The Idea of F-theory GUTs

Ralph Blumenhagen
Max-Planck-Institut fur Physik, Munchen

(Bhg, A. Collinucci, B. Jurke, T. Grimm, T. Weigand)

SUSY2010, Bonn p.1/18

Grand Unication

SUSY2010, Bonn p.2/18

Grand Unication

One-loop running of the three Standard Model gauge couplings with MSSM matter spectrum above the TeV scale, (Ellis, Kelley, Nanopoulos), (Amaldi, de Boer, Furstenau), (Langacker, Luo)

70 60 50 40 30 20 10

3 1 5 Y

1 w 1 s log10 ()
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

Evidence for a supersymmetric Grand Unication at MX = 2.1 1016 GeV, as for instance: Gauge group: SU (5) chiral matter in 10 + 5 + 1 Higgs eld: 5H + 5H Yukawa couplings: 10 10 5H , 10 5 5H , 5 1 5H
SUSY2010, Bonn p.2/18

Grand Unication from String Theory

SUSY2010, Bonn p.3/18

Grand Unication from String Theory

Attempts to realize GUTs from String Theory Weakly coupled E8 E8 Heterotic String (heterotic orbifolds ) Need large threshold corrections at MX GUT breaking via discrete Wilson lines

F-theory/Type IIB compactications with (p, q) 7-branes: Solves the 10 10 5H Yukawa problem of orientifolds GUT brane wraps a shrinkable 4-cycle GUT breaking via U (1)Y ux

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F-Theory

SUSY2010, Bonn p.4/18

F-Theory
F-theory is a way of book-keeping of the positions of more general (p, q)-7-branes in Type IIB N = 1 compactications
elliptic bration : Y B3

Susy Y Calabi-Yau 4-fold. Elliptic curve y 2 = x3 +f (u) x+g(u) with complex structure:
= C0 + i e

with j( ) =

4(24 )f 3 4f 3 +27 g 2

7-brane

B3

(Vafa,Nucl.Phys.B469:403,1996), (Beasley, Heckman, Vafa, arXiv:0802.3391+0806.0102), (Donagi, Wijnholt, arXiv:0802.2969)

SUSY2010, Bonn p.4/18

Grand Unication from F-theory

SUSY2010, Bonn p.5/18

Grand Unication from F-theory

Working hypothesis: Decoupling of GUT scale from Planck scale localisation of GUT physics on del-Pezzo surfaces
(Beasley, Heckman, Vafa, arXiv:0806.0102)

Shortcomings Missing stringy global consistency conditions: landscape vs. swampland Physics of abelian gauge symmetries: Green-Schwarz mechanism, Freed-Witten anomalies, (Grimm, Weigand) Need local mechanism for Susy breaking gauge mediated susy breaking closed string Moduli stabilisation, need to explain why susy breaking is subleading to gauge mediation series of recent papers: (Beasley, Choi, Donagi, Hayashi, Heckman, Marsano,
Saulina, Schfer-Nameki, Vafa, Watari, Wijnholt+ . . . ) a
SUSY2010, Bonn p.5/18

Grand Unication from F-theory

SUSY2010, Bonn p.6/18

Grand Unication from F-theory

Program: Embed the local ideas into a global framework: F-theory on elliptically bered four-folds with shrinkable 4-cycles Derivation of the global consistency conditions, Lift and generalise Type IIB orientifold consistency conditions to genuine F-theory models Study of consequences of U (1)Y ux gauge coupling unication Moduli stabilization via ux and instanton generated superpotentials

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F-Theory

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F-Theory

Gauge symmetry on D: Degeneration of elliptic curve, ADE Kodaira classication Consistency condition: Degeneration loci can be described by a compact Calabi-Yau fourfold Y Four-form ux quantisation (chirality)
1 G4 + c2 (Y ) Z 2

D3-tadpole:
1 ND3 + 2 (Y ) G4 G4 = 24

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Matter elds

SUSY2010, Bonn p.8/18

Matter elds
U (1) 5

Matter elds are generally localised on curves: C = Da Db

SU (5)

F-theory: Enhancement of the singularity over the intersection: SU (5) U (1) SU (6)
35 = 240 + 10 + 51 + 51

resp. SU (5) U (1) SO(10) 45 = 240 + 10 + 102 + 102

SUSY2010, Bonn p.8/18

Yukawa couplings

SUSY2010, Bonn p.9/18

Yukawa couplings
5 5H

Yukawa couplings:
10 SU (5)

The Yukawa couplings which give masses to the MSSM elds after GUT and electroweak symmetry breaking are
10(2,0) 10(2,0) 5H (1,1) ,
(0,2) (1,1)

10(2,0) 5

(1,1)

5H

(1,1)

1N 5 5H (1,1) Problem: The coupling 10(2,0) 10(2,0) 5H (1,1) is perturbatively forbidden. Solution: Arises in F-theory from an E6 enhancement of the singularity.
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GUT symmetry breaking

SUSY2010, Bonn p.10/18

GUT symmetry breaking

Symmetry breaking via gauge ux FY : c1 (LY ) H 2 (D) has to be trivial in H 2 (X), i.e. (LY ) = 0. exotic matter:
24 (8, 1)0 + (1, 3)0 + (3, 2)5 + (3, 2)5

i.e. H (D, L5 ) = 0. Y

Solution: One denes fractional line bundles La and LY via

La = La LY
2 5

LY = LY

1 5

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Compact models

SUSY2010, Bonn p.11/18

Compact models
Problem: Realisations of all these local features in genuine compact F-theory Study manifolds using methods of toric geometry:

Example: Elliptic bration over IP3 The fourfold is given by the Weierstrass bration:
q1 q2 y 3 0 x z u1 2 1 0 0 -4 1 u2 0 1 u3 0 1 u4 0 1 p 6 0

with Tate constraint

y 2 = x3 + xyza1 + x2 z 2 a2 + yz 3 a3 + xz 4 a4 + z 6 a6

and an polynomials of degree 4n in u.

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Compact models

SUSY2010, Bonn p.12/18

Compact models
roadmap:

Perform transitions of these manifold leading new del-Pezzo type four-cycles Analyze the new elliptic bration whether it allows for an SU (5) GUT with the wanted matter curves and Yukawa couplings tadpole conditions For chirality turn on extra gauge ux (G4 form ux) and compute spectra and tadpoles More details in (Bhg, Grimm, Jurke, Weigand, arXiv:0908.1784), (Grimm, Krause,
Weigand, arXiv:0912.3524), (Marsano, Saulina, Schfer-Nameki, arXiv:0906.4672), a (Chen, Knapp, Kreuzer, Mayrhofer, arXiv:1005.5735)

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Gauge coupling unication

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Gauge coupling unication

The gauge couplings at the string/GUT scale are changed due to the U (1)Y ux (Bhg, arXiv:0812.0248):
fSU (3) fSU (2) 3 fU (1)Y 5 1 = a S 2 1 = a S 2 1 = a S 2 c2 (La ) 1 c2 (La ) + c2 (LY ) + 2c1 (LY ) c1 (La ) 1 1 c2 (La ) + 1 3 2 c1 (LY ) + 2c1 (LY ) c1 (La ) , 5

Da

Da

Da

with a = e 1 Da J J . The MSSM gauge couplings 2 satisfy the relation

1 1 2 = + . Y (Ms ) w (Ms ) 3 s (Ms )
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Gauge coupling unication

SUSY2010, Bonn p.14/18

Gauge coupling unication

Include the Higgs triplet above a scale 1TeV < M33 < MX in the running:
3 , 2 , 1 ) = (2, 1, 35 ) . (b3 , b2 , b1 ) = (3, 1, 11) (b b b 3

Choosing for instance M33 = 1015 GeV, the running around the GUT scale changes as
30

3 1 5 Y

M33

28

26

1 w 1 s

24

22

14.0

14.5

15.0

15.5

16.0

16.5

17.0

log10 ()
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Gauge coupling unication

SUSY2010, Bonn p.15/18

Gauge coupling unication

zooming further in
25.0

3 1 5 Y

MX

24.5

1 w

24.0

1 s
16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5

log10 ()

The three MSSM gauge couplings satisfy the F-theory GUT relation at
MX = 2.1 1016 GeV

independent of the triplet mass scale M33 .

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Moduli stabilization

SUSY2010, Bonn p.16/18

Moduli stabilization
Uplift of KKLT and LARGE volume scenario from Type IIB to F-theory
G3 ux becomes G4 form ux with one leg on T 2 D3-brane instantons M5-brane instantons, (Bhg,
Collinucci, Jurke, arXiv:1002.1894)

technically challenging: dilaton varies over background

New scenario: gravity mediated susy breaking on shrinkable MSSM 4-cycle

Soft masses are suppressed relative to the gravitino M3/2 mass: Msoft = V p , p = 1/2, 1 (Bhg, Conlon, Krippendorf, Moster,
Quevedo, arXiv:0906.3297)

SUSY2010, Bonn p.16/18

Conclusions

SUSY2010, Bonn p.17/18

Conclusions
F-theory models can provide string theory realisations of SU (5) GUTs on localized branes.

Gauge elds arise from degenerations of elliptic ber over surfaces Matter elds and Yukawa couplings arise from singularity enhancements over curves and points Global compact models showing many of the desired features can be constructed GUT breaking works via U (1)Y ux problems with gauge coupling unication Determination of avour structure and Yukawa hierarchies by subleading corrections devil in the details
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Further progress both on the technical and the phenomenological level is expected

Thank you!

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