Gabriel M.

Antonio
1. Realism

BSTM 2A

Humanities 1

Realism in the visual arts and literature refers to the general attempt to depict subjects "in accordance with secular, empirical rules", as they are considered to exist in third person objective reality, without embellishment or interpretation. 2. Abstraction Abstraction is a used when the artist becomes so interested in one phase of a scene or a situation that he does not show the subject at all as an objective reality, but only his idea, or his feelings about it. 2.1. Abstract Expressionism is a style of abstract painting that originated in New York City after World War II and gained an international vogue. Although it has close antecedents in European Art, the term was first applied to the New York School, whose work is characterized by great verve, the use of large canvases, and a deliberate lack of refinement in the application Elongation refers to that which is being lengthened, protraction, or an extension. Distortion is the alteration of the original shape (or other characteristic) of an object, image, sound, waveform or other form of information or representation. Distortion is usually unwanted, and often many methods are employed to minimize it in practice. Mangling is a way where artists show subjects or objects which are cut, lacerated, mutilated, or hacked with repeated blows. Cubism stresses abstract form through the use of a cone, cylinder, or sphere at the expense of other pictorial elements.

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3. Symbolism Symbolism is a symbol in general; is a visible sign of something invisible such as an idea or a quality. These well-known symbols arise from conventional usage, association, and general relationship. 4. Fauvism Fauvism was the first important art movement of the 1900's. The fauves flourished as a group only from about 1903 to 1907 but their style greatly influenced many later artists. In Fauvism, it does not express ethical, philosophical, or psychological themes. It is mainly painting of comfort, joy, and pleasure with the use of extremely bright colors. 5. Dadaism Dadaism is a protest movement in the arts that was formed in 1916 by a group of artists and poets in Zurich, Switzerland. The dadaists reacted to what they believed were outworn traditions in art, and the evils they saw in society. They tried to shock and provoke the public with outrageous pieces of writing, poetry recitals, and art exhibitions. Much dadaic art was

playful and highly experimental. 6. Surrealism Surrealism is the movement in art in literature that was found in Paris in 1924 by the French poet Andre Breton. Surrealism uses art as weapon against the evil and restrictions that surrealists see in the society. Surrealism tries to reveal a new and higher reality than that of daily life. 7. Futurism Futurism is developed in Italy about the same time Cubism appeared in France. Futurist paintings glorified the mechanical energy of modern life. Subjects included automobiles, motorcycles, and railroad trains. 8. Expressionism Expressionism was the method that was introduced in Germany during the first decade of the 20th century. The exponents of expressionism believed in the necessity of a spiritual rebirth for man in an age that was becoming influenced by materialism. The emotional expressions in expressionistic paintings could be described as involving pathos, morbidity, violence or chaos, and tragedy or defeat. 9. Impressionism Impressionism was a 19th-century art movement that originated with a group of Paris-based artists whose independent exhibitions brought them to prominence during the 1870s and 1880s. Characteristics of Impressionist paintings include relatively small, thin, yet visible brush strokes; open composition; emphasis on accurate depiction of light in its changing qualities (often accentuating the effects of the passage of time); common, ordinary subject matter; the inclusion of movement as a crucial element of human perception and experience; and unusual visual angles. Principles of Art: 1. Harmony is the quality which produces an impression of unity through the solution and arrangement of consistent objects and ideas. 2. Rhythm is the regular, uniform or related movement made through the repetition of a unit or motif. 3. Balance is a quality of an art which gives a feeling of rest, repose, equilibrium or stability of an art. 4. Proportion is a quality of an art which shows pleasing relationship between themselves and its parts and between the parts and themselves.

5. Emphasis is a quality of an art which tends to carry the eyes from the center of interest or dominant part of any composition to the less important of subordinate parts. Methods of Emphasizing Subjects

1. By arrangement or grouping of subjects If subjects are grouped together, the one to be emphasized should be located at the center and should be the biggest and brightest in color. 2. By decoration Objects which have decorations are better or more emphasized than those without them. 3. By color contrast Contrasting colors such as the complementary combinations and the triads are more emphatic than analogous or any other related harmonies. Hues of great intensities are more conspicuous than those having lower intensities. The use of contrasting values makes one value more dominant than the other.

4. By the use of plain background space -Simple decorations which are placed against sufficient plain background will be more emphatic than when the background space is small. 5. By the use of unusual lines, shapes, sizes of color Novelty or newness, a minor art principle, applies to this method. Very extraordinary figures or subjects tend to carry the eyes first to them. A man having unusual height will attract more attention than any individual in a crowd. 6. By action or movement Dynamic illustrations usually attract more attention than passive ones.