LTE systems: overview

Luca Reggiani

LTE overview

December, 2009

Outline

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Standard status Signal structure Signal generation Physical layer procedures System architecture References

LTE overview

December, 2009

Standard status

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Long Term Evolution Release 8: Dec. 2009 www.3gpp.org 3GPP - Series 36: 1xx RF processing aspects 2xx Physical layer MAC, RRC [layer 1] 3xx [layer 2,3]
Peak rate: 150, 300 Mbps (MIMO Downlink), 75 Mbps (Uplink)

LTE overview

December, 2009

Signal structure

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FDD (Half or Full duplex): (time)frame structure 1 TDD: (time)frame structure 2 Bandwidths: 1.4 - 20 MHz Carriers for FDD and TDD: GHz, several bandwidths in 698 915 MHz, 1.4 GHz, 1.7 2 2.3 2.5GHz

Downlink resource allocation: OFDMA x frame Uplink resource allocation: SC-OFDM x frame The downlink and uplink (time, frequency) grids are composed by resource blocks of 12 sub-carriers (frequency spacing of 15 kHz 180 kHz) x 0.5 ms, equal to 1 (time)slot. A user is assigned a rectangular set of resource blocks.

LTE overview

December, 2009

Signal structure

Downlink / Uplink Frame - FDD Radio frame 1 = 10 ms

Subframe

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Slot number resource block (RB)

18

19

..

N subcarriers

resource element = 1 sub-carrier x 1 OFDMA symbol time

..

LTE overview

December, 2009

Signal structure

Downlink / Uplink Frame - TDD Radio frame 2 = 2 half-frames = 2 x 5 ms

Subframe

3/3

Slot number resource block (RB)

resource element = 1 sub-carrier x 1 SC-OFDM symbol time

Several uplink/downlink divisions of subframes

N subcarriers

Subframe number 0

DwPTS, GP, UpPTS

DwPTS, GP, UpPTS

..

LTE overview

December, 2009

Signal generation

Downlink OFDMA

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Main operations for downlink signal generation (multiple antennas)

Encoding

Scrambling

Modulation

Element mapper

OFDM modulator

..

Layer mapper

Precoder

..
OFDM modulator

Encoding

Scrambling

Modulation

Element mapper

LTE overview

December, 2009

Signal generation

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Encoding

Channels UL-SCH, DL-SCH (UL-, DL- Shared)

Code

Turbo parallel code, R = 1/3 PCH (Paging), MCH (Multicast) BCH (Broadcast) Tailbiting convolutional code, R = 1/3

Modulation: QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM

LTE overview

December, 2009

Physical layer procedures

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Synchronization Cell search Timing Power control Downlink: Uplink: Random access Reporting of several measurements / indicators: e.g. channel quality indication (CQI) Link adaptation: AMC (adaptive modulation and coding). energy per resource element average power over an SC-FDMA symbol

LTE overview

December, 2009

System architecture
Network

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MME / S-GW

MME / S-GW

eNB #1 UE eNB #1 eNB #2 UE

E-UTRAN: eNBs providing the E-UTRA user plane (PDCP/RLC/MAC/PHY) and control plane (RRC) protocol for the UEs. eNBs are interconnected with each other by means of X2 interface. eNBs are connected by means of the S1MME interface to the MME (Mobility Management Entity) and to the Serving Gateway (S-GW) by means of the S1-U (EPC, Evolved Packet Core).

LTE overview

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December, 2009

System architecture
Protocol stack

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eNB Inter cell RRM RBC CMC RAC Measurements Scheduler

MME NAS security Idle state mobility EPS BC

P-GW UE PDCP RLC MAC PHY RRC PDCP RLC MAC PHY Layer 1 Layer 2 S-GW Mobility Layer 3 UE IP address allocation Packet filtering

LTE overview

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December, 2009

System architecture
Main functions
eNB downlink MME) Measurement and reporting configuration for mobility and scheduling; RRC sublayer Broadcast of System Information related to the non-access stratum (NAS) or access stratum (AS); Paging; Establishment, maintenance and release of an RRC connection between the UE and E-UTRAN Security functions including key management; Establishment, configuration, maintenance and release of point to point Radio Bearers; Mobility functions including handover; QoS management functions; UE measurement reporting and control of the reporting; RLC sublayer Error Correction through ARQ, concatenation, segmentation and reassembly of RLC SDUs Protocol error detection and recovery; Functions for Radio Resource Management: Radio Bearer Control, Radio Admission Control, Connection Mobility, Control, Dynamic allocation of resources to UEs in both uplink and (scheduling); Routing of User Plane data towards Serving Gateway; Scheduling and transmission of paging, broadcast and ETWS messages (originated from the

3/5

LTE overview

12

December, 2009

System architecture
Network

4/5

MME NAS signalling; Inter CN node signalling for mobility between 3GPP access networks; Idle mode UE Reachability (including control and execution of paging retransmission); MME selection for handovers with MME change; Roaming; Authentication; Bearer management functions including dedicated bearer establishment; Support for ETWS message transmission.

Serving Gateway (S-GW) The local Mobility Anchor point for inter-eNB handover; Mobility anchoring for inter-3GPP mobility; Lawful Interception; Packet routing and forwarding;

PDN Gateway (P-GW) Per-user based packet filtering (by e.g. deep packet inspection); Lawful Interception; UE IP address allocation;

LTE overview

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December, 2009

System architecture
RRM

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The purpose of radio resource management (RRM) is to ensure the efficient use the available radio resources. It includes Radio Bearer Control (RBC) Radio Admission Control (RAC) Connection Mobility Control (CMC) Dynamic Resource Allocation (DRA) - Packet Scheduling (PS) Inter-cell Interference Coordination (ICIC) Load Balancing (LB)

LTE overview

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December, 2009

References

[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] layer" [6] [7] protocol [8] [9] [10] protocol

3GPP TS 36.201: "Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Physical layer; General description". 3GPP TS 36.211:"Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Physical Channels and Modulation " 3GPP TS 36.212: "Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Multiplexing and channel coding" 3GPP TS 36.213: "Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Physical layer procedures" 3GPP TS 36.302: "Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Services provided by the physical 3GPP TS 36.306: "Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); capabilities" 3GPP TS 36.321: "Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); specification" 3GPP TS 36.322: "Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); specification" 3GPP TS 36.323: "Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); (PDCP) specification" 3GPP TS 36.331: "Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); specification". User Equipment (UE) radio access Medium Acces Control (MAC) Radio Link Control (RLC) protocol Packet Data Convergence Protocol Radio Resource Control (RRC)

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December, 2009