Motivation

O Motivation is the driving Iorce which help causes us to achieve goals

O the processes that account Ior an individual`s intensity, direction, and persistence oI eIIort
toward attaining a goal
-0.tiv08 of th0 Study
O %o describe the Early %heories oI Motivation
O %o discuss about Motivation %echniques
O %o discuss about Motivational oI %ools
arly th0ori08 of motivation
O Maslow`s Hierarchy oI Needs theory
- Physiological: Include hunger, Iood ,thirst ,shelter and other bodily need
- SaIety Needs: Includes security and protection Irom physical and emotional harm
- Social Needs: Includes aIIection ,Iriendship and belongingness
- Esteem Needs: Includes selI respect ,prestige ,desire oI strength ,conIidence, appreciation
- SelI actualization Needs:-Includes selI satisIaction, selI status, peace, religion

O ouglas Mcgregor`s %heory X and %heory Y
%heory X
Employees are inherently lazy and will avoid work
orkers need to be closely supervised
Managers against workers, workers against managers

%heory Y
Employees may beambitious, selI-motivated, and anxious to accept greater
responsibility, and exercise selI-control, selI-direction, autonomy and
empowerment.
Employees enjoy their mental and physical work duties.
II given the chance employees have the desire to be creative and Iorward thinking
in the workplace



O Herzberg`s %wo Factor theory
Motivators Iactors or Intrinsic Iactor
- Advancement
- Recognition
- Responsibility
- Achievement


Hygiene Iactors or Extrinsic Iactors
- Company policy
- Supervision
- orking Condition
- Interpersonal relation
- Salary
Motivating mploy008 in rganization8
O Recognize individual diIIerences
O &se goals and Ieedback
O Include employees in decision-making
O ink rewards to perIormance
O Maintain equity

Motivational tool8
O Management by objective (MBO)
O Employee Recognition Programs
O Employee involvement programmes;
- Participative management
- Representative participation
- Emloyee stock ownership plan
- Eployment empowerment
O Participative management
O Reward Systems: Extrinsic and Intrinsic Rewards


on.lu8ion
O Motivated employees are more productive.
O EIIective motivation is needed in organisation Ior better perIormance oI employees.
O Motivation helps to achieve desire level oI perIormance.

S.op0
. Motivation is what keeps anyone going on
2. Every action has got some motive
3. Everyone knows liIe is Iull oI ups and downs and in those ups and downs motivation is the
thing that makes us keep going
4. Motivation is the Iuel Ior the journey to achievement oI any organizational or personal goal
5. Its true that today money speaks the every language but motivation is the language oI
leadership


limit
1. It needs skilled men Ior designing and testing the interpretations oI Iindings.
2. %he sample is limited and so lacks conIidence in conclusions.

3. It can be used at the beginning oI a detailed research in view oI its penetrative and exploratory
capacities.

4. More detailed study can be designed on the basis oI hypothesis (suggestion) drawn Irom such
preliminary tests.

6. By direct questioning no correct answer is expected especially in sensitive areas.
. Maslow's need theory has practical limitations in translating needs into something
operational, since the criteria Ior satisIying social needs diIIer Irom individual to individual

8. %he theories and approaches to motivation have a homogeneous view oI individuals.
However, people`s motivation and attitude to work are inIluenced by age, sex, income, job
type and diIIerences in organizational structures

9. Managers need to discover how motivation varies in diIIerent cultures
.