Kevin Yu APWH 7 11/9/11

PERSIAN Chart AP World History

POLITICAL Leaders, Elites State Structure War Diplomacy, Treaties Courts, Laws

Chapter: 12
~ China reunifies under Sui at the end of 6th century after centuries of strife (220-589 division period) ~Sui rise when Wendi, northern aristocrat, overthros Zhou and unifies north, uses support of the nomadic tribes, defeats the Chen, unites core of China ~ Yangdi kills his father, Wendi,and seizes the throne, continuing political reunification and centralization, supports the scholar gentry, construction projects, mild legal code, lowered taxes, low food costs make Sui popular to the people ~ Dynasty ends 618, Yangdi assassinated due to failures in Korea and softness and overfondeness of luxury ~ Li Yuan saves the imperial order from dissolution, his son Tang Taizong takes control in 626, forming the Tang dynasty ~ Tang dynasty created frontier armies and rebuilt the Great Wall in order to protect ~ Turkic tribes forced to submit to the Tang (heavenly khan), with daughters intermarrying into the dynasty, sons taken as hostages, served in militias loyal to the Tang ~ Tang empire expands over a huge area, from the orient to Afghanistan, to Korea ~ Expansion of bureaucracy was crucial for restoration under Tang ~ scholar genty bureaucrats used to reduce power of aristocrats ~ aristocratic power declines, power resides in the Imperial family and bureaucracy ~ Civil service exams ~ Tang decline due to internal rebellion, nomadic incursions, ~ High born women try seizing the throne near the end, after the rule of Empress Wu ~Xuonzong peak of Tang power in 713 756 ~ Naer the end of Xuonzongs rule, his policy becomes soft, doesnt rule well, leads to unpopularity and military decline, civil revolt by a main general An Lushan ~ Rebellion crushed at high cost demoralized troops and country, no good emperors followed to restore the dynasty ~ nomads take advantage of the political division of the Tang, invade and conquer as government becomes more and more regional and less organized ~ Song arises in 960 53 years after the last Tang emperor abdicates in 907 ~ Zhao Kuangyin takes control after the fall of Tang ~ Early failures in conquest set precedent for an entire reign of failure ~ Defeat by Khitans (Liao) lead to heavy series of tributes and levies set on the dynasty, leading to financial ruin ~ Song is overall pretty weak empire is undermined ~ Empire flees south as nomads invade, eventually overcome in 1279 ~ Granaries for food reserve, lowered taxes un Wendi of the Sui dynasty ~ Buddhists did not have to pay taxes for their land, causing political dissent ~ Song dynasty is forced to pay huge levies and tributes to the Khitins, leading to absolute financial ruin from 1004 end of dynasty ~ Song dynasty also has to support a large army, further ruining the economy ~ Grand canal built by Yangdi eliminates the North South divide ~ Large, splendid cities ~ Chinese build great ships, silk trade, import of luxury items

ECONOMIC Type of System Technology, Industry Trade, Commerce Capital/Money Types of Businesses RELIGIOUS Holy Books Beliefs, Teaching Conversion Sin/Salvation Deities SOCIAL Family Gender Relations Social Classes Inequalities Life Styles INTELLECTUAL, ARTS Art, Music Writing, Literature

~ Buddhism spreads in China, aided by Daoism and is morphed into more spiritual Buddhism ~ Buddhist monastic orders threatened by Confucian learning in the Tang dynasty ~Mahayana (spiritual) and Chan (Zen; meditation and such) Buddhism develop and proliferate ~ Daoists and Confucians feel threatened by the successes of Buddhism attack it

~ Xenophobia emerges during Tang dynasty, disliking Buddhism for its foreign nature ~ Status of Women is clearly improving in the Tang and Early Song, declines steadily in the late Song as the Neo-Confucian movement ~ Neo-Confucian movement stressed women as housekeepers and mothers of sons to continue the patrilineal line ~ emphasized virginity of young brides, fidelity for wives, chastity for widows ~footbinding becomes a way to show the subordination of women they had to rely on men and represented the enjoyment of men at the expense of the freedom of women

~Buddhism is increasingly used, Sui dynasty sees recurrence of Confucian Bureaucracy ~ Tang government supports schools and academies to educate Confucian politics for state officials and bureaucrats ~ Silk is produced widely and is uniquely Chinese ~ Porcelain pottery, landscape painting art also become widespread in China

Kevin Yu APWH 7 11/9/11

Philosophy Math & Science Education
~ Extent of Tang control surpasses even todays boundaries ~ North South divide reduced by the grand canal ~ South exports rice to northern cities

NEAR: GEOGRAPHY Location Physical Movement Human/Environment Region

NOTES: