc lorexla
nervosa requlre
ally classlfled as an eaLlng dlsorder

20
(A)Whlch of Lhe followlng may be lnferred from Lhe passage above? 1he example of ur SLeven 8raLman
suggesLs LhaL orLhorexla nervosa ls more common among professlonals Lhan among any oLher

(8)
demographlc1he lncrease ln Lhe number of docLors who now recognlze orLhorexlanervosa lndlcaLes
LhaL Lhe medlcal communlLy ls comlng Lo acknowledge Lhe condlLlon

(C) unllke oLher eaLlng dlsorders orLhorexla nervosa ls more of a problem among adulLs who are
concerned wlLh eaLlng well Lhan
(u)
among Leens concerned wlLh belng Lhln WlLh Lhe advenL of lncreased lnLeresL ln healLhy and hollsLlc
llfesLyles orLhorexla nervosa has only manlfesLed lLself as an eaLlng dlsorder lnLhe lasL few decades
(L)
1he medlcal communlLy ln general ls reslsLanL Lo Lhe ldea of recognlzlng orLhorexla nervosa as an eaLlng
dlsorder and only a few docLors dlagnose lL
21
1hough unlversally popular and worn every day by women around Lheworld perfume ls known Lo have
several poLenLlally serlous healLh rlsks 1he ma[orlLy of perfumes conLaln chemlcals such as eLhyl aceLaLe
and aceLone boLh of whlch are recognlzed as resplraLory allergens AL Lhe same Llme Lhe ma[orlLy of
allerglc reacLlons Lo perfumes manlfesL Lhemselves ln skln lrrlLaLlons and ln some cases severe Loplcal
problems Llnalool a suspecLed skln allergen ls a perfume lngredlenL buL lL ls almosL never used ln Lhe
formLhaL causes Loplcal reacLlons ln perfume wearers
Whlch of Lhe followlng helps Lo resolve Lhe apparenL confllcL beLween Lhe
(A)chemlcal lngredlenLs of perfume and Lhe manlfesLaLlon of skln allergles? 1he lnhalaLlon of chemlcals
LhaL are frequenLly used ln perfumes can

cause skln lrrlLaLlon

(8)
SclenLlsLs have recenLly dlscovered a chemlcal comblnaLlon LhaL wlll enable perfume makers Lo use non
allergenlc lngredlenLs
(C)
When comblned wlLh anLloxldanLs llnalool does noL manlfesL lLself as a skln allergen ln perfumes

(u) very few people are acLually allerglc Lo perfume so severe allerglc reacLlons Lo perfume are rare

(L) MosL perfumes conLaln elLher eLhyl aceLone or aceLaLe buL noL boLh ln comblnaLlon
22
Amerlcan auLhor CerLrude SLeln l generaLlon a losL generaLlon ls credlLed wlLh labellng Lhe posLWorld
War
" Cver Llme Lhe phrase came Lo refer ln parLLo Lhe generaLlon of wrlLers who came Lo llLerary maLurlLy
afLer Lhe war LlLerary scholars have noLlced a Lrend among Lhese wrlLers 1he end of World War l
faclllLaLed a Lurn ln Lhe llLerary consclousness and a deflnlLe movemenL Loward modernlsm ln llLeraLure
ofLen noLable for Lhrowlng off Lhe resLralnLs of LradlLlon and conveylng an overall sense of empLlness
and lndlfference Modern llLeraL

noL yeL flrmly esLabllshed AnoLure had been developlng prlor Lo Lhe war buL was

her scholar however has also noLed an unexpecLed Lrend posLWorld War l auLhors have produced
more fanLasy llLeraLure Lhan any oLher generaLlon ln hlsLory

Whlch of Lhe followlng may be lnferred from Lhe sLaLemenLs made ln Lhe

(A)passage above?
osLWorld War l llLeraLure ls among Lhe bleakesL and mosL apaLheLlc ln all of llLerary hlsLory

(8) All posLWorld War l auLhors re[ecLed Lhe LradlLlons of Lhe pasL Lo embrace nonLradlLlonal forms of
llLeraLure
(C)
LlLeraLure became Lhe prlmary ouLleL of frusLraLed veLerans who had
(u)
experlenced Lhe horrors of World War l8elaLlvely few soldlers survlved World War l and Lhose who dld
were greaLly alLered by Lhe experlence
(L) 1he experlences of World War l prompLed many auLhors LllLerary forms LhaL were noL as common
before Lhe war o Lurn Lo

23
AfLer Lhe publlcaLlon of Crlgln of Specles Charles uarwln senL a copy Lo hls frlend and former LuLor
Adam Sedgwlck an early geologlsL who sLrenuously opposed Lhe ldea of naLural selecLlon Sedgwlck's
response Lo uarwln was boLh cauLlous and klnd he encouraged hls frlend and oneLlme pupll Lo beware
of embraclng naLural selecLlon and clalmed LhaL Lhe Lheory had no sclenLlflc proof Lo back lL up ln a
laLer leLLer Lo anoLher frlend however Sedgwlck was far more candld abouL hls vlews Pe clalmed Lo be
appalled by uarwln's Lheorles and sLaLed forLhrlghLly LhaL Lhey were wlLhouL a doubL unLrue and even
dangerous
8ased on Lhe lnformaLlon provlded ln Lhe passage whlch of Lhe followlng besL accounLs for Lhe
dlfference ln Lone beLween Sedgwlck's leLLer Lo uarwln and hls laLer leLLer Lo a frlend?

(A) Sedgwlck was a noLorlous flaLLerer and was more lnLeresLed ln malnLalnlng hls frlendshlp wlLh
uarwln Lhan ln Lelllng hlm Lhe LruLh abouL hls own vlews
(8)
uarwln was acqualnLed wlLh Lhe reclplenL of Sedgwlck's leLLer buL Sedgwlck was noL aware of Lhls and
dld noL know LhaL uarwln would flnd ouL evenLually
(C) Sedgwlck became angrler abouL Lhe popularlLy of uarwln's Lheorles over Llme and chose Lo venL hls
feellngs ln Lhe laLer leLLer
(u) Sedgwlck was heslLanL Lo use hls poslLlon as a former Leacher ln order
(L)
Lo chlde uarwln so openlyuarwln's response Lo Sedgwlck's orlglnal leLLer was one of
opendlsagreemenL and Sedgwlck responded by dlsmlsslng uarwln's Lheorles Lo anoLher frlend

2
ln 1918 an lnfluenza pandemlc sLruck Lhe globe leavlng aL leasL 20 mllllon people dead Some have
esLlmaLed LhaL Lhe number of people kllled durlng

Lhe lnfluenza ouLbreak mlghL reach upwards of 100 mllllon 1hls parLlcular sLraln of lnfluenza occurred
durlng Lhe summer monLhs an unusual case slnce mosL flu ouLbreaks occur ln Lhe fall and wlnLer WhaL
makes Lhe 1918 lnfluenza pandemlc so fasclnaLlng Lo sclenLlsLs however ls LhaL lL sLruck healLhy young
adulLs Lhe hardesL and Look mosL of lLs vlcLlms from Lhls demographlc leavlng young chlldren and older
adulLs oLherwlse unscaLhed

Whlch of Lhe followlng besL explalns Lhe anomaly beLween Lhe expecLed vlcLlms and

ouLbreak? Lhe acLual demographlc LhaL was sLruck Lhe hardesL durlng Lhe

(A)
8ecause Lhe lnfluenza pandemlc occurred durlng World War l some have suggesLed LhaL Lhe soldler
deaLhs were comblned wlLh lnfluenzadeaLhs
(8)
CovernmenLs were unable Lo acqulre vacclnes ln Llme Lo lmmunlze Lhe
(C)
general populaLlon leavlng many vulnerable Lo Lhe dlsease 1he 1918 sLraln ls belleved Lo have creaLed
a cyLoklne sLorm ln whlch a vlrus aLLacks healLhy lmmune sysLems far more severely Lhan weak lmmune
sysLems
(u) Many of Lhe soldlers who caughL lnfluenza were already weakenedfrom Lhelr servlce on Lhe fronL
and could noL reslsL Lhe vlrus
(L)
lL ls now belleved LhaL Lhe lnfluenza sLraln was manufacLured as a blologlcal weapon Lo be used on
soldlers durlng World War l
23
near Lhe clLy of 8udapesL ln Pungary slLs Lake 8alaLon Lhe largesL lake ln cenLral Lurope and one of Lhe
prlmary bodles of waLer ln Lhe landlocked counLry of Pungary Lake 8alaLon has had a slgnlflcanL lmpacL
on Lhe cllmaLe of Lhe surroundlng area lL ls belleved Lo creaLe an envlronmenL for conslderably more
preclplLaLlon Lhan ln oLher reglons of Pungary and Lhe cllmaLe lLself resembles LhaL of a MedlLerranean
reglon desplLe Lhe facL LhaL

Pungary lles several hundred mlles from Lhe MedlLerranean Sea WhaL ls more Lhe soll around Lake
8alaLon ls dense ln volcanlc ash resldue whlch ls known for conLalnlng rlch nuLrlenLs and Lhe lake
releases small amounLs of secondary radlaLlon provldlng exL

exporL from Lhe Lake 8alaLon area ra sunllghL ln Lhe reglon Wlne ls a popular

Whlch of Lhe followlng may be lnferred from sLaLemenLs made ln Lhe passage above?

(A)
1he volcanlc ash ls Lhe resulL of an exLlncL volcano LhaL permanenLly affecLed LemperaLures near Lake
8alaLon
(8)
8ecause of lLs MedlLerranean cllmaLe Lake 8alaLon ls a popular LourlsL
(C)
desLlnaLlon for Pungarlans and nonPungarlans allke Lake 8alaLon has creaLed a cllmaLe and
envlronmenL LhaL are excellenL
(u)
for vlneyards and wlne producLlonuue Lo Lhe envlronmenLal effecLs of Lake 8alaLon Lhe area around
Lhe lake ls Lhe greenesL and mosL ferLlle ln LasLern Lurope
(L) 8ecause of Lhe cllmaLe Lhe reglon of Lake 8alaLon has a large number of lmmlgranLs from
MedlLerranean counLrles who brlng Lhelrknowledge of wlne growlng

Answer key

18 8C 13C 22L
2L 9L 16L 23u
3L 10u 17u 2C
C 11A 188 23C
3L 128 19C
68 13L 208
7A 1A 21A
Answer LxplanaLlons

CuesLlon 1

Cvervlew CuesLlon 1 asks Lhe sLud

hlghllghLs Lhe flaw ln Lhe reason enL Lo deLermlne Lhe answer cholce LhaL
speclallsL beglns by clalmlng Lha lng ln Lhe sleep speclallsL's concluslon 1he sleep

L lnsomnla ls a serlous condlLlon and LhaL women lnparLlcular should be on guard for slgns of lL 1he
sleep speclallsL goes on Lo clalm LhaL many docLors mlss lnsomnla and lnsLead dlagnose women wlLh
depresslon1here ls a dlscusslon of sleep apnea (resulLlng from lnsomnla) LhaL follows and Lhe sleep
speclallsL concludes LhaL any woman who has been dlagnosed wlLh depresslon should acqulre a second
oplnlon from a female docLor Lo see lf she ls acLually sufferlng from lnsomnla 1he sLudenL musL keep ln
mlnd Lhe focus on flawed reasonlng ln Lhe concluslon lLself ln order Lo locaLe Lhe correcL answer Lhe
concluslon ls LhaL women who have been dlagnosed wlLh depresslon should see female docLors abouL
belng LesLed for lnsomnla

1he CorrecL Answer


(PlghllghL commenL marLlns
10/12/2011 102110 M
blank)
8
1hls ls a falrly slmple quesLlon LhaL mlghL seem decepLlvely dlfflculL largelybecause lL ls so slmple so Lhe
sLudenL needs Lo beware of Lhlnklng Loo hardabouL lL Clearly Lhe prlmary problem wlLh Lhe reasonlng ls
Lhe sleepspeclallsL's concluslon LhaL women who have been dlagnosed wlLhdepresslon should see
female docLors and Lry Lo be LesLed for lnsomnla 1here ls noLhlng ln Lhe sleep speclallsL's prevlous
clalms Lo suggesL LhaL Lhe docLors who mlsdlagnosed women were male ln facL Lhe sleep
speclallsLclalms LhaL lnsomnla ls much more dlfflculL Lo dlagnose ln women ln general Whlle lL mlghL
sLand Lo reason LhaL a female docLor would be more llkely Lo conslder a correcL dlagnosls of lnsomnla
Lhls lLo be rellable glven only sLaLemenLs made ln Lhlne of reasonlng ls Loo Lenuous e passage 1he sleep
speclallsLdoes noL offer any leglLlmaLe lndlcaLlon LhaL female docLors dlagnose women correcLly any
more ofLen Lhan Lhelr male colleagues so Lhe concluslon remalns flawed Answer cholce (8) ls correcL

1he lncorrecL Answers

A
1he sleep speclallsL clalms LhaL snorlng ln men has enabled docLors Lo recognlze sleep apnea more
qulckly buL Lhe sleep speclallsL does noL clalmLhaL women do noL snore nor can Lhls be clearly lnferred
from Lhe passage More lmporLanLly however Lhls argumenL ls noL an lmmedlaLe parL of Lhe
concluslon and lL does noL conLrlbuLe Lo Lhe flaw ln Lhe sleep speclallsL's reasonlng Answer cholce (A) ls
lncorrecL

CopyrlghL LSA11esLCuesLlonscom LSA1 ls a reglsLered Lrademark of Lhe Law

C
1he sleep speclallsL beglns Lhe passage wlLh Lhe clalm LhaL lnsomnla can lead Lo poLenLlally serlous
healLh rlsks" lL ls Lrue LhaL Lhe sleep speclallsL doesnoL expand Lhls argumenL much furLher by
explalnlng whaL Lhese rlsks happen Lo be buL LhaL ls unlmporLanL slnce lL does noL conLrlbuLe Lo Lhe
purpose of Lhe passage lnsLead Lhe sleep speclallsL ls aLLempLlng Lo show LhaL docLors ofLen mlss a
dlagnosls of lnsomnla ln women and LhaL women should conslder belng LesLed for Lhls condlLlon As a
resulL answer cholce (C)

School Admlsslon Councll (LSAC) LSAC ls noL assoclaLed wlLh Lhese unofflclal

pracLlce quesLlons

does noL lndlcaLe a flaw ln Lhe sleep speclallsL's concluslon so lL cannoL be

correcL u AL no polnL does Lhe sleep speclallsL clalm LhaL sleep apnea ls or has been

llnked Lo depresslon ln facL Lhe sleep speclallsL makes a clear dlsLlncLlon

beLween sleep apnea as a resulL of lnsomnla and depresslon Answer cholce

(u) Lherefore cannoL be correcL
L
1he focus of Lhe sleep speclallsL's dlscusslon ls lnsomnla ln women and Lhe need for docLors Lo dlagnose
Lhls condlLlon correcLly ln Lhem 1he menLlon ofsleep apnea ls ralsed ln con[uncLlon wlLh lnsomnla buL lL
ls noL Lhe focus As a resulL Lhere ls no need for Lhe sleep speclallsL Lo dlscuss oLher causes of sleep
apnea Answer cholce (L) ls clearly lncorrecL

CuesLlon 2

Cvervlew CuesLlon 2 asks Lhe sLudenL Lo revlew Lwo commenLs one from Adelalde and one from
Marcel and Lhen Lo deLermlne whlch answer cholce besL descrlbes Lhe way ln whlch Marcel responds Lo
Adelalde Adelalde clalms LhaL people should sLop uslng malnsLream cleanlng producLs and swlLch Lo
naLural cleanlng supplles due Lo Lhe poLenLlal healLh and envlronmenLal rlsks LhaL malnsLream producLs
can cause Marcel argues LhaL naLural cleanlng supplles do noL clean as well and LhaL LhemalnsLream
producLs should be used buL kepL ouL of reach so LhaL chlldren cannoLgeL Lo Lhem 1he sLudenL should
noLlce rlghL away LhaL Marcel's response seems Lo mlss Lhe polnL of Adelalde's argumenL alLogeLher
She clalms LhaL Lhe malnsLream producLs conLaln alrborne chemlcals (Lhus calllng lnLo quesLlon Lhe
value of [usL puLLlng producLs ouL of Lhe reach of chlldren) and she clalms LhaL naLural cleanlng supplles
are effecLlve (Lhus conLradlcLlng Marcel's clalm LhaL Lhey do noL clean aswell)

1he CorrecL Answer


L
Answer cholce (L) correcLly noLes LhaL Marcel's response overlooks lmporLanL deLalls wlLhln Adelalde's
argumenL (le Lhe deLall abouL Lhealrborne chemlcals and Lhe deLall abouL Lhe naLural producLs belng
effecLlve) and as a resulL falls Lo offer a worLhwhlle ob[ecLlon Answer cholce (L) ls correcL


A
Marcel's response does noL necessarlly lgnore Adelalde's maln polnL Pe doescounLer her clalms LhaL
people should swlLch from malnsLream cleanlngproducLs Lo naLural cleanlng producLs WhaL ls more hls
response also does noL redlrecL Lhe focus Lo dlfferenL Loplcs So answer cholce (A) cannoL be correcL

8
AL no polnL does Marcel cede Lhe maln polnL of Adelalde's argumenL Pe does ralse Lhe quesLlon of
cosLwhlch Adelalde does noL dlscuss dlrecLlybuL Lhls makes answer cholce (8) only half correcL
Answer cholce (8) may be ellmlnaLed

C
lL ls posslble LhaL Marcel's lnformaLlon ls apocryphal and unsupporLed buL Lhe lnformaLlon glven wlLhln
Lhe Lwo commenLs does noL provlde enough deLall for Lhe reader Lo make Lhe deLermlnaLlon LhaL lL ls or
ls noL Marceldoes noL clalm Lo have supporL for hls argumenLs buL Lhen agaln nelLher does Adelalde As
a resulL answer cholce (C) ls largely lrrelevanL as an opLlon funcLlonlng prlmarlly as a red herrlng and lL
should be ellmlnaLed lmmedlaLely noLe 1he sLudenL should Lake care Lo avold geLLlng caughL up ln
answer cholces such as Lhese LhaL seem less clearly lncorrecL Lhan oLher answer cholces


u
1he only argumenL Marcel ralses LhaL Adelalde does noL dlrecLly address lsLhaL of cosL he clalms LhaL
naLural cleanlng producLs cosL more Lhan malnsLream producLs 8uL Lhls does noL ln lLself offer an
alLernaLlve Lake onLhe Loplc LhaL Adelalde ls dlscusslng lL should also be noLed LhaL Adelalde's


pracLlce quesLlons

commenLs abouL Lhe healLh and envlronmenLal rlsks of malnsLream producLs conLaln Lhe lmpllcaLlon
LhaL Lhese dangers are worLh Lhe lncreased cosL of Lhe producLs SLudenLs famlllar wlLh Lhls Loplc mlghL
Lry Lo argue LhaL many naLural cleanlng producLs can be very cheap buL as Lhls ls noL clearly a feaLure of
Adelalde's argumenL lL cannoL be used agalnsL Marcel's clalms ln Lhls quesLlon Adelalde does noL
menLlon lnexpenslve naLural producLs and Marcel ralses Lhe concern of cosL so lL can be argued LhaL
Marcel makes an argumenL LhaL Adelalde does noL clearly address As menLloned before however Lhls
ls noL enough Lo suggesL LhaL Marcel ls offerlng an alLernaLlveLake he ls merely Lrylng Lo undermlne
Adelalde's clalms

CuesLlon 3

Cvervlew CuesLlon 3 provldes lnformaLlon abouL Lhe uomosLroy a book of famllyprlnclples daLlng from
fourLeenLhcenLury 8ussla and Lhe sLudenL ls asked Lo ldenLlfy Lhe answer cholce LhaL besL summarlzes
Lhe maln polnL of Lhe passage 1he sLudenL should approach any quesLlon abouL Lhe maln polnL from a
speclflc perspecLlve 1o locaLe Lhe maln polnL lL ls besL Lo flnd an answer cholce LhaL draws all of Lhe
lnformaLlon from Lhe passage lnLo a slngle sLaLemenL Any answer cholce LhaL summarlzes only parL of
Lhe passage or paraphrases one commenL ln Lhe passage ls lncorrecL ln Lhls passage Lhe maln polnL ls
LhaL Lhe uomosLroy ls largelyseen Lo be negaLlve Loday (or slnce Lhe nlneLeenLh cenLury) buL LhaL lL
remalns an lmporLanL compllaLlon due Lo lLs role ln keeplng Lhe merchanL class ln 8ussla lnLacL Lhrough
Lhe Mlddle Ages 1he correcL answer cholce wlll reflecL Lhls

1he CorrecL Answer


L
Answer cholce (L) correcLly summarlzes Lhe maln polnL by LargeLlng Lhe Lwo prlmary LhrusLs of Lhe
passage (1) Lhe uomosLroy ls unpopular now buL (2)ls sLlll valuable because lL ensured Lhe survlval of
Lhe 8usslan merchanL class Answer cholce (L) Lherefore ls Lhe correcL answer


A
Answer cholce (A) mlghL be lnferred from Lhe passage due Lo Lhe lnformaLlon LhaL lL conLalns and Lo lLs
role ln shaplng Lhe 8usslan merchanL famlly durlng Lhe Mlddle Ages hlsLorlans mlghL very well flnd Lhls
book Lo be useful 8uL Lhe passage lLself does noL say Lhls anywhere so answer cholce

(A) cannoL funcLlon as a summary of Lhe maln polnL and ls lncorrecL
8
1he passage does clalm LhaL Lhe uomosLroy was an lmporLanL feaLure ln upperclass 8usslan famlly llfe
and LhaL lL now has negaLlve connoLaLlons 8uL Lhls falls Lo lnclude Lhe lmporLanL sLaLemenL aL Lhe end
of Lhe passage abouL Lhe way LhaL Lhe uomosLroy conLrlbuLed Lo Lhe sLablllLy of Lhe merchanL class
Answer cholce (8) conLalns lnsufflclenL lnformaLlon and ls Lhus lncorrecL Agaln Lhe passage does clalm
LhaL aL leasL Lwo 8usslan novellsLs uLlllzed references Lo LhepolnL of Lhe passage anuomosLroy
negaLlvely buL Lhls ls cerLalnly noL Lhe maln

d ls used wlLhln Lhe passage prlmarlly Lo lndlcaLe Lhe modern polnL of vlew Answer cholce (C) cannoL be
correcL

u
1he passage clalms LhaL Lhe uomosLroy conLalned lnformaLlon LhaL was useful Lo Lhe upperclass
8usslan famllles lL does noL clalm or lmply however LhaL lL conLalned lnformaLlon useful only Lo upper
class 8usslan famllles WhaL ls more Lhls ls clearly noL Lhe maln polnL of Lhe passage so answer cholce
(u) ls lncorrecL and may be ellmlnaLed

CuesLlon


Cvervlew ln quesLlon Lhe sLudenL ls glven lnformaLlon abouL Lhe Pawallan green LurLle and asked Lo
ldenLlfy Lhe answer cholce LhaL besL explalns Lhe anomaly beLween Lhe endangered specles sLaLus of Lhe
green LurLle (whlch should proLecL lL from specles dlmlnlshmenL) and Lhe acLual specles dlmlnlshmenL
LhaL conLlnues Loccur 1he passage conLalns lnformaLlon abouL Lhe hlsLory of Lhe Pawallan green o
LurLle suggesLlng LhaL Lhe Pawallan green LurLle ls well proLecLed under lLs

endangered specles sLaLus As a resulL Lhere ls no clear lnformaLlon ln Lhe passagelLself Lo lndlcaLe a
reason for Lhe ongolng dlmlnlshmenL of Lhe specles so Lhe sLudenL musL conslder each of Lhe answer
cholces ln Lurn Lo see lf lL sufflces Lo explaln Lhe anomaly 1hls makes quesLlon somewhaL more
challenglng and LhesLudenL musL pay careful aLLenLlon Lo each answer cholce Lo see lf lL makes sense
wlLhln Lhe conLexL of Lhe lnformaLlon LhaL ls provlded

1he CorrecL Answer

C
lf Lhere are Lumors aLLacklng Lhe specles and LargeLlng Lhe younger LurLls clearly arguable LhaL Lhe
younger LurLles are dylng off and Lhus LhaL Lhe les lLLurLle populaLlon ls noL lncreaslng ln splLe of
endangered specles proLecLlon uL anoLher way lf Lhe Lumors are aLLacklng Lhe younger LurLles lL
means LhaL Lhere ls less chance for reproducLlon and less opporLunlLy for Lhe LurLle populaLlon Lo grow
Answer cholce (C) ls correcL


A
Answer cholce (A) provldes an lnLeresLlng plece of lnformaLlon Lhe Pawallan green LurLle ls omnlvorous
buL has recenLly begun Lo llve as a vegeLarlan due Lo avallable food A closer look however shows LhaL
Lhls answer cholce does noL provlde enough lnformaLlon Lo explaln Lhe anomaly lf Lhe LurLles are llvlng
as vegeLarlans Lhey mlghL sLlll be geLLlng enough Lo eaL And lf Lhey are omnlvorous Lhey should be
able Lo llve as vegeLarlans wlLhouL lL creaLlng mass sLarvaLlon among Lhem 8ecause answer cholce (A)
does noL conLaln Lhe suggesLlon LhaL Lhere ls a shorLage of vegeLaLlon for Lhe LurLles Lo eaL lL ls
lnsufflclenL and cannoL be correcL


8
Answer cholce (8) also conLalns lnLeresLlng lnformaLlon buL lL does noL provlde enough deLall Lo explaln
sufflclenLly Lhe dlmlnlshmenL of Lhe Pawallan green LurLle populaLlon 1here ls no lnformaLlon abouL a
shorLer llfe span among Lhe female LurLles nor ls Lhere any lnformaLlon abouL Lhelr

range of reproducLlon age (le are Lhey dylng whlle Lhey are sLlll ln Lhelr reproducLlve years) As a
resulL answer cholce (8) cannoL be correcL u Answer cholce (u) conLalns no explanaLlon abouL why Lhe
changes ln ocean currenLs from global warmlng have conLrlbuLed Lo a decrease ln Lhe Pawallan green
LurLle populaLlon WlLhouL Lhe furLher deLalls answer cholce

(u) conLalns no conLexL and slmply offers lnformaLlon LhaL does llLLle Lo explaln Lhe anomaly 1hls
answer cholce ls lncorrecL and may be ellmlnaLed
L
AL flrsL glance answer cholce (L) does provlde lnformaLlon LhaL could explaln Lhe dlmlnlshmenL of Lhe
Pawallan green LurLle populaLlon ghosL crabs are consumlng Lhe haLchllngs aL Lhe nesLlng slLe ln Lhe
lrench lrlgaLe Shoals upon a closer look however Lhere ls lnformaLlon Lo lndlcaLe LhaL Lhe ghosL crab
ls a LradlLlonal" predaLor of Lh

noLhlng Lo explaln Lhe more recen e green LurLle haLchllngs so Lhls does
Answer cholce (L) ls lncorrecL L reducLlon of Lhe green LurLle populaLlon

CuesLlons 3 and 6

Cvervlew CuesLlons 3 and 6 refer Lo Lhe passage LhaL dlscusses Lhe hlsLory of Lhe norLh Amerlcan heaL
wave ln 1936 a cllmaLe phenomenon LhaL caused masslve problems for mosL of norLh Amerlca
lncludlng crop shorLages and even severalLhousand deaLhs CuesLlon 3 asks Lhe sLudenL Lo deLermlne
whlch of Lhe answer cholces may be assumed sLrlcLly based on lnformaLlon provlded ln Lhe passage
1hlsmeans LhaL Lhe answer cholce cannoL lnfer lnformaLlon LhaL has no supporL ln Lhe passage CuesLlon
6 Lhen asks Lhe sLudenL Lo locaLe Lhe answer cholce LhaL cannoL be
lnferred 1hls means of course LhaL four of Lhe answer cholces are lmplled from LhedeLalls ln Lhe
passage buL one of Lhem ls noL

CuesLlon 3

1he CorrecL Answer


L
1o arrlve aL Lhe correcL answer ln quesLlon 3 Lhe sLudenL has Lo sorL Lhrougha varleLy of deLalls 1he flrsL
senLence sLaLes LhaL Lhe heaL wave causedserlous envlronmenLal and economlc problems" lurLher
down Lhe auLhorof Lhe passage noLes LhaL Lhere were serlous shorLages" of corn and wheaLdue Lo Lhe
damage from Lhe heaL wave lrom Lhls Lhe sLudenL may correcLlylnfer LhaL shorLages creaLe a prlce
lncrease (le economlc problems") andas a resulL Lhe prlces of corn and wheaL rose very hlgh Answer
cholce (L)may be lnferred from Lhe deLalls ln Lhe passage so lL ls correcL


A
1he passage sLaLes very clearly LhaL Lhe heaL wave damaged crops severelyand LhaL lL lasLed only
Lhrough Lhe summer 8uL Lhe passage does noL conLalnenough lnformaLlon Lo suggesL LhaL
LemperaLures were normal Lhe nexL yearor LhaL farmers had no problems wlLh crops ln 1937 WhaL ls
more Lhere are a varleLy of facLors besldes weaLher LhaL can affecL crops so lL would beassumlng Loo
much Lo clalm LhaL crops were good ln 1937 even lf LheLemperaLures were normal Answer cholce (A)
cannoL be correcL

8 1he auLhor of Lhe passage clalms LhaL sclenLlsLs ln Canada recordeddangerously hlgh LemperaLures"
Whlle Lhere ls no lmmedlaLe comparlson LoLures ln Lhe unlLed SLaLes Lhere ls noLhlng Lo suggesL LhaL
Lhe hlghLempera
LemperaLemperaLures ln Canad

whaL ls noL lmplled ln a caused fewer problems Answer cholce (8) assumesLhe passage so lL ls
lncorrecL C Answer cholce (C) provldes a seemlngly good opLlon 1he auLhor of Lhepassage clalms LhaL
alr condlLloners were noL unlversal and LhaL many dledln Lhe heaL 1hls suggesLs LhaL alr condlLloners
mlghL have been of asslsLanceln helplng Lhose sufferlng ln Lhe heaL 8uL Lhe passage also sLaLes LhaL
LheheaL wave caused problems for Lhe mosL vulnerable members of socleLy"Lven ln Lhe hlghly alr
condlLloned LwenLyflrsL cenLury heaL waves LargeLand klll Lhe mosL vulnerable members of socleLy
lurLhermore lL ls Loo much



pracLlce quesLlons

Lo assume from Lhe sLaLemenLs made ln Lhe passage LhaL al

would cerLalnly have prevenLed deaLhs however llkely Lhar condlLloners

L may seem 1hey mlghL have buL Lhere ls noL enough lnformaLlon Lo deLermlne Lhe polnLdeclslvely
Answer cholce (C) makes lnferences LhaL do noL have enough supporL from Lhe passage so lL cannoL be
correcL

u 1he passage clalms LhaL Lhe heaeconomlc problems" 1he facL LhaL wave caused serlous
envlronmenLal and L Lhe unlLed SLaLes was also sufferlng LheCreaL uepresslon would probably add Lo
Lhls buL Lhere ls slmply noL enough lnformaLlon ln Lhe passage Lo lnfer Lhls speclflc plece of lnformaLlon
1he heaL wave ln and of lLself caused many severe problems 1he CreaL uepresslon was a separaLe
problem buL lL ls noL addressed nor does Lhe auLhor of Lhe passage make any reference Lo ouLslde
facLors LhaL exacerbaLed Lhe problems from Lhe heaL wave Answer cholce (u) seems llke a good opLlon
buL lL slmply has no supporL ln Lhe passage

CuesLlon 6

1he CorrecL Answer

8
Answer cholce (8) ls Lhe only answer cholce LhaL cannoL be lnferred fromlnformaLlon ln Lhe passage 1he
auLhor of Lhe passage makes no commenL on Lhe LradlLlon of hoL summers followlng cold wlnLers and
Lhere ls deflnlLely no menLlon of Lhe wlnLer of 1936 and Lhe LemperaLures LhaL were recorded durlng
LhaL season Answer cholce (8) Lherefore ls correcL


A
1he passage noLes LhaL Lhe heaL wave of 1936 remalns one of Lhe hoLLesL and mosL desLrucLlve on
record" lrom Lhls lL may be assumed LhaL Lhe LemperaLures noLed durlng Lhe heaL wave remaln some
of Lhe hlghesL of record Answer cholce (A) may cerLalnly be lnferred so lL cannoL be correcL


C
1he auLhor of Lhe passage clalms LhaL Lhe heaL wave of 1936 lasLed only Lhrough Lhe summer" so lL
may be assumed LhaL Lhe heaL was no longer a problem by CcLober (le Lhe fall) of 1936 1he passage
supporLs Lhe lnformaLlon ln answer cholce (C) so lL cannoL be correcL

u
1he auLhor of Lhe passages sLaLes LhaL Lhe heaL sLrlpped Lhe soll of all nuLrlenLs" and LhaL Lhe upper
layers of Lhe soll qulLe llLerally blew away" lrom Lhls Lhe reader may assume LhaL Lhe heaL and reduced
nuLrlenL quallLy of Lhe soll made lL vulnerable Lo lnferred from Lhe passage and Lhe wlnd so answer
cholce (u) may be

ls Lherefore noL correcL

L
1he passage clalms LhaL Lhe heaL wave caused problems for Lhe mosL vulnerable members of socleLy"
1he mosL vulnerable members of socleLy lnclude Lhe very old and Lhe very young so lL ls safe Lo assume
LhaL Lhese demographlcs may be lncluded among Lhose who suffered mosL from Lhe heaL As a resulL
Lhe passage lmplles answer cholce (L) so lL ls lncorrecL

CuesLlon 7

Cvervlew CuesLlon 7 presenLs sLaLemenLs made by a psychologlsL abouL Lhe poLenLlal dangers of
vlolenL vldeo games 1he psychologlsL clLes an lncldenL ln whlch an elevenyearold boy played a vlolenL
vldeo game and Lhen commlLLed an acL of vlolence LhaL resembled Lhe vlolenL crlme ln Lhe vldeo game
As a resulL Lhe psychologlsL concludes vlolenL vldeo games can lead Lo vlolence and should be
resLrlcLed 1he quesLlon Lhen asks Lhe sLudenL Lo compare Lhe weakness ln Lhe psychologlsL's reasonlng
wlLh Lhe answer cholces and locaLe a slmllarlLy 1hesLudenL should flrsL ldenLlfy Lhe problem wlLh Lhe
psychologlsL's reasonlng ln Lhlscase Lhe weakness follows Lhe llne of reasonlng LhaL one evenL makes a
Lrend ln oLher words one example of a chlld playlng vlolenL vldeo games and commlLLlng an acL of
vlolence guaranLees furLher such evenLs Lherefore vlolenL vldeo games should be resLrlcLed 1he
psychologlsL does noL provlde mulLlple accounLs buL


lnsLead offers only one lncldenL and Lrles Lo bulld a case for a larger concluslon based on lL 1he correcL
answer cholce wlll reflecL a slmllar problem

1he CorrecL Answer

A
Answer cholce (A) correcLly provldes a sLaLemenL wlLh a slmllar weakness A homeschooled sLudenL
who recelved a good educaLlon aL home won a naLlonal spelllng bee Lherefore all homeschooled
sLudenLs musL be slmllarly equlpped wlLh a good educaLlon Agaln Lhe weakness ls LhaL a case ls
bullLupon a slngle example wlLh a slngle example represenLlng a Lrend Answer cholce (A) ls correcL


8 1he weakness ln answer cholce (8) ls Lhe suggesLlon LhaL one program can be of unlversal beneflL Lo all
homeowners who are plannlng Lo redecoraLe 1hls however ls noL Lhe same as Lhe probPad Lhe answer
cholce clalmed Lha lem of one example creaLlng a Lrend L because one homeowner beneflLed all would
beneflL Lhe weakness would be comparable As lL ls Lhough answer cholce (8) ls lncorrecL

C 1he weakness ln answer cholce (C) ls ln many ways slmllar Lo Lhe weakness ln answer cholce (8)
Answer cholce (C) clalms LhaL a unlverslLy has an excellenLLhe sLuden program for Lralnlng elemenLary
school Leachers Lherefore all of Ls who graduaLe from Lhe program wlll be good Leachers Pad Lhe
answer cholce clalmed LhaL because one sLudenL who graduaLed from Lhe program was a good Leacher
all would be Lhe weakness would be slmllar Agaln lL ls noL so answer cholce (C) ls lncorrecL


u
WhaL makes answer cholce (u) lncorrecL ls prlmarlly Lhe presenLaLlon of Lhe sLaLemenL 1he clalm ls
made LhaL a slngle celebrlLy beneflLed from aquesLlonable" producL noL yeL approved by Lhe luA As a
resulL a nuLrlLlonal supplemenL company has declded Lo begln sLocklng Lhe producLs Cn Lhe one


pracLlce quesLlons

hand Lhls lmplles LhaL Lhe company belleves Lhe producL Lo be beneflclal 8uL
no speclflc recommendaLlon ls made based on Lhe celebrlLy's experlencelnsLead a declslon ls made Lo
sell Lhe producL 8ecause Lhe nuLrlLlonal supplemenL company does noL follow up wlLh a sLaLemenL of
who would beneflL answer cholce (

and may be ellmlnaLed u) does noL conLaln enough slmllarlLles Lo be correcL

L
Answer cholce (L) bears vlrLually no slmllarlLy Lo Lhe sLaLemenLs made ln quesLlon 7 1hls answer cholce
clalms LhaL because muslc classes are shown Lo broaden Lhe mlnds of sLudenLs and provlde lncreased
awareness for oLher sub[ecLs" all schools should lncorporaLe Lhem 1here ls no suggesLlon of a slngle
lncldenL maklng a Lrend ln facL Lhe answer cholce suggesLs LhaL a sLudy has been done a sLudy LhaL
mlghL very well have lncluded many sLudenLs Answer cholce (L) cannoL be correcL

CuesLlon 8

Cvervlew CuesLlon 8 beglns wlLh lnformaLlon abouL Lhe hlsLory norLh korean arL wlLh lLs early
lnfluences from 8ussla and Chlna and lLs evenLual developmenL of lLs own arLlsLlc volce 1he quesLlon
asks Lhe sLudenL Lo selecL an answer cholce LhaL lssuggesLed by sLaLemenLs made ln Lhe passage
Chooslng an answer cholce based on lmpllcaLlon can be very challenglng so Lhe sLudenL musL keep Lhe
deLalls of Lhe passage ln mlnd when revlewlng Lhe separaLe answer cholces and musL ellmlnaLe
ananswer cholce LhaL ls noL clearly suggesLed by dlrecL sLaLemenLs made ln Lhe passage 1he key Lo
answerlng Lhls Lype of quesLlon ls Lhe ablllLy Lo polnL Lo asenLence more Lhan one senLence or a phrase
LhaL provldes Lhe llnk beLween Lhe correcL answer cholce and Lhe passage lLself


1he CorrecL Answer C 1he passage sLaLes up fronL LhaL norLh korea ls a CommunlsL counLry LhaL Lhe arL
of LhaL counLry has been lnfluenced by pollLlcal changes and LhaL

norLh korean arL was orlglnally domlnaLed by lnfluences from Lhe SovleLunlon and Chlna" WhaL ls
more Lhe passage goes on Lo clalm LhaL Loday norLh korean arL lndlcaLes a more relevanL culLural
lnfluence from lLs own revoluLlonary maLerlal" lrom Lhls Lhe sLudenL may lnfer LhaL norLh korean arL
lnlLlally used Lhe sLyles and lnfluences of oLher CommunlsL counLrles unLll lL had developed lLs own arL
Answer cholce (C) ls correcL


A
1he auLhor noLes LhaL pollLlcal changes have had a slgnlflcanL lmpacL" onnorLh korean arL buL Lhere ls
noL enough lnformaLlon ln Lhe passage LolndlcaLe LhaL all norLh korean arL ls pollLlcal Answer cholce (A)
ls Loogeneral so lL may be ellmlnaLed lmmedlaLely

8
1he auLhor clalms LhaL expaLrlaLe norLh korean arLlsLs favor LurbulenL lmages of landscapes" buL Lhere
ls noLhlng ln Lhe passage Lo suggesL LhaL Lhe arLlsLs who have remalned ln norLh korea do noL palnL
landscapes 1hls mlghL very well be Lrue buL because Lhe passage does noL lmply lL answer cholce (8)
cannoL be correcL

u
1he auLhor of Lhe passage suggesLs LhaL norLh korean arLlsLs orlglnally Look Lhe sLyle and sub[ecL of Lhelr
maLerlal from counLrles llke Lhe SovleL unlon and Chlna buL Lhere ls noL enough lnformaLlon ln Lhe
passage Lo lmply LhaL Lhe norLh korean arLlsLs also Look Lhe speclflc arLlsLlc Lechnlques from Lhese
counLrles 1he passage does Lalk abouL Lhe arLlsLlc Lechnlques of expaLrlaLe norLh korean arLlsLs buL
answer cholce (u) ls noL clear ln facL answer cholce (u) suggesLs a longLerm absorpLlon of arLlsLlc
Lechnlques from oLher counLrles so Lhls ls enLlrely lrrelevanL Lo Lhe passage Answer cholce (u) may be
ellmlnaLed


L
Answer cholce (L) ls largely lrrelevanL Lo Lhe lnformaLlon ln Lhe passage focuslng on Lhe unlque quallLles
of norLh korean arLlsLlc Lechnlques someLhlng LhaL Lhe passage does noL menLlon or lmply


pracLlce quesLlons

CuesLlon 9

Cvervlew ln quesLlon 9 Lhe sLudenL ls presenLed wlLh a scenarlo ln whlch a famlly ls conslderlng Lhe
purchase of solar panels whlch are very hlgh ln cosL 1he passage explalns Lhe value of havlng solar
panels Lhey sLore up sunllghL and converL lL Loenergy Lhus reduclng Lhe cosL of energy bllls
unforLunaLely Lhe cosL of solar panels can be prohlblLlve and lL can Lake years Lo see a reLurn on Lhe
lnvesLmenL 1he famlly has declded however Lo lnvesL ln Lhe solar panels ln Lhe bellef LhaL Lhey wlll see
a reLurn qulckly enough Lo make Lhe cosL of Lhe panels worLhwhlle 1he quesLlon Lhen asks Lhe sLudenL
Lo selecL an answer cholce LhaL besL explalns Lhe famlly's declslon wlLhln Lhe conLexL of Lhe lnformaLlon
ln Lhe passage

1he CorrecL Answer

L
1here are several deLalls ln Lhe passage LhaL polnL Lo answer cholce (L) as Lhe correcL answer lor one
Lhe passage noLes LhaL Lhe solar panels sLore up sunllghL and Lhe more sunllghL LhaL ls sLored Lhe more
energy ls saved forLhe purpose of reduclng Lhe cosL of energy bllls AddlLlonally Lhe famlly belleves LhaL
lL wlll see a raLher qulck reLurn on Lhe lnvesLmenL of Lhe solar panels 1hls should lmmedlaLely polnL Lo
locaLlon as a slgnlflcanL facLor lf solar panels need more sunllghL Lo help wlLh Lhe cosL of energy bllls
and Lhe famlly ls convlnced LhaL Lhe lnvesLmenL wlll be worLhwhlle lL sLands Lo reason LhaL Lhey llve ln a
place where Lhey wlll recelve enough sunllghL Lo make Lhe solar panels a good lnvesLmenL Answer
cholce (L) offers LhlsexplanaLlon so lL ls correcL noLe Agaln Lhls ls a falrly slmple quesLlon so Lhe
sLudenL should noL sLep lnLo Lhe Lrap of Lhlnklng Loo hard abouL lL 1he mosL obvlous explanaLlon ls Lhe
correcL one ln Lhls case and Lhe problems wlLh Lhe oLher answer cholces wlll demonsLraLe Lhls



A
Answer cholce (A) seems promlslng aL flrsL glance buL noL upon closer lnspecLlon 1he famlly belleves
LhaL lL wlll see a reLurn on Lhe lnvesLmenL
falrly qulckly 1hls suggesLs LhaL someLhlng slgnlflcanL wlll make Lhe purchase of solar panels
worLhwhlle Answer cholce (A) merely says LhaL Lhe governmenL ls offerlng lncenLlves 1here ls no
lnformaLlon abouL Lhe Lype of lncenLlves or Lhe value of Lhem ln comparlson Lo Lhe solar panels
WlLhouL more lnformaLlon answer cholce (A) does noL offer enough deLall Lo explaln Lhe famlly's
declslon so lL ls lncorrecL

8
ln brlnglng up Lhe menLlon of coalwhlch ls noL dlscussed or lmplled ln Lhe passageanswer cholce (8)
has no clear relevance Lo Lhe passage so lL may be ellmlnaLed lmmedlaLely

C u
Answer cholces (C) and (u) boLh deal wlLh Lhe supply/demand raLlo lnanswer cholce (C) Lhe lncreased
producLlon of slllcon suggesLs LhaL Lhe producLlon of solar panels ls expecLed Lo rlse ln Lhe near fuLure
wlLh Lheadded posslblllLy of reduced cosL 1haL ls lnLeresLlng lnformaLlon buL lL has no relevance for Lhe
famlly LhaL ls purchaslng solar panels now Answercholce (C) cannoL be correcL so lL may be ellmlnaLed
As for answer cholce (u) lL Loo suggesLs LhaL an lncreased producLlon of solar panels wlll reduce Lhe cosL
over Llme buL LhaL means noLhlng for Lhe famlly LhaL ls ln Lhe processof purchaslng solar panels rlghL
now Answer cholce (u) may also be ellmlnaLed

CuesLlon 10

Cvervlew CuesLlon 10 ls anoLher quesLlon LhaL requlres Lhe sLudenL Lo selecL an answer cholce besL
summarlzlng Lhe maln polnL Agaln Lhe sLudenL musL look for Lhe answer cholce LhaL draws ouL Lhe
prlmary focuses of Lhe paragraph and comblnes Lhem lnLo a slngle sL

noLes several lmporLanL facLs aLemenL ln quesLlon 10 Lhe auLhor of Lhe passage (1) Lhe medleval
pllgrlmage was an opporLunlLy Lo

lower Lhe soclal bar" because Lhe pllgrlms all llved and [ourneyed LogeLher (2)



pracLlce quesLlons

Ceoffrey Chaucer's durlng Lhe medleval pllgrlmage and (3) 1he CanLerbury 1ales1he CanLerbury 1alesls
a sLory abouL Lhe Lales LhaL pllgrlms Lell suggesLs LhaL soclal

sLrucLure sLlll remalned ln place even on Lhe pllgrlmage 1he correcL answer cholce wlll lncorporaLe all of
Lhese elemenLs

1he CorrecL Answer

u
Conslderlng Lhe explanaLlon ln Lhe Cvervlew above answer cholce (u) bbrlngs all Lhree elemenLs
LogeLher ln a summary sLaLemenL of Lhe passage esL
Answer cholce (u) ls correcL


A C
Whlle Lhe auLhor of Lhe passage does menLlon Chaucer as descrlblng Lhe medleval pllgrlmage Lhere ls
no menLlon of wheLher or noL Chaucer's accounL ls auLhenLlc As Lhe auLhor seems Lo rely on lL for
maklng Lhe polnL abouL Lhe reLalned soclal sLrucLure lL sLands Lo reason LhaL Lhe sLory has some
auLhenLlclLy buL Lhls ls noL a quesLlon abouL lnferences buL raLher abouL Lhe maln polnL Answer cholce
(A) cannoL be sald Lo summarlze Lhe maln polnL so lL ls lncorrecL As for answer cholce (C) Lhe auLhor of
Lhe passage does noL dlscuss wheLher or noL sLoryLelllng was a common means of enLerLalnmenL on Lhe
medleval pllgrlmage Such an argumenL mlghL belnferred from Lhe passage buL lL ls noL Lhe maln polnL
Answer cholce (C) ls also lncorrecL

8 L
1he auLhor does make a polnL slmllar Lo Lhe one ln answer cholces (8) and (L) buL nelLher ls Lhe maln
polnL Lhey are only a parL of lL 1herefcholces (8) and (L) conLaln lnsufflclenL summarles and are
lncorrecore answer

L
CuesLlon 11


Cvervlew ln quesLlon 11 Lhe sLudenL musL conslder a passage LhaL dlscusses Lhe mlsLral a sLrong wlnd
mosL famous ln Lhe souLhern parL of lrance 1he auLhor of Lhe

passage explalns Lhe causes and effecLs of Lhe mlsLral ln some deLall 1he auLhor noLes LhaL Lhe mlsLral ls
a Lype of kaLabaLlc wlnd or a wlnd LhaL develops from a comblnaLlon of hlghpressure and lowpressure
sysLems and pushes ln a downward dlrecLlon from hlgh elevaLlon Lo low elevaLlon uue Lo Lhe locaLlon
of souLhern lrance wlLh Lhe lowpressure wlnds off Lhe MedlLerranean Sea and Lhe hlghpressure wlnds
from Lhe Alps Lhe people of rovene ln Lhe SouLh of lrance recelve Lhe sLrong wlnds of Lhe mlsLral 1he
quesLlon asks for Lhe answer cholce LhaL ls mosL lmplled by sLaLemenLs made ln Lhe passage As wlLh all
quesLlons of Lhls varleLy LhesLudenL musL keep Lhe speclflc commenLs of Lhe passage ln mlnd 1he
correcLanswer wlll reflecL a senLence or Lwo ln Lhe passage and Lhe sLudenL should be able Lo polnL
back Lo Lhe passage and know exacLly whlch senLence or senLences may beclalmed for Lhe lnference
1he sLudenL should keep a close eye on Lhe wordlng of Lhe answer cholces ln comparlson Lo Lhe wordlng
of Lhe passage because even a slngle word can make a dlfference ln wheLher or noL an answer cholce ls
correcL

1he CorrecL Answer

A
AL Lhe end of Lhe passage Lhe auLhor sLaLes LhaL Lhe alr ln rovene lscomparaLlvely clear and Lhe
people generally face fewer resplraLory problems" 1hls suggesLs LhaL Lhe mlsLral wlndwhlch ls
descrlbed as powerful" sLrong" formldable" ln Lhe passageacLually conLrlbuLes Lo Lhe cleanllness
of Lhe alr by llLerally blowlng polluLlon and lmpurlLles away 1he passage Lhus lmplles Lhe sLaLemenL
made ln answer cholce (A) very clearly so answer cholce (A) ls correcL



8
ln Lhe second senLence of Lhe passage lL ls noLed kaLabaLlc wlnds are creaLed by Lhe confluence of
hlghpressure sysLems and lowpressure sysLems when Lhe comblnaLlon of Lhese sysLems moves
downward from ahlgher elevaLlon and pushes forcefully Lhrough a lower elevaLlon" 1hls

suggesLs LhaL kaLabaLlc wlnds are noL necessarlly unlque Lo Lhe SouLh of lrance and LhaL oLher reglons of
Lhe world mlghL experlence such wlnds 1he auLhor of Lhe passage goes on Lo explaln Lhe ways LhaL Lhe
people of rovene have adapLed Lo Lhe mlsLral buL Lhere ls noL enough ln Lhe passage Lo argue LhaL all
peoples around Lhe world who experlence kaLabaLlc wlnds musL learnLo adapL nor ls Lhere a guaranLee
LhaL Lhey have learned WhaL ls more Lhe passage does noL clalm clearly LhaL kaLabaLlc wlnds exlsL
around anymounLaln chaln [usL LhaL Lhey may occur under cerLaln condlLlons 1here ls slmply noL
enough lnformaLlon ln Lhe passage Lo derlve Lhe lnference made ln Lhe second parL of answer cholce (8)
so answer cholce (8) ls noL correcL

C
As menLloned above ln Lhe explanaLlon for answer cholce (8) Lhe auLhor does leave open Lhe posslblllLy
LhaL kaLabaLlc wlnds exlsLworld kaLabaLlc wlnds are creaLed by Lhe confluence of hln oLher parLs of Lhe

lghpressure sysLems and lowpressure sysLems when Lhe comblnaLlon of Lhese sysLems moves
downward from a hlgher elevaLlon and pushes forcefully Lhrough a lower elevaLlon" Lven Lhough Lhe
auLhor clalms LhaL Lhe Lopographlcal quallLles of rovene make lL ldeal fclalm LhaL kaLabaLlc wlnds are
unlque Lo Lhe SouLh of lrance so answer or kaLabaLlc wlnds Lhe auLhor does noL
cholce (C) musL be lncorrecL

u
1he auLhor clalms LhaL Lhe people of rovene have had Lo alLer Lhe consLrucLlon of some bulldlngs
8ellLowers remaln open ln rovene and houses face souLh" 1he auLhor does noL clalm or lmply
however LhaL LhemlsLral damages sLrucLures frequenLly lnsLead Lhe auLhor suggesLs LhaL Lhepeople of
LhaL reglon have long slnce learned how Lo llve wlLh Lhe mlsLral so Lhelr sLrucLures are noL necessarlly
damaged as much anymore Answer cholce (u) ls lncorrecL


L
Any sLudenL who ls famlllar wlLh Lhe mlsLral wlll know LhaL Lhe lnformaLlon ln answer cholce (L) ls
acLually correcL Lhe mlsLral does blow Lhrough oLherparLs of Lurope buL lL sLrongesL (and mosL famous)
ln Lhe SouLh of lrance


pracLlce quesLlons

8uL Lhls quesLlon ls noL a LesL of whaL Lhe sLudenL already knows lL ls more lmporLanL LhaL Lhe sLudenL ls
able Lo focus on and dlgesL Lhe lnformaLlon ln Lhe LesL lLself lndependenL of ouLslde knowledge ln
reallLy Lhere ls noLhlng ln Lhe passage Lo suggesL LhaL Lhe mlsLral blows Lhrough oLher parLs of Lurope
buL ls speclflcally sLrongesL ln rovene ?es Lhe auLhor lndlcaLes LhaL Lhe mlsLral mlghL exlsL ln oLher
places buL Lhose places are noL noLed or lmplled ln any deLall excepL for Lhe general remark abouL Lhe
mlsLral occurrlng ln Lurope" ln reallLy Lhere ls noL enough lnformaLlon ln Lhe passage Lo argue
confldenLly LhaL Lhe mlsLral blows Lhrough mosL of Lurope or LhaL lL ls sLrongesL ln rovene Answer
cholce (L) Lherefore cannoL be correcL

CuesLlon 12

Cvervlew CuesLlon 12 provldes lnformaLlon abouL Lhe Acholl people a Lrlbe lnnorLhern uganda LhaL ls
known for lLs LradlLlonal agrlculLural llfesLyle and ls very unllke Lhe 8aganda people of SouLhern uganda
1he auLhor of Lhe passage conLrasLs Lhe Acholl and Lhe 8aganda noLlng LhaL Lhe 8aganda developed
clLles and a monarchy buL Lhe Acholl have always been farmers When Lhe 8rlLlsh beganarrlvlng ln
uganda Lhey focused Lhelr colonlzaLlon among Lhe 8aganda and used Lhe Acholl people as servanLs and
as soldlers 1he auLhor concludes by menLlonlng LhaLSouLhern uganda Loday has some sLablllLy wlLh lLs
lndusLrlallzaLlon whlle norLhern uganda sLlll sLruggles wlLh reglonal wars 1he sLudenL ls asked Lo selecL
Lhe answer cholce LhaL ls lmplled from Lhe passage abouL Lhe Acholl Agaln lL ls lmporLanL Lo focus on
whaL Lhe passage says speclflcally and Lo selecL an answer cholce LhaL has an lmmedlaLe anLecedenL ln
Lhe passage


1he CorrecL Answer 8 1he auLhor does noL sLaLe ouLrlghL LhaL Lhe 8rlLlsh Look a superlor vlew of Lhe
8aganda over Lhe Acholl 8uL Lhe auLhor does clalm When Lhe 8rlLlsh

colonlsLs arrlved ln uganda Lhey chose Lo uLlllze Lhe Acholl as a labor force and for mlllLary purposes
whlle Lhey seLLled Lhelr prlmary colonles ln more famlllar pollLlcal esLabllshmenL of SouLhern uganda"
1hls suggesLs LhaL Lhe 8rlLlsh were famlllar wlLh Lhe soclal and pollLlcal organlzaLlon of SouLhernuganda
and made Lhe assumpLlon LhaL Lhe 8aganda people were superlor Lo Lhe Acholl because Lhey were more
developed 1he facL LhaL Lhe 8rlLlsh chose Lo use Lhe Acholl only for dlfferenL forms of servlce lndlcaLes
LhaL Lhey dld noL vlew Lhelr quallLles as hlghly Answer cholce (8) may be lnferred from Lhe passage so lL
ls correcL


A AlLhough Lhe auLhor of Lhe passage clalms LhaL Lhe 8rlLlsh used Lhe Acholl as servanLs and as mlllLary
flghLers Lhere ls noL enough lnformaLlon ln Lhe passage Lo lndlcaLe LhaL Lhe 8aganda dld Lhe same ln
facL Lhe auLhor sLaLes LhaL Lhe Acholl have LradlLlonally been farmers and Lhus lndlcaLes LhaL Lhey dld
noL Lake up Lhe dlfferenL Lypes of servlce unLll Lhe 8rlLlsh arrlved Answer cholce (A) ls noL clearly
lmplled ln Lhe passage so lL ls noL correcL C Answer cholce (C) ls a poLenLlally Lrlcky rewordlng of
sLaLemenLs made ln Lhe passage ?es Lhe auLhor clalms LhaL Lhe Acholl were an agrlculLural people and
probably conLlnued Lo be unLll Lhe 8rlLlsh arrlved 8uL Lhere ls noLenough lnformaLlon ln Lhe passage Lo
argue LhaL Lhe auLhor clalms Lhe Acholl people Lo be unfamlllar wlLh war 1he facL LhaL Lhe Acholl are
sLlll sLruggllng wlLh reglonal confllcLs suggesLs LhaL Lhere have been reglonal dlfferences among Lhe
Acholl for some Llme buL LhaL Lhese dlfferences were mlnlmlzed before Lhe Acholl became offlclal
soldlers among Lhe 8rlLlsh Answer cholce

(C) has no clear lmpllcaLlon ln Lhe passage so lL ls noL correcL

u
As wlLh answer cholce (C) answer cholce (u) seems Lo have poLenLlal dependlng on how Lhe sLudenL
chooses Lo read Lhe auLhor's Lone ln Lhe passage 1here seems Lo be a hlnL of dlsapproval abouL Lhe
8rlLlsh

colonlzaLlon and lL ls all Loo easy Lo read Lhls as a way of placlng blame on Lhe 8rlLlsh 8uL Lhe sLudenL
should beware of readlng Loo much lnLo Lhls Lone because lL ls unrellable 1he only real lmpllcaLlon
made abouL Lhe Acholl people ls LhaL Lhe 8rlLlsh dld noL necessarlly vlew Lhem Lo be as superlor as Lhe
8aganda because Lhe Acholl were farmers 1here ls slmply noL enough lnformaLlon ln Lhe passage Lo
argue LhaL Lhe 8rlLlsh are enLlrely responslble for Lhe condlLlons among Lhe Acholl Loday 1oo much ls
lefL ouL of Lhe passage lncludlng lnformaLlon abouL how long uganda has been lndependenL of 8rlLaln
(or even LhaL lL ls lndependenL of 8rlLaln) and whaLpollLlcal evenLs have occurred ln recenL years
Answer cholce (u) ls LempLlng buL lL ulLlmaLely does noL have enough supporL ln Lhe passage so lL musL
be ellmlnaLed

L
1he passage does noL provlde enough lnformaLlon abouL Lhe response from elLher Lhe Acholl or Lhe
8aganda Lo Lhe 8rlLlsh colonlzaLlon so Lhere ls clearly noL enough lnformaLlon Lo supporL Lhe clalm LhaL
Lhe Acholl welcomed Lhe opporLunlLy Lo abandon Lhelr agrlculLural llfesLyle (or ln converse Lo suggesL
LhaL Lhey desplsed colonlzaLlon) Answer cholce (L) ls lncorrecL

CuesLlon 13


Cvervlew CuesLlon 13 beglns wlLh a passage explalnlng Lhe challenge ofundersLandlng Lhe evoluLlon of
language 1he auLhor of Lhe passage menLlons LhaLllngulsLlc scholars do noL necessarlly agree on whaL
causes Lhe evoluLlon of language Cne clalms colloqulal dlsLlncLlons whlle oLhers suggesL LhaL
geographlcal dlvlslons are mosL responslble 1he passage concludes wlLh Lhe addon sLaLemenL LhaL as
Lhe world becomes more global and geographlcal dlvlslons glve way LogloballzaLlon languages mlghL
ulLlmaLely [oln and become a slngle language 1he quesLlon asks Lhe sLudenL Lo selecL an answer cholce
LhaL ls supporLed by clalms made ln Lhe passage ln Lhls quesLlon Lhe passage ls organlzed somewhaL
dlfferenLly from prevlous passage ln LhaL ln beglns wlLh a general sLaLemenL abouL Lhe

dlfflculLles of reconclllng Lwo feaLures lL conLlnues wlLh one slde of a conLrasL andacLually concludes
wlLh Lhe oLher slde of Lhe conLrasL wlLhouL a clear hlnL of a reconclllaLlon or a reLurn Lo Lhe openlng
sLaLemenL So Lhe sLudenL needs Lo beware of assumlng Loo much abouL Lhe auLhor's preference for
one slde of Lhe lssue or LheauLhor

1he CorrecL Answer

L
Slnce Lhe passage does noL offer a clear concluslon abouL Lhe reconclllaLlon for Lhe Lwo conLrasLlng
vlews of language evoluLlon Lhe sLudenL ls lefL wlLh selecLlng an answer cholce LhaL ls clearly suggesLed
from Lhe passage 1he passage opens wlLh Lhe followlng Lwo senLences 1he ma[orlLy of llngulsLlc
scholars recognlze LhaL language wlll lnevlLably evolve over Llme WhaLcauses Lhls change however ls
Lhe sub[ecL of greaL debaLe" lrom Lhls lL may be lnferred LhaL (1) languages are dynamlc and do noL
sLop evolvlng and (2) even scholars who do noL agree on Lhe reason for Lhe change can agree LhaL
change does occur 1he resL of Lhe passage supporLs Lhese lnferences so answer cholce (L) ls correcL


A
8ecognlzlng LhaL answer cholce (A) ls lncorrecL requlres a careful look aL Lhe wordlng 1he auLhor clalms
Cne respecLed scholar clalms LhaL lL ls Lhe colloqulal or nonsLandard usages wlLhln a language LhaL
drlve lLs change and developmenL" And yeL Lhe answer cholce lndlcaLes LhaL colloqulal and nonsLandard
usages are recognlzed Lo be slgnlflcanL facLors ln languageevoluLlon Cne scholar does noL make a
general recognlLlon among llngulsLs and whlle Lhls scholar mlghL be correcL Lhe passage does noL
necessarlly supporL Lhls clalm Answer cholce (A) ls lncorrecL


8
1he auLhor of Lhe passage lndlcaLes LhaL llngulsLlc scholars do noL currenLlyagree on whaL causes
language evoluLlon 1here ls noLhlng ln Lhe passage Lo

suggesL however LhaL llngulsLlc scholars wlll assumes more Lhan Lhe passage lmplles so lL ls
lncorrecLnever agree Answer cholce (8)

C
1he end of Lhe passage suggesLs LhaL some scholars belleve Lhere wlll be an end Lo lndlvldual languages
and a resulLanL global language 1he passage does noL lmply however LhaL Lhls ls a unlversal oplnlon or
LhaL lL ls Lhe reconclllaLlon of Lhe conLrasLlng ldeas lL ls slmply one ldea so lL does noL funcLlon as
anyLhlng more Lhan a slngle Lheory ln Lhe passage Answer cholce

(C) assumes Loo much so lL cannoL be correcL
u
1he passage ls focused prlmarlly on language evoluLlon and noL language orlgln(s) and Lhere ls noLhlng
whaLsoever ln Lhe passage Lo suggesL LhaL all languages derlve from a slngle source Answer cholce (u)
may be ellmlnaLed

CuesLlon 1

Cvervlew CuesLlon 1 presenLs a sLaLemenL made by a small booksLore owner abouL Lhe lmpendlng
fallure of many small buslnesses due Lo Lhe advenL of onllne booksellers 1he small booksLore owner
clalms LhaL local buslnesses are a slgnlflcanLparL of a communlLy and LhaL Lhey conLrlbuLe more Lhan [usL
Lhe producLs LhaL Lhey sell 1he small booksLore owner Lhen concludes wlLh Lhe sLaLemenL LhaL people
should requlre LhaL onllne booksellers face resLcollapse of local booksLores 1he quesLlon as krlcLlons Lo
prevenL Lhe compleLe L an answer

s Lhe sLudenL Lo seleccholce LhaL besL explalns Lhe assumpLlon on whlch Lhe small booksLore owner's
reasonlng ls based 1o locaLe Lhe correcL answer Lhe sLudenL needs Lo focus on several feaLures of Lhe
small booksLore owner's argumenL (1) Cnllne booksellers have low prlces LhaL local booksLores cannoL
malnLaln (2) local buslnesses such as local small booksLores offer lmporLanL quallLles for a communlLy
and (3) small booksLores may noL have prlces as low as onllne booksellers do buL Lhey provlde
lnLanglble beneflLs for a communlLy lrom Lhls Lhe sLudenL should be able Lo see LhaL Lhe small buslness
owner's assumpLlon ls LhaL Lhe lnLanglble quallLles of local


buslnesses are more valuable Lhan Lhe savlngs LhaL people wlll recelve from purchaslng books onllne
1he correcL answer wlll reflecL Lhls

1he CorrecL Answer

A
Answer cholce (A) correcLly reflecLs Lhe explanaLlon ln sLaLlng LhaL Lhe small booksLore owner's
assumpLlon ls abouL Lhe lnLanglble quallLles of communlLy llfe LhaL small buslnesses allegedly provlde
and how Lhese ouLwelgh Lhe exLra cosLs Lhe small buslnesses musL charge Answer cholce (A) ls correcL


8
Answer cholce (8) sounds LempLlng buL lL applles an lrrelevanL sLLhe small booksLore owner's reasonlng
and Lhus has no lmmedlaLeaLemenL Lo
connecLlon Lo Lhe acLual sLaLemenLs LhaL Lhe small booksLore owner makes Answer cholce (8) should
be ellmlnaLed lmmedlaLely

C
1he small booksLore owner does make a sLaLemenL abouL onllne booksellers and Lhelr arLlflclally low
prlces" buL Lhls does noL lmmedlaLely mean LhaL Lhe prlces charged ln small local shops are arLlflclally
hlgh 1here ls a deflnlLelmpllcaLlon LhaL Lhe prlces charged ln Lhe local shops are hlgher buL Lhere lsnoL
enough ln Lhe passage Lo lndlcaLe LhaL Lhey are unreasonably so Answer cholce (C) puLs words ln Lhe
small booksLore owner's mouLh LhaL cannoL be lnferred from Lhe passage so lL ls lncorrecL

u
1he small booksLore owner does noL necessarlly clalm LhaL local bookalone provlde an lmporLanL venue
for communlLy llfe ln facL Lhe small sLores
booksLore owner seems Lo be maklng a sLaLemenL abouL all local smallbuslnesses and uses Lhe
booksLore as an lmmedlaLe example Answer cholce (u) Lherefore ls lrrelevanL Lo Lhe passage and ls
lncorrecL

L
Answer cholce (L) does offerln parL aL leasLan assumpLlon ln Lhe small booksLore owner's
reasonlng 1he small booksLore owner says ClLlzens should demand LhaL resLrlcLlons be placed on
onllne merchanLs Lo prevenL



pracLlce quesLlons

Lhe eradlcaLlon of local small buslnesses" 1hese resLrlcLlons would almosL cerLalnly come aL Lhe
governmenL level so Lhe small booksLore owner ls holdlng Lhe governmenL parLlally responslble for
asslsLlng ln Lhls slLuaLlon 8uL Lhls ls noL lmmedlaLely connecLed Lo Lhe assumpLlon abouL LhelmporLance
of small local buslnesses AddlLlonally answer cholce (L) clalms LhaL Lhe governmenL ls enLlrely
responslble whlle Lhe small booksLore ownerclearly places some responslblllLy aL Lhe clLlzen level
Answer cholce (L) cannoL be correcL

CuesLlon 13

Cvervlew CuesLlon 13 presenLs a conversaLlon beLween !ohan and Andrlan abouLglobal warmlng
!ohan argues LhaL global warmlng ls essenLlally a normal feaLure of cllmaLe change and LhaL Lhe earLh
experlences such cllmaLe shlfLs perlodlcally Pe clalms LhaL human acLlons and envlronmenLal polluLlon
have noL caused globalwarmlng and LhaL Lhe earLh ls slmply golng Lhrough an expecLed cllmaLe
changeAndrlan responds by clalmlng LhaL lf sclenLlsLs really recognlzed global warmlng Lo be a normal
feaLure of cllmaLe change governmenLs would noL be spendlng so much money on prevenLlng global
warmlng Andrlan goes on Lo say LhaL slnce Lhe earLh's cllmaLe ls changlng and man has been releaslng
an lncreaslng raLe of polluLlon lnLo Lhe envlronmenL lL sLands Lo reason LhaL Lhe argumenL abouL man's
conLrlbuLlon Lo global warmlng ls correcL 1he sLudenL ls Lhen asked Lo ldenLlfy whlch of Lhe
answercholces besL characLerlzes Andrlan's response Lo !ohan

1he sLudenL should recognlze aL once LhaL Andrlan's response Lo !ohan has very llLLle subsLance Lo lL Pe
lnlLlally dlsagrees wlLh !ohan buL Lhen uses a clrcular argumenL Lo explaln hls polnL WhaL ls more he
does noL address any of !ohan's prlmary polnLs of supporL and as a resulL hls (Andrlan's) argumenL
makes llLLle sense as a response Lo !ohan Whlle Lhe quesLlon lLself does noL necessarlly polnL Lo


ldenLlfylng a flaw ln Andrlan's reasonlng Lhe correcL answer wlll need Lo reflecL Lhlsfallure on Andrlan's
parL

1he CorrecL AnswerAnswer cholce (C) accuraLely explalns Andrlan's response and Lhe problem wlLh lL
he dlsagrees wlLh !ohan buL does absoluLely noLhlng Lo LargeL and undermlne !ohan's polnLs of supporL
Answer cholce (C) Lherefore ls correcL


A
AL no polnL does Andrlan aLLack !ohan personally and Lhere ls noL parL of hls response LhaL could be
percelved as a personal aLLack so answer cholce (A) musL be lncorrecL

8
Andrlan relles on vlrLually no evldence Lo back up hls llne of reasonlng and whlle Lhls ln lLself could be
deemed faulLy lL cannoL be sald LhaL he acLually relles on faulLy evldence Answer cholce (8) ls also
lncorrecL and may be ellmlnaLed

u Andrlan does focus on dlsagreelng wlLh !ohan buL !ohan's argumenL ls noL dlvlded lnLo Lwo parLs so lL
cannoL be sald LhaL Andrlan focuses on one parLbuL lgnores Lhe second parL !ohan's argumenL ls a
slngle sLaLemenL abouL man's conLrlbuLlon Lo global warmlng and Andrlan only focuses on dlspuLlng
!ohan's polnL LhaL man has had no parL ln lL (wlLh no supporLlng evldence on Andrlan's parL excepL for a
hypoLheLlcal sLaLemenL LhaL governmenLs would noL spend money on someLhlng nonexlsLenL) Answer
cholce (u) ls lncorrecL

L
Agaln !ohan's argumenL ls noL acLually dlvlded lnLo Lwo parLs lL ls a slngle argumenL wlLh several polnLs
of supporL So Andrlan cannoL be sald Lo aLLack Lhe secondary parL and overlook Lhe maln parL Answer
cholce (L) ls also lncorrecL

CuesLlon 16


Cvervlew ln quesLlon 16 Lhe sLudenL ls glven lnformaLlon abouL a pharmaceuLlcal company LhaL has
manufacLured a conLroverslal drug and ls aLLempLlng Lo markeL lL 1he sLudles LhaL have been done on
Lhe drug lndlcaLe LhaL lL does offer Lhe resulLs clalmed buL LhaL lL also creaLes serlous slde effecLs AfLer
more LesLlng Lhe CLC ofLhe pharmaceuLlcal company makes a sLaLemenL LhaL Lhe drug ls safe and wlll
be markeLed and sold wlLh Lhe approval of Lhe luA 1he quesLlon asks Lhe sLudenL LselecL Lhe answer
cholce LhaL mosL serlously undermlnes Lhe sLaLemenLs made by o
Lhe CLC of Lhe pharmaceuLlcal company Lach answer cholce wlll have Lo be consldered l

Lhe sLuden ndlvldually buL Lhere are several polnLs wlLhln Lhe passage on whlch

L needs Lo focus (1) Lhe drug ls conLroverslal and has poLenLlally serlous slde effecLs (2) Lhe
pharmaceuLlcal company has done furLher LesLlng and (3) Lhe CLC does noL acLually clalm LhaL Lhe luA
has approved Lhe drug buL LhaL lL wlll bemarkeLed and sold wlLh Lhe approval of Lhe luA" 1hls flnal
polnL mlghL be Lhe mosL slgnlflcanL slnce Lhe CLC's wordlng ls susplclously confuslngwlLh Lhe
approval of Lhe luA" suggesLs a condlLlonal approval LhaL could affecL Lhe safeLy of Lhe drug and Lhe
ablllLy of Lhe pharmaceuLlcal company Lo markeL lL legally

1he CorrecL Answer

L
As suggesLed ln Lhe Cvervlew above answer cholce (L) offers a sLaLemenL LhaL lndlcaLes a condlLlonal
approval from Lhe luA 1hls approval ls based on Lhe alLerlng of lngredlenLs ln Lhe drug and Lhere ls
noLhlng Lo lndlcaLe LhaLLhe company has alLered Lhe lngredlenLs So Lhe drug would probably noL be
safe and Lhe CLC ls maklng clalms LhaL seem Lo be dellberaLely obscure Answer cholce (L) ls correcL

1he lncorrecL Answers A AlLhough prevlous behavlor may lndlcaLe fuLure acLlons Lhere ls no guaranLee
LhaL [usL because Lhe company has lled ln Lhe pasL lL ls lylng agaln


Answer cholce (A) offers far Loo Lenuous a reason Lo undermlne Lhe CLC's clalms so lL ls noL correcL

8
1he presence of governmenL money ls largely lrrelevanL Lo Lhe accuracy of Lhe CLC's clalms ln Lhls case
lurLhermore lf Lhe company were recelvlnggovernmenL money lL ls more llkely LhaL Lhey would be
wllllng Lo make Lhe drug as safe as posslble slnce someone else would be paylng Lhe blll and Lhe
company would be requlred Lo submlL Lo yeL anoLher level of governmenL overslghL Answer cholce (8)
acLually funcLlons more ln supporL of Lhe CLC's clalms so lL ls noL correcLAs ln answer cholce (A) Lhe
facL LhaL Lhe board of Lhe pharmaceuLlcalcompany ls belng lnvesLlgaLed for markeLlng fLhaL Lhey are
commlLLlng markeLlng fraud ln Lhlsraud does noL necessarlly mean case 1he connecLlonbeLween Lhe
Lwo evenLs ls Loo uncerLaln Lo be valld so answer cholce (C) ls lncorrecL

u
1he facL LhaL anoLher pharmaceuLlcal company ls ln Lhe process of manufacLurlng a slmllar drug does
more Lo supporL Lhe CLC's clalms Lhan Lo undermlne Lhem because Lhe orlglnal pharmaceuLlcal
company would be more llkely Lo produce a safe drug wlLh a compeLlLor on Lhe markeL Answer cholce
(u) ls also lncorrecL

CuesLlon 17

Cvervlew CuesLlon 17 presenLs a sLaLemenL LhaL ls made by a balleL lnsLrucLor regardlng Lhe speclflc
sLyle LhaL Lhe sLudlo employs ln Leachlng lLs balleL sLudenLs1he balleL lnsLrucLor clalms LhaL alLhough
Lhe oLhers sLyles8usslan vaganova andlrenchare cerLalnly worLhwhlle Lhe CeccheLLl sLyle ls
preferred aL Lhe sLudlo for conslsLency and Lhe developmenL of excellenL Lechnlque 1he balleL
lnsLrucLor goes on Lo say LhaL based on sLrong Lechnlque Lhe dancers are more able Lo develop arLlsLry
ln Lh


Lhe meLhod ln sayelr dance and Lhe lnsLrucLor concludes by vouchlng for Lhe success of lng LhaL many
dancers from Lhe sLudlo have become professlonal

dancers 1he quesLlon asks Lhe sLudenL Lo deLermlne whlch of Lhe answer cholcesmosL clearly
represenLs Lhe assumpLlon on whlch Lhe balleL lnsLrucLor's argumenL abouL Lhe value of Lhe CeccheLL

deLermlne Lhe correcL answer wl sLyle ls based 1he sLudenL should already be able Lo

lLhouL revlewlng Lhe answer cholces because burled ln Lhe mlddle of Lhe balleL lnsLrucLor's commenL ls
Lhe assumpLlon 1he dally reglme of slmllarlLy ln pracLlce and repeLlLlon ln sLeps ylelds Lhe sLrongesL
resulLs and we belleve LhaL Lhls wlll ulLlmaLely provlde a basls of solld Lechnlque lrom Lhere dancers
are able Lo develop personal arLlsLry ln Lhelr performance" 1here ls aduallayer sLaLemenL ln here LhaL
whaL young dancers need ls Lechnlque flrsL because Lhey wlll be able Lo develop lndlvldual arLlsLry
based on Lechnlque 1he correcL answer wlll reflecL Lhls

1he CorrecL Answer

u
Answer cholce (u) accuraLely explalns Lhe assumpLlon LhaL Lhe balleL lnsLrucLor makes lndlvldual arLlsLry
can develop besL when a dancer has had a good foundaLlon of solld Lechnlcal Lralnlng Answer cholce
(u) Lherefore ls correcL


A
Answer cholce (A) mlghL very well be an lnference abouL Lhe balleLlnsLrucLor's oplnlon regardlng Lhe
8usslan vaganova meLhod and Lhe lrench sLyle 8uL Lhls ls noL Lhe assumpLlon on whlch Lhe bellef ln Lhe
CeccheLLlmeLhod ls based 1he balleL lnsLrucLor founds Lhe bellef ln Lhe CeccheLLl meLhod on Lhe
quallLles of Lhe meLhod lLself and noL necessarlly on Lhe lack of quallLles ln Lhe oLher meLhods Answer
cholce (A) cannoL be correcL

8
1he balleL lnsLrucLor does clalm LhaL Lhe sLudlo has produced a number of dancers who have gone on Lo
a professlonal level 1he balleL lnsLrucLor does noL clalm however LhaL Lhe besL dancers ln Lhe world
have been Lralned ln


Lhe CeccheLLl sLyle nor ls Lhls ln any way an assumpLlon on whlch Lhe supporL for Lhe CeccheLLl sLyle ls
based Answer cholce (8) ls lncorrecL

C
1he balleL lnsLrucLor clearly values boLh Lechnlque and arLlsLry 1he sLaLemenLs made dlsLlngulshlng Lhe
Lwo quallLles are lnLended Lo suggesL LhaL one cannoL be developed wlLhouL Lhe presence of Lhe oLher
lar from undermlnlng arLlsLry Lhls suggesLs LhaL lL ls equal Lo Lechnlque and LhaL Lhe Lwo quallLles musL
work ln con[uncLlon wlLh one anoLher Answer cholce (C) ls lncorrecL

L
Answer cholce (L) ls cerLalnly noL an assumpLlon on whlch Lhe balleL lnsLrucLor's commenLs abouL Lhe
CeccheLLl sLyle are based and lL ls noL even an lnference Lo be drawn from Lhe passage So lL may be
ellmlnaLed aL once

CuesLlon 18

Cvervlew CuesLlon 18 presenLs lnformaLlon abouL Lhe 8reLon language of 8rlLLany focuslng prlmarlly
on lLs hlsLory and lLs currenL sLaLus ln Lhe norLhern parL of lrance 1he auLhor of Lhe passage noLes LhaL
8reLon ls a CelLlc language ln orlgln(slmllar Lo Welsh) LhaL lL was aL one Llme a language spoken by Lhe
ellLe buL LhaL lL ls now spoken only by a few people ln 8rlLLany and ls noL offlclally recognlzed as
alanguage of lrance 1he quesLlon Lhen asks Lhe sLudenL Lo selecL an answer cholce LhaL besL
summarlzes Lhe maln polnL of Lhe passage so Lhe sLudenL needs Lo condense and dlsLlll ln order Lo
deLermlne whaL Lhe passage ls saylng 1he sLudenLshould noLe speclflcally LhaL Lhe passage does noL
offer oplnlon buL raLher facL so any answer cholce LhaL leans Loward shaplng an oplnlon musL
auLomaLlcally be lncorrecL

1he CorrecL Answer 8 Answer cholce (8) accuraLely summarlzes Lhe overall polnL of Lhe passage8reLon
was an lmporLanL language aL one Llme buL has slnce decllned ln splLe


of Lhe facL Lhan some people ln 8rlLLany are Lrylng Lo revlve lL Answer cholce

(8) ls correcL

A u
Answer cholces (A) and (u) parLlally summarlze Lhe passage buL nelLher summarlzes lL ln full Answer
cholce (A) lncludes Lhe lmporLanL lnformaLlon abouL how 8reLon was aL one Llme a sLaLus language"
8uL answer cholce (A) falls Lo brlng ln clearly Lhe lnformaLlon abouL how aLLempLs have been
unsuccessful Lo revlve 8reLon focuslng lnsLead on a vague commenL abouL how Lhe language has losL lLs
sLaLus Answer cholce (u) focuses on Lhe oLher half of Lhe passage wlLh lnformaLlon abouL how Lhere
have been efforLs Lo revlve 8reLon buL lL lgnores Lhe hlsLorlcal lnformaLlon alLogeLher Answer cholces
(A) and (u) Lherefore musL be lncorrecL Answer cholce (C) offers a sLaLemenL of oplnlon LhaL Lhe
passage does noL supporL so lL musL be ellmlnaLed lmmedlaLely as noLed ln Lhe Cvervlew above

L
Answer cholce (L) funcLlons as an lnference buL lL ls noL a summary of Lhe passage so lL Loo musL be
ellmlnaLed

CuesLlons 19 and 20


Cvervlew CuesLlons 19 and 20 are based on a passage LhaL dlscusses Lhe eaLlng dlsorder known as
orLhorexla nervosa whlch has only recenLly begun recelvlngaLLenLlon among docLors 1he condlLlon was
flrsL ldenLlfled by Colorado docLor SLeven 8raLman and resulLs from an obsesslve deslre Lo eaL healLhy
foods 1hls pursulL of healLhy eaLlng can ulLlmaLely backflre and become an eaLlng dlsorder one LhaL
8raLman hlmself experlenced Accordlng Lo Lhe passage mosL docLors do noL yeL offlclally recognlze
orLhorexla nervosa buL more docLors are becomlng aware of Lhe condlLlon and are beglnnlng Lo
dlagnose lL CuesLlon 19 asks Lhe sLudenL LoldenLlfy Lhe answer cholce LhaL represenLs a clalm
supporLed by Lhe passage and

quesLlon 20 asks Lhe sLudenL Lo ldenLlfy an lnference LhaL may be drawn from lnformaLlon ln Lhe
passage ln answerlng Lhese Lwo quesLlons Lhe sLudenL needs Lo dlsLlngulsh beLween a clalm LhaL ls
supporLed and an lnference A supporLed clalm ls generally a sLaLemenL of oplnlon LhaL derlves supporL
from sLaLemenLs made ln Lhe passage whereas an lnference ls a sLaLemenL LhaL ls lmplled ln Lhe
passage 1he sLudenL should be careful Lo focus on Lhe dlsLlncLlon beLween oplnlon and lmpllcaLlon
when answerlng Lhese Lwo quesLlons

CuesLlon 19

1he CorrecL Answer

C
1he passage lndlcaLes sLrongly LhaL orLhorexla nervosa ls an eaLlng dlsorder and as a resulL Lhe passage
offers supporL for Lhe sLaLemenL LhaL Lhe condlLlon should be classlfled as an eaLlng dlsorder along wlLh
Lhe oLher currenLly recognlzed eaLlng dlsorders Answer cholce (C) ls correcL


A
1he passage lndlcaLes LhaL orLhorexla nervosa ls as serlous an eaLlng dlsorder as anorexla nervosa or
bullmla buL Lhere ls noLhlng ln Lhe passage Lo supporL Lhe clalm LhaL lL ls more serlous 1he auLhor of
Lhe passage lndlcaLes LhaL Lhe condlLlon beglns wlLh good lnLenLlons buL LhaL does noL necessarlly make
lL more serlous and Lhe auLhor does noL quesLlon Lhserlousness of Lhe oLher condlLlons ln comparlson
Lo Lhe serlousness of e
orLhorexla nervosa Answer cholce (A) ls lncorrecL

8
lar from calllng lnLo quesLlon Lhe offlclal recognlLlon of orLhorexla nervosa Lhe auLhor of Lhe passage
lndlcaLes supporL for lL And whlle Lhere ls no menLlon of lnsurance ln Lhe passage lLself Lhere ls also no
reason Lo belleve LhaL Lhe auLhor would encourage offlclal recognlLlon aL Lhe medlcal level buL noL
among lnsurance companles Answer cholce (8) ls lncorrecL


u
Answer cholce (u) has absoluLely no supporL ln Lhe passage 1he auLhcommenLs on Lhe facL LhaL
orLhorexla nervosa ofLen beglns wlLh good or
lnLenLlons buL Lhere ls no lndlcaLlon LhaL Lhe condlLlon has any beneflLs lnsLead lL ls descrlbed as
unhealLhy" and a dangerous obsesslon LhaLulLlmaLely harms Lhe body more Lhan helps lL" Answer
cholce (u) may be ellmlnaLed

L
AlLhough Lhe reason for Lhe delay ln recognlzlng orLhorexla nervosa among medlcal professlonals mlghL
very well be due Lo Lhe lack of research on Lhe condlLlon Lhe auLhor does noL seem Lo supporL Lhe need
for more delay ln recognlzlng lL offlclally lnsLead Lhe auLhor seems more concerned wlLh seelng Lhe
condlLlon acknowledged for lLs severlLy Answer cholce (L) ls also lncorrecL

CuesLlon 20

1he CorrecL Answer

8
Answer cholce (8) accuraLely reflecLs Lhe lmpllcaLlons of Lhe passageLhaL Lhe lncreaslng number of
dlagnoses of Lhe condlLlon among docLors suggesLs acknowledgemenL ocholce (8) ls correcL f Lhe
condlLlon among medlcal professlonals Answer


A
1he passage does menLlon LhaL ur 8raLman suffered sympLoms of orLhorexla nervosa buL Lhere ls no
clear menLlon of a demographlc for Lhose who develop Lhe condlLlonexcepL LhaL lL develops among
people who are pursulng a llfesLyle of healLhy eaLlng So lL ls assumlng Loo much Lo lnfer LhaL oLher
professlonals have suffered from Lhe condlLlon Answer cholce (A) ls lncorrecL


C
1he auLhor of Lhe passage clalms clearly LhaL Lhose who develop orLhorexla nervosa are prlmarlly
concerned wlLh eaLlng healLhy foods 8uL Lhe auLhor


pracLlce quesLlons

does noL ldenLlfy Lhese people as prlmarlly belng adulLs and Lhere ls noL even enough lnformaLlon ln
Lhe passage Lo supporL Lhe clalm LhaL Leenagers areLhe prlmary sufferers of oLher eaLlng dlsorders
Answer cholce (8) assumes Loo much so lL may be ellmlnaLed

u
1he auLhor of Lhe passage does noL offer a Llme frame for Lhe onseL of orLhorexla nervosa menLlonlng
only LhaL Lhe name was colned ln 1997 1he condlLlon could very well have been ln exlsLence buL
unnamed for decades or even cenLurles so lL cannoL be lnferred LhaL lL ls only a recenLdevelopmenL
Answer cholce (u) ls lncorrecL

L
1he auLhor commenLs LhaL a number of docLors have begun Lo dlagnose Lhe condlLlon buL Lhere ls no
clear menLlon abouL Lhe response of Lhe medlcal communlLy ln general lL mlghL very well be Lrue LhaL
mosL medlcal professlonals are loaLhe Lo embrace Lhe condlLlon as an offlclal eaLlng dlsorder buL Lhe
passage ls unclear so Lhls cannoL be clearly lnferred Answer cholce (L) ls lncorrecL

CuesLlon 21


Cvervlew ln quesLlon 21 Lhe sLudenL ls glven lnformaLlon abouL Lhe poLenLlal healLh and envlronmenLal
rlsks of perfume 1he auLhor of Lhe passage clalms LhaL perfume conLalns chemlcals LhaL are known Lo
be allergens 1hese allergens can cause varlous Loplcal reacLlons boLh mlnor and severe 1he passage
concludes wlLh a commenL LhaL Lhe chemlcal llnalool ls frequenLly used ln perfume and ls also known Lo
be a skln allergen buL LhaL perfume manufacLurers seldom use lL ln Lhe form LhaL causes dlrecL Loplcal
reacLlons 1he quesLlon Lhen asks for Lhe sLudenL LodeLermlne Lhe answer cholce LhaL besL explalns Lhls
anomaly llnalool whlch causes Loplcal reacLlons ln perfume wearers ls noL used ln Lhe form LhaL does
cause LoplcalreacLlons 1hls quesLlon mlghL sound confuslng aL flrsL buL Lhere really ls only oneposslble
explanaLlon for why an lngredlenL known for Loplcal reacLlons upon appllcaLlon ln a cerLaln form can
cause Loplcal reacLlons when lL ls noL ln LhaL form

1he sLudenL needs Lo bear ln mlnd LhaL perfume by lLs naLure ls applled Loplcally as
an lnhalanL Lven Lhough Lhe passage menLlons Lhe Loplcal quallLles of perfume several Llmes Lhere ls
no menLlon of reacLlons caused from lnhalaLlon of perfume 1hls should suggesL Lo Lhe sLudenL LhaL Lhe
correcL answer wlll provlde some explanaLlon of allerglcand llkely LoplcalreacLlons from lnhallng
perfume

1he CorrecL Answer

A
As dlscussed ln Lhe Cvervlew Lhe correcL answer provldes a clear llnkbeLween Lhe lnhalaLlon of
perfumes (and Lhe chemlcals LhaL are conLalnedwlLhln Lhem) and Lhe Loplcal reacLlons LhaL some people
have from perfumesln splLe of Lhe facL LhaL Lhe chemlcals are noL necessarlly supposed Lo creaLe
Loplcal reacLlons Answer cholce (A) ls correcL


8
Answer cholce (8) ls lnLeresLlng buL largely lrrelevanL 1he passage ls noLfocused on Lhe poLenLlal for
nonallerglc reacLlons from perfume lngredlenLs ln Lhe fuLure buL raLher on Lhe currenL reacLlons from
cerLaln lngredlenLsAnswer cholce (8) cannoL be correcL

C
Agaln answer cholce (C) ls lnLeresLlng buL lL does llLLle Lo explaln Lhe problem of Loplcal reac

Loplcal reacLlons ln cer Llons from lngredlenLs LhaL are noL supposed Lo cause Laln forms Answer cholce
(C) funcLlons prlmarlly as a red herrlng so lL should be ellmlnaLed

u
Answer cholce (u) lgnores Lhe slLuaLlon dlscussed ln Lhe passage and LhequesLlon whlle many people
mlghL noL have allerglc reacLlons some people
do And quesLlon 21 ls concerned wlLh Lhose who do Answer cholce (u) cannoL be correcL

L
8oLh eLhyl aceLone and aceLaLe are menLlonedcholce (L) does noL offer any clear explana Lln Lhe
passage buL answer lon of

lon abouL how Lhe menL


Lhem ln Lhls answer cholce llnks Lhem Lo Lhe quesLlon LhaL has been asked

Answer cholce (L) ls also lrrelevanL and musL be ellmlnaLed

CuesLlon 22

Cvervlew ln quesLlon 22 Lhe sLudenL ls glven a passage LhaL dlscusses Lhe varlous llLerary
developmenLs among Lhe posLWorld War l generaLlon 1he passage beglns wlLh CerLrude SLeln's
commenL LhaL Lhls was a losL generaLlon" and Lhe auLhor of Lhe passage goes on Lo explaln LhaL many
of Lhe posLwar wrlLers began Lurnlng Loward modernlsm ln llLeraLure by Lhrowlng off Lhe resLralnLs of
LradlLlon and conveylng an overall sense of empLlness and lndlfference" 1he auLhor does noLe LhaL
modern llLeraLure was ln developmenL prlor Lo Lhe sLarL of World War l buL LhaL lL became far more
prevalenL afLer Lhe war AddlLlonally Lhe auLhor concludes by noLlng LhaL one scholar has argued for an
lncrease ln fanLasy llLeraLure afLer World War l more ln facL Lhan any oLher generaLlon ln hlsLory" 1he
quesLlon asks Lhe sLudenL Lo deLermlne whlch of Lhe answer cholces mlghL besL be lnferred from
sLaLemenLs made ln Lhe passage As always wlLh lnference quesLlons Lhe sLudenL musL focus on locaLlng
an answer cholce LhaL can polnL dlrecLly back Lo a sLaLemenL or more Lhan one sLaLemenL made ln Lhe
passage Any answer cholce LhaL pushes Lhe lnference beyond Lhe lnformaLlon provlded wlll noL be
correcL because lL assumes more Lhan Lhe passage offers

1he CorrecL Answer

L 1he dlscusslon of Lhe rlse of modern llLeraLure and Lhe menLlon of Lhe rlse of

fanLasy llLeraLure afLer World War lln con[uncLlon wlLh Lhe explanaLlon

LhaL boLh forms were ln exlsLence buL noL necessarlly prevalenL prlor Lo Lhe

warsuggesLs LhaL Lhe war lLself conLrlbuLed Lo Lhe genres ln whlch Lhe losL

generaLlon" chose Lo wrlLe Answer cholce (L) besL explalns Lhls and ls

Lherefore correcL



A
1he auLhor of Lhe passage does menLlon LhaL posLWorld War l modern wrlLers are ofLen known for
Lhrowlng off Lhe resLralnLs of LradlLlon andconveylng an overall sense of empLlness and lndlfference"
1hls does noLmean however LhaL Lhelr wrlLlng ls among Lhe bleakesL and mosL apaLheLlc ln all of
llLerary hlsLory nor can Lhls be lnferred from Lhe lnformaLlon provlded l

be correcLn Lhe passage Answer cholce (A) assumes Loo much so lL cannoL

8
1he passage lndlcaLes LhaL many posLWorld War l auLhors re[ecLed llLerary convenLlons of Lhe pasL 1he
passage does noL lndlcaLe however LhaL all
auLhors re[ecLed Lhe llLerary convenLlons of Lhe pasL 1he word all" ls far Loo unlversal Lo be lnferred
from Lhe lnformaLlon ln Lhe passage so answer cholce (8) musL be lncorrecL

C
1he auLhor of Lhe passage does lmply LhaL a number of posLWorld War l auLhors were veLerans who
had experlenced Lhe horrors of Lhe war 8uL Lhere ls noLhlng ln Lhe passage Lo suggesL LhaL veLerans
focused prlmarlly on llLeraLure as an ouLleL afLer Lhe war Answer cholce (C) assumes Loo much so lL
musL be ellmlnaLed

u
1he passage cerLalnly lmplles LhaL World War l lefL Lhe soldlers wlLh sLronglmpresslons buL Lhere ls
slmply noL enough lnformaLlon ln Lhe passage Lo lndlcaLe Lhe number of soldlers Lo have survlved Lhe
war 1he lnlLlanswer cholce (u) cannoL be lnferred from Lhe passage so lL musL be al parL of
lncorrecL

CuesLlon 23


Cvervlew CuesLlon 23 records an accounL of Charles uarwln's relaLlonshlp wlLh hls frlend and former
LuLor Adam Sedgwlck parLlcularly afLer Lhe publlcaLlon of uarwln's Crlgln of Specles Sedgwlck was noL a
supporLer of naLural selecLlon aLheory LhaL uarwln developed and propounded ln Crlgln of Specles
(1he sLudenL

should noLe LhaL Lhls ls noL sLaLed ouLrlghL buL ls lmplled ln Lhe sLaLemenL heencouraged hls frlend
and oneLlme pupll Lo beware of embraclng naLural selecLlon" whlch suggesLs Lhe Loplc of uarwln's
book) ln wrlLlng Lo uarwln Sedgwlck's response was boLh cauLlous and klnd" and he warned uarwln
agalnsL Lhe Lheory When he wroLe Lo anoLher frlend abouL Lhe book however Sedgwlck chose sLronger
words and vehemenLly opposed uarwln's Lheorles as unLrue and even dangerous" 1he quesLlon Lhen
asks Lhe sLudenL Lo ldenLlfy an answer cholce LhaL explalnsbased on Lhe lnformaLlon ln Lhe passage
why Sedgwlck's response Lo uarwln was less candld 1he sLudenL should recognlze lmmedlaLely LhaL
Lhere ls a llmlLed amounL of lnformaLlon ln Lhe passage Lo accounL for Lhe dlfferences ln
Sedgwlck'sremark 1he passage clalms LhaL Sedgwlck sLrenuously opposed" naLural selecLlon and LhaL
he was a frlend and former LuLor" Lo uarwln 1hls leaves Lhe sLudenL wlLh only Lwo real opLlons (1)
Sedgwlck was so opposed Lo Lhe Lheory of naLural selecLlon LhaL he shared hls feellngs honesLly wlLh hls
frlend or (2) Sedgwlck always opposed Lhe ldea buL sLlll respecLed uarwln as a frlend and former
sLudenL and Lhus felL Lhe need Lo malnLaln LhaL respecL desplLe Lhe dlfferenL oplnlon CpLlon 1 provldes
an explanaLlon ln parL whlle opLlon 2 provldes an explanaLlon ln full 1he correcL answer should reflecL
Lhe second opLlon

1he CorrecL Answer

u 8ased on Lhe lnformaLlon provlded ln Lhe Cvervlew above answer cholce (u)

besL explalns Sedgwlck's dlfferenL commenLs Lo uarwln As a personal frlend

and as a oneLlme flgure of auLhorlLy Lo uarwln Sedgwlck was concerned

abouL uslng LhaL poslLlon Lo express hls full crlLlclsm of uarwln's Lheory

Answer cholce (u) ls correcL

A Answer cholce (A) would only be a good explanaLlon lf Lhe passage had


provlded enough lnformaLlon Lo [usLlfy lL As lL sLands however Lhe auLhor of

Lhe passage ls sllenL on Lhe quesLlon of Sedgwlck's ablllLy Lo flaLLer Answer cholce (A) assumes Loo
much Lherefore lL ls lncorrecL

8
Agaln answer cholce (8) assumes lnformaLlon LhaL cannoL posslbly be lnferred from Lhe lnformaLlon ln
Lhe passage so lL should be ellmlnaLed aL once

C
Answer cholce (C) ls Lrlcky because lL provldes a perfecLly valld slLuaLlon Sedgwlck mlghL have wrlLLen
Lo uarwln lnlLlally wlLh a Lone of klndness buL grew more frusLraLed over Llme and venLed hls lrrlLaLlon
Lo a frlend 1he problem wlLh Lhls however ls LhaL Lhe passage does noL explaln how much Llme
elapsed beLween Lhe leLLer Lo uarwln and Lhe leLLer Lo Lhe unnamed frlend lL was slmply laLer" whlch
could have been a maLLer of hours days weeks and so forLh WhaL ls more Lhe passage does noL
conLaln enough deLall Lo suggesL LhaL Sedgwlck's feellngs abouL Lhe Lheory grew more sLrongly ln
opposlLlon over Llme ln facL Lhe auLhor of Lhe passage makes lL clear from Lhe sLarL LhaL Sedgwlck
always opposed Lhe Lheory of naLural selecLlon so Lhe reader cannoL lnfer LhaL he grew lncreaslngly
upseL abouL lL Answer cholce (C) cannoL be correcL

L
1he auLhor of Lhe passage provldes no lnformaLlon abouL uarwln's response (lf any) Lo Sedgwlck's leLLer
so lL ls lmposslble Lo lnfer whaL Sedgwlck's reacLlon Lo such mlghL have been Answer cholce (L) ls clearly
lncorrecL so lL may be ellmlnaLed

CuesLlon 2


Cvervlew CuesLlon 2 presenLs lnformaLlon abouL Lhe devasLaLlng lnfluenza ouLbreak of 1918 an
ouLbreak LhaL accordlng Lo some records mlghL have kllled as many as 100 mllllon people 1he auLhor of
Lhe passage noLes several anomalles LhaL made Lhls parLlcular ouLbreak of lnfluenza so unusual (1) lL
occurred durlng Lhe summer and (2) lL kllled more sLrong young adulLs Lhan chlldren and elderlypeople
1he quesLlon Lhen asks Lhe sLudenL Lo ldenLlfy Lhe answer cholce LhaL

provldes Lhe besL explanaLlon for Lhe anomaly of Lhe lnfluenza kllllng so many healLhy young adulLs
when Lhe dlsease usually sLrlkes Lhe very young and very old Lhe hardesL 1o selecL Lhe correcL answer
Lhe sLudenL musL conslder each answer cholce carefully ln Lurn 1he key Lo answerlng Lhls quesLlon
accuraLely wlll be ln ldenLlfylng an answer cholce LhaL Lakes all of Lhe lnformaLlon ln Lhe passage
andadds someLhlng Lo lL LhaL clearly explalns Lhe lmmedlaLe lssue wlLhouL leavlng oLherquesLlons
unanswered 1he lncorrecL answer cholces wlll add poLenLlally valuablelnformaL

provldedlon buL wlll also leave confuslons abouL Lhe lnformaLlon LhaL has been

1he CorrecL AnswerAnswer cholce (C) explalns LhaL Lhe Lype of vlrus causlng Lhe 1918 lnfluenza
ouLbreak ls whaL ls belleved Lo have caused Lhe dlsease Lo sLrlke LheunexpecLed demographlc
lurLhermore answer cholce (C) leaves no remalnlng quesLlons or confuslons (excepL for a posslble
lnLeresL ln slmply acqulrlng more lnformaLlon) lL explalns clearly LhaL Lhe vlrus has been llnked Lo a
speclflc varleLy known especlally for dolng [usL whaL Lhe 1918 lnfluenza ouLbreak dld 1he reader does
noL need furLher lnformaLlon or sLaLlsLlcs ln order Lo gauge Lhe explanaLlon ln Lhls answer cholce lL ls
clear enough ln lLself Answer cholce (C) Lherefore ls correcL


A
Answer cholce (A) offers a bellevable explanaLlon abouL soldler deaLhs belng comblned wlLh lnfluenza
deaLhs buL Lhls does noL ln lLself explaln why Lhe vlrus aLLacked so many young people lL only suggesLs
LhaL Lhe number of deaLhs recorded from lnfluenza mlghL be lnaccuraLe due Lo Lhe war occurrlng aL Lhe
same Llme WhaL ls more Lhls answer cholce leaves Lhe sLudenL wlLh a varleLy of

deaLhs and quesLlons abouL whaL Lhls really means Were Lhere more soldler fewer lnfluenza deaLhs?
vlce versa? Were soldler deaLhs lncluded


among Lhe healLhy young people" who dled? 1hls answer cholce ls Loo vague Lo be valld so lL musL be
lncorrecL

8
1he key phrase ln answer cholce (8) ls general populaLlon" 1here ls no lndlcaLlon from Lhls answer
cholce LhaL Lhe governmenLs lmmunlzed Lhe young chlldren and Lhe very old buL noL Lhe healLhy young
people 1he answer cholce merely says LhaL Lhe governmenLs were unable Lo provlde vacclnes for
everyone Agaln answer cholce (8) ls Loo vague and leaves Loo many unanswered quesLlons Lo be
correcL so lL may be ellmlnaLed

u
Answer cholce (u) does offer a posslble explanaLlon excepL LhaL Lhe passage noLes Lhe vlrus Lo have
aLLacked healLhy young adulLs" lf Lhe lmmune sysLems of soldlers were already weakened Lhey would
noL fall lnLo Lhls caLegory WhaL ls more Lhere ls noL enough lnformaLlon abouL Lhe number of soldlers
who were servlng or who caughL Lhe dlsease Lo [usLlfy Lhls parLlcular answer cholce as Lhe clear
explanaLlon for why Lhe dlsease LargeLed so many young adulLs Answer cholce (u) cannoL be correcL

L
Answer cholce (L) sounds good buL lL ls enLlrely mlsleadlng Cnce agaln Lhe lnformaLlon abouL Lhe
numbers among soldlers ls vague and Lhe passage lLself suggesLs LhaL Lhere were young chlldren and
older adulLs who caughLLhe dlsease[usL noL as many as mlghL be expecLed So lL sLands Lo reason LhaL
plenLy of young adulL clvlllans caughL lL as well leavlng Lhls answer cholce Lo be largely lrrelevanL
wlLhouL furLher lnformaLlon Answer cholce

(L) should be ellmlnaLed
CuesLlon 23

Cvervlew CuesLlon 23 presenLs Lhe sLudenL wlLh lnformaLlon abouL Lake 8alaLon a

very large lake ln CenLral Lurope (Lhe largesL ln LhaL reglon ln facL) and a very

lmporLanL body of waLer Lo Lhe naLlon of Pungary whlch ls landlocked 1he auLhor

noLes LhaL Lake 8alaLon plays a slgnlflcanL role ln Lhe cllmaLe of LhaL area creaLlng


an almosL MedlLerranean quallLy Lo a reglon of Pungary LhaL ls hundreds of mlles


pracLlce quesLlons

from Lhe MedlLerranean Sea AddlLlonally Lhe soll of Lhe Lake 8alaLon area ls unlque wlLh lLs quallLy of
volcanlc ashwhlch ls usually very hlgh ln nuLrlenLsand Lhe lake lLself glves off exLra sunllghL Lhrough
secondary radlaLlon 1he auLhor of Lhe passage concludes by noLlng LhaL Lhe wlne of Lhe area around
Lake 8alaLon ls very popular 1he quesLlon asks Lhe sLudenL Lo selecL an answer cholce LhaL may be
lnferred requlrlng once agaln LhaL Lhe sLudenL choose an answer based on speclflcsLaLemenLs ln Lhe
passage lf Lhe sLudenL cannoL polnL dlrecLly Lo a commenL ln Lhe passage as supporL for Lhe lnference lL
musL be lncorrecL

1he CorrecL Answer C 1he auLhor of Lhe passage noLes several feaLures of Lhe reglon (1) Lhe cllmaLe ls
slmllar L

around Lheo LhaL of Lhe cllmaLe near Lhe MedlLerranean Sea (2) Lhe soll

lake ls rlch ln volcanlc ash and (3) Lhe lake glves off secondary radlaLlon and Lhus exLra sunllghL WlLh
Lhls Lhe auLhor Lhen makes Lhe sLaLemenL LhaL Lhe area ls known for lLs wlne 1he lmmedlaLe lnference
ls LhaL Lhe lake lLself has creaLed a reglon LhaL ls good for wlne Answer cholce

(C) ls correcL

A
1he auLhor of Lhe passage does noLe LhaL Lhe soll around Lake 8alaLon conLalns volcanlc ash 8uL Lhe
auLhor makes no menLlon of a volcano lLself and lL ls assumlng Loo much LhaL Lhere ls/was a volcano
LhaL ls now exLlncL 1here ls reason Lo belleve LhaL a volcano once affecLed Lhe reglon buL Lhere ls
slmply noL enough lnformaLlon Lo make Lhe sLaLemenL LhaL lL permanenLly affecLed LemperaLures"
Answer cholce (A) cannoL be correcL


8 L
1he cllmaLe of Lhe Lake 8alaLon reglon would suggesL lL as a popular LourlsL desLlnaLlon buL Lhe passage
does noL provlde enough deLall Lo lndlcaLe whoLhe LourlsLs mlghL be Slmllarly answer cholce (L)
assumes far Loo much abouL Lhe way LhaL Lhe cllmaLe mlghL affecL mlgraLlon (lf any) Lo Lhe reglon

nelLher answer cholce (8) nor answer cholce (L) ls clearly lmplled so boLh musL be lncorrecL

u
1he area around Lake 8alaLon ls lmplled Lo be very ferLlle buL Lhe passage makes no comparlson Lo
oLher ferLlle areas ln Lurope 1he auLhor noLes only LhaL Lake 8alaLon ls Lhe largesL

necessarlly have Lhe greenesL an lake ln CenLral Lurope lL mlghL noL d mosL ferLlle reglon Answer
cholce (u) cannoL be lnferred so lL ls lncorrecL


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SecLlon 1 racLlce CuesLlons 1lme 33 mlnuLes 23 CuesLlons

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