Name: ___________________________________________ Form: ____________________

LOWER SIX FORM (TINGKATAN ENAM RENDAH) END OF THE YEAR EXAM (PEPERIKSAAN AKHIR TAHUN) Instructions to candidates: DO NOT OPEN THIS QUESTION PAPER UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO. Answer all questions in Section A. Write your answer in the space provided. Answer any four questions in Section B. Write your answers on the answer sheets provided. Begin each answer on a fresh sheet of paper and arrange your answers in numerical order. Tie your answer sheets to this question paper. Answers should be illustrated by large and clearly labeled diagrams wherever suitable. Answers may be written in either English or Bahasa Malaysia. Arahan kepada calon: JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA ANDA DIBENARKAN BERBUAT DEMIKIAN. Jawab semua soalan dalam Bahagian A. Tulis jawapan anda dalam ruang yang disediakan. Jawab mana-mana empat soalan dalam Bahagian B. Tulis jawapan anda pada helaian jawapan yang dibekalkan. Mulakan setiap jawapan anda pada helaian kertas yang baharu dan susun jawapan anda mengikut terbit berangka. Ikat helaian jawapan anda bersama dengan kertas soalan ini. Jawapan hendaklah disertai gambar rajah yang besar dan mempunyai label yang jelas di mana-mana yang sesuai. Jawapan boleh ditulis dalam Bahasa Inggeris atau Bahasa Melayu.

Section A [40 marks] Answer all questions in this section. 1. The diagram below shows a prokaryotic cell.

(a) Generally, how is prokaryotic cell differs from eukaryotic cell?

[2 marks]

(b) Name P, Q and R. [3 marks] P : ______________________________________________________________ Q : ______________________________________________________________ R : ______________________________________________________________ (c) Differentiate structure R in prokaryotic cell and in eukaryotic cell. [1 mark]

(d) Differentiate structure R and structure Q.

[2 marks]

(e) Explain the function for structure P towards prokaryotic cell.

[2 marks]

2. Vitamins are essential organic molecules required in trace amounts. They are crucial for many physiological functions of the body. The table below shows some vitamins with their functions. (a) Complete the table below. [4 marks] Vitamin Function Retinol Ascorbic acid Precursor to form coenzyme A which is used for the formation of acetyl coA. Calciferol Pylloquinone Used to make retinal and required for formation of the eye pigments

(b) Lacking of the vitamin, retinol will lead to xeropthalmia in human. i. Define xeropthalmia.

[2 marks]

ii.

What source should be taken in order to prevent xeropthalmia? [1 mark]

(c) Anemia is a disease that the number of erythrocytes is less than normal in blood. i. Define pernicious anemia. [2 marks]

ii.

Which bacteria aids in the absorption for the vitamin required that the patient who suffered from pernicious anemia lacks of. [1 mark]

3. The diagram below shows the classification of the kingdom for plant.
Kingdom Plantae

Vascular Plant

Non-Vascular Plant

Seedless

Seed

Gymnosperm

Angiosperm

(a) What is X, Y and Z. [3 marks] X : ________________________________________________________ Y : ________________________________________________________ Z : ________________________________________________________ (b) State 3 characteristics for X. [3 marks]

(c) Define alteration of generation.

[1 mark]

(d) By using an example, explain the alteration of generation in Z.

[3 marks]

4. The diagram below shows the structure for the tapeworm, Taenia.

A (a) Name A and B.

B [2 marks]

(b) State which phylum and class does the tapeworm belongs to.

[2 marks]

(c) State 2 characteristics for the phylum that tapeworm belongs to.

[2 marks]

(d) Tapeworm is a parasite that usually lives in the small intestine of the host. What are the special adaptations that allow the tapeworm to be so successful as endoparasite? [4 marks]

Section B [60 marks] Answer any four questions in this section. 5. Animal tissues can be divided into four groups based on their structures and functions. (a) Describe the structure for the following animal epithelial tissues. [8 marks] i. simple squamous epithelium ii. stratified squamous epithelium iii. pseudostratified epithelium iv. transitional epithelium (b) Differentiate smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle. [7 marks] 6. Replication of DNA is semiconservative. (a) Based on the statement above, describe an experiment carried out by Messelson and Stahl to demonstrate the replication of DNA is semiconservative. [9 marks] (b) Describe how DNA replicates semiconservatively [6 marks] 7. Proteins are essential organic macromolecules found in all living organisms. (a) Compare and contrast fibrous proteins and globular proteins. [6 marks] (b) Describe the stages for protein synthesis in eukaryotes. [9 marks]

8. ATP is an essential compound to store energy temporarily in cell. When energy is required by the cell, ATP is hydrolyzed to release energy. (a) Briefly describe the structure of the organelle that aids in the main production of ATP in cell. [6 marks] (b) Outline the mechanisms for chemiosmosis to explain the synthesis of ATP in oxidative phosphorylation. [5 marks] (c) Carbon monoxide is a respiratory poisonous gas. Explain how it affects cellular respiration. [4 marks] 9. C3 plant will undergo photorespiration when the oxygen concentration level is high within its surrounding while there is no photorespiration in C4 plant. (a) Explain what is meant by photorespiration. [4 marks] (b) By using a diagram, describe the leaf anatomy in C4 plant. [5 marks] (c) Differentiate C3 and C4 plants. [6 marks]

10. Briefly explain the following classification. (a) Phylogenetic classification (b) Cladistic classification

[8 marks] [7 marks]

END OF QUESTION PAPER Prepared By: Mr. Tan Wai Shan