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PSYCHOLOGY REPORT
EFFECTS OF THE CURRENT POLITICAL SITUATION ON YOUTH

SUBMITTED TO:
Dr. Nadia Ayub Instructor, Introduction to Psychology IoBM, Institute of Business Management

SUBMITTED BY:
Omer Mohammad Khan Nabeel Nazim Syed Imran

Dated: December 09, 2011

EFFECTS OF THE CURRENT POLITICAL SITUATION ON YOUTH

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

With the esteem depth of our heart, we are thankful to the INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT, and our Introduction to Psychology instructor, DR.NADIA AYUB that she polished our research skills and provided us an opportunity to have a practical of all that we have studied in the course.

We have tried to accomplish the report assigned by the instructor to the best of our abilities, but still there might be a number of problems in the report that would be removed only with the guidance of our course instructor. We welcome and appreciate the error picking and suggestions from the side of our instructor.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ........................................................................................................................2 TABLE OF CONTENTS ..........................................................................................................................3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................................4 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................5 POLITICAL INSTABILITY:............................................................................................................................. 5 CORRUPTION :........................................................................................................................................... 5 UNITED STATES DOMINANCE & WAR AGAINST TERRORISM : ................................................................. 6 RESEARCH METHODOOGY..................................................................................................................6 SAMPLE: .................................................................................................................................................... 6 MEASURE: ................................................................................................................................................. 6 PROCEDURE: ............................................................................................................................................. 6 RESULTS ............................................................................................................................................7 DISCUSSION ..................................................................................................................................... 10 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................................... 13 REFERENCES .................................................................................................................................... 14 APPENDIX ........................................................................................................................................ 15 APPENDIX A (GRAPHS) .............................................................................................................................. 16 APPENDIX B (QUESTIONNAIRE) ................................................................................................................... 21

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The aim of this research is to determine the possible effects of current political scenario on the youth. This means we want to find out some general information about the current political and law & order situation and its psychological effects on the youth of Karachi. We are only interested in an evaluation of these variables, and how they are related to one another. Our hypothesis is, the effects of the current political situation on the minds of the youth of Karachi. The dependent variable in our hypotheses is the effects on the minds of youth which could be further sub-divided into mainly three factors, which are: insecurity, stress and frustration. The independent variable in our hypothesis is the current political scenario which could be categorized into mainly three subheadings which are: Corruption, Target Killing and US Dominance. Our aim is determine the degree of correlation between the dependant and independent variables. This study consists of 60 participants, out of whom 30 were male and 30 were female participants from different universities and localities from all over Karachi. Since our target audience was the youth of Karachi, the participants of the study were between 18 and 26 years of age. The questionnaire that was filled by the participants consisted of 13 close ended and 1 open ended questions. The response type for the close ended questions was a 5 point likert type rating scale. It comprised of 5 options which include the following: Strongly Agree, Agree, Neither Agree nor Disagree, Disagree and Strongly Disagree. The main findings of the research were that current political situation of Pakistan has an adverse effect over our youth. Our youth considers Pakistan an extremely unsafe place to live and this factor combined with Corruption, Inflation, Unemployment and Undue Political influences makes our youth of the opinion that they would evade Pakistan on the earliest opportunity they get. The main implications of the study are that there is a positive relation between the dependant and independent variables of our hypothesis. Which means that the current law & order situation in the country, political instability and US dominance are the factors that contribute to many tribulations which are being faced by our youth. These tribulations may include issues like depression, fatigue, anxiety and frustration among the youth of Karachi.

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INTRODUCTION
Our topic of the research was regarding the current impact on the youth of Pakistan due to political instability, corruption and where we stand in the eyes of the world and how the war against terrorism and terrorism itself has developed frustration among the youth as well as the entire` population of Pakistan . There are many issues which had led our country to the current status it has adopted on the world map. People living here and abroad they all have the perception that Pakistan is not a safe place to live and we have highlighted some major issues which has led this country to the path of destruction. The major factors that we have highlighted in our research are as follows-

POLITICAL INSTABILITY:
From the day Pakistan was on the map since that day we never had a proud and transparent government but when current issues are concerned our present government had led the entire country with a high frustration level. Now focusing on the literate youth of Pakistan they are very concerned about their future careers and they are not very sure about their future and what and where their planning would end up. According to our survey of just 60 candidates majority of the sample say that they are frustrated by the present government and they all agree that we have a lack of merit in this country. Now talking about the illiterate portion this high level of frustration has raised high corruption and dis- satisfaction among themselves

CORRUPTION:
According to survey by UN Pakistan is ranked number 1 in corruption and crime. There may be many reasons like inflation , poverty , lack of proper education in more than 80% of the country ,Which has increased the rate of corruption in more or less each and every sector and at all levels. Not even a merited platform is available in education and careers that have also made many people leave this country and are very happy to move abroad as their merit is more accepted and recognized there.

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UNITED STATES DOMINANCE & WAR AGAINST TERRORISM:

Another factor which we think is important to quote is the US dominance and the war against terrorism which made our countrys situation from bad to worse. This war against terrorism which was influenced by United State has also made people scared and have even lost trust of future existence of Pakistan as we have spoiled our countrys image in the eyes of the world.

RESEARCH METHODOOGY

SAMPLE:

The sample for our research consisted of a total of 60 participants out of which 30 were male and 30 were female participants. Since our target audience was the youth of Karachi, the age of the participants varied from 18 to 26.

MEASURE:
The primary research for the report was taken from questionnaires. Each questionnaire consisted of 13 close ended and 1 open ended questions. The sample questionnaire has been attached in the appendix.

PROCEDURE:
First of all we identified the participants that fit our target audience. Once the participants were indentified they had to sign a consent form followed by their demographic information. After that the participants were supposed to answer the core questions of the questionnaire. On average it took 5 minutes to fill each questionnaire. The recorded responses were then analyzed and discussed in detail.
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RESULTS
1. I think that Pakistan is a safe place to live. Strongly Disagree Disagree Neighter Agree nor disagree Agree Strongly Agree 13.33 % 30 % 21.67 % 28.33 % 6.67 %

2. I would move to some other country as soon as I get an opportunity. Strongly Disagree 5% Disagree 23.33 % Neighter Agree nor disagree 26.67 % Agree 36.67 % Strongly Agree 8.33 %

3. I feel frustrated because of our current leadership and system. Strongly Disagree 1.67 % Disagree 3.33 % Neighter Agree nor disagree 1.67 % Agree 36.67 % Strongly Agree 56.67 %

4. I feel that people not on merit basis are given priority over merit. Strongly Disagree 0% Disagree 0% Neighter Agree nor disagree 6.67 % Agree 73.33 % Strongly Agree 20 %

5. I think inflation is one of the factors of increasing corruption. Strongly Disagree 0% Disagree 10 % Neighter Agree nor disagree 10 % Agree 58.33 % Strongly Agree 21.67 %

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6. I think increasing unemployment rate is a factor of frustration in our youth. Strongly Disagree 0% Disagree 6.67 % Neighter Agree nor disagree 15 % Agree 41.67 % Strongly Agree 36.67 %

7. I think that for common man many things have become out of reach due to inflation. Strongly Disagree 0% Disagree 0% Neighter Agree nor disagree 13.33 % Agree 60 % Strongly Agree 26.67 %

8. I feel that my life has become isolated because of the current political and law & order situation. Strongly Disagree 1.67 % Disagree 36.67 % Neighter Agree nor disagree 23.33 % Agree 35 % Strongly Agree 3.33 %

9. I feel physically safe in my city. Strongly Disagree Disagree Neighter Agree nor disagree Agree Strongly Agree

18.33 % 43.33 % 25 % 10 % 3.33 %

10. I feel that law enforcing agencies are capable of overcoming target killing. Strongly Disagree 15 % Disagree 31.67 % Neighter Agree nor disagree 13.33 % Agree 26.67 % Strongly Agree 13.33 %

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11. I feel that travelling around the city at late hours is not safe. Strongly Disagree Disagree Neighter Agree nor disagree Agree Strongly Agree

3.33 % 13.33 % 6.67 % 45 % 31.67 %

12. I think that there is involvement of neighboring countries in target killing. Strongly Disagree 0% Disagree 20 % Neighter Agree nor disagree 26.67 % Agree 28.33 % Strongly Agree 25 %

13. I feel that my country has become isolated from the world because of US dominance. Strongly Disagree 1.67 % Disagree 15 % Neighter Agree nor disagree 18.33 % Agree 48.33 % Strongly Agree 16.67 %

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DISCUSSION
1. I think that Pakistan is a safe place to live. In response to this statement, only 6.67% of the sample population strongly agreed that Pakistan is a safe place to live, while 28.33% of the people just agreed to this statement. On the other hand around 13.33% strongly disagreed and 30% disagreed to admit that Pakistan is a safe place to live. While 21.67% of the people responded by neither agreeing nor disagreeing to the statement. This means that the majority of the participants do not believe that Pakistan is a safe place to live. 2. I would move to some other country as soon as I get an opportunity. In response to this statement, 8.33 % of the sample population strongly agreed that they will move to some other country as soon as they get an opportunity while 36.67% just agreed to this. On the other hand around 5% strongly disagreed and 3.33% disagreed that they will never move to other country. While 26.67% people responded by neither agreeing nor disagreeing to the statement. This means that majority of participants will move to other country as soon as they get an opportunity. 3. I feel frustrated because of our current leadership and system. In response to this statement, 56.67 % of the sample population strongly agreed that they feel frustrated because of current leadership & system and 36.67% just agreed to this. On the other hand around 1.67% strongly disagreed and 3.33% disagreed that they dont feel frustrated because of the leadership & system. While 1.67% people responded by neither agreeing nor disagreeing to the statement. This means that most of the participants are frustrated because of the leadership and system. 4. I feel that people not on merit basis are given priority over merit. In response to the statement, 20% of the population strongly agreed that not merit basis are given priority over merit and 73.3% just agreed to this. On the other hand 0% strongly disagreed and 0% disagreed that not merit basis is not given priority over merit .While 6.67% responded by neither agreeing nor disagreeing to the statement. This means that majority of the participants believe that not merit basis is given priority over merit and rest of the people did not agree nor disagree.

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5. I think inflation is one of the factors of increasing corruption. In response to the statement, 21.67% of the sample population strongly agreed that inflation is one of the factors of increasing corruption and 58.33% just agreed to this. On the other hand 0% strongly disagreed and 10% disagreed that inflation is not one of the factors for increasing corruption. While 10% responded by neither agreeing nor disagreeing .This means that majority of the people believe that inflation is one of the factors of increasing corruption. 6. I think increasing unemployment rate is a factor of frustration in our youth. In response to the statement, 36.67% of the sample population strongly agreed that increasing unemployment rate is a factor of frustration on our youth and 41.67% just agreed to this. On the other hand 0% strongly disagreed and 6.67% disagreed that increasing unemployment rate is not the factor of frustration in our youth .While 15% responded by neither agreeing nor disagreeing. This means that majority of the participants believe that increasing unemployment rate is one of the factor of frustration in our youth. 7. I think that for common man many things have become out of reach due to inflation. Around 26.67% strongly agree and 60% agree to this. Around 0% strongly disagree and 0% disagree whereas 13.33% neither agree nor disagree. 8. I feel that my life has become isolated because of the current political and law & order situation. In response to the statement, 3.33% of the sample population strongly agreed that their life has become isolated because of the current political and law & order situation and 35% just agreed to this. On the other hand 1.67% strongly disagreed and 36.67% disagreed that their life has not become isolated because of the current political and law & order situation .While 23.33% responded by neither agreeing nor disagreeing .This means that majority of the participants believe that their life has become isolated because of the current political and law & order situation.

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9. I feel physically safe in my city. In response to the statement, 3.33% of the sample population strongly agreed that they feel physically safe in their country and 10% just agreed to this .On the other hand 18.33% strongly disagreed and 43.33% disagreed that they dont feel physically safe in their country. While 25% responded by neither agreeing nor disagreeing .This means that majority of the participants dont feel physically safe in their country. 10. I feel that law enforcing agencies are capable of overcoming target killing. In response to that statement, 13.33% of the sample population strongly agreed that law enforcing agencies are capable of overcoming target killing and 26.67% just agreed to this. On the other hand 15% strongly disagreed and 31.67% disagreed that law enforcing agencies are not capable of overcoming target killing. While 13.33% responded by neither agreeing nor disagreeing .This means that majority of the participants believe that law enforcing agencies are not capable of overcoming target killing. 11. I feel that travelling around the city at late hours is not safe. In response to the statement, 31.67% of the sample population strongly agreed that travelling around the city at late hours is not safe and 45% just agreed to this .On the other hand 3.33% strongly disagreed and 13.33% disagreed that travelling around the city at late hours is safe .While 6.67% responded by neither agreeing nor disagreeing. This means that majority of the participants dont feel safe travelling around the city at late hours. 12. I think that there is involvement of neighboring countries in target killing. In response to the statement, 25% of the sample population strongly agreed that there is involvement of neighboring countries in target killing and 28.33% just agreed to this. On the other hand 0% strongly disagreed and 20% disagreed that there is no involvement of neighboring countries in target killing .While 26.67% responded by neither agreeing nor disagreeing. This means that majority of participants believe that there is involvement of neighboring countries in target killing.

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13. I feel that my country has become isolated from the world because of US dominance. In response to the statement, 16.67% strongly agreed that their country has become isolated from the world because of US dominance and 48.33% just agreed to this. On the other hand 1.67% strongly disagreed and 15% disagreed that their country has not become isolated from the world because of US dominance. While 18.33% responded by neither agreeing nor disagreeing .This means that majority of participants believe that their country has become isolated from the world because of US dominance.

CONCLUSION
As depicted by the illustrations, we assert that the current political situation of Pakistan has an undesirable effect over our youth. Our youth considers Pakistan an extremely unsafe place to live and this factor combined with Corruption, Inflation, Unemployment and Undue Political influences makes our youth of the opinion that they are now fed up of the political system and would evade Pakistan on the earliest opportunity they get. This shows that there is a positive relation between the variables of our hypothesis. Which means that the current law & order situation in the country, political instability and US dominance are the factors that contribute to many tribulations which are being faced by our youth. Issues like frustration, insecurity and stress among the youth are an outcome of the current political scenario in our country. If these issues are not resolved in proper manner within due time the results would be even more devastating. The frustration and stress among the youth may develop into severe forms of mental illness, especially substance abuse disorders, schizophrenia, and mood disorders such as depression. And in extreme cases it may also lead to suicidal acts.

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REFERENCES
http://www.google.com http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Pakistan http://worldnews.about.com/od/pakistan/a/pakistan0308.htm http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/18040/pakistan_political_stability.html http://www.pakistantime.net/2011/03/islamabad-tonight-%E2%80%93-8-march-2011/

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APPENDIX

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APPENDIX A (Graphs)

1. I think that Pakistan is a safe place to live.

Strongly Agree, 6.67% Strongly Disagree, 13.33% Strongly Disagree Agree, 28.33% Disagree, 30% Disagree Neighter Agree nor disagree Agree Strongly Agree Neighter Agree nor disagree, 21.67%

Strongly Agree, 8.33%

2. I would move to some other country as soon as I get an opportunity.

Strongly Disagree, 5% Disagree, 23.33% Agree, 36.67% Strongly Disagree Disagree Neighter Agree nor disagree Agree Strongly Agree Neighter Agree nor disagree, 26.67%

3. I feel frustrated because of our current leadership and system.

Disagree, 3.33% Strongly Disagree, 1.67% Neighter Agree nor disagree, 1.67% Strongly Disagree Disagree Strongly Agree, 56.67% Agree, 36.67% Neighter Agree nor disagree Agree Strongly Agree

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4. I feel that people not on merit basis are given priority over merit.
Strongly Agree, 20% Neighter Agree nor disagree, 6.67% Strongly Disagree Disagree Neighter Agree nor disagree Agree, 73.33% Agree Strongly Agree

5. I think inflation is one of the factors of increasing corruption.

Strongly Agree, 21.67% Disagree, 10% Neighter Agree nor disagree, 10% Strongly Disagree Disagree Neighter Agree nor disagree Agree Agree, 58.33% Strongly Agree

6. I think increasing unemployment rate is a factor of frustration in our youth.

45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 41.67% 36.67%

15% 6.67% 0% Strongly Disagree Disagree Neighter Agree nor disagree Agree Strongly Agree

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7. I think increasing unemployment rate is a factor of frustration in our youth.

70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 60%

26.67% 13.33% 0% Strongly Disagree 0% Disagree Neighter Agree nor disagree Agree Strongly Agree

8. I feel that my life has become isolated because of the current political and law & order situation.
40.00% 35.00% 30.00% 25.00% 20.00% 15.00% 10.00% 5.00% 0.00% 36.67% 23.33% 35%

1.67% Strongly Disagree Disagree Neighter Agree nor disagree Agree

3.33% Strongly Agree

9. I feel physically safe in my city.

50.00% 40.00% 30.00% 20.00% 10.00% 0.00% Strongly Disagree Disagree Neighter Agree nor disagree Agree Strongly Agree 18.33% 10% 3.33% 25% 43.33%

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10. I feel that law enforcing agencies are capable of overcoming target killing
0.35 0.3 0.25 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.05 0 31.67% 26.67% 15% 13.33% 13.33%

Strongly Disagree

Disagree

Neighter Agree nor disagree

Agree

Strongly Agree

11. I feel that travelling around the city at late hours is not safe.
Strongly Agree, 31.67% Strongly Disagree, 3.33% Disagree, 13.33% Neighter Agree nor disagree, 6.67% Agree, 45%

12. I think that there is involvement of neighboring countries in target killing.

30% 20% 10% 0% Strongly Disagree Disagree 0% 20% 26.67% 28.33% 25%

Neighter Agree nor disagree

Agree Strongly Agree

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13. I feel that my country has become isolated from the world because of US dominance.
50.00% 40.00% 30.00% 20.00% 10.00% 0.00% 48.33%

15% 1.67% Strongly Disagree

18.33% 16.67%

Disagree

Neighter Agree nor disagree

Agree Strongly Agree

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APPENDIX B (Questionnaire)

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