PREFACE

We are, the Basic Technology Education Teachers Association of Central Java, always grateful to the Almighty, Allah SWT, who has given his mercy so that we could carry out our duty and mandate to arrange Student Worksheet. The aim of this book is to accompany the ICT teachers to deliver Basic Technology Education in their classes. The book is designed into four points of teaching that is summary, exercises, test of competence and practice. We arrange them in appropriate to the Ministry of National Education Regulation No. 22 2006 about the content standard for RSBI. We would like to express our appreciation and deep gratitude to the following parties who support us to make this work successful: 1. Provincial Government of Central Java, especially Education Department of Central Java Province for all facilities. 2. The Principals Associations of Central Java Pioneering International Standardized School for their support and care. 3. All of the ICT teachers at the Pioneering International Standardized School in Central Java. We are looking forward to any suggestion and comment for better publication in the next time. May God bless our noble effort to improve the quality of our education.

January 2011

The writers

BTEGrade9

SMP N 2 Semarang

The writers
Supervisor Coordinator Writers : Drs. Sutomo, A.Md MM : Drs. Hargito, MT : 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Mariyo, S,Pd, M,Pd Tridjoko Prihatno, S,Kom Eka Pramana, S,Pd Radjab Sutrisno, S,Pd Dwi Darmadi, S,Pd Heri Purwanto, S,Pd Sutrisno, S,Kom

BTEGrade9

SMP N 2 Semarang

CHAPTER 1

Household Electricity

A. Standard Competence

Creating energy transmission model using relative material that is cheap and easy to acquire 1. Differentiating type and electric installation component characters family correspond to its specification. Figuring relationship among electric installation components family correspond to prevailing rule String up and tacks on electric installation components family correspond to prevailing rule Testing electric installation components family correspond to prevailing rule. Identifying source and electricity equipment that can revamp electricity energy goes to to form another energy Draw various kind designs draw and parallel series or its affiliate Utilize miscellaneous switch to make simple electric installation relationship Drawing electric series charts Testing electric installation components

B. Basic Competence

2.

3.

4.

C. Indicator

1.

2. 3. 4. 5. D. Time allocation E. Material Matter : :

Household Electricity

BTEGrade9

SMP N 2 Semarang

Household Electricity
1. Electricity is the energy or power that makes other things work: moving, glowing, heat, etc. Electricity assists humans in everyday life. With electricity we can get: heat through a rice cooker or electric stove for cooking rice, torch light through the light and water through a water pump that rotates (moves) to absorb water. If we want to use electricity safely, we need the installation of wiring (electrical installation) for lighting and point of contact. Electrical installation consists of electrical components which include: lamp holder or fitting, points of contact (Stop Contact), switch, fuses, miniature circuit breakers (MCB), and tool of measuring the power consumption. There are four things to know about electricity: a. Electricity has called the electric current flow, with the symbol "I" and is expressed in units of "ampere" is written "A", b. Electricity has a pressure (voltage) is called voltage, with the symbol "U" and is expressed in units of "volts" written "V" c. Electrical barriers have called electrical resistance, with the symbol "R" and expressed in units of "ohm" written "", d. Electric power has called the electric power, with the symbol "P" and is expressed in units of "watts" is written "W". 2. Electricity is obtained from the central electricity that channeled through a grid system that starts from the power plant. To move the power machine, we can use water power, wind, steam/gas, or fuel (petrol or diesel). Electricity by electricity generators, raising the tension rose by the transformer voltage generator and sent through high voltage conductive to the station attendants. At the station assistant, voltage trasformator lowered by lowering the voltage before it is sent to the station auxiliary distribution. Station auxiliary transformer distribution distributes it to the transformer distribution. Distribution transformer has an output voltage 220V. 3. Electricity flowed through the electrical wires made of copper and conductive material or aluminum. Isolated electric wire with a material that cannot conduct electricity, such as plastic or rubber for safety. Electrical wire isolator made in several colors to differentiate between one wire to another. Black, red, yellow is a wire or phase flow; zero blue wire and the wire is green or yellow / green earthling wire (ground). 4. Electric meter is connected with electric cables that go from pole to the house. Meter used to measure how much electrical energy use. From the electric meter, electricity is divided into several different groups. Small houses usually have only one group, while large houses typically have several groups. Each group has a safety fuse (fuse). Classification of voltage consists of low voltage and high voltage. Voltage under 50V including low voltage and voltage above 220V includes high voltage. Isolation of a damaged wire can cause a harm in the form of short-circuit that causes a fire. When touched, the body will be exposed to the flow of electricity and running it to earth (ground).

5. 6.

BTEGrade9

SMP N 2 Semarang

Electric shock is very dangerous and can make seizures muscle weakness, fainting, and can even be fatal. Wire insulation is damaged or torn can occur at the points of contact, electrical equipment, and others that use electricity. Therefore, be careful with electricity and when doing something related to electricity, wear rubber slippers that are dry.

A. ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT 1. electrical installation equipment are the tools used in electrical installation by the installer for the installation of a good, tidy and ensure the safety of both the workers and the users of electricity. The tools for electrical installation including: a) hammer b) pliers taper c) combination pliers d) cutting pliers e) wire stripper pliers f) developing a screwdriver (a screwdriver plus) g) flat screwdriver (screwdriver minus) h) solder i) AVO Meter j) test pen.

BTEGrade9

SMP N 2 Semarang

 2. Components of electrical installations are required components or materials in electrical installation. The materials required in the installation of electrical installations including: a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) i) j) pipe fitting cable isolation connection box stop contact plugs fuse light switch.

3. The symbols of electrical components used in electrical installation including:

= switchgear for single phase / single group.

= Single switch

= Stop contacts with grounding or with earthing connection (ground)

= Stop contacts without grounding

= Switch series (series)

= Wire phase (voltage)

= Wire zero (no-voltage)

= Wire circuit (phase wire after exiting the switch)

= Incandescent

BTEGrade9

SMP N 2 Semarang

 Planning for Lighting Electricity Installation Electrical installations for lighting or commonly called the lighting installation is the electrical installation which provides electrical energy for lighting (lamps). Before you perform the installation of electric lighting, you need to do prior planning. Things that needed to be considered in planning the installation of electrical lighting are as follows. Wooden house Installation of lighting in wooden houses, uses wholly or PVC pipe union except the top of the ceiling. Placement of electrical components in the form of switches and sockets can be attached to the pole home. Device is not attached to the wall because the wall thickness does not qualify.

Brick house Electrical installation on the wall of the house we use union or PVC pipe. Formerly pipe mounted on the wall or wall surface. Now in general the pipe is mounted or embedded in the wall so that the installation is out of sight. Some components that can be planted are switches and sockets.

Exercise 1

1.

Mention what are the benefits of electricity in everyday life Error electricity usage

2.

BTEGrade9

SMP N 2 Semarang

 No 1 2 3 4 3. Write down the power tools in your house. a. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... b. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... c. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... d. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... e. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... f. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... g. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... h. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... i. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... j. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Errors that occur Result from these errors

4.

Group your power tools you have mentioned in the following table based on the changes in electrical energy into light energy, heat, or motion! Light Heat Motion

5.

Choose one of tools then explain how to operate it.

BTEGrade9

SMP N 2 Semarang

 . . . .

Exercise 2 Choose the correct answer by crossing A, B, C, or D. 1. Flow of electrons flows from . a. high potential to low potential b. low potential to high potential c. low potential to lower potential d. high potential to high potential 2. Conductor can easily passes electricity because .... a. it has a lot of free electron b. it is free electron slightly c. it is elastic nature d. it is made of hard object 3. Electric power at home is 450 watts. It means that ... . a. electric power installed in the house can be used to activate electrical equipment 450 watts maximum b. home electricity voltage is 450 volts maximum c. home electrical resistance is 450 ohms maximum d. electric power at home is a maximum of 450 volts 4. The lamps have inscription of 220V/25W". It means that ... . a. the lamps can be connected to electricity with 220V voltage electric power used by the lamp of 25 Watt. b. the lamps can be connected to electricity with 220V power voltage used by the lamp of 25 Watt. c. the lamps can be connected to electricity with 220V voltage electrical that is used by the lamp of 25 Watt. d. The lamps can be connected to electricity with resistance 220V electrical power used by the lamp of 25 Watt.

BTEGrade9

SMP N 2 Semarang

 5. Look at the picture.

It is used to ... . a. peel cable b. bend cable

c. cut cable d. pull cable

6. The instrument used to tighten/slacken screws is called ... . a. pliers c. hammer b. scissors d. screwdriver 7. Other names of screwdriver that is like flowers is a ... . a. negative screwdriver c. dray min b. positive screwdriver d. pliers 8. Look at picture below.

Indicated in letter A is . a. stekker b. heating 9. Indicated in letter B shows ... . a. stekker b. heating 10. Look at image below.

c. solder top d. solder handle

c. solder top d. solder handle

A B Letter A shows .... a. fuse b. a single switch

D c. switch turn d. zero cable

Parent Signature

Score

Teacher Signature

BTEGrade9

SMP N 2 Semarang

10

B. Symbols
In order to read the chart image on the electrical installation of lighting correctly, the following written symbols used in the drawing installation chart is needed to know.

= Single switch = Switch series (series)

Switch exchange

Stop boarded contacts or with relationships earthling (ground)

Socket without grounding

Incandescent

TL Lamp

=
=
=

Wire zero (no-voltage wire)

Wire circuit (wire phase after exit from the switch)
Phase wire (live wire)

C. The symbols of lightning installation The electrical installation of lighting in the houses usually uses a radial system because it is simple, cheap and safe. Expenses of lamps and household tools are divided into groups. The purpose of the division of this group is to enhance dereliction of the system. If one group gets a short circuit fault, then the only group who gets trouble, while another group is not disturbed. The system used in our country as shown in the figure.

BTEGrade9

SMP N 2 Semarang

11


f 1 2 3 d b c e 4 5 6

7 8 9

Figure. Chart lighting electrical installation

Notes a. b. c. d. e. f. Nets from PLN, Safety fuses feeder (filler), typically placed at the pole (when connected with the nets of PLN) The conducting filler (feeder), for large buildings, 3 phase, 4 wire (with delivery on the ground or even with the ground wires), for regular home use a phase, 2 wire, Wardrobe circuit, containing the main switch and fuse to protect the installation of all lights in the house / building. Wardrobe human stationed in the house / building, KWH-meter to measure the power electrical energy is used. For smaller installations that use electric current limiting automatically, Box for, which contains the switches and fuses-fuse to protect each group.

The following image is an example of electrical connection housing plan.

Here is a sample chart images from simple lighting electrical installation that consists of a series switch (series) and two incandescent lamps.

BTEGrade9

SMP N 2 Semarang

12

Figure. Chart installation lighting The working principle of the pictures is that we can turn on both lamps using series switches.

D. The number and power of lamp Each type of space needs different lights. The number and power of lights required by a room depends on the following matters. a. What is the space for? For example; the living room, bathroom, bedroom, dinning room, etc.). Each room type has different lighting. b. The extent and size of the room. The larger the size of a room more the number of lights required. c. The kinds or types of lamps used and the illumination system. d. The condition of the walls of the room. The walls absorb light or reflect light. E. The number of group in light installation According to the General Installation Electrical Installation Regulations (PUIL 661 C.1), installation of lights should be divided into groups and each group must be secured individually with more surge protector (fuse) and switches. Number of decision points and flows like a lamp socket at most 10 points for each group.

F. Wire-section and the size of the fuse

The following table is given about the strong currents that allowed for each wire crosssectional area (Conductor) and fuse size required

Table. Cross-section of wire and capabilities that allowed flow Section Wire (mm2) 1 1,5 Current (Ampere) 11 14 Size Fuses (Ampere) 6 10

BTEGrade9

SMP N 2 Semarang

13

 2,5 4 6 10 16 20 25 31 43 75 15 20 25 35 60

25 35 50 70 95

100 125 160 200 240

80 100 125 160 200

G. Material list of electric lighting

To know the type and amount of materials used, you should make a list of the material that is neat and easy to read. Here is a sample list of materials for home lighting installation.

Table. List of electric lighting installation No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 18. 19. Materials Cable NYA Cable NYA Pipe Union/PVC Tule Connecting pipe Last dope Connecting boxes 3 Connecting boxes 4 Single switch Series switch Exchange switch Stop boarded contact WD Wood screw Wood screw Wood screw TL lamp Fitting WD Other Fitting Size 2,5mm2 1,5mm 5/8 5/8 5/8 3x2,5 5/8 5/8 6A/250V 6A/250V 6A/250V 10A/250V 2x9 5/8x5 1x9 normal Unit Meter Meter Stick Piece Piece Piece piece Piece Piece Piece piece piece Piece Piece Piece piece Piece Piece

BTEGrade9

SMP N 2 Semarang

14

 Summary 1). Installation of electric lighting is electrical installations that provide electrical energy for lighting such as lamps. 2) The condition of the building is necessary to consider in planning a lighting installation, eg, buildings made of wood or a wall. 3) The symbols in the electrical installation of lighting are very important to understand, primarily in the manufacture or reading charts of electrical installation of lighting. 4) In determining the amount and strength of light then the things that is needed have to consider include: the type or function of the room, area and size of the room, kind or type of lights that will be used. 5) In selecting a cable (wire conductor) and a safety fuse, the things that are needed to be considered is the amount of power to the load so that we can see the size of the conductive wires and fuses that are required. 6) To know the type and amount of material required in the installation of lighting we need to make a list of materials needed.

Exercise 1 1. Look at the picture and complete the table.

BTEGrade9

SMP N 2 Semarang

15

 Table No. Picture Notes 1 A .............................................................................................. 2 B .............................................................................................. 3 C .............................................................................................. 4 D .............................................................................................. 5 E .............................................................................................. 6 F .............................................................................................. 2. Look at the picture then complete the table.

Table No. 1 2 3 4 component Lamp Single switch Series switch Stop boarded contact Number . . . .

3. Fill in with the strength of the current. No. 1 2 3 1 1,5 2,5 Cable section The strength of the current .. .. .. The size of the fuse 6 10 15

BTEGrade9

SMP N 2 Semarang

16

 4. Look at the picture and then fill in the table.

Table No 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Figure A B C D E F Caption .............................................................................................. .............................................................................................. .............................................................................................. .............................................................................................. .............................................................................................. ..............................................................................................

5. Look at the home electrical installation below and then fill in the table.

BTEGrade9

SMP N 2 Semarang

17

 Table No. 1 2 3 4 Component Lamp Single switch Series switch Stop contact/socket Number . . . .

6. Fill in the electric currents that allowed luas penampang of wire under the table! NO 1 2 3 1 1,5 2,5 The with of wire-section (mm) Electric current (ampere) .. .. .. Fuse (ampere) 6 10 15

Exercise 2 Choose the correct answer by crossing A, B, C, or D 1. An incandescent lamp is written "220 V/50 W". The sentence means that the electric power used in this lamp is a. 220 V b. 220 W c. 50 V d. 50 W Electrical tool to raise and lower the voltage is called a. generator b. transistor c. resistor d. transformator Picture besides is a symbol of a. single switch b. switch series c. double switch d. contact box How many lights in the installation picture above Look at the picture below, a. 5 b. 6 c. 7 d. 8

2.

3.

4.

BTEGrade9

SMP N 2 Semarang

18

5.

Look at the picture below. Symbol for a double switch is....

a.

c.

b.

d.

Parent Signature

Score

Teacher Signature

BTEGrade9

SMP N 2 Semarang

19

Diagram of wire installation of electricity

Diagram of wire installation of electricity is a picture of the relationship between the components or materials used in electrical installation of lighting. By looking at the diagram of an electrical installation, we can easily determine the type and number of components and electrical installation materials needed and the easier way to know the locations of the placement and wiring of the electrical installation components. To create a diagram of electrical installation work, you should see a picture chart of electrical installations that will be installed. Based on this electrical installation chart picture, you can make pictures or diagrams of work. In the next table are presented some examples of physical form, drawing charts and working drawings lighting electrical installation components.

Table 3. Figure of symbol and wiring components lighting electrical installation

BTEGrade9

SMP N 2 Semarang

20

Below is the chart of electrical installation which consists of two lamps that can be controlled using a switch series.

Figure. The chart of lighting installation

BTEGrade9

SMP N 2 Semarang

21

 Based on the chart we can describe the relationship as shown in the wire diagram shown below

Figure: Diagram of wire lighting electrical installation The following are examples of application: 3. a. The picture of wiring diagram of one lamp with one switch.

1. B. The picture of chart of one lamp with one switch

4. a. the diagram of wiring installation of two lamp with two single switch.

BTEGrade9

SMP N 2 Semarang

22

 5. b. the picture of chart of two lamps with two single switches.

6. a. the picture of chart of wire of a lamp with one light and one outlet.

3.

B. the picture of chart of one lamp with one light and one outlet.

7. a. the picture of chart of wire of one stop contact, two-switch with two lamps

BTEGrade9

SMP N 2 Semarang

23

 8. b. . the picture of chart of one stop contact, two-switches with two lamps.

For installing the components of an electrical installation of lighting easily, the following described parts of some electrical components.

Notes: 1. Edge wire 2. Screw lock 3. Branch terminal 4. Cover 5. Cable clamp 6. Contact skewer that has been installed 7. Plates relationship 8. Plugs and socket contacts are separated.

Figure. Stop contact (plugs)/socket outlet Caption: 1. Examples of outlet 2. The inside of the socket 3. Wire clamp screw 4. The hole where the pin contacts

Figure. Stop Contacts

Caption: 1. Glass ball 2. Space in the ball (hollow) 3. Filament (filament) 4. Buffer from the glass 5. Conductor wire entry 6. Glass rod

BTEGrade9

SMP N 2 Semarang

24

 Figure. Incandescent Caption: 7. The feet of brass 8. Isolation 9. Contacts.

Caption: 1. Leg fittings 2. Terminal 3. Place lamps 4. Bayonet fitting curves 5. Contact bayonet lamp fittings 6. Contact lights 7. Leg lamps 8. Pen lights 9. Glass lamp.

Figure. Fitting

BTEGrade9

SMP N 2 Semarang

25

COMPETENT TEST
Choose the correct answer by crossing A, B, C, or D. 1. The picture of the wiring relationship between the components or materials used in electrical installation of lighting is called ... a. wiring diagram b. wiring chart c. wiring of electrical current d. wiring of electricity 2. The electrical installation below include into the .....

a. b. c. d.

Drawings of wiring diagram Drawings of bagan Drawing s of Electrical current Drawings of electricity

3. The name of figure below is .... a. single switch b. switch series c. exchange switch d. double switch 4. The name of symbol below is .... . a. b. c. d. fluorescent lamp tube Lamb Lamp mercury lamp Automatic lamp

5. Picture below is the electrical installation components ..... a. MCB b. Fitting c. Fuse d. Plugs/stop contac

BTEGrade9

SMP N 2 Semarang

26

 6. Look at the picture of lamp below, filament wire is shown by number ... a. 3 b. 4 c. 6 d. 9

7. How many lamps are there in the chart of electrical installation of lighting below?

a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

8. How many neutral wires are there on the picture that encircled the installation chart?

a. 4 b. 3 c. 2 d. 1

BTEGrade9

SMP N 2 Semarang

27

 ESSAYS 1 . Mention 3 types of switches you know. . . . 2. Draw the symbols of wiring diagram from the series switch. . . .

3. From the diagram of wiring electrical installation of lighting below, identify:

a. how many lamps. b. how many single switch. c. how many stop contacts

PROJECT 4. A room consists of 1 stop contact, 3 lamps where each of lamps is controlled by single switch. a. Make the chart b. Make wiring diagram chart

Parent Signature

Score

Teacher Signature

BTEGrade9

SMP N 2 Semarang

28

To lay out the components of electricity installation

What do you do before installing electrical installation? Before you do the electrical installation of lighting, firstly you must pay attention how to put the components that will be installed. Many diagnostic things about the lay out of components are like follows: 1. Switches position The layout of the switch for inside and outside is basically the same. The standards are: a. location/position of the switch from the floor is ranged from 1.20 meters to 2.00 meters. In general, the switch position is 1.50 feet from the floor. For installation in a bathroom then position of the switch is 2 meters by using waterproof switches. The distance of switches from a corner or wall end is about 20 cm. The switch should not be installed in the position that will be closed when opening doors or shuttering. The place of the switch is easy to reach, that is, not far from the entrance of the house, the entrance the rooms and so on.

b. c. d.

2. The lay out of fitting

On the installation for residential, the lay out of the lamp holder (fittings) is placed as easy as possible. The lamp holder is directly attached to the roof of a house and some are hanged, depending on the type of lamp holder used. Caption: 1. Opening the house fittings. 2. Insert the cable from the top cover. 3. Install the end of the cable on the terminal contacts. 4. The cable is already attached to the copper. 5. Tighten the cable lock. 6. Replace the fitting of the upper house.

Caption: 1. protective cable pipe 2. closing 3. contact 4. rubber

Figure. Hanging fitting

BTEGrade9

SMP N 2 Semarang

29

 3. The lay out of stop contact Installation of socket at the residence intended to get the source voltage in an easy way of electrical installation installed in the house. Equipment that requires a power source are household appliances, entertainment equipment and industrial equipment. This is an explanation of laying socket on each type of room. a. Living room Outlet placed in the living room can be used to turn on the fan and other electrical equipment. The position of the socket is 150 cm from the floor. The distance from the corner of the room at least 20 cm and not installed in the place to be obstructed when the door leaf or leaves of the window is open. b. Family room Socket mounted in the living room can be used to provide the voltage source for electronic equipment, such as TV, radio, and tape recorders. The lay out of these components are attached together with the sockets in the living room.

c. Bedroom Outlet located in the bedroom can be used to provide a source of electrical voltage to the fan and some other appliances. The installation is the same as it is in the living room. d. Kitchen space Outlet placed in the kitchen space can be enabled to provide the source voltage for equipment such as electric stoves and others.

4. Wiring of electrical lighting installation Things to note on the wiring electrical lighting installation is focused on connection interwire conductor. The installation should be protected or covered with Lasdop and placed in a grid connection as shown in the following figure.

Figure. Connection closed lasdop wire placed on the connection box

BTEGrade9

SMP N 2 Semarang

30


Figure. Some kind of connection box/T-dos

I.

The lay out of electrical component

1. Setting and pipe wiring Almost all of wiring installation of lighting use pipe. Only at the top of the ceiling do not use pipe. This is done to save installation costs. Some benefits gained by using pipes. The benefits obtained are safety and tidiness. Installation of pipe can be carried out in a wall. This needs a good plan, especially if the pipe planted in a concrete wall that can not be dismantled again. In the installation of pipes, avoid sharp bends or turns. Do not make turns with a short distance because it will be difficult to insert the cable in a pipe. It should be installed in straight pipes. Sometimes to avoid the adjacent turns it can be done using junction boxes. The following figure shows the examples of the installation of pipes on the wall.

Installation of pipe on the wall

Example of installation pipe on the house wall

BTEGrade9

SMP N 2 Semarang

31

Example installation pipe above the ceiling

2. The lay out of TL lamp The following indicated portions of the fluorescent lamp (TL) and how the installation.

Caption 1. Opening house neon lights 2. Attaching the lamp holder on the ceiling, 3. Setting up a connection with the grid, 4. Replacing starter TL in place, 5. Closing the house back to normal fluorescent lamp, 6. Install fluorescent light tube into the socket

Installation of Lighting Neon (TL)

Caption 1. Forms starter 2. Fitting the starter 3. Fluorescent lamp fitting

Installation Starter

BTEGrade9

SMP N 2 Semarang

32

 3. The lay out of plugs contact The plug or plugs are widely used in various electric appliances such as electric iron, electric stove, refrigerator and others. Here's how to install the plug.

Caption 1. Opening the outer lid plugs, 2. Cable clamp on the clamp plate, 3. Replacing the cable on one puncture, 4. Cable that was attached to puncturetusuknya, 5. Tighten the cable clamps, 6. Closing the lid back outside plugs.

Installation of plugs contact (Steker)

4. The lay out of lighting installation Before you make electrical installation of lighting, first you have to look at the plan, such as charts and diagrams of an electrical installation. For more details the following points are needed to know before doing electrical installation of lighting: a. chart b. working diagram c. total power required d. list of component parts of electrical installation required e. work tools required f. plan of cost With the information described above, you are required to carry out practical assignments. Before you perform the task of installing electrical installation of lighting, look at some things that are needed to help you carry out practical assignments.

work diagram

total power required

BTEGrade9

SMP N 2 Semarang

33

 Making a project Look at the lines in the diagram of the chart above. The amount of lights required is 2 pieces of incandescent lamps. Required power for the lighting of each lamp is 25 watts, thus the power required is 2 x 25 Watt = 50 Watt Final results expected The end result of that practice will be like in the pictures below.

48.

Electrical installation of lighting using a pipe.

Summary 1) 2) Lay out or placement of electrical installation components, such as: switches, fitting (lamp holder) and the socket, is a matter that must be considered in the installation of lighting. Things to note on the wiring electrical installation, especially on inter-wire connection are connection between conductors. It must be protected or covered with lasdop and placed in T-dos. Wiring the lighting installation is done in the pipe and just at the top of the ceiling that does not use the pipe. Some benefits gained by using the pipeline, including the safety and tidiness. Pipes can be installed on the wall or planted in the wall. Avoid sharp bends or bends in pipe installation. Do not make turns with short distances because it would complicate the wiring (when inserting the cable in a pipe). It should be installed straight pipes. To avoid the occurrence of adjacent turns you can use connection box or T-dos. It is important to install the various components of electrical installations such as neon lights, plugs, and others in the right way. Some important things to know before doing the work of electrical installation of lighting is a picture of charts, diagrams of work, the amount of power needed, list of the components needed in electrical installation, work tools required, and costs plan.

3)

4) 5)

BTEGrade9

SMP N 2 Semarang

34

MAKING THINGS WORK

ISSUES In a study room there are two lights that can be turned on and off not interdependently and an outlet to turn on the audio-visual.

THINKING a. b. c. The series can we use to connect the lamp-1, lamp-2, and stop-contacts? How many switches should be used? How should the switches be placed? 1) in the circuit 2) outside the circuit

DRAWING Draw a connection or circuit that allows the condition so that the problems can be overcome.

BTEGrade9

SMP N 2 Semarang

35

 MAKE Make a series like the pictures you have you made with 2 lights, plugs, and switches that are available. TESTING. Do the test on the circuit that you create. a. Connect the circuit you made to the source of 24 volts. Does shorted circuit happen? Yes / No b. Are the two lights that you turn on by using the switch do not depend on each other? Yes / No c. Can the stop-contact pairs be used to turn on the lights or audio-visual? Yes / No. d. If your answer above all "yes", so the series you made is correct. e. Turn off the source current and fix the equipment back.

BTEGrade9

SMP N 2 Semarang

36

COMPETENT TEST
A. Choose the correct answer by crossing A, B, C or D. 1. In general, the position of the switch .... from the floor. a. 1.0 meters b. 1.5 meters c. 2.0 meters d. 2.5 meter 2. For mounting position, switch in the bathroom is .... a. 1.0 meters b. 1.5 meters c. 2.0 meters d. 2.5 meter 3. The switches from a corner or edge of wall about .... a. 20 cm b. 30 cm c. 40 cm d. 50 cm 4. The lay out of the switch is easily accessible. It means that ..... a. not away from the other room b. not far from the bedroom c. not far from the window d. not far from the entrance of the house 5. Installation of socket in residences is meant to .... a. get the source voltage is the easy way b. get electric lighting in an easy way c. get cheap electricity costs d. get service easily 6. Placement of the socket in the living room is at least ... from a corner. a. 5 cm b. 10 cm c. 15 cm d. 20 cm 7. What should be avoided in the installation of electric pipe is .... a. sharp bends b. installed straight c. installed parallel d. short

BTEGrade9

SMP N 2 Semarang

37

 8. Switching between conductive wires must be protected and covered with lasdop and placed in .... a. closed room b. grid connection c. open room d. grid neutral

9. How much force is needed in the family room with four 10-watt lamps, one 100-watt lamp and a 5-watt lamp? a. 90 watt b. 95 watts c. 115 watts d. 145 watts 10. How many kinds of connection box that can be used? a. Two b. Three c. Four d. Five

B. Answer the questions correctly. Make a design of electrical installation in the living room with two lamps 20 watts, a single crystal 100 watt lights with switch series. a. Pictures of chart (symbol) b. Working diagram

Parent Signature

Score

Teacher Signature

BTEGrade9

SMP N 2 Semarang

38

CHAPTER 2
Entrepreneurship View

A. Standard Competence

: 1. Identifying characteristic and job mechanism an effort 2. Figuring businesses world main marking and pemasaranya's system bases observation and direct experience 3. Block out a product. 4. Performing ala business activity is right, safe, and is aware environmentally : 1. Pointing out effort and production process founding : 2. Developing safe working condition and kondusif for effort 3. Doing collaboration in product marketing with various system 4. Involve self and collaborates deep ministering on consumer 5 Identifying market requirement 6. Arranging Effort scheme 7. Involve self in goods and service makings 8. Involve self in goods marketing activity and service 9. Involve self in keeps clean, aesthetical environmental

B. Basic Competence

C. Indicator

D. Time allocation E. Material

: : Entrepreneurship

BTEGrade9

SMP N 2 Semarang

39

Entrepreneurship View
A. Types of works Livelihood of each person is different from working in government offices or in private offices, but some are self-employed. You will be introduced to the knowledge and entrepreneurial activity. Entrepreneurship is a business person to make a profit, of any form or type of business. Business forms include: 1. Trading business Trading business is an activity of buying and selling goods such as raw materials or finished products. The advantage of this business is obtained from the difference between the purchase prices with the sale. In trade terms known to the merchant only pays consignment of goods sold to those who have the goods, may still be many more such systems in the trade commission system. The system is set commission merchant commission as gains from the sales price has been determined; the commission will be paid if the goods have been sold. There are many more systems or terms in the trade that we must understand. In the trade we know the different types of payment systems and payment instruments, such as cash (cash), credit, checks, demand deposits, and leasing.

Picture 1. The operations of the trade in traditional markets

2. Industry Business Industry Business is an activity of processing raw materials into finished goods. This activity is known as "the production efforts". These activities require creativity and innovation for the value of goods increased, that's the advantage of production activities. People who are engaged in that production called entrepreneurs.
Picture 2. Craft Industry

BTEGrade9

SMP N 2 Semarang

40

 3. Service business This is an activity to serve consumers with the best services. Benefits obtained in the form of cost/wages from the services provided to the consumers, for example repair damage to houses, vehicles, cleaning (cleaning service), parking, transportation, barbeer. Business services is becoming important as many human activities. .
Picture 3. service of car washing

Sometimes business activities cover three areas that unite the production, trade and services as well. B. Management of business (Entrepreneurship) Entrepreneurial (Self-Owned) can be established and managed on an individual basis, is in its implementation may involve many people. For example, a seller of food, ranging from making and selling managed independently, which is owned capital used for business from time to time with hopes of becoming bigger. After great effort and has been known by many customers of course there is a desire to expand its business by opening branches, for it requires a capital so he could ask his brother or anyone else to join or cooperate with the bank for capital assistance through loans to small and medium enterprises. C. General description of ownership status of enterprises Institutional ownership in a business entity such as: self-owned enterprises, joint enterprises and state owned enterprises.

Entrepreneurship

selfowned t i

joint enterprises

state owned enterprises

Some examples of SOEs (State-Owned-Enterprises): 1. Pertamina 2. PLN 3. Garuda Indonesia 4. Telkom 5. PT. PELNI, etc.

BTEGrade9

SMP N 2 Semarang

41

 Task 1. Going along with the advances of technology today, it would appear new business activities around us. What business is it? Try to write new business types that you should know. One is the example. No. 1. Motorcycle Technology Impact (new business)

1. ............. 2. ............. 3. ...........

2.

4. ............. .. 5. .............

6. .............
3 1. ............. .. 2. .............

3. .............
4. 1. ............. .. 2. .............

3. .............
2. You know about entrepreneurial production sector. Give explanation & examples of the production sector. You know about business of service. Give explanation and examples of business of service. You know about entrepreneurial sector on trade services. Give explanation and examples.

3.

4.

BTEGrade9

SMP N 2 Semarang

42

COMPETENT TEST
A. Choose the correct answer by crossing A, B, C, or D. 1. Personal business activity for profit, of any form or type of business is called . a. trade b. services community c. business d. entrepreneurship 2. Offering to buy goods such as raw materials or finished products is an activity of . a. independent business b. trade business c. rental d. business of service 3. The system where the trader pays only items that are sold are called . a. consignment b. profit sharing c. commission d. discount 4. Industrial activity is also called . a. trading activities b. sales activity c. production activities d. project activities 5. An activity that is not in the form of selling goods, but in the form of selling service is called a. services business b. trading business c. general business d. cooperative effort 6. The advantage gained from trading business is called . a. the difference of employees by the number of layoffs b. the different amount of taxes with the result c. the difference in sales with the purchase of d. the difference in profit and loss 7. The advantage of the business of services is called . a. profit b. profit c. fees / wages d. margin

BTEGrade9

SMP N 2 Semarang

43

8. Business activities that require creativity and innovation for the increasing value of goods and for making a profit is called a. entertainment business b. business of services c. business of production d. general business 9. Ownership of the institutional business is divided into 3, except . a. State-Owned Enterprises b. Self-Owned Enterprises c. Joint Owned Enterprises d. Company Owned 10. PT. PELNI is one of the companies involved in the field of . a. shipping b. making aircraft c. preparing taxes d. provision of resources

B. Answer the following questions correctly and clearly! 1. What is consignment system? .. 2. What is the commission? .. 3. List five examples of the category of services business. .. 4. List five examples of SOE. .. 5. State the differences between SOEs and Personal-owned Enterprises. ..

Parent Signature

Score

Teacher Signature

BTEGrade9

SMP N 2 Semarang

44

Opportunities and Legality of Jobs

A. Business opportunities There are actually a lot of profitable business opportunities. The problem is, how the entrepreneurs dare to work hard, tenaciously, and confidently in their selves. This is because every entrepreneur has the opportunity to go forward. But the business opportunity does not produce satisfactory results because the business opportunities are not explored properly. To explore business opportunities, an entrepreneur must think positively and creatively. Business opportunities can be searched in all types of businesses and entrepreneurs who want to have benefit. By monitoring the dynamics of community life entrepreneurs should be able to find business opportunities that is good, suitable, and profitable. Businesses that provide opportunities for advanced and profitable business are able to gain profits by creating products that can meet the needs and demands of consumers.

1. Advancement of technology
Going along with advances of technology, it is increasingly opened business opportunities, for example, in communications technology business can be developed, such as: opening internet kiosk opening a caf opening pulse and accessories kiosk

2. Advancement of live
Business opportunities can also occur because modern era, such as the existence of traditional markets are less comfortable than modern market business with all sorts of service facilities. In today's customer service, the most important things are services that include: comfort, safety, cleanliness, convenience and the service itself and the available of equipment needed by the consumers. The use of plastic, paper, iron has been now expanded to a variety of needs so it will result in waste plastic, paper and iron. We know that the three types of goods can be recycled; it can open opportunities for recycling efforts. Used goods businesses, such as collecting sed plastic of beverage, paper, scrap metal, are profitable and promising.

BTEGrade9

SMP N 2 Semarang

45


Picture 4. Minimarket.

3. Ages level
Human needs, based on the age level, are varied. For examples, babys newborn will need milk, clothing, talc, oil, talon and more. Teens and parents have also a lot of needs. If we are able to look at the needs and try to capture the business opportunities there may be many business opportunities.

4. Job activities
When we look at business opportunities from human activity, there are also many business opportunities. Farmers need a lot of seeds, fertilizer, and marketing of agricultural products. Office workers need neat clothing and office supply that many kinds of variety. Is it not a business opportunity? When we look at a lot of business opportunities that can be done, but sometimes we are blind to find opportunities for which we often choose a prestigious opportunity and instantly generate a big profit. Because you want to quickly earn profits doubled so many are trapped in legal business activities which are prohibited as well as religious and moral norms.

5. School activities
Business opportunities in school can be surveyed through questionnaires or through direct observation, so you can sell goods that are really required by the students.

B. Business Legality Every business operation need legal aspects of law. Beside that, there are also other things that are also important, such as: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Dont break copyrights. It is prohibited from producing and trading goods without the permission of rights owners. Dont produce and trade goods that are endangering health and safety. Prohibited from trading stolen and suggled goods. Prohibited from trading things that against religious norms and morals. Prohibited from trading protected animals and many more things to consider. Each of breaching will get legal sanction.

Government regulations that are issued by the Department of Commerce have set the permissions to establish business. Among them you should have the letters of as follows: 1. SITU (Surat Ijin Tempat Usaha) Place of Business License is issued by the Local Government (regency and province) as long as the law require it. SIUP (Surat Ijin Usaha Perdagangan) SIUP given to entrepreneurs, both the individual, firm, CV, PT, cooperatives, state enterprises, etc. SIUP is signed by the head office of the Province Trade on behalf of the Minister. The form of SIUP divided into: a) white is for small companies.

2.

BTEGrade9

SMP N 2 Semarang

46

 3. b) blue is for medium-sized companies. c) yellow is for large companies. NPWP (Nomor Pokok Wajib Pajak) Entrepreneurs are taxpayers and should register themselves at the Directorate General of Tax and tax ID will be assigned to him. 4. NRP (Nomor Register Perusahaan) Business owners must take care and have NRP or also known as Company Registration Sign (TDP). 5. NRB (Nomor Rekening Bank) Entrepreneurs must take care and have a NRB. The procedure in getting the NRB includes: a) Submit a copy of KTP/SIM. b) Fill in the specimen signature card. 6. EIA (Environmental Impact Analysis) EIA is the entire process including the preparation of environmental impact analysis for various businesses.

Task 1. To do entrepreneurial should have permission. What's the permissions? .. .. .. The reality in the community we find some efforts done by people to get a life because the ooportunities to get work is very limited. There are formal and non formal work. Try to identify the two types of them. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Business Activity Formal Non formal

2.

BTEGrade9

SMP N 2 Semarang

47

 7 8 9 10

3.

Small traders still who do not have permission. Explain why?

Parent Signature

Score

Teacher Signature

BTEGrade9

SMP N 2 Semarang

48

COMPETENT TEST
A. Choose the correct answer by crossing A, B, C, or D. 1. In seeking a business opportunity, entrepreneurs should be . a. ductile b. cool c. careless d. compassion 2. These are business opportunities that are the impact of technological advances, excep . a. established Warnet b. established Wartel c. opening the Computer Stores d. pedicab service 3. These are business ooportunities when we are school environment or campus, except . a. cafe b. copy c. toy store d. food stalls 4. In searching business opportunities, we should do the following things, except . a. to have prestige b. to be rich quickly c. to be inconsistent d. to strive 5. Here is the result of entrepreneurs who are too anxious to gain much profit, except . a. being trapped in illegal business b. braking law c. harming consumers d. being successful 6. These are the things that are not permitted in a business, except . a. trading goods endangering health b. trading things that break religious norms and moral c. trading stationery d. trading protected animals 7. The meaning of copyright breaking is that people . a. trade goods without the permission of copy right owners b. sing a song without permission from the creator c. produce food that is the same as other stores sell d. wear the same clothes with other people

BTEGrade9

SMP N 2 Semarang

49

 8. The followings are not the part of establishing business licence . a. SIUP b. SIM c. TIN d. NRP 9. Whole process which includes preparation on environmental impact analysis for various business is called . a. SIUP b. SITU c. ANDAL d. SIM 10. The licence is done for the tax is . a. SIUP b. SIM c. TIN d. NRP

B. Answer the following questions correctly and clearly. 1. Mention trade opportunities due to technological advances. .. .. 2. Mention trade opportunities due to the advance of life. .. .. 3. List five examples of things that are not allowed to do in the business. .. .. 4. Mention 5 things that must be prepared if you want to establish a business. .. ..

BTEGrade9

SMP N 2 Semarang

50

 5. What do you know about SIUP?

Parent Signature

Score

Teacher Signature

BTEGrade9

SMP N 2 Semarang

51

Establishing self-employment (self-owned-enterprises)

A.

Stages of establishing a business

Businesses that provide opportunities to go ahead are businesses that are able to provide benefits. To achieve success, the first step in identifying business opportunities is to foster positive self-image. Be optimistic in facing any situation in business. Trust that God is always with us. And that business opportunity is still widely-opened in front of us, provided for us and we have a passion to have progress in entrepreneurship. Starting a business is not easy, but it requires calculation and careful consideration and determination and strong spirit. In entrepreneurship, there are two important things that will be encountered: the first advantage is the hope of all people in running the business, promising results can be as a motivator. Both losses are avoided by the risk business, but the two are like two sides of the coin that are very close and can not be separated. The pursuit of excessive profits without considering the losses that may occur is known as speculation. Excessive speculation can harm the business. The success of the business requires time and strategy, patience, and perseverance. PTD step in learning to establish entrepreneurship must go through the process (phase phase): 1. First: THINK "What business is going to run"? To answer that question, you must find the business opportunities; through surveys or observation of the market (what is needed by consumers). Consumers are very broad; by age, culture, habits, trends, education, places, and activities. 2. Second: DESIGN "What steps must be taken to design a business?" It must be designed in such a written concept: a business name, product/business form such as what is executed, which handles personnel, the necessary capital, premises, equipment, and the licence of business. All above have to be formulated in the proposal documents. Proposals must be examined through a public presentation. 3. Third: Create / Practice "How to prepare a place of business?" Choosing a strategic location of business is important. It must be well laid, beautiful, clean and tidy, at least it looks healthy. "How does the service system?" Service system should be well organized so it will run smoothly.

BTEGrade9

SMP N 2 Semarang

52

 "How are the supplay of goods/products to be offered?" It should be provided in accordance to the plan. It should be daily evaluated as a practical processing test to know the smoothness of the business and teamwork.

4. Fourth: Evaluation and Reporting It is the evaluation of general entrepreneurial activities and the preparation of financial reporting.

B. Entrepreneurial DESIGN PREPARATION:

Entrepreneur (Self-Owned Enterprises) and a group in where you work must be designed in the best way sp it can run well and smoothly. Steps to be performed are as follows:

1. Discussion & Survey:

The group have to make a discussion to determine what business will be ran, and determine the steps to survey market. Market survey conducted in the principle that there are several objectives that are to obtain: a. want to know the market conditions b. want to know the competition to be faced c. want to know the market potential and purchasing power d. want to get information of the demand of consumers for example the quality of goods, model, the price of goods and services desired. The survey can be done in two ways: first, direct observation that is carried out by considering the tendency of consumers that buy objects or food, occasionally allowed to interview and chat. Second, make polling by asking some questions in writing to the consumer society. Good polling can capture data from the community. Sample questions: 1. What snacks you like? 2. How much pocket money do you spend in your school a day? 3. and so on. Questions can be developed as needed. Based on the observations or a survey it can be decided the type of business to be conducted.

BTEGrade9

SMP N 2 Semarang

53

Task 1
1. If we will begin to establish entrepreneurial, we should make observations or market survey first. What do you want to know from the observation or market survey? . . 2. What is the use pf a market survey for people who will start a business? . . 3. Try to identify what some goods that have positive influence in life and can be used as a business opportunity. . . 4. Try to design market surveys instrument on a sheet of paper. . . 5. Perform market survey (directly or via Internet) . .

Parent Signature

Score

Teacher Signature

BTEGrade9

SMP N 2 Semarang

54

2. Making Proposals
Further design efforts are arranged in a proposal. The proposal is a written document about a plan of activities to be performed. Business proposal must contain information relating to all sorts of business plans for example: Part I: Name of Business that will be established, for an example Meredian Cafe, Jaya Sakti, Corporate Strategies. We are free to choose a name that is significantly important name in the hope that later became famous and advanced. Next as a preliminary proposal describes the type of business you would do such business to sell food, sell goods, produce and sell goods and so on. Part II: Background, contains the things/reasons that is the background for the establishment of the business. The background is explained with a sentence that is composed so the people who read it will quickly understand. Part III: Objectives: you must formulate goals that easy to implement (realistic), example of increasing income, profit and so on. Part IV: Time: describes when a business you will operate (implemented), starting date until the date of termination of activities. Schedule for its marketing efforts has to be clear. This must be planned carefully. Part V: Places, Tools & Distribution Task: explain the place of production when you attempt to make things to sell and explain the marketing. And describe all the necessary equipment and division of duties among the members of the group. Part VI Operating Costs or Capital Planning: In this section you write the plan of funds to be used for production activities if you will produce goods. And determine/estimate how much capital is needed to start the business. For example, for raw materials, cost producing process, transport, and cost of promotion. The initial capital of activities should be estimated and from which the source of funds comes. It can be from a loan or from selling stock (saham). Part VI: Expected outcomes: it is the result of the production process and the outcome of the marketing benefits and impacts on the environment of which we do business. Part VII: Marketing: In this section you describe the process of marketing goods, services, techniques, and on distribution of work assignments so that all group members participate in the process and marketing. Part VIII: Closing: It is the eplanations of the expectations from the arranger of business proposal. Explanation of each part (I sd VIII) in a proposal have to use good sentences and Indonesian languages. They should be well-organized according to what is described. The concept of the proposal should be consulted to the guidance teacher. If the proposal has

BTEGrade9

SMP N 2 Semarang

55

 been is the next best in neatly typed using a font size of 12 spaces on paper 1.5 HVS quarto (A4) The proposal that you made was presented in front of teachers and students. It explains about the business idea. Ask feedback or input from all parties for the better proposal and plan. In the presentation, presenters must be ready with; transparances when they will use the OHP and the others as needed. Moderators are assisted by teachers. If there is a good input and it is accepted, the proposal will be revised, then ask for endorsement.

3. Presentation:

4. Endorsement
Endorsement of the proposal was made by the supervisor and acknowledged also by the principal on approval sheets. How to get the endorsement is by requesting the relevant signatures.

5. Capital
Learning entrepreneurship requires capital. Capital can be from: a. School School acts as stimulant bank by lending amount of money depends on the financial condition of each school (for example, each group was given 50.000, -), additional capital could be done by planting stock. b. Members Capital contributions can be from the members of the group. The number depends on the agreement.

BTEGrade9

SMP N 2 Semarang

56

Task 2
Designing a business (Done in a group) a. Preparation of designing a business Name of Business: Select the type of business to be run: 1. Services 2. Production 3. Trade Determine personnel: Chairman : . Treasurer : . Members : Divide tasks/personnel jobs: .. .. .. What equipment is needed; .. .. .. What energy sources are needed for the business: 1. Electricity 2. ..

BTEGrade9

SMP N 2 Semarang

57

 b. Designing & determining capital: The capital available: 1. Capital from the PTD 2. Of the members of each 3. Total capital

: Rp. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... : Rp. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... : Rp ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

c.

Designing a site & schedule of business: When and where business will be executed: Place: ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Schedule of business: Day Time

: ... ... ... .. ... ... ... ... : ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Parent Signature

Score

Teacher Signature

BTEGrade9

SMP N 2 Semarang

58

 Task 3 Preparation of Business Proposals Note: Proposals made by the group with the following provisions: 1. Created outside school hours of PTD 2. Consulted by the supervisor 3. Attached by endorsement sheet (Business License) 4. Writing: Paper size: A4 Type/write neatly Font size: 12, space: 1.5 5. Create a preparation of a business proposal presentation. 6. Proposal Presentation.

BTEGrade9

SMP N 2 Semarang

59

COMPETENT TEST
A. 1. Choose the most correct answer, by crossing (x) A, B, C, or D. The important thing in business is consumer. Consumer means as follows, except . a. trend b. based on age c. culture d. price These things should be designed in starting a business, except . . a. business name b. business license c. loss d. capital required The purpose of market survey is to a. know the market potential and purchase power b. trade at the market c. look for work in the Market d. ask the merchant Describes when a business you will operate, the date of start until the date of expiration of the activities contained in the proposal. It is said in part . a. I b. II c. III d. IV Part II of the proposal contains . a. the process of marketing goods, services, and techniques b. the formulation of objectives that are easily carried (realistic) c. the things/reasons of business establishment (background) d. result of the production process and results of marketing Asking some questions to the consumer society is a kind of survey using . a. direct observation b. interview c. book d. questionnaire To pursuit of excessive profits without considering the losses that may occur is known as a . a. gambling b. speculation c. survey d. business

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

BTEGrade9

SMP N 2 Semarang

60

 8.

The next process after proposal is . a. presentation b. endorsement c. implementation d. design The main goal of business proposal presentation is to . a. search for a name b. ask for responses and input fromthe public c. request contribution d. adverse society

9.

10. The next process after the presentation of proposal is . a. presentation b. endorsement c. implementation d. design

B. 1.

Answer the following questions correctly and clearly! What is speculation? .. .. State the purpose of market surveys. .. .. What is a proposal? .. .. Mention business planning stages. .. .. Make a list of the contents of part I in a business proposal. .. ..

2.

3.

4.

5.

Parent Signature

Score

Teacher Signature

BTEGrade9

SMP N 2 Semarang

61