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New Approach to Gas Detection and Environmental Monitoring

Claudio Groppetti
VP Business Development Gas Detection & Environmental Monitoring Xtralis

Kevin Dean
Product Manager Gas Detection & Environmental Monitoring Xtralis

Agenda

Review Traditional Approaches of Fixed Gas Detection Introduce Multi-hole Aspirated Gas Detection (AGD) Technology Comparison

Codes and Standards

AGD Overview & Value Proposition Design Process for AGD AGD Sampling Configurations Applications

Summary
Questions and Answers

Gas Detection Approach Options

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Traditional Approaches to Gas Detection

Fixed point Single line aspirated sampling Sequential aspirated sampling Open path

New Approach
Multi-hole aspirated gas detection combined with very early warning smoke detection

Fixed Point Detectors

Transmitter Contain sensor, display, alarm levels, controls, and means
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to calibrate Most common approach deployed Area protection Can be stand alone or tied into system Stand alone sensor (no display/interface) available Wide range of gases

Controller Can be connected to stand alone sensor or

Images courtesy of Crowcon Detection Instruments

transmitter Provides remote display, output and calibration capabilities

Conventional Aspirated Gas Detection

Single line, continuous sampling Provides same capabilities as fixed point detector
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plus Extracts samples from inaccessible or harsh environment Wide range of gases

Multi-line, sequential sampling Enables sampling of multiple areas

with a single gas detector Sequential sampling of each area is common Can be configured for continuous sampling of all lines Wide range of gases

Images courtesy of Crowcon Detection Instruments

Open Path Gas Detection

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Consists of a transmitter and receiver

Measures along the transmitted beam

Provides continuous and extended area coverage Path lengths from 15 to 300+ feet are common

Combustible gas detection most common deployment

Images courtesy of Crowcon Detection Instruments

Multi-hole Aspirated Gas and Smoke Detection

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24/7 Active Sampling & Detection

Air actively drawn through pipe network with multiple sampling holes to the Aspirated Gas Detector then to the Aspirating Smoke Detector
Protects Plant / equipment Personnel safety Detects Toxic gases Flammable gases Oxygen deficiency Fire (Smoke) Potential for better performance Remove guess work from detector placement Greater area coverage Potential for lower total cost of ownership Lower initial install Lower long term operation

Sampling Pipe Network Aspirated Gas Detector

Aspirating Smoke Detector

Inherent Advantages of Multi-hole Aspirated Detection

Active 24/7 monitored sampling versus diffusion Ability to condition air stream
Enables use in harsh environments
Temperature extremes Wet High EMI Dirty Hard to access areas

Take the guess work out of detector placement

Extends detector life

Minimize / eliminate need to run cable and conduit Mount detectors away from detection spaces
Simplified installation Ease of access for testing and servicing Eliminate process / personnel disruption during servicing

Take the guess work out of detector placement Lower total cost of ownership Non-intrusive sampling to satisfy architectural or security concerns
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Technology Comparison
Characteristic
( = relative advantage | X = relative disadvantage) Able to provide unambiguous gas reading Detects wide range of combustible and toxic gases Simultaneously measure multiple points in space with a signal detector Active gas sampling, not diffusion limited Dependent upon sample transport time Deployable in extreme/harsh environments outside normal specified operating limits Eliminates or minimizes the need to run field cable and conduit Sample tubing / piping required Simplified open area system design and detector placement Does not require line of site positioning of detectors Provides the combination of gas and smoke detection in one platform Multi-Hole Aspirated Gas Detection (AGD) Conventional Fixed Spot Gas Detection Conventional Aspirated Gas Detection
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IR Open Path Gas Detection

X X

X X

X X

X X

AGD delivers unique characteristics advancing the state of the art in gas detection

Gas Detection Codes and Standards

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Prescriptive Fire Alarm Codes and Standards Non Prescriptive Gas Detection Codes and Standards NFPA 720: Standard for the Installation of Carbon Monoxide (CO) Detection and Warning Equipment:
Section 5.8.5.3.1 states that carbon monoxide detectors shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturers published instructions References UL 2034 / UL 2075 for sensitivity limits

OSHA 29 CFR 1910 Occupational Safety & Health Standards

NIOSH National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

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Gas Detection Codes and Standards (cont.)

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ACGIH American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists

2011 Guide to Occupational Exposure Values; ISBN 978-1-607260-29-5

UL2034/UL2075 alarm thresholds conflict with occupational

exposure limits
UL 2034 alarm thresholds
30 ppm no less than 30 days

Occupational Exposure Limits

ACGIH 8 hour TWA: 25 ppm

70 ppm 60 to 240 minutes

150 ppm 10 to 50 minutes 400 ppm 4 to 15 minutes

NIOSH Ceiling: 200 ppm

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AGD Product Overview

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Plug and play factory calibrated replaceable sensor cartridges Single or dual sensor cartridges Two adjustable alarm thresholds per sensor On board relays, 4-20mA, and RS485 Modbus

Event logging (50,000 events)

Calibration port Class 1 Division 2 models available Can be installed in new or existing ASD systems
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AGD Detection Capabilities

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All PPM gases toxic w/ exception of H2 that provides very early warning capabilities

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Value Proposition: Eliminate guess work in detector placement

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Increase sampling points provide better area coverage to detect smaller leaks Provides equivalent coverage with fewer detectors
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Value Proposition: Eliminate guess work in detector placement

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Increase sampling points provide better area coverage to detect smaller leaks Provides equivalent coverage with fewer detectors

Better detection in ventilated spaces Reduced maintenance cost with easier access
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Value Proposition: Increased coverage with fewer detectors

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Value Proposition: Increased coverage with fewer detectors

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Predicating leak location is judgment call Four (4) point detectors required for optimum protection One (1) AGD detector required
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Value Proposition: Lower Total Cost of Ownership

Conventional Point Detector Solution

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Individual Smoke and gas detectors

Detector installation and wiring Detector test and maintenance

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Value Proposition: Lower Total Cost of Ownership

Conventional Point Detector Solution
ASD / AGD Solution

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Individual Smoke and gas detectors

Lower Initial installation costs

Detector installation and wiring Detector test and maintenance

Operating and maintenance costs

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Value Proposition: Increased system design flexibility

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Gas

Multiple sampling points can provide higher sampling density per unit area detect smaller leaks

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Value Proposition: Increased system design flexibility

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Gas

Multiple sampling points can provide higher sampling density per unit area detect smaller leaks

Gas

Multiple sampling points can be leveraged to cover greater area with fewer detectors lower total cost of ownership

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Value Proposition: Increased system design flexibility

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Adjust thresholds to compensate for potential dilution

Sampling Points Gas 1 2 3 Low Alarm Threshold 25% LEL 25 13 9 7 5 High Alarm Threshold 50% LEL 50 25 17 12 10

Multiple sampling points can provide higher sampling density per unit area detect smaller leaks

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Gas

Multiple sampling points can be leveraged to cover greater area with fewer detectors lower total cost of ownership

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3 Stage System Design Process

Stage 1: Design ASD system to meet local fire regulations Validate sample pipe work using the ASD design software for smoke transport times and sample flow balance
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3 Stage System Design Process

Stage 1: Design ASD system to meet local fire regulations Validate sample pipe work using the ASD design software for smoke transport times and sample flow balance Stage 2: Design AGD system to meet gas detection requirements Identify the gas hazards Define the monitoring objective Determine suitable sample pipe and hole layout Determine alarm annunciation requirements
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3 Stage System Design Process

Stage 1: Design ASD system to meet local fire regulations Validate sample pipe work using the ASD design software for smoke transport times and sample flow balance Stage 2: Design AGD system to meet gas detection requirements Identify the gas hazards Define the monitoring objective Determine suitable sample pipe and hole layout Determine alarm annunciation requirements Stage 3: Modify ASD system design as required Finalize system component mounting and location Re-validate combined smoke and gas system Obtain acceptance from all stakeholders
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Stage 2: Understanding Gases and Application

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Flammable

1 Is Target Gas Flammable or Toxic

Toxic

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Stage 2: Understanding Gases and Application

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Flammable

1 Is Target Gas Flammable or Toxic

Toxic

2 Is Target Gas Lighter / Heavier than air? Lighter Heavier Lighter

2 Is Target Gas Lighter / Heavier than air? Heavier

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Stage 2: Understanding Gases and Application

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Flammable

1 Is Target Gas Flammable or Toxic

Toxic

2 Is Target Gas Lighter / Heavier than air? Lighter Heavier Lighter

2 Is Target Gas Lighter / Heavier than air? Heavier

3 Is objective Area/Object or Vent Grill monitoring?

3 Is objective Area/Object or Vent Grill monitoring?

3 Is Area Occupied or Unoccupied?

3 Is Area Occupied or Unoccupied?

VG

VG

Occupied

Unoccupied

Occupied

Unoccupied

4 Area Monitoring: Protecting a space bounded by walls, floor or ceiling 5 Object Monitoring: Detecting a gas release in close proximity to a process or piece of equipment 6 Ventilation Grill Monitoring: Detecting a gas at an inlet or exhaust of an area due to air flow within the space

4 Occupied Area: Predominately occupied during normal work hours where sampling points should be placed within the normal breathing zone. 5 Unoccupied Area: Area that is NOT normally occupied during normal work hours.

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Detection Objectives: Area, Object, Ventilation Grill

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Area

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Detection Objectives: Area, Object, Ventilation Grill

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Area

Object Plan view

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Detection Objectives: Area, Object, Ventilation Grill

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Area

V E N T

Object Plan view

Ventilation Grill

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Detection Objectives: Occupied vs Unoccupied Areas

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Breathing Zone

Occupied
Sample in breathing zone

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Detection Objectives: Occupied vs Unoccupied Areas

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A G D

Lighter than Air

Breathing Zone

ASD

A G D

Heavier than Air

Occupied
Sample in breathing zone

Unoccupied
Sample based on specific gravity of gas / ventilation

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Deployment Flexibility
34 Aspirated Gas Detector

A: Single Point Detection B: Zone Detection C: Total Area Detection D: Zone w/ Multiple Detectors

Aspirating Smoke Detector

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Sample Pipe Layout Options: Rectangular Area

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ASD

AGD

ASD

AGD AGD

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Sample Pipe Layout Options: Corridors, Tunnels & Voids

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ASD

AGD

ASD

AGD AGD

AGD

ASD

AGD

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Sample Pipe Layout Options: Irregular Shaped Areas

ASD
AGD

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ASD

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Applications Natural Gas & LPG Hazards

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Utility tunnels
Oxygen, methane

Gas fired turbines

Natural gas (methane)

Gas fired furnaces

Natural gas, propane, carbon monoxide

Gas metering rooms

Natural gas, oxygen

Laboratories
Natural gas, toxics, carbon dioxide

Commercial kitchens
Natural gas

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Applications Natural Gas & LPG Hazards

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Battery rooms & fork lift truck charging racks

Hydrogen Methane, oxygen & carbon monoxide Natural gas Methane & hydrogen sulfide Oxygen Gasoline vapor & carbon monoxide Methane, hydrogen sulfide, oxygen and chlorine
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Steel and aluminium mills Cable / utility tunnels

Engine test cells

Water & wastewater treatment

Applications Natural Gas & LPG Hazards

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Carbon dioxide and oxygen

Cold storage & refrigeration

Ammonia

Road tunnels & loading bays

Carbon monoxide & nitrogen dioxide

Waste handling facilities

Methane, hydrogen sulfide, oxygen

Agriculture
Ammonia, methane, hydrogen sulfide

Wood pellet storage

Carbon monoxide & oxygen

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Steel Mill Project - Electric Reheat Furnace

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$140 $120

Install Costs x $1,000

$100 $80 Labor $60 $40 $20 $0 Conventional ASD/AGD Material

300 ft tunnel below furnace

Initial solution considered

25 fixed point oxygen detectors

Installation cost x $1,000

Conventional ASD/AGD Savings

Material Labor Total $75 $50 $125 $29 $26 $55 61% 48% 56%

Final solution selected

Gas plus supplemental fire detection 2 ASD 8 AGD zones (32 sampling points)

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Multi-hole Aspirated Gas Detection

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Reduces the guess work in gas detector placement

Sample an area, not a point in space Better area coverage More tolerant of changing environmental conditions (i.e. air flow)

Potentially lowers initial equipment costs

ASD plus Gas Easy to install to ASD Little to no cabling Fewer detectors possible

Potentially lowers operating & maintenance costs

Easy access to ASD and AGD

Less test and calibration gas and labor Fewer detectors to maintain and replace

Advances the State-of-the Art in Gas Detection

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Questions?

Claudio Groppetti cgroppetti@xtralis.com Office: (952) 443-0164 Kevin Dean kdean@xtralis.com

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