Civildesignhelp - Info Dynamic Table

Following tables and graphs are copied from different text books available in the market.
Before using these tables and graphs please check with text books available with you / library. Civildesignhelp.info is not responsible for any error in foundation analysis and design.
LIST OF SYMBOLS Maximum cantilever length (inches); measured from the face of block to edge of foundation Maximum deflection (inches), for estimating the fundamental natural frequency of beam or column Rotor eccentricity for centrifugal machines First coupled natural frequency Second coupled natural frequency Machine operating speed (cps or rpm) Damped resonant frequency (cps or rpm) Undamped natural frequency (cps or rpm) Concrete compressive strength Yield strength of reinforcement Uncoupled natural frequency in translational x direction Uncoupled natural frequency in translational y direction Uncoupled natural frequency in translational z directions Uncoupled natural frequency , rocking about X Uncoupled natural frequency , rocking about Y Uncoupled natural frequency , rocking about z, Torsional Parameters for calculating single pile stiffnesses in horizontal (X), Parameters for calculating single pile stiffnesses in vertical (Z), Parameters for calculating single pile stiffnesses in rocking () modes Parameters for calculating single pile damping coefficients in horizontal (X), Parameters for calculating single pile damping coefficients in vertical (Z) Parameters for calculating single pile damping coefficients in rocking () modes, Acceleration of gravity (32.2 ft/sec2 or 386.4 in/sec2)
a d e f1 f2 f0 fd fn fc fy fnx fny fnz fn fn fn fx,1 fz,1 f,1 fx,2 fz,2 f,2 g
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Following tables and graphs are copied from different text books available in the market. Before using these tables and graphs please check with text books available with you / library. Civildesignhelp.info is not responsible for any error in foundation analysis and design. h hi l m me r r0 t A0 Ai Ap B Bx By Bz B
B
Foundation embedment depth, the distance between the CG of a machine foundation system and the foundation base. Thickness of ith soil layer Embedded length of a pile Total mass of a machine (machine+foundation) Rotor mass for centrifugal machines foundation system
Frequency ratio, defined as f0/fd (or f0/fn) Equivalent radius of foundation; equivalent radius of concrete pile,
Ap
Thickness of mat foundation or pile cap displacement amplitude Stress influence area (spreading below the foundation at a ratio of 2 vertical to 1 horizontal) measured at the centroid of ith soil layer Cross sectional area of concrete pile Foundation width, parallel to the y-axis Mass ratios for calculating the soil geometrical damping ratios in horizontal X directions Mass ratios for calculating the soil geometrical damping ratios in horizontal Y directions Mass ratios for calculating the soil geometrical damping ratios in vertical Z directions Mass ratios for calculating the soil geometrical damping ratios in rocking about X () directions Mass ratios for calculating the soil geometrical damping ratios in rocking about Y () directions Mass ratios for calculating the soil geometrical damping ratios in torsional about Z () directions Damping coefficients for a single pile in horizontal (X) direction Damping coefficients for a single pile in vertical (Z) direction Damping coefficients for a single pile in rocking about X () directions System damping or equivalent modal damping ratio for a coupled vibrational motion Soil or soil-pile damping ratios in horizontal X directions
B
B
B
B
Cx Cz C D Dx
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Following tables and graphs are copied from different text books available in the market. Before using these tables and graphs please check with text books available with you / library. Civildesignhelp.info is not responsible for any error in foundation analysis and design. Dy Dz D D D Ep F0 Fn Fx Fy Fz Soil or soil-pile damping ratios in horizontal Y directions Soil or soil-pile damping ratios in vertical (Z) directions Soil or soil-pile damping ratios in rocking about X() directions Soil or soil-pile damping ratios in rocking about Y ()directions Soil or soil-pile damping ratios in torsional about Z () directions Young's modulus of concrete pile Machine unbalanced force for centrifugal machines Unbalanced force at natural frequency of the foundation system Unbalanced force in horizontal x direction Unbalanced force in horizontal y direction Unbalanced force in vertical z direction Dynamic soil shear modulus Weighted average soil shear modulus Mass moment of inertia at the C.G. of a machine foundation Area moment of inertia of single pile Mass moments of inertia at the foundation base in rocking about X () direction Mass moments of inertia at the foundation base in rocking about Y () direction Mass moments of inertia at the foundation base in torsional about Z () direction Soil dynamic subgrade reaction (lbs/in3) Soil spring constants or translational X direction. Soil spring constants or translational Y direction. Soil spring constants or translational Z direction. Soil spring constants or rotational modes Soil spring constants or rotational modes Soil spring constants or rotational modes single pile spring constants in single pile spring constants in single pile spring constants in single pile spring constants in single pile spring constants in single pile spring constants in
G, Gs Gavg Io Ip I I I Ks Kx Ky Kz K K K
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Following tables and graphs are copied from different text books available in the market. Before using these tables and graphs please check with text books available with you / library. Civildesignhelp.info is not responsible for any error in foundation analysis and design. (Ki)g L M M M N Ni V0 Vp Vs W We X Y Z x z x y z Pile spring constants for a pile group foundation length, parallel to the X-axis . Unbalanced moments about X (), Unbalanced moments about Y (), Unbalanced moments about Z (), Number of soil layers; number of piles Dynamic amplification factors at ith vibrational motion Maximum velocity amplitude Compression wave velocity of pile, Shear wave velocity of soil
E p g/ p
Gs / s Total weight of a machine foundation system (m x g) Rotor weight
Cartesian coordinates in horizontal X (parallel to L) Cartesian coordinates in horizontal Y (parallel to B ) Cartesian coordinates in vertical Z Coefficients for soil damping calculation due to embedment effect in horizontal (X), Coefficients for soil damping calculation due to embedment effect in vertical (Z) Coefficients for soil damping calculation due to embedment effect in rocking about X () mode Coefficients for soil damping calculation due to embedment effect in rocking about Y () mode I0 I0 or I I Geometrical coefficients for soil spring calculation for rectangular foundation in translational X direction. Geometrical coefficients for soil spring calculation for rectangular foundation in translational Y direction. Geometrical coefficients for soil spring calculation for rectangular foundation in translational Z direction. Geometrical coefficients for soil spring calculation for rectangular foundation in rotational about X () modes. Geometrical coefficients for soil spring calculation for rectangular foundation in rotational about Y () modes. Correction factor for soil damping calculation in rocking mode
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Following tables and graphs are copied from different text books available in the market. Before using these tables and graphs please check with text books available with you / library. Civildesignhelp.info is not responsible for any error in foundation analysis and design. s p s x y z Weight density of soil (Ds x g) Weight density of concrete pile Mass density of soil Poisson's ratio of soil Machine operating speed (rad/sec) Coefficients for soil spring calculation effect in horizontal X direction. Coefficients for soil spring calculation effect in horizontal Y direction. Coefficients for soil spring calculation effect in vertical Z direction. Coefficients for soil spring calculation effect rocking about X () Coefficients for soil spring calculation effect rocking about Y () rotation about vertical Z-axis (torsion) rotation about horizontal X-axis (rocking) rotation about horizontal Y-axis (rocking)
due to embedment due to embedment due to embedment due to embedment due to embedment
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Following tables and graphs are copied from different text books available in the market. Before using these tables and graphs please check with text books available with you / library. Civildesignhelp.info is not responsible for any error in foundation analysis and design.
Table 1 GENERAL MACHINERY - VIBRATION - SEVERITY DATA
Horizontal Peak Velocity (in./sec) <0.005 0.005-0.010 0.010-0.020 0.020-0.040 0.040-0.080 0.080-0.160 0.160-0.315 0.315-0.630 >0.630
Machine Operation Extremely smooth Very smooth Smooth Very good Good Fair Slightly rough Rough Very rough
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Following tables and graphs are copied from different text books available in the market. Before using these tables and graphs please check with text books available with you / library. Civildesignhelp.info is not responsible for any error in foundation analysis and design. Table 2 ROTOR ECCENTRICITIES
Machine
Operating Speed f (RPM)
Eccentricity e (MILS) 1.8 _ 107 2 f (or Fo = 0.51 We)
Centrifugal Compressors and Turbines Centrifugal Compressors and Turbines Gear Units Gear Units Motors Motors Motors
f 3000
f > 3000 f 8000 f > 8000 f 1500 1500 < f < 3000 f 3000
12000 f
0.8 0.5 1.5 1 0.5
Fo : Machine unbalanced force We : Rotor weight
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Following tables and graphs are copied from different text books available in the market. Before using these tables and graphs please check with text books available with you / library. Civildesignhelp.info is not responsible for any error in foundation analysis and design. Table 3 SOIL SPRING CONSTANTS FOR RECTANGULAR FOUNDATION Mode of Vibration Horizontal (X) Soil Spring Constants
K x = 2(1 + ) G x BL x
Horizontal (Y)
K y = 2(1 + ) G y
BL y
Vertical (Z)
Kz =
G (1 - ) z
BL z
Rocking (about X)
K =
G B2 L (1 - )
Rocking (about Y)
K =
G B L2 (1 - )
Torsional (about Z)
K =
16 G r 3 o 3
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Following tables and graphs are copied from different text books available in the market. Before using these tables and graphs please check with text books available with you / library. Civildesignhelp.info is not responsible for any error in foundation analysis and design. Table 4 SOIL SPRING COEFFICIENTS FOR SOIL SPRING CALCULATION INCLUDING EMBEDMENT EFFECT Mode of Vibration Horizontal (X & Y) Equivalent Radius (ro) Soil Spring Coefficient
BL
Vertical (Z)
BL
z = 1 + 0.6(1 - )
ro
3
Rocking (about X)
B3 L 3
h h = 1+1.2(1- ) + 0.2(2 - ) ro ro h h = 1 + 1.2(1 - ) + 0.2(2 - ) ro ro

3
Rocking (about Y)
BL 3
Torsional (about Z)
BL( B2 + L2 ) 6
N/A
* h = embedment depth
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Following tables and graphs are copied from different text books available in the market. Before using these tables and graphs please check with text books available with you / library. Civildesignhelp.info is not responsible for any error in foundation analysis and design. Table 5 GEOMETRICAL DAMPING RATIOS FOR RECTANGULAR FOUNDATION (INCLUDING THE EMBEDMENT EFFECT)
Mode of Vibration Vertical (Z)
Mass Ratio
(1 - ) m 4 s r3 o (7 - 8 ) m 32(1 - ) s r 3 o
Damping Ratio (D)

Dz = 0.425 Bz 0.288 Bx
Bz =
Horizontal (X or Y)
Bx =
Dx =
Rocking (about X)
B =
3(1 - ) I 8 sr 5 o
3(1 - ) I 8 sr 5 o
D =
0.15 (1 + B ) B 0.15 (1 + B ) B
Rocking (about Y)
B =
D =
Torsional (about Z)
B =
I sr 5 o
D =
0.5 1 + 2 B
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Following tables and graphs are copied from different text books available in the market. Before using these tables and graphs please check with text books available with you / library. Civildesignhelp.info is not responsible for any error in foundation analysis and design. Table 6 DAMPING COEFFICIENTS FOR SOIL DAMPING CALCULATION INCLUDING EMBEDMENT EFFECT
Damping Coefficient
z =
h 1 + 1.9(1 - ) ro z h 1 + 1.9(2 - ) ro x
Horizontal (X or Y)
x =
Rocking (about X)
3 h h 1 + 0.7(1 - ) + 0.6(2 - ) ro ro
Rocking (about Y)
3 1 h h 1 + 0.7(1 - ) + 0.6(2 - ) = ro ro
Torsional (about Z)
N/A
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Following tables and graphs are copied from different text books available in the market. Before using these tables and graphs please check with text books available with you / library. Civildesignhelp.info is not responsible for any error in foundation analysis and design. Table 7 CORRECTION FACTOR FOR SOIL DAMPING CALCULATION IN ROCKING MODE
5 3 2 1 0.8 0.5 0.2
1.079 1.110 1.143 1.219 1.251 1.378 1.600
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Following tables and graphs are copied from different text books available in the market. Before using these tables and graphs please check with text books available with you / library. Civildesignhelp.info is not responsible for any error in foundation analysis and design. Table 8 PILE STIFFNESSES FOR A SINGLE PILE
Mode of Vibration Horizontal (X or Y)
Pile Stiffness
3 Kx = Ky = E p I p f x ,1 / r o
Vertical (Z)
K z = E p A p f z ,1 / r o
Rocking (about X or Y)
K = K = E p I p f ,1 / r o
Torsional (about Z)
N/A
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Following tables and graphs are copied from different text books available in the market. Before using these tables and graphs please check with text books available with you / library. Civildesignhelp.info is not responsible for any error in foundation analysis and design. Table 9 DAMPING COEFFICIENTS FOR A SINGLE PILE
Mode of Vibration Vertical (Z) Horizontal (X or Y) Rocking (about X or Y) Torsional (about Z)
Damping Coefficient Cz = E p A p f z ,2 Vs
2 Cx = E p I p f x ,2 ( r o
C = E p I p f ,2 Vs N/A
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Following tables and graphs are copied from different text books available in the market. Before using these tables and graphs please check with text books available with you / library. Civildesignhelp.info is not responsible for any error in foundation analysis and design. Table 10 PILE STIFFNESS AND DAMPING PARAMETERS fx,1 , fx,2 , f,1 AND f,2
s/ p
Vs Vp
Stiffness Parameters fx,1 f,1
Damping Parameters fx,2 f,2
0.01 0.4 0.7 (Concrete) 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.25 0.7 (Concrete) 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
0.0036
0.202
0.0084
0.139
0.0100 0.0185 0.0284 0.0397 0.0032 0.0090 0.0166 0.0256 0.0358
0.285 0.349 0.403 0.450 0.195 0.275 0.337 0.389 0.435
0.0238 0.0438 0.0674 0.0942 0.0076 0.0215 0.0395 0.0608 0.0850
0.200 0.243 0.281 0.314 0.135 0.192 0.235 0.272 0.304
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Following tables and graphs are copied from different text books available in the market. Before using these tables and graphs please check with text books available with you / library. Civildesignhelp.info is not responsible for any error in foundation analysis and design. Table 11 PILE STIFFNESSES FOR A PILE GROUP
Mode of Vibration
Pile Group Stiffness
Vertical (Z)
( K z )g =
i=1
K zi
Horizontal (X or Y)
( Kx )g = ( Ky )g =
n
i=1
Kxi
Rocking (about X)
( K )g =
( K
i=1
n
+ K zi yi2 )
Rocking (about Y)
( K )g =
( K
i=1
+ K zi xi2 )
Torsional (about Z)
( K )g =
i=1
2 2 K xi ( xi + yi )
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Following tables and graphs are copied from different text books available in the market. Before using these tables and graphs please check with text books available with you / library. Civildesignhelp.info is not responsible for any error in foundation analysis and design. Table 12 DAMPING RATIOS FOR A PILE GROUP
Damping Ratios
Dz = Cz 2 ( K z )g m Cx 2 ( K x )g m
Horizontal (X or Y)
Dx =
Rocking (about X)
D =
C + Cz yi2 2 ( K )g I
Rocking (about Y)
[C + Cz xi2 ] 2 ( K )g I
Torsional (about Z)
Cx ( xi2 + yi2 ) D = 2 ( K )g I
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Following tables and graphs are copied from different text books available in the market. Before using these tables and graphs please check with text books available with you / library. Civildesignhelp.info is not responsible for any error in foundation analysis and design. Table 13 CALCULATION OF UNCOUPLED NATURAL FREQUENCIES
Mode of Vibration Vertical (Z) Horizontal (X)
Uncoupled Frequency (CPS) fnz =
1 2
Kz m
fnx =
1 2
1 2
Kx m
Ky m
Horizontal (Y)
fny =
Rocking (about X)
fn =
1 2
K I
Rocking (about Y)
fn =
1 2
K I
Torsional (about Z)
fn =
1 2
K I
Use pile group stiffness (K)g for pile-supported foundation
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Following tables and graphs are copied from different text books available in the market. Before using these tables and graphs please check with text books available with you / library. Civildesignhelp.info is not responsible for any error in foundation analysis and design. Table 14 CALCULATION OF DISPLACEMENT AMPLITUDES BASED ON UNCOUPLED MODES OF VIBRATION Mode of Vibration Vertical (Z) Horizontal (X) Displacement Amplitudes dz = Nz Fz Kz
dx = Nx
Fx Kx
Horizontal (Y)
dy = Ny
Fy Ky
Rocking (about X)
= N
M K
Rocking (about Y)
= N
M K
Torsional (about Z)
= N M
K
Dynamic amplification factors: Nx, Ny, Nz, N, N, N, are to be calculated as follows:
Ni =
mode.
1 (1 - r )
2 i 2
(2 D i r i )
, where, ri =
f0 and Di = Damping ratio at ith f ni
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Following tables and graphs are copied from different text books available in the market. Before using these tables and graphs please check with text books available with you / library. Civildesignhelp.info is not responsible for any error in foundation analysis and design. Table 15 CALCULATION OF TOTAL DISPLACEMENT AMPLITUDE BASED ON UNCOUPLED MODES OF VIBRATION
Direction Vertical (Z) Horizontal (X) Horizontal (Y)
Displacement Amplitude
Z = d Z + ( Y) + ( X) X = d X + ( Y) + ( Z) Y = d Y + ( X) + ( Z)
The total displacement Ao is then obtained as follows:

2 2 2 x + y + z
Ao =
x, y and z are the distances from the center of foundation base to the point where the amplitude is determined.
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Figure 1: Criteria for Vibrations of Rotating Machinery
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Figure 2 - General Limits of Displacement Amplitude for a Particular Frequency of Vibration
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Figure 3 - Geometrical Coefficients for Rectangular Foundation
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Figure 4: Vertical Pile Stiffness and Damping
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Figure 5: Vertical Pile Stiffness and Damping Parameters for Friction Piles
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COUPLED HORIZONTAL AND ROCKING MOTIONS
Couple mode frequencies, Sliding along X and rocking about Y

2 1
1 2 2 f nx + f n + 2
1 2 2 f nx + f n 2
1 2 1 2 Kx m K I
(f
(f
2 nx
2 nx
2 + f 2 ) - 4 f 2 f 2 n nx n
2 2
2 + f 2 ) - 4 f 2 f 2 n nx n
Where,
fnx =
; uncoupled sliding frequency along X
fn =
; uncoupled rocking frequency about Y
Kx: K:
horizontal soil/pile stiffness rocking soil/pile stiffness
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Following tables and graphs are copied from different text books available in the market. Before using these tables and graphs please check with text books available with you / library. Civildesignhelp.info is not responsible for any error in foundation analysis and design. m: I: total mass of a machine foundation system Io + mh2, the mass moment of inertia at the foundation base Io: the mass moment of inertia at the C.G. of a machine foundation system h: the distance between combined C.G. and the base of a machine foundation
I0 I
Note that the coupling effect becomes insignificant and can be neglected when the two coupled frequencies are determined to be away from the machine operating speed by at least 40%.
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Following tables and graphs are copied from different text books available in the market.

a d e f1 f2 f0 fd fn fc fy fnx fny fnz fn fn fn fx,1 fz,1 f,1 fx,2 fz,2 f,2 g

Gs / s Total weight of a machine foundation system (m x g) Rotor weight

Table 1 GENERAL MACHINERY - VIBRATION - SEVERITY DATA

Operating Speed f (RPM)

Eccentricity e (MILS) 1.8 _ 107 2 f (or Fo = 0.51 We)

Fo : Machine unbalanced force We : Rotor weight

h h = 1+1.2(1- ) + 0.2(2 - ) ro ro h h = 1 + 1.2(1 - ) + 0.2(2 - ) ro ro

Mode of Vibration Vertical (Z)

Damping Ratio (D)

Mode of Vibration Vertical (Z)

5 3 2 1 0.8 0.5 0.2

1.079 1.110 1.143 1.219 1.251 1.378 1.600

Mode of Vibration Horizontal (X or Y)

Mode of Vibration Vertical (Z) Horizontal (X or Y) Rocking (about X or Y) Torsional (about Z)

Stiffness Parameters fx,1 f,1

Damping Parameters fx,2 f,2

0.0100 0.0185 0.0284 0.0397 0.0032 0.0090 0.0166 0.0256 0.0358

0.285 0.349 0.403 0.450 0.195 0.275 0.337 0.389 0.435

0.0238 0.0438 0.0674 0.0942 0.0076 0.0215 0.0395 0.0608 0.0850

0.200 0.243 0.281 0.314 0.135 0.192 0.235 0.272 0.304

Pile Group Stiffness

Mode of Vibration Vertical (Z)

Mode of Vibration Vertical (Z) Horizontal (X)

Uncoupled Frequency (CPS) fnz =

Use pile group stiffness (K)g for pile-supported foundation

Dynamic amplification factors: Nx, Ny, Nz, N, N, N, are to be calculated as follows:

f0 and Di = Damping ratio at ith f ni

Direction Vertical (Z) Horizontal (X) Horizontal (Y)

The total displacement Ao is then obtained as follows:

Figure 1: Criteria for Vibrations of Rotating Machinery

Figure 2 - General Limits of Displacement Amplitude for a Particular Frequency of Vibration

Figure 3 - Geometrical Coefficients for Rectangular Foundation

Figure 4: Vertical Pile Stiffness and Damping

COUPLED HORIZONTAL AND ROCKING MOTIONS

Couple mode frequencies, Sliding along X and rocking about Y

; uncoupled sliding frequency along X

; uncoupled rocking frequency about Y

horizontal soil/pile stiffness rocking soil/pile stiffness

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