AUTO TRACKING SYSTEM FOR A SOLAR PANEL

A DESIGN AND FABRICATION PRO1ECT REPORT

Submitted by

GOUNIPALLI MOHAN (0800808053)
SURREDI VENKATESH BABU (0800808424)
SRIKAKOLAPU SIVA KRISHNA (0800808177)


3 partial fulfillme3t for the award of the degree

Of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING

3

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

HINDUSTAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE
CHENNAI 603 103

OCTOBER 2011


HINDUSTAN UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI 603 103




BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE




CertiIied that this project report ~SOLAR PANEL AUTO TRACKING is the
bonaIide work oI 'GOUNIPALLI MOHAN, SURREDI VENKATESH BABU,
SRIKAKOLAPU SIVA KRISHNA who carried out the project work under my
supervision.


SIGNATURE SIGNATURE

DR.HYANCANTH J KENNEDY MR.V.VIRAN KUMAR
HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT PRO1ECT SUPERVISOR
HINDUSTAN UNIVERSITY ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
CHENNAI -603103 HINDUSTAN UNIVERSITY
CHENNAI -603103















TABLE OF CONTENTS


CHAPTER NO. TITLE PAGE NO.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT iii
LIST OF TABLE xvi
LIST OF FIGURES xviii
LIST OF SYMBOLS xxvii


1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 GENERAL 01
1.1.1 MAN AND ENERGY 01
1.2 AVAILABLE RENEWABLE 01
SOURCES OF ENERGY

2. SOLAR ENERGY
2.0 INTRODUCTION 02
2.1 METHODS OF UTILIZATION OF
SOLAR ENERGY 03
2.1.1 DIRECT METHOD 03
2.1.2 PHOTO VOLTAIC METHOD 05

3. SOLAR PANEL AUTO TRACKING MECHANISM
3.0 NEED FOR AUTO TRACKING SYSTEM 07
3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM 07
3.2 WOKING PRINCIPLE 08
3.2.1 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 09
3.2.2 NORMAL CONDITION

3.2.3 ABNORMAL CONDITION 10


. DESIGNING
4.1 LDR SENSOR 12

4.2 PERMANENT MAGNET DC MOTOR 12
4.3 SPUR GEAR 13
4.4 BALL BEARING 13
4.4.1 WAHL STRESS FACTOR
4.5 CATIA DESIGNS 15

5. LIST OF MATERIALS
5.1 LIST OF MATERIALS 17
6. COST ESTIMATION
6.1 COST EASTIMATION CHART 18
7. ADVANTAGES AND APPLICATIONS
7.1 APPLICATIONS 19
8. CONCLUSION 20















ABSTRACT:

The objective oI this project is to introduce auto tracking mechanism Ior existed
solar panels to achieve maximum solar power as output. Thus by using
this tracking system we can increase the conversion eIIiciency oI the solar electric
power generation. In tracking mechanism LDR sensor is used to detect the light
direction and intensity oI sunrays and there by sends signal to the control circuit.
Thus control circuit controls permanent magnet DC motor, which tilts solar panel
according to sun`s direction using spur gear mechanism. Thus maximum output is
generated using auto tracking mechanism.



Keywords used: Auto tracking, LDR, Solar panel, Control circuit



LIST OF SYMBOLS & ABBREVIATIONS:

LDR Light dependent resistor

DC Direct current

GR Gear ratio

GRR Gear reduction ratio

PV CELL Photo Voltaic cell

IC CIRCUIT Integrated circuit

C.I Cast Iron

M.S Mild Steel

O Ohms

V Voltage

P Power

W Wattage

Ks Wahl stress Iactor

N RPM

W
a
Angular velocity