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Faraday Generator In One Piece

Diego Esteban Chaves 0206511, Jhon James Londo o 0206526, Jheinson Marin Nore a 0206529 n n Presented to: Juan Diego Pulgarin Universidad Nacional De Colombia - Sede Manizales Department of Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering and Computing.

Abstract In the conventional Faraday generator, a conductor disk rotates in a magnetic eld. If it replaces the disk for a permanent magnet, itll provide its own magnetic eld, and the effect will be identical. Any magnet in movement is going to generate an electromotive force induced. This effect is due to movement of the magnet, it generates its own magnetic eld.

I. Magnetic Field. Electrical Field. Magnetic Force. Faraday Generator. Faradays Law. Electromotive Force Induced. Electromagnetical Induction.

K EYWORDS

II.

I NTRODUCTION

This project is based on the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction; it generates a electrical current, when a conductor moves in a electrical eld. The effect was discovered by British physicist, Michael Faraday, the discovery of this effect helped directly to the development of rotary electric generator. It converts mechanical energy into electricity. For this design has been replaced the conductor disk for a permanent magnet, it generates its own magnetic eld; the effect is identical, any magnet in movement generates an electromotive force induced. The concepts of generation and induction will be veried, and the project will show that these knowledges are very useful inside electrical engineering, in elds like the generation, and use of the electricity. III. III-A. Faradays Law T HEORY

The Faradays Law is based in the experiments made for the British Michael Faraday in 1831, it says that the voltage induced in a closed circuit is directly proportional to the speed with which changes over time the magnetic ux passing through an area with the circuit as any edge.
cE d . dl = - dt s B . dA

In the previous equation, E = The electrical eld, dl = Element differential of contour C, B = Density of magnetic eld, S = An any surface with edge C

III-B.

Theory
F m=q.v x B (1)

The magnetic force F m of an electric charge q that moves with a speed v through a magnetic eld B .

There is an electric eld at a point where an force acting on an electrical charge at that point. An electrical eld E is dened as:
E = Fqe (2)

The direction of electrical eld is equal to the electrical force. It deduces that: Fe= q . E (3) In the Conventional Faraday Generator, a conductor disk rotates around of its own axis of symmetry, in the presence of an external magnetic eld. The direction of the external magnetic eld also in the axis of symmetry. If it replaces the conductor disk for a conductor magnet, it will provide its own magnetic eld parallel to the axis, that is to say a permanent magnet will not need a external magnetic eld. This device is known as the Faraday Generator In One Piece.

Fig. 1. R = RADIO, B = MAGNETIC FIELD

When it does to rotate the magnet, it moves with a speed v, so, according to the equation (1), it generates a perpendicular magnetic force to the speed of the charge. If the magnetic eld get into the magnet. The positive charges will concentrate in the magnet edge, and the negative charges are going to the center of the disk, that for the magnetic forces. When the magnetic and electrical forces are in balance, it can see that it will appear an electrical eld E.
E =v xB (4)

In the case of the rotary disk, the tangential speed V as the induced eld will vary with the distance from the edge to center of the disk given for the radio. The electrical eld varies along to the diameter of cylinder (in the radial direction), in the same way that the tangential speed, therefore: E(r)=B r (5) Where r is the distance from the center of magnet to the point in interest, and the angular speed of the disk. Therefore the electromotive force induced from the center of magnet to the edge is: = IV. IV-A. Equipment Used Drill Circular permanent magnet (9 cm of radio) Support wood 2 Brushes of coal Volmeter
R R 1 2 0 E(r)=B 0 rdr= 2 BR

(6)

M ETHODOLOGICAL D ESCRIPTION

Fig. 2. Ideal Projects View

Fig. 3. Magnet and Brushes

IV-B.

Procedure

For the assembly of this project was necessary to do a support wood, it will serve like support of the drill, later it makes a hole in the magnet this because it needs to insert the drill in the magnet. It design a layett, it supports the brushes. It puts a brush in the center of the magnet, and the other in the edge of the magnet, aviding the friction. Finally of the brushes, it takes two wires, its gonna to the voltmeter; here it measures the generated voltage. V. R ESULTS A NALYSIS

The general idea is demonstrate and check the Faradays Law, with a permanent magnet in movement. When the drill starts to work, the magnet was testing an angular velocity; this velocity was affecting its own magnetic eld of the dipole and it generates a displacement of electrons to the center and the protons to the border of the magnet, immediately it generates a voltage, this voltage measures with the brushes, and the results looks in the voltmeter. The resulting voltage was very unstable, It increased directly proportional to the speed of drill, the drill gets stability in its speed, but the voltage continues varying from 10mV to 60mV, this effect is because the magnetic eld never is constant because the magnet is not completely permanent, so the voltage is not constant. Its important to mention another points that make an important function in what was said before and they are, the friction of the brushes, the friction energy releases heat, likewise, it changes the measurements of voltage. VI. VI-A. General Conclusion The Faraday Generator Of One Piece made possible to know the behavior and the usefulness of the magnetic led and more specically the Faradays law. Its the big importance for the studying of the magnetic eld and electrical eld. Likewise, it can see how tha magnet with own led magnet and with the help of the mechanical energy of the drill, the magnet generated a induced voltage. C ONCLUSIONS

Fig. 4. Drill and Magnet

Fig. 5. Drill, Magnet and Brushes

VI-B.

Specics Conclusions It saw that when the drill starts up and to measure the voltaje in the extremes of the brushes, this voltage increases directly proportional to the angular speed of the drill. Only, when the drill gets a constant speed, the voltage did not vary. It should tell that in the experiment the voltage never got to be stable, because the frequency of rotation of the drill is not constant, and the magnetic eld is not equal in the time. It got a knowledge more advanced about of behavior of a magnetic eld when its in movement to determined speed, the negatives charges are gonna the center of magnet and the positives charges are gonna the edge of the magnet, generating two diferent polarities, therefore it generates a voltage, it could to check with a voltmeter in the center and the edge of the magnet. The voltage obtained was very small aproximately of 20mV to 60mV, it is because the magnet is very big to the drill. The magnet did not get a good angular speed, besides the magnet is not completely permanent, the magnet is permanent only in its own edge, the rest is a conductor metal, as well there are losses for the friction of the brushes. VII. B IBLIOGRAPHY

Fsica Universitaria, F. W. Sears, M. W. Zemansky y H. D. Young, Sixth. Ed., Editorial Fondo Educativo Interamericano, M xico (1986), p.735. e M.J.Crooks, D.B.Litvin, P.W.Matthews, R.Macaulay y J.Shaw, One-piece Faraday generator, Am.J. Phys. 46, 729 (1978) D.R. Corson, Am. J. Phys. 24, 126 (1956)

Fig. 6. Projects Final View