Power and authority Victory Stele of Naram-Sin Mesopotamia Akkadian ruler Naram-Sin Hieratic scale- larger size and

elevated Boldly silhuouetted Arsenal of weaponry- spear, battle axe, bow, arrow Grand helmet with horns- reserved for gods before-> divinity claim Well formed, powerful male body, muscular like Gods Important military victory Army dressed similar marching up the hillside into battle Identifiable native trees-> real event Naram Sin smashing enemy under foot Enemy is dying with spear in neck Others beg for mercy Warrior Chief Flanked by Warriors and Attendants Benin, Nigeria, Middle Period Brass plaque. Just over a foot high King is in highest relief, and largest Warrior chief in ceremonial attire- rank dictated by leopard teeth necklace, coral cap and collar, elaborately decorated skirt, leopard mask on hip Holding a spear in one hand and raising an eben sword in othermark of high rank Flanked by two warriors with shields and spears and two attendants- one playing a horn and the other with gift box for the oba Raising sword= declaring allegiance to the oba-> movement adds conviction and authority Head larger; African art the head is the important part of body African features: almond eyes, broad nose, full lips Covered chin with strands of beads in Middle Period Human body Warrior Chief Flanked by Warriors and Attendants Polykleitos, Doryphoros (Spear Bearer) Polykleitos, Canon of Proportions, High Classical Greek -> original in bronze Ideal human body Regular facial features, smooth skin,, particular body portions -> physical perfection Larger than life size Carrying spear

System of rations between a basica unit and length of body parts Guidelines for symmetria (relationship of body parts to one another) Contrapposto- weight bearing and relaxation Upper body supported on engaged right leg; left leg bent at knee and raised on ball of foot Preceding and succeeding movement Dynamically balanced Defined muscles- some more than realistically- hip/pelvis harsh lines Hair: gently waved Little emotional expression Art to convey a narrative Admonition Scroll Gu Kaizhi. Six Dynasties Period Confucian scroll: wifely virtue Lady Feng keeping calm and protecting scared husband (Emperor) from a bear while others run off in a panic and some male attendents fight off the bear with spears Only Lady Feng is calm Movement and emotion shown through Lady Fengs flowing dress No hint of a setting- careful placement of figures -> depth Handscroll viewed intimately to tell a story Vishnu on the Cosmic Waters @Deogarh One main shikhara, garbagriha (sacred cavern within cosmic mountain- deitys home), axis mundi running through the center of the amlaka and shikhara through deity (temple as conduit b/w celestial + earth) Built on sacred mandala plan Panels serve as windows- let light of Vishnu out of the temple to be seen by those outside Vishnu (large- hieratic scale) lying on cosmic waters at beginning of creation- 3 registers Sleeping on Ananta (serpent of infinity) Lakshmi (female shakti aspect) holding his foot Dreaming the universe into existence- lotus from his navel onto top register with 4headed Brahma who turns himself into the universe (other gods at the top) Vishnu is large, resplendent with 4 arms (omnipotence) Lightly carved but richly ornamented with jewelry; cylindrical crown Ideal Gupta body- smooth perfected shape

Lowest register: 4 aspects of Vishnu on right fighting appearance of evil (2 demons with swords on the left) Momentous events as a concrete drama

Victory Stele of Naram-Sin Natural world/ nature motifs Girl Gathering Saffron Crocus Flowers Wall fresco. Greece- Ancient Aegean Pluck crocus flowers growing on hillside- hilly, rocky, flowery landscape Orange and blue/green hills- decorative use of bright colors and darker shadows Stylized patterning on the natural forms Rhythmic flow of landscape with curves Saffron valued as yellow dye for textiles, medicinal for cramps In a room for coming of age ceremonies for women at onset of menses Girl with shaved head and light blue scalp with hair growing out -> entering adolescence Shapely figure, jewels (earrings, anklets, bracelets) Clothes with rich patterns- fully clothed, not much bare skin Skin is pale- spend time inside while men are darker color Delicate features- nose and mouth Not sexualized, but drawn with grace, elegance- drawn with movement not rigidity Alhambra Islamic city complex Court of the Lions: garden form called a chahar bagh; walkways with channels of water that meet at a central fountain; arches embellished with muqarnas, second floor miradors (windows that frame views); courtyard gardened with aromatic citrus Hall of the Abencerrajes: rises to an 8 pointed star shapedhoneycomb of muqarnas (resembling stalactites). Star pierced by 16 windows: light makes it seem like the muqarnas are floating overhead like the heavens Court of the Myrtles: the basins round shape responds to the concentric ripples of the water. Water adds visual dynamism and

sound, uniting disparate scenes Walls have arabesque designs of scrolling vines Hostility/violence Warrior Chief and Attendants Victory Stele of Naram-Sin Cultures attitude towards women Girl Gathering Crocus Flowers Admonition Scroll How sacred spaces accommodate religious beliefs and practices Vishnu Temple at Deogarh Dome of the Rock 3rd most holy site in Islam. @Jerusalem site of 1st and 2nd Jewish temples. Assoc. with Solomon. Creation of Adam. Where Abraham prepared to sacrifice Isaac shrine built over the rock in the Byzantine style first architectural manifestation of Islams view of itself supersedes prophesies of Christian faith imitates early Christian and Byzantine architecture but has a golden dome instead of a plain exterior ceramic mosaic added to exterior Dome is above a circular drum with windows supported by arcades. Round arch with piers and columns Several isles allow visitors to circumambulate the rock Although the interior is very elaborate, it does not take away focus from the rock Oldest inscriptions from Quran form friezes on inner and outer arcades Walk around central space to read inscriptions Abstract symmetrical patterns. Marble walls. Vine scrolls and trees above Quran verses embellished with imitation jewels Kaaba In Mecca Most holy site in Islam- Symbolic center of Islamic world One of the 5 pillars of faith = hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca)

Exchange of ideas Muhammad came back and got rid of all the pagan idols (aniconism) Nonfigural ornamentation (arabesques, complex geometrical designs, scrolling lines) Focus on manipulating line, color, pattern Script and abstract calligraphy Simply box structure Circumambulate it Axis mundi Family groupings/relationships Admonition Scroll Akhenaten and his Family Egypts Amarna period Akhenaten and Queen Nefertiti playing with their nude naughters Recive royal blessings of Aten King pats child on head lovingly, she kisses him Youngest trying to attract mothers attention, stroking her Oldest tugs on mothers hand Fidgety behavior of children and the loving involvement of their parents in a manner not shown in earlier portraiture Representation of deities or holy personages in relation to the religious beliefs and practices within its culture Hungry Tigress Jataka Asuka Period, Japan 2 dimensional illustration of the Jataka Tales (about the former lives of the Buddha) Buddha sacrificing his life to feed a starving tigress and cubs Jumps off a cliff to break his body so the tigers can feed on him Thin graceful form of the Buddha paralleled by curves of the rocky cliff and the bamboo sprigs Abstract treatment of cliff, trees, bamboo represent international Buddhist style Buddha is represented 3 times- taking off shirt, diving down, being eaten Buddha has ushnisha, elongated robes but the focus is on him as a human figure- showing what other humans can do to get on the path to enlightenment Showing one of the steps in the 8 fold path- right action.

Selflessness Educating others about path to enlightenment Vishnu on Cosmic Waters @ Deogarh