Rachel Frankenfield September 22, 2011 CP Bio; Tucker Unit 1 Notes Summary Vocabulary: Science- organized way of using

evidence to learn abut the natural world Observation- using 1 or more senses to gather info Data- the information gathered from an observation Qualitative; description, judgement (ex: color, texture, look) Quantitative; measurements, amounts (ex: mass, weight, length)

Inference- logical interpretation based on prior knowledge and experience Hypothesis- a possible explanation for a set of observations or an answer to a scientific question Spontaneous Generation- hypothesis that life could arrive from nonliving matter Controlled Experiment- an experiment where only 1 variable changes at a time Manipulated Variable- variable that is changed on purpose Responding Variable- variable that changes due to the manipulated variable Theory- well tested explanation, unifies many observations Biology- the science that sets out to understand the living world Cell- a collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier separating it from surroundings Sexual Reproduction- two cells from different parents unite to produce the first cell of an organism Asexual Reproduction- the new cell has only one parent, parent may have split to create offspring

Metabolism- the combo of chemical reactions through which an organism breaks down or builds up Evolve- change over time Questions: 1. Inference vs. Hypothesis? Inference: reasoning involved in drawing a conclusion or making a logical judgement (ex: the sun will probably rise tomorrow, because it rises daily) Hypothesis: a tentative theory; a concept that must be proven (ex: I hypothesize that fiberglass 2. What are two areas of science that threaten morals? Medicine _________________________

3. What are the five steps of setting up an experiment? Control group Experimental group Manipulated variable Responding variable Controlled variables (constants)

4. Manipulated variable vs. responding variable? The manipulated variable is the variable that the scientist changes in the experiment. The responding variable changes due to the manipulated variable. 5. Who were Pasteur and Redi? Pasteur did an experiment of boiling broth and leaving it untouched with a curved neck attached, which remained free of micro organisms for a year. When the neck was removed, it was teeming with organisms.

Redi ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ____________________________________________

6. What are the eight characteristics of living things? Made up of cells Reproduction Based on a genetic code Maintain a stable internal environment Need for materials and energy Response to environment Growth and development Evolution

7. Unicellular organisms vs. multicellular organisms? ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 8. Define Sexual reproduction and Asexual reproduction, and give an example of a species that use s each form. Sexual reproduction- two cells from diff. parents untie to produce the first cell of an organism (ex: humans) Asexual reprocuction- new cell has one single parent (ex: _____________) 9. Give three examples of genetic traits that are passed from parent to offspring. Eye color Hair color ______________

10. Why do species and organisms evolve? ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 11. Give an example of each level of organization. Population- a bison herd Community- hawk, snake, prarie dog, grass, bison Ecosystem- stream, rocks, air, hawk, snake, prarie dog, grass, bison Biosphere- the part of Earth that contains all ecosystems

12. What are the advantages to the metric system? The rest of the world uses it 10, 100, 1000

13. Name 4 lab setting precautions scientists should take. Wearing safety goggles Washing hands after touching hazardous substances Using Eye Wash Station Never putting anything from the lab into their body (eating it, etc.)

Other Important Information: An important goal of scientists is to use evidence to learn about the natural world. The smallest units considered to be alive are organisms atoms. Living things can be studied at different levels of organization, from molecular level to the largest level, the ecosystem biosphere.