Heritage and Agglomeration: The Akron Tyre Cluster Revisited

Guido Buenstorf

Max Planck Institute of Economics

Steven Klepper

Carnegie Mellon University - David A. Tepper School of Business

The Economic Journal, Vol. 119, Issue 537, pp. 705-733, April 2009 Abstract: We use new data on the location and background of entrants into the US tyre industry to analyse why the industry became so regionally concentrated around Akron, Ohio, a small city with no compelling advantages for tyre production. We analyse where the Ohio entrants originated and conduct various analyses of how proximity to other tyrefirms affected the longevity of tyre producers. We also examine how the heritage of the Ohio entrants influenced their origin and longevity. Our findings suggest that the Akron tyre cluster grew primarily through a process of organisational reproduction and heredity rather than through agglomeration economies. Number of Pages in PDF File: 29 Accepted Paper Series

R&D Activities in the Indian Tyre Industry: Socio-Economic Determinants

Parvathi Krishnaswamy Iyer

Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar

Vrajaindra Upadhyay

IIT, Delhi November 24, 2008 Abstract: Technology generation in the Indian tyre industry has witnessed a fair amount of expertise and versatility to absorb, adapt and modify international technology to suit Indian conditions. This is reflected in the swift technology progression from cotton (reinforcement) carcass to high-performance radial tyres in a span of four decades. R&D in the Indian tyre industry, is basically geared towards applied research, involving the development of new designs in different segments, the changing of tread design,

reinforcement material, compound development, cost optimization for quality improvements and orientation towards changing customer requirements. This paper attempts to map the broad contours of technology generation and absorption in the Indian tyre industry, through an emphasis on the socioeconomic determinants driving the nature of R&D, thrust areas and the collaborative activities of firms, the nature and extent of automation and its impact on the organization of the production process, the increased quality onsciousness and its repercussions on in-house R&D and the impact of Liberalization and its nfluence on broad strategic options for the future. Keywords: Tyre industry in India, Research & Development Working Paper Series

Financial Management Approach to Development of Quality Excellence Model for the Information Technology Industry

Shankar K. Rao

Oracle Corporation - Oracle Financial Services Limited

Journal of Financial Management and Analysis, Vol. 20, No. 2, July-December 2007 Abstract: From the time of the 'first' industrial revolution when mass production became the order of the day, leading to self-sufficiency and increase in employment and international trade, the industrial growth has become the barometer of economic progress. Several industrial units have sprung up in all spheres of activity buoyed by profitable returns, in turn giving rise to competition. Quality has emerged as the most important factor, that distinguishes a product from its mere utility value to a brand that gives competitive edge over rival products. However, from the past two decades, mankind has witnessed a 'second' industrial revolution - Information Technology (IT) revolution. The direct impact of this revolution is our overdependence on IT in our daily activities. This impact has triggered the need to redefine quality from mere standpoint of customer satisfaction, competition and profitability, to an absolute necessity to satisfy the basic functionality of the product or service, since IT controls the entire gamut of operations. The fundamental idea here is to understand the value of quality in any product/service the IT industry provides. Researching on this, the author has extended the 'Value-Based Quality Budgeting Model' that was earlier developed by him to formulate the Quality Excellence Model, and analysed it using the Punctured Investment Cycle Tyrefrom financial management perspective. Keywords: Information technology, Value-based Quality Budgeting Model, Quality Excellence Model, Punctured Investment Cycle Tyre JEL Classifications: L15, L63, O22, O32 Accepted Paper Series

Date posted: March 12, 2008

In-press mould cleaning in the tyre industry

Document Information: Title: Author(s): Citation: In-press mould cleaning in the tyre industry Anna Kochan, (Anna Kochan is European Associate Editor for this journal) Anna Kochan, (2001) "In-press mould cleaning in the tyre industry", Industrial Robot: An International Journal, Vol. 28 Iss: 2, pp.112 - 114 Automotive industry, Cleaning, Laser

Keywords:

Article type: Technical paper DOI: Publisher: Abstract: 10.1108/01439910110382666 (Permanent URL) MCB UP Ltd Reports on new automation technology for the tyre industry. Describes a laser process for the in-press cleaning of tyre moulds. Outlines the potential for massive savings compared to conventional systems.

Tyre pressure measurement using smart low power microsystems DOI (Permanent URL): 10.1108/02602289710170294
Article citation: J. Siddons, A. Derbyshire, (1997) "Tyre pressure measurement using smart low power microsystems", Sensor Review, Vol. 17 Iss: 2, pp.126 - 130

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The Authors J. Siddons, Otter Controls Ltd, Hardwick Square South, Buxton, UK A. Derbyshire, Otter Controls Ltd, Hardwick Square South, Buxton, UK Acknowledgements We acknowledge the support of the European Union for ESPRIT grant 9011 for the project SLOPSYS: (Smart Low Power Microsystems). We also acknowledge the help of our European partners in the project: ERA Technology (Pressure sensor design and fabrication); University of Delft (Temperature sensor design); CSEM (ASIC design); MIETEC (ASIC fabrication) and SUPELEC (Digital signal modelling). Abstract Describes the progress made to date in testing and developing a system to monitor the environment within a commercial vehicles tyre - its temperature and pressure - by means of a radio link to a single central receiver inside the vehicle. Discusses the economic and safety implications of maintaining the correct pressure in vehicle tyres and reports that reactions from commercial vehicle suppliers have been positive. Article Type:

Technical paper Keyword(s):

Microelectronics industry; R&D; Safety; Sensors; Transport; Tyre manufacturers. Journal:

Sensor Review Volume:

17 Number:

2 Year:

1997

pp:

126-130 Copyright

MCB UP Ltd ISSN:

0260-2288 Introduction Microelectronics have been making an impact in the automotive world for many years. In particular we have seen the widespread use of microprocessor based systems for anti-lock brakes, traction control and engine management. Now, because of recent developments in ultra low power microsystems and sensors, certain applications are within the realms of possibility. Applications that demanded the power and flexibility of a microprocessor together with the low power technology seen in the watch industry are now possible using the latest high integration, micro-power CMOS technologies. Smart low power microsystems lend themselves to many automotive applications. One particular system that has proved difficult to achieve in the past has been the monitoring and instrumentation of tyre temperature and pressure. Why is a tyre monitoring system required? We all see the tyre debris at the side of our highways each day. The major contributor to this problem is the commercial truck. The main causes of catastrophic tyre failure in commercial trucks are:

Incorrect tyre pressures. Overloading. Binding brakes. Excessive speed.

Excessive speed will eventually be curbed by legislation making the installation of speed limiters on trucks mandatory. However, this still leaves three other contributors. The benefits of a system that can accurately inform the driver of tyre pressure and temperature immediately become obvious. Clearly the driver would welcome knowledge of a potential problem before irreversible damage occurred. In the domestic car the major problems are due to poor tyre maintenance. Naturally we cannot improve maintenance procedures, but we can at least provide the driver with the current tyre pressure and temperature. Under-inflation leads to heat generation, which contributes significantly to premature tyre failure, particularly at high speed when safety is paramount. Furthermore, the latest generation of run flat tyres offers a limited ability for continued operation even at low pressures. For those situations, the driver may not be aware of any problem with the tyre and continue to drive normally despite the very limited life in that situation. A tyre monitoring system would provide the driver with a warning that the tyre was running flat and should reduce speed appropriately. It is not just a matter of the safety implications. The economic advantages of maintaining the correct pressure in vehicle tyres are large. Under-inflation increases the rolling resistance of the tyre and therefore increases fuel

consumption. Additionally running at the correct pressure will prolong the life of the tyre and therefore save the driver or fleet manager unnecessary expenditure. Tyre monitoring system implementation The idea of monitoring the environment inside a vehicles tyre is not a new one. There have been many attempts in the past to monitor the pressure of tyres remotely while the vehicle is in use, but most have had problems with complicated installation and poor measurement resolution. Some systems have utilized closely coupled coils or slip rings between an electronic sensor circuit in the wheel and a vehicle mounted unit. Other systems made use of purely mechanical sensors in the wheel that conveyed a pressure threshold by means of a permanent magnet and a closely coupled coil. Automotive requirements The automotive OEM has wanted a tyre monitoring system for many years: however, very few systems have been successfully developed and introduced into a production vehicle. The main requirement for such a system are:

low cost; reliability; long system life, comparable with that of a car; low power - due to battery life constraints; capability of operating in the range of -40C to + 130C; low mass; and simple installation.

It was our intention to develop a system that provided an accurate measure of both temperature and pressure inside the vehicles wheels by means of a radio link to a single central receiver inside the vehicle. The major design efforts have been concentrated on the sensor module; this is the device that is situated inside the wheel. The module would take measurements, compute and then transmit the data by radio. This required the utilization of a battery as the power source for the sensors, signal processing and RF circuits. Three main problems were immediately apparent by taking this approach:

Traditional Lithium coin cells had insufficient capacity to meet the requirements stated previously. Operating temperature range required by vehicle OEMs exceeded that possible with conventional electronics. Commercially available miniature pressure sensors such as piezoresistive devices consume too much current to achieve the required system life.

Overall system architecture Figure 1 shows the main components for the tyre monitoring system. The sensor module (Figure 2) is the part that is situated inside the vehicles wheels and is therefore a totally self-contained unit with no physical connections to any other part of the system. The main parameters that the sensor module measures are pressure and temperature. These are acquired by means of the signal processing block that contains A/D converters and digital filtering. The microprocessor also inspects the status of the mechanical motion sensor to determine if the vehicle is in use, thus enabling the reduction of power consumption when the vehicle is not active. Although not shown, the signal processing block is also responsible for checking the modules battery voltage to provide an early warning of failure.

The receiver system is essentially simpler than the sensor module. The actual implementation of the receiver system is very much customer dependent and, as will be seen later, there are many options available for the display of the tyre information. The capacitive pressure sensor Traditional piezoresistive pressure sensors consume too much current for this type of application because a significant current must pass through the resistive elements so that a pressure dependent voltage can be measured. Another disadvantage of piezoresistive sensors is the large temperature coefficient. This results from mechanical strain caused by the difference in expansion coefficients of the silicon membrane and the supporting substrate. The problems are largely eliminated by moving to a different technique altogether; the Silicon-Silicon bonded sensor. Figure 3 illustrates the basic form of the pressure sensor. The cross-sectional view shows the internal partial vacuum cavity that is completely sealed by means of the silicon dioxide bond between the two silicon wafers. Because the silicon dioxide is an excellent insulator, the silicon layers form a capacitator. The upper silicon membrane thickness is chosen to exhibit a suitably large deflection on the application of external pressure. However, the deflection must not be so large as to cause fracture or physical contact between the two silicon wafers. Pressure sensor characteristics As the silicon membrane is deflected closer to the silicon base, the capacitance between the two wafers increases. The resulting device exhibits a nearly linear capacitance change with applied pressure with a very low intrinsic temperature coefficient. If the response of the device is plotted, it can be seen that the capacitance change is superimposed on a base capacitance of around 70 pF. The capacitance increases by about 20 pF with an applied pressure of 10 Bar. The physical dimensions of the sensor make it particularly suitable for our application. The device is smaller than 6.25 2 mm before packaging. The ASIC To provide further gains in battery life we have embarked on the design of a low power ASIC. The ASIC incorporates the temperature sensor, signal processing and microprocessor on a single die. This is essential if we are to attain a battery life approaching that of a car. Our aim is to have an ASIC which brings the total current of the sensor module down to less than 20 mA, operate from a single lithium cell down to 2.4 V, and provide functionality over the range of -40C to 130C. Sensor module operation The flow chart (Figure 4) illustrates the basic operation of the sensor module. Because of the inherent flexibility of the microprocessor in the sensor module, it is possible to incorporate the intelligence required to provide a rapid system response combined with efficient power management. The microprocessor is triggered into operation by an interrupt signal every two seconds that effectively wakes up the microprocessor from its standby state (SLEEP MODE). Once the microprocessor has been woken, it requests measurements from the sensors, battery and motion sensor. The most important function of the software is to check if the pressure or temperature measurements have changed significantly since the last transmission of data. If either the pressure or temperature has changed significantly (70 mbar, 1C), the new values are transmitted immediately to update the receiver system. The microprocessor is then put back in to SLEEP MODE following the transmission of data. If there has been no significant change in pressure or temperature, the software determines if the vehicle is in use by means of the mechanical motion sensor. If the vehicle is in use, the microprocessor ensures that a transmission is made at least every ten minutes. This ensures that the receiver system is kept informed of slow pressure and temperature change

Tyre pressure measurement using smart low power microsystems

DOI (Permanent URL): 10.1108/02602289710170294 Article citation: J. Siddons, A. Derbyshire, (1997) "Tyre pressure measurement using smart low power microsystems", Sensor Review, Vol. 17 Iss: 2, pp.126 - 130

Options Abstract View PDF (77kb) Print View Marked list Add

The Authors
J. Siddons, Otter Controls Ltd, Hardwick Square South, Buxton, UK A. Derbyshire, Otter Controls Ltd, Hardwick Square South, Buxton, UK

Acknowledgements
We acknowledge the support of the European Union for ESPRIT grant 9011 for the project SLOPSYS: (Smart Low Power Microsystems). We also acknowledge the help of our European partners in the project: ERA Technology (Pressure sensor design and fabrication); University of Delft (Temperature sensor design); CSEM (ASIC design); MIETEC (ASIC fabrication) and SUPELEC (Digital signal modelling).

Abstract
Describes the progress made to date in testing and developing a system to monitor the environment within a commercial vehicles tyre - its temperature and pressure - by means of a radio link to a single central receiver inside the vehicle. Discusses the economic and safety implications of maintaining the correct pressure in vehicle tyres and reports that reactions from commercial vehicle suppliers have been positive.

Article Type:
Technical paper

Keyword(s):
Microelectronics industry; R&D; Safety; Sensors; Transport; Tyre manufacturers.

Journal:

Sensor Review

Volume:

17

Number:

Year:

1997

pp:

126-130

Copyright

MCB UP Ltd

ISSN:

0260-2288 Introduction Microelectronics have been making an impact in the automotive world for many years. In particular we have seen the widespread use of microprocessor based systems for anti-lock brakes, traction control and engine management. Now, because of recent developments in ultra low power microsystems and sensors, certain applications are within the realms of possibility. Applications that demanded the power and flexibility of a microprocessor together with the low power technology seen in the watch industry are now possible using the latest high integration, micro-power CMOS technologies. Smart low power microsystems lend themselves to many automotive applications. One particular system that has proved difficult to achieve in the past has been the monitoring and instrumentation of tyre temperature and pressure. Why is a tyre monitoring system required? We all see the tyre debris at the side of our highways each day. The major contributor to this problem is the commercial truck. The main causes of catastrophic tyre failure in commercial trucks are:

Incorrect tyre pressures.

Overloading. Binding brakes. Excessive speed.

Excessive speed will eventually be curbed by legislation making the installation of speed limiters on trucks mandatory. However, this still leaves three other contributors. The benefits of a system that can accurately inform the driver of tyre pressure and temperature immediately become obvious. Clearly the driver would welcome knowledge of a potential problem before irreversible damage occurred. In the domestic car the major problems are due to poor tyre maintenance. Naturally we cannot improve maintenance procedures, but we can at least provide the driver with the current tyre pressure and temperature. Under-inflation leads to heat generation, which contributes significantly to premature tyre failure, particularly at high speed when safety is paramount. Furthermore, the latest generation of run flat tyres offers a limited ability for continued operation even at low pressures. For those situations, the driver may not be aware of any problem with the tyre and continue to drive normally despite the very limited life in that situation. A tyre monitoring system would provide the driver with a warning that the tyre was running flat and should reduce speed appropriately. It is not just a matter of the safety implications. The economic advantages of maintaining the correct pressure in vehicle tyres are large. Under-inflation increases the rolling resistance of the tyre and therefore increases fuel consumption. Additionally running at the correct pressure will prolong the life of the tyre and therefore save the driver or fleet manager unnecessary expenditure. Tyre monitoring system implementation The idea of monitoring the environment inside a vehicles tyre is not a new one. There have been many attempts in the past to monitor the pressure of tyres remotely while the vehicle is in use, but most have had problems with complicated installation and poor measurement resolution. Some systems have utilized closely coupled coils or slip rings between an electronic sensor circuit in the wheel and a vehicle mounted unit. Other systems made use of purely mechanical sensors in the wheel that conveyed a pressure threshold by means of a permanent magnet and a closely coupled coil. Automotive requirements The automotive OEM has wanted a tyre monitoring system for many years: however, very few systems have been successfully developed and introduced into a production vehicle. The main requirement for such a system are:

low cost; reliability; long system life, comparable with that of a car; low power - due to battery life constraints; capability of operating in the range of -40C to + 130C; low mass; and simple installation.

It was our intention to develop a system that provided an accurate measure of both temperature and pressure inside the vehicles wheels by means of a radio link to a single central receiver inside the vehicle. The major design efforts have been concentrated on the sensor module; this is the device that is situated inside the wheel. The module would take measurements, compute and then transmit the data by radio.

This required the utilization of a battery as the power source for the sensors, signal processing and RF circuits. Three main problems were immediately apparent by taking this approach:

Traditional Lithium coin cells had insufficient capacity to meet the requirements stated previously. Operating temperature range required by vehicle OEMs exceeded that possible with conventional electronics. Commercially available miniature pressure sensors such as piezoresistive devices consume too much current to achieve the required system life.

Overall system architecture Figure 1 shows the main components for the tyre monitoring system. The sensor module (Figure 2) is the part that is situated inside the vehicles wheels and is therefore a totally self-contained unit with no physical connections to any other part of the system. The main parameters that the sensor module measures are pressure and temperature. These are acquired by means of the signal processing block that contains A/D converters and digital filtering. The microprocessor also inspects the status of the mechanical motion sensor to determine if the vehicle is in use, thus enabling the reduction of power consumption when the vehicle is not active. Although not shown, the signal processing block is also responsible for checking the modules battery voltage to provide an early warning of failure. The receiver system is essentially simpler than the sensor module. The actual implementation of the receiver system is very much customer dependent and, as will be seen later, there are many options available for the display of the tyre information. The capacitive pressure sensor Traditional piezoresistive pressure sensors consume too much current for this type of application because a significant current must pass through the resistive elements so that a pressure dependent voltage can be measured. Another disadvantage of piezoresistive sensors is the large temperature coefficient. This results from mechanical strain caused by the difference in expansion coefficients of the silicon membrane and the supporting substrate. The problems are largely eliminated by moving to a different technique altogether; the Silicon-Silicon bonded sensor. Figure 3 illustrates the basic form of the pressure sensor. The cross-sectional view shows the internal partial vacuum cavity that is completely sealed by means of the silicon dioxide bond between the two silicon wafers. Because the silicon dioxide is an excellent insulator, the silicon layers form a capacitator. The upper silicon membrane thickness is chosen to exhibit a suitably large deflection on the application of external pressure. However, the deflection must not be so large as to cause fracture or physical contact between the two silicon wafers. Pressure sensor characteristics As the silicon membrane is deflected closer to the silicon base, the capacitance between the two wafers increases. The resulting device exhibits a nearly linear capacitance change with applied pressure with a very low intrinsic temperature coefficient. If the response of the device is plotted, it can be seen that the capacitance change is superimposed on a base capacitance of around 70 pF. The capacitance increases by about 20 pF with an applied pressure of 10 Bar. The physical dimensions of the sensor make it particularly suitable for our application. The device is smaller than 6.25 2 mm before packaging. The ASIC To provide further gains in battery life we have embarked on the design of a low power ASIC. The ASIC incorporates the temperature sensor, signal processing and microprocessor on a single die. This is essential if we are to attain a battery life approaching that of a car. Our aim is to have an ASIC which brings the total current of the sensor module down to less than 20 mA, operate from a single lithium cell down to 2.4 V, and provide functionality over the range of -40C to 130C.

Sensor module operation The flow chart (Figure 4) illustrates the basic operation of the sensor module. Because of the inherent flexibility of the microprocessor in the sensor module, it is possible to incorporate the intelligence required to provide a rapid system response combined with efficient power management. The microprocessor is triggered into operation by an interrupt signal every two seconds that effectively wakes up the microprocessor from its standby state (SLEEP MODE). Once the microprocessor has been woken, it requests measurements from the sensors, battery and motion sensor. The most important function of the software is to check if the pressure or temperature measurements have changed significantly since the last transmission of data. If either the pressure or temperature has changed significantly (70 mbar, 1C), the new values are transmitted immediately to update the receiver system. The microprocessor is then put back in to SLEEP MODE following the transmission of data. If there has been no significant change in pressure or temperature, the software determines if the vehicle is in use by bmeans of the mechanical motion sensor. If the vehicle is in use, the microprocessor ensures that a transmission is made at least every ten minutes. This ensures that the receiver system is kept informed of slow pressure and temperature changes

Tyre safety
Document Information: Title: Source: pp: Tyre safety Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, Vol. 51 Iss: 2 21 21

Article type: General review DOI: Publisher: Abstract: 10.1108/eb035513 (Permanent URL) MCB UP Ltd In a letter to the Federal Aviation Administration, the National Transportation Safety Board expressed its concern about multiple tyre failures in wide-bodied aircraft, such as that experienced by the Continental Air Lines DC-10 at Los Angeles International Airport on March 1st, 1978. Several actions the FAA had underway or was planning to initiate. The Safety Board acknowledges these actions as a step toward reducing the potential risk of tyre failures. However, the Safety Board's public hearing, which was convened on May 30th,

1978, as part of the investigation of the DC-10 accident, elicited much testimony regarding factors which can affect tyre safety and reliability; and as a result, we believe that additional regulatory or advisory actions are needed in the areas of design standards, qualification testing, quality control during manufacture, and operational limits. Our concerns apply to retreaded tyres as well as new tyres.

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Articles that form part of the Emerald Backfiles have been created through digital scanning. Whilst all efforts have been made to ensure accuracy, Emerald will not be held responsible for any inaccuracies. If you require further clarification please contact backfiles@emeraldinsight.com.

R&D Activities in the Indian Tyre Industry: Socio-Economic Determinants

Parvathi Krishnaswamy Iyer

Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar

Vrajaindra Upadhyay

IIT, Delhi November 24, 2008 Abstract: Technology generation in the Indian tyre industry has witnessed a fair amount of expertise and versatility to absorb, adapt and modify international technology to suit Indianconditions. This is reflected in the swift technology progression from cotton (reinforcement) carcass to high-performance radial tyres in a span of four decades. R&D in theIndian tyre industry, is basically geared towards applied research, involving the development of new designs in different segments, the changing of tread design, reinforcement material, compound development, cost optimization for quality improvements and orientation towards changing customer requirements. This paper attempts to map the broad contours of technology generation and absorption in the Indian tyre industry, through an emphasis on the socioeconomic determinants driving the nature of R&D, thrust areas and the collaborative activities of firms, the nature and extent of automation and its impact on the organization of the production process, the increased quality onsciousness and its repercussions on in-house R&D and the impact of Liberalization and its nfluence on broad strategic options for the future. Keywords: Tyre industry in India, Research & Development

Working Paper Series ing mechanical behaviour of rubber concrete using evolutionary polynomial regression
Type: Research paper Author(s): Alireza Ahangar-Asr, Asaad Faramarzi, Akbar A. Javadi, Orazio Giustolisi Source: Engineering Computations Volume: 28 Issue: 4 2011 Please login | | Abstract & purchase [ HTML & PDF (115kb) available ] | Related items | Reprints & permissions

Abstract Purpose Using discarded tyre rubber as concrete aggregate is an effective solution to the environmental problems associated with disposal of this waste material. However, adding rubber as aggregate in concrete mixture changes, the mechanical properties of concrete, depending mainly on the type and amount of rubber used. An appropriate model is required to describe the behaviour of rubber concrete in engineering applications. The purpose of this paper is to show how a new evolutionary data mining technique, evolutionary polynomial regression (EPR), is used to predict the mechanical properties of rubber concrete. Design/methodology/approach EPR is a data-driven method based on evolutionary computing, aimed to search for polynomial structures representing a system. In this technique, a combination of the genetic algorithm and the least square method is used to find feasible structures and the appropriate constants for those structures. Findings Data from 70 cases of experiments on rubber concrete are used for development and validation of the EPR models. Three models are developed relating compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and elastic modulus to a number of physical parameters that are known to contribute to the mechanical behaviour of rubber concrete. The most outstanding characteristic of the proposed technique is that it provides a transparent, structured, and accurate representation of the behaviour of the material in the form of a polynomial function, giving insight to the user about the contributions of different parameters involved. The proposed model shows excellent agreement with experimental results, and provides an efficient method for estimation of mechanical properties of rubber concrete. Originality/value In this paper, a new evolutionary data mining approach is presented for the analysis of mechanical behaviour of rubber concrete. The new approach overcomes the shortcomings of the traditional and artificial neural network-based methods presented in the literature for the analysis of slopes. EPR provides a viable tool to find a structured representation of the system, which allows the user to gain additional information on how the system performs.

Trade fairs as communication: a new model

Document Information: Title: Author(s): Citation: Trade fairs as communication: a new model Jim Blythe, (Plymouth Business School, Plymouth, UK) Jim Blythe, (2009) "Trade fairs as communication: a new model", Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, Vol. 25 Iss: 1, pp.57 62

Keywords: Article type: DOI: Publisher:

Communication, Marketing environment, Strategic objectives, Trade fairs Conceptual paper 10.1108/08858621011009155 (Permanent URL) Emerald Group Publishing Limited

Acknowledgements: Accepted: January 2009 Abstract: Purpose The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that exhibitors, by relying on the now-outdated Schramm model of communication, are wasting effort and at the same time generating worse results from their exhibition activities than might otherwise be the case. Design/methodology/approach As a conceptual paper, this paper draws on existing literature. Findings A new model of communication is described and trade fair activities of both visitors and exhibitors is mapped against it. The new model includes the concept that communication is a co-creation of meaning rather than a magic bullet and therefore current sales-led approaches to exhibiting are wasteful, since they do not take account of the needs of the majority of visitors. Practical implications In practice, exhibitors need to re-think their strategic approach to managing their trade fair activities, specifically in terms of approaches to visitors and manning of stands. Originality/value The paper offers insights into trade fairs as communication, advocating that firms need to focus on establishing dialogue rather than simply aiming for one-way communication

Tyre pressure measurement using smart low power microsystems

Document Information: Title: Author(s): Tyre pressure measurement using smart low power microsystems J. Siddons, (Otter Controls Ltd, Hardwick Square South, Buxton, UK), A. Derbyshire, (Otter Controls Ltd, Hardwick Square South, Buxton, UK)

Citation:

J. Siddons, A. Derbyshire, (1997) "Tyre pressure measurement using

smart low power microsystems", Sensor Review, Vol. 17 Iss: 2, pp.126 - 130 Keywords: Microelectronics industry, R&D, Safety, Sensors, Transport, Tyre manufacturers

Article type: Technical paper DOI: Publisher: Abstract: 10.1108/02602289710170294 (Permanent URL) MCB UP Ltd Describes the progress made to date in testing and developing a system to monitor the environment within a commercial vehicles tyre - its temperature and pressure - by means of a radio link to a single central receiver inside the vehicle. Discusses the economic and safety implications of maintaining the correct pressure in vehicle tyres and reports that reactions from commercial vehicle suppliers have been positive.

Monitoring quality goals through lean six-sigma insures Competitiveness

Document Information: Title: Monitoring quality goals through lean six-sigma insures Competitiveness VIPUL GUPTA, (ABV-INDIAN INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT), Padmanav Acharya, (ABV-Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management,Gwalior), Manoj Patwardhan, (ABV-Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management,Gwalior) VIPUL GUPTA, Padmanav Acharya, Manoj Patwardhan, (2011) "Monitoring quality goals through lean six-sigma insures

Author(s):

Citation:

Competitiveness", International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, Vol. 61 Iss: 2 Article type: Case study Publisher: Abstract: Emerald Group Publishing Limited

Purpose - This case illustrates the specific problem of excessive defects in radial tyres produced in a renowned tyre manufacturing company in India. This paper presents that how lean six-sigma methodology can be used to tackle the specific issues like defects reduction. Design/methodology/approach - The management took this problem on top priority as it is eroding their brand value and financial performance. A Mumbai based lean six sigma consulting group was approached to tackle the issue. Author, who is pursuing research on determinants of successful lean manufacturing implementation in Indian industries, joined this project as a part of his field study and he spent considerable time in discussing and observing the issue with people of different hierarchical levels of the company. Authors incorporated lean six Sigma methodologies and evaluated the problem with root-cause analysis. Findings - On the basis root-cause analysis of the radial tyre manufacturing process, it was found that presence of foreign particles in the manufacturing environment, under-ageing and over-ageing of tyre components, and inefficient bead winding process, to be the main culprits of defects. It was confirmed that lean six-sigma methodology can serve as a major tool to reduce defects in the tyre manufacturing process in India. Originality/value - This paper provides some key insights to the successful adoption of lean six-sigma tools in Indian industrial environment, where lean practices are still in the very nascent stage and very little literature is available in this context.

n-press mould cleaning in the tyre industry

Document Information:

Title: Author(s): Citation:

In-press mould cleaning in the tyre industry Anna Kochan, (Anna Kochan is European Associate Editor for this journal) Anna Kochan, (2001) "In-press mould cleaning in the tyre industry", Industrial Robot: An International Journal, Vol. 28 Iss: 2, pp.112 - 114 Automotive industry, Cleaning, Laser

Keywords:

Article type: Technical paper DOI: Publisher: Abstract: 10.1108/01439910110382666 (Permanent URL) MCB UP Ltd Reports on new automation technology for the tyre industry. Describes a laser process for the in-press cleaning of tyre moulds. Outlines the potential for massive savings compared to conventional systems.

Tyre pressure measurement using smart low power microsystems

Document Information: Title: Author(s): Tyre pressure measurement using smart low power microsystems J. Siddons, (Otter Controls Ltd, Hardwick Square South, Buxton, UK), A. Derbyshire, (Otter Controls Ltd, Hardwick Square South, Buxton, UK) J. Siddons, A. Derbyshire, (1997) "Tyre pressure measurement using smart low power microsystems", Sensor Review, Vol. 17 Iss: 2, pp.126 - 130 Microelectronics industry, R&D, Safety, Sensors, Transport, Tyre manufacturers

Citation:

Keywords:

Article type: Technical paper DOI: Publisher: Abstract: 10.1108/02602289710170294 (Permanent URL) MCB UP Ltd Describes the progress made to date in testing and developing a system to monitor the environment within a commercial vehicles tyre - its temperature and pressure - by means of a radio link to a single central receiver inside the vehicle. Discusses the economic and safety implications of maintaining the correct pressure in vehicle tyres and reports that reactions from commercial vehicle suppliers have been positive.

&D Activities in the Indian Tyre Industry: Socio-Economic Determinants

Parvathi Krishnaswamy Iyer

Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar

Vrajaindra Upadhyay

IIT, Delhi November 24, 2008

Abstract: Technology generation in the Indian tyre industry has witnessed a fair amount of expertise and versatility to absorb, adapt and modify international technology to suit Indian conditions. This is reflected in the swift technology progression from cotton (reinforcement) carcass to high-performance radial tyres in a span of four decades. R&D in the Indian tyre industry, is basically geared towards applied research, involving the development of new designs in different segments, the changing of tread design, reinforcement material, compound development, cost optimization for quality improvements and

orientation towards changing customer requirements. This paper attempts to map the broad contours of technology generation and absorption in the Indian tyre industry, through an emphasis on the socioeconomic determinants driving the nature of R&D, thrust areas and the collaborative activities of firms, the nature and extent of automation and its impact on the organization of the production process, the increased quality onsciousness and its repercussions on in-house R&D and the impact of Liberalization and its nfluence on broad strategic options for the future. Keywords: Tyre industry in India, Research & Development Working Paper Series
Date posted: November 24, 2008 Suggested Citation
Iyer, Parvathi Krishnaswamy and Upadhyay, Vrajaindra, R&D Activities in the Indian Tyre Industry: Socio-Economic Determinants (November 24, 2008). Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1306234

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Parvathi Krishnaswamy Iyer (Contact Author) Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar ( email ) Gandhi Nagar, Gujarat India

Vrajaindra Upadhyay IIT, Delhi ( email ) Hauz Khas New Delhi 110016 India