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GREEK
BASIC COURSE
Volun1e 1
*
,... ****
***
**** /)
~~*~
:\:\ri~~fJ
ij~';~llllllt~D
~~-~ t(~~
his
1967
D
LLOYD
ii
SWIFT
".
GREEK BASIC COURSE
PREFACE
FS'
soken
Subsequent volumes are plnned carry tle stulent lurtler no tle grr_r nJ
vocabulary soken Greek nJ to introduce grdully tle more _ spoken and
wriuen lorms kown QS l'tlNo.a. used 10rm occsions by educated -Greeks
and commonly encountered tle press.
Tle
linguist
clrge lB
ment
ulors collaborted 1e
direction
Gary
lley.
111
. . . .. . ..... ....
........ ........... .......... . .
Pref'ace
Introduct1on
Un:1t
111
x:ii1
Symbo18 UBed
Ba8ic Dialogue
Note
Transcr1ption used
1.1
8.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .
Consonants
. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .
Wr1t1ng systell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Assimilat10n
. .. . . . . . . .. . ... . . ... ..
Vwels
.3
1.4
1.5
Unit
!' vwels
3
5
6
9
12
Bas i c
Dialp;us
Naatiw
Note
'18'.
2.1
'1sn't'.
Def'1n1te Art1cle
AS81Jnilat1on
Un1t 3
Narrat1ve
14
'aren't'
!' vwels
3.1
3.2
Indef'1n1te article
3.3
Def'in1te art1cle-plural
Un1t 4
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bas1c D1alogue
Nt.e
.. . .......
. . . . . . -. . . . . . . . . . . . -.. . . . . . . .
. . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
'are'.
Palatal1zat100
8.
1 .3
4!1
. . . .... . .. . ....... ..
. . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .
. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....
.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21
22
24
25
26
Ba8ic D1alogue
)0
Narrat1ve
32
Note 4.1
4.2
Ass:iJilatioo
34
Personal prooouns
35
Verb classes
35
i,v
. . . .... ...
verbs
36
36
..............
37
Unit 5
Basic Dialogue
Narrative
Note 5.1
..... .. .......
. . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . .. ... . . .. . . . ...
41
45
Assimilation of vowels
47
Assimilation of /s/
47
Cases
Articles:
. . ... .. . .. ...... .
....
....... ...............
Accusative
48
Stress
Declension
... ....................
Plural
Accusative case
Noun:
Adjective:
50
50
51
51
......... .. .. .... . ..
. .. . .. . ... ... ..........
Accusative case
Class 11 verbs
47
53
54
.. .. . ... .
. . . .... ..... . ...
............
Review Drills
58
62
'Polite' expressions
64
Narrative
65
Unit 6
Basic Dialogue
Narrative.
Note
66
69
Class
6.1.1 Class
Class
Class
Class
verbs:
Persona:.endings
7?
Class
verbs:
73
6.1
6.1.2
Notation.
Class
verbs:
Subjunctive
. . . . .. ... . .. ....... .
........ . . . .. .... .. .
v
71
71
71
72
74
74
6.7
75
6.8
Verb /br/ .
75
6.8.1
76
6.9
Use ! /kmos/
76
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .
Adjective /polis/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Expressions of Time
6.11
76
76
Unit 7
Basic Dialogue.
Narrative
Note 7.1
. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .
... .. .. ... . . .. .... ...... .
. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .
uSB
genitive case
81
84
85
7.1 .1
Genitive case-articles.
86
7.1.2
Genitive case-nouns
87
. .. ... .. . . . . . . . .. .. .. . ..
87
90
Adjectives:
Declension
90
Adjectives:
/aft6s/,
92
7.5
Adjectives:
/pOlis/
92
7.6
Use of
Imalista/.
93
7.7
Use ! /piyno/
93
7.8
Use of
/pueena/
94
Basic Dialogue.
97
7.3
.. . .. .. .. . .. ... . .. .. .
/os/.
Unit 8
~arrati
Note 8.1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. ... ..
Possessive prononns
100
103
103
Demonstra ti pronouns.
106
/arts/, /ekin05/
107
~nestion
~.1Se of
words.
108
/180/
109
vero
Unit 9
Basic Dialogue.
Narrative
.. . .. . . .. . . ... . . .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . .
vi
113
,16
ot 9.1
/-ma/.
118
118
Ba81c D1alogue
,a,
Narrat1ve.
123
9.1 .1
Un1t
Nte 10.1
.
. . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . .. .. . .. .
.
. . .. . . . . . .
. . . . . .... . ...
.. .. .. . ... . . . . . .. . ......
Verb 'be
verb:
Class
10.3
S1Jple
10.4
1)0
0.5
1 )1
Past
1 )
6 -
Dr:i1la.
Narrat1ve
. . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .
.
. . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . . . .. . . . .. ... . .
,27
127
,)4
'37
.1
Basic Dialog11e
Narrat1ve.
. . . . . . .. . .. . ... . . . . . .. . . . .
Note 1,.,
Clas s
Un1t
126
10.2
R81ev (Un1S
Un1t
Past tense
cont1nuous past
145
, .2
,46
11.3
Verb /erxOlM/
146
verb8
140
. . .. .. . . . ... . . . .. .. . ..
,2
Ba81c D1alogue ..
1 S.
Narrat1ve.
'53
Note 12.1
,2.2
12.2.1
.. . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . .. . .. . . . .... . ....
. . . . . .. . . . . . ... . .. . . . . .. . . . ..
Vocative.
Class
verbs:
Iperative.
156
Perfect1ve Imperat1ve ..
157
Cont1nu0U8 Imperat1V8
157
'SS
. . .. . . . . . . . . . . .... ....
. .. . . . . . . .. . . . ... .. ...
158
1)
Ba81c
D1al~e
Narrat1w.
Nte
verbs - Present
".
. . ..
. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
'3.'
Class
,).2
vii
.. . . .. . . ... . . .. ....
16,
163
16S
166
166
Unit 14
Basic
Dialo;ue
Narrative
14.1
169
171
3~2 declensin
173
173
. . . . . .. . . . .. . . . .- .. .
. . ... . .. . . . .. . ...
14.1 .2
14.1.3
175
14.2
Masculine nouns in
175
14.3
Numerals
175
14.4
atharevus4
-4.oal
. . . .. .. . .... . . .. . .. .
-asl . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . .. .
. . . .. . . . ..... . . ... . . .... . . .
case
174
176
Basic Dialogue.
181
Narrative
185
enings.
Unit 15
Note 15.1
. .. . . . . .. . . . . . ...
Class
verbB:
. . . . . . . . . . . ...
.. . . . . . . . . . . ..
187
15.1.1
Class 11 verbs:
188
15.2
Class 11 verbs:
5imple Past
15.3
~lass
Continuus
199
15.).1
1-89
15.4
190
15.5
190
15.6
Adjective:
15.7
Indeclinable
11 verbs:
Shitt
uns
past
. . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . . . .
.. . . .. . . . . . . . .. . .
I-on/ . . . . .. . . . . . . . .
. . . . .. . . . .. . ... . .
. . . . . . ... . . . . . . . .. . . ....
stress
19C1'
191
195
Narrat1ve.
200
Hasic Dialop:ue.
202
Narrative
205
.Jrills
Unit 16
Note 16.1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. ..
.... .. . . ...... .....
. . . .. . . . . . ... . . . .. .. . . . . . .
Aaverbs
Adverb1als
tiJne
208
208
16.3
Ccnparat1ve.
..
209
16.4
Superlative.
210
v111
Cond1t1onal
. .. . . .
Adject1ve:
katharewsa Muter [ iD /- n/
. . . . .. . . ... .
. . . . . . ... . . .
210
211
Un1t 17
Ba81c D1alogue.
an-at1~
Note 17.1
UD1t
.
. . . .. .. . .... . . . . . . . .... . . . .
. ... . ... . . . . . . . . . . .. ..
.. .
.
nUDlrals
17.2
Decl1nable
17.3
217
218
219
18
B81c D1alCJg\l8.
Rarrat1w
Note 18.1
18.3
UD1t
Ipel't1ve
Clas8 11 verb8:
212
l'
.. . . . . . . . . . ... . . .. . . . . . . ... . . .. . . ..
.
. . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ... . .
.
...
lote
19.1
223
225
226
Pl8t
227
Past P8rtect.
Clu. 111
wrb
1~.2 1
Clu8 111
y1iM
19.2.2
Clas.
wrb
Sten tornat1ve
Pre8ent
C1a8.
230
233
.---.--""
sutt1xe.
19.,
220
Pre8ent Pertect
Ba81c D1alogu.e
Ilarrat1w
235
235
236
237
wrb8
S1Jple
19.3.2 Nta10n
.1 80
:B881c
D1alc::-.
Nan-at1ve
Note .20.1
,.
.. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . .. . . ......
. .. . . ... . ... . ... ....
.. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .
... . . . .. . . . . .. . . ..
.
. .. . . . .... . . .. . . .. . . .
.
Fonnat1on
wrb
20.1.1
Cla8s 1
20.1.2
Class 11
20.1.3
Clus
pertect1ve
BteJ
21
243
246
246
erb8.
246
erb8
a47
ote
20.2
247
Narrat1ve
. . . . . ... . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . .
. .. . . .. .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . .. . . .. . . .
2$0
257
Uni't. 21
Ba81c Dialogue.
2 S9
Narrat1ve . .. .
26t
Note
21.1
3!2
declensin
21.2
US8
!l/
Class
264
". ..
2~
erb8
Use /ik6s/.
~1't.
Inperat1ve.
.. . . . . . .' "
.. .. .. . . .. .. .. . . . .. . . . . .. ..
264
265
22
Ba81c Dialogue.
267
269
Adjective& in /-1&/
ote 22.1
Un1't.
22.2
c:aae
22.3
Verb /1p4.rxo/
22.4
word
wrb8;
. .. . .. . . . . . . . .
.. . . . . . . ..... . . .. . . ... .
. . .. . . . . . . . . . ... ..... ...
Prab1bit.1ve
/rMJJdri!
. . .. . ... . .. . ..
IJperat1Ye.
271
"
a)
Ba8ic Dialogus. .
271
Narrat1e
276
Nte 23.1
. . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . .
Pa.st part1ciple -. _.
Class 111 verbs Irregular pertect.1ve
_t.e8s.
278
280
'M1xed' conjugation .
280
Ba81c D1alogue.
.aea
Narrative
ae5
Un1't. 24
Pret1x
/uana-/
28
289
Bas1c D1a1o-. -.
291
Un1't.
2$
Note 25.1
0rd1nal8.
. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . ...
297
Dr1U8
Narrat1v8
Tel1ing
)01
)03
305
01088817'
306
/'
)
,/
...n
,..,.
'"'"
GREECE
InIernalional boundary
IndefInile boundary
DhIamerisma (RegIon)
boundary
National capital
ms
cenIer
Ra.Iroad
Road
40
40
"
80 MiIes
i
80 Kilometers
xii
INTRODUCTION
Greek 1s the off1c1al language of the present day k1ngdom of Greece.
than 95 percent of 1ts populat1on are nat1ve speakers of Greek.
More
Other languages
such as Bozca Ada and Imbroz (Turkey). Cyprus. as we11 as 1 surround1ng countr1es. e.g. southern A1ban1a. southern Yugos1av1a. Bulgar1a and Turkey (Istanbu1).
It 18 a1so spoken by 1arge Greek commun1t1es 1 the Amer1cas (p.S.A Canada.
Argent1na. Braz11). 1 Europe. Afr1ca and Austra11a.
L1ke Eng11sh. Greek be10ngs to the 1arge Indo-H1tt1te (Indo-European)
fam11y
1anguages and spread over the Ba1kan pen1nsu1a somet1me dur1ng the
11
Beg1nn1ng
terr1tor1es wh11e other d1a1ects began to dec11ne and then d1sappeared comp1ete1y 1 the'f1rst centur1es ! the Chr1st1an era.
Modern Greek presents a rather comp1ex 11ngu1st1c p1cture.
hand th1s 1anguage 1s the
older Greek;
re8~1t !
the one
dur1ng certa1n per10ds of Greek h1story have preserved 1ntact many morpholog1cal,
syntact1c and 1ex1cal e1ements ! archa1c Greek. As a result there are two
broad types ! 1anguage used 1 modern Greece. the IpopularI,or dh1mot1k1. and
the Iforma1 I or katharevusa. The former 1s the every-day 1anguag8 ! the
peop1e conta1n1ng 1oanwords from other languages wh1ch have been 1ncorporated
1nto the Greek 1anguage 1 the course ! 1ater Greek h1story. 'Dh1mot1k1' 18
pr1mar11y a 8poken language. that ! Greek songs and ba11ads. and does not have
a f1xed orthography. but 1s largely used by modern wr1ters ! poetry and flctlon.
The 1atter (katharevusa) 1s a consc1ous and art1f1c1a1 return to older
Greek. and 1s taught 1 schoo1s and used for off1c1a1 purposes and
1ess Ipure I form by newspapers.
a more or
S1nce the 2nd century B.C. the Greeks have d1sputed among ,themselves about
the1r 1anguage.
the1r works.
dhimotlk1 e1ements
the1r speech.
ratl0 may vary not on1y from speaker to speaker. but a1so may depend
sltuat10n
The
the
use the extreme var1ety of dh1mot1k1 whl1e buy1ng th1ngs at a market p1ace and
then sw1tch to the extreme katharevusa when address1ng a un1verslty professor.
The genera1 trend 1s toward dh1mot1k1 wh1ch 1s the normal 'lnforma1
'
1anguage. but kathareusa 1 1ts var10us degrees ! Ipur1ty' cont1nues to be
used as the off1c1al 1anguage 1 government work (Para11ment. Courts. Rad10
broadcasts. etc.).
The spoken Greek may be represented graph1ca11y as fo11ows:
--
L U
--
- - .-
atharevusa
D1fferences of sty1e are even more consplcuous 1 the wrltten 1anguage. Bes1des
Govgrnment other publlc announcements. documents. off1clal correspndence.
etc. al1 publlc slgns
Thus.
for example. the word for f1sh1ng shop 1 every-day language 1s 'pSaradhlko I
but the slgn"over the store sayR I1khth1opolfon I ; the word grocery store
1s Ibakallko I but the s1gn says Ipandopo1ion I etc.
1 ~owns
con~ervat1ve
dh1mot1k1.
x1v
kathom11 unen1
dh1mot1k1
Older L1terature
Modern L1terature
Off1c1al Language
Moderate Press
Conservat1ve Press
Every-day Usage
Th1s Course
The Greek descr1bed
the kathom11umen1
acord1ng
As the
!
an educated
'correct I
utterances, both the most common dh1mot1k1 and kathaverusa forms are represented
the Bas1c D1alogues and Grammat1cal Notes. At the same t1me the use
extreme dh1mot1k1 or Ioverpure I katharevusa 1s carefully avo1ded.
1.
The occurrence
each un1t.
Narrat1ves beg1n
Use
Th1s Course
10 sentences.
Bas1c D1a1ogues
10 to 14 sentences.
The 1nstructor reads the Greek. 1tem by 1tem. repeat1ng each 1tem (a bu11dup or a sentence) tw1ce for each student.
1tem
1mm~d1ate1y
c1at1on.
Each member
the
1nstru~torIs 110
student. the 1nstructor repeats 1t at norma1 speed w1th the student repeat1ng
after h1m (or her) as many t1mes necessary.
student goes over the Bas1c D1a1ogue by 11sten1ng to the tape and repeat1ng.
dolrtg thls untl1 he knows the d1a1ogue by heart.
After the sentences
students take part
!
actor.
Response Dr1l1s
Response dr111s cons1st
~nd
the d1a1ogue
referr1ng
the d1a1ogue and IResponse Dr111 referr1ng to the narrat1ve. One 'rea1
s1tuat1on I 1s g1ven by the d1a1ogue and another one by the narrat1ve. The
answers to the quest10ns are. therefore. pred1ctab1e . and the student 1s
supposed to know them.
the restaurant 1s Just across the street from the mov1e theatre. the student
must accept 1t as a 'real
'
1s the restaurant?I
the f1rst 15 un1ts the answers to the quest10ns
are g1ven w1th the dr111s.
dr111ed
'Where
Beg1nn1ng
w1th Un1t 16 response dr111s conta1n on1y quest10ns and the student 1s supposed
to formulate the answers
the g1ven s1tuat1on. From Un1t 16 the Response Dr111s are 10nger dr111ed
1 the same way as Bas1c D1a1ogues. but rather take the form ! a free conversat10n based
3.
'
Narrat1ve
The narrat1ve presents
that represented
broader vocabulary.
The 1nstructor goes through the sentences 111ustrat1ng new vocabulary
1tems
fam111ar1zed themselves w1th the new vocabulary. the 1nstructor reads through
the whole narrat1ve at a normal speed.
closed.
narrat1ve.
The narrat1ves
1
Response Dr111
''
and
the
Then the students read and translate the narrat1ve 1nto Eng11sh.
transcrlpt10n
18 om1tted.
5.
Bas1c
D1algou8s.
6.
used
7.
Subst1t~t1on.
1
Response Exerc1se
Response Exerc1ses occur at the very end
each un1t.
The quest10ns of
The purpose
more general
GraduaIIy.
h1s vocabulary.
AIl
the Bas1c
D1aIogues.
Beg1nn1ng w1th Un1t 5 these exerc1ses cons1st
11
1t 1s appropr1ate
1
necessary.
8.
11eu of Response
Exercisc~s.
The 1nstructor presents the topics one by one and asks the members of the
c1ass to take part
the d1scuss1on.
the top1c further and g1ve h1s reasons for agree1ng w1th the problem ra1sed by
the 1nstructor.
the d1scusslon.
has been fully d1scussed the 1nstructor ra1ses the next controversla1 questlon.
The exerc1se goes
GLOSSARY
At the end of each volume there 1s an alphabetlcal 11st of a11 the vocabu1ary 1tems 1ntroduced
that volume.
\!
~~~~_~~_~~_~~!:_~~~!_~!!l~~!!_!~_!~_~~
~~~!:!!!!_~2~!
the ~Us!! I!~.. parentheses and quota on marks are used toge :~her (,
] are used
equ1valent in Greek.
ParentbeSe8
equ1valent.
'n1e Eng11sh side 1s not a Uteral trans1at1on
speakers ord1nar11y Ny1n ISUch a s1tuation.
bo shuld aa
explained
On
on1tted.
slant line
o~
'1be use
o~
parentheses
un
Englisb
brackets
Alternate pronunciat1on
o~
8lDt1es
/.
phrases or _entence. 1n
trnacr1pt1on vi th1n
Unit ,
sas.
kalimra
kal1s~ra
sas.
kalintxta sa5.
~rete.
He110.
.C .
'-
81.
su.
p6s
bow
&/
isee/iste
you
&;
p6s
KC
,
Hw
:!e?
_11
erxar1st6
and
you
. ' !;
kesis?
and
ka1A
C ., .'!;
erxar1st
kesis?
yu?
Yes.
n.
C.c.
a,r.
are you1
!;
Good bye.
ka1l.
2!:
a::
mflista.
'..
61.
paraka16.
Please.
: Yu1re
( beg l
'~f~!~~!
aried
t.'umbers
tvo
).
velcOIe.
~C:
trfa
three
~:
t~sera
Eur
,,~
p&nde
five
~.
Sks1
six
~f./~f.
ept4/eft'
6K~/6x~
okt610xt6
eight
l;""f:/l"".f.
eMa/erry4
nine
~ka
ten
Grammat1cal Notes
-----------------
Modern Greek
1
In order to
ak
It
polnts.
adaptat10n
11
Qverything 18
le,1/.
1 a
The spelllng
la,o,u/
For
yi>ols:
Voels:
a,
u, e, 1
Consnants:
t,
t, ts,
V01ce1ess:
Volced:
b, d, b, g, , v, dz, , r, 1, , n,
Ic,
The acceot mark 1ndicates the 10udest syllab1e a p}rase 01 sentence and
1ndlcates a 1ess 10ud (IsecondaryI) stress.
1
1'1.
word sa1d
1n a sentence
falls a1vays
one
a word.
narks
11/, 1111
and
per10d
1.1
and
respect1ve1y).
B8Jll vlI~ues
as 1n
narks.
1,1
by a ra1sed pitch
1#1
1,1 111
1.1 1s
the phrase.
Quest10ns
111
Greek
w~y
,) QuestioDS vbich begin v1th a quest10n vord (such, for examp1e, as 'vbo', 'vben',
'vhere', 'hw', etc.), e.g. ,wbere are you g01ng1'
2) Quest10ns vithout quest10n vords (usually beg1nn1ng v1tb a verb 1n Greek) sucb as,
'Are you g01ng there1'
'D1d be
sa
tbat1', etc.
the second
categ~ry
! curse,
lor
relat1ve to each
other.
Stress (vh1ch 1s 10udness) and p1tch (vh1ch 1 be1gbt tone) lIIWJt be caretul1y
d1st1ngu1shed.
ust
Tbe punctuat10n
narks
It
vill
he1p the student to say tbings correctlyj but only careful l1sten1ng, and 1mitat1on as
vell as constant and pers1stent dr111
111
g1ve
a correct prcnunc1at10n.
Tbere are
/1/
1 voe1
Soevhat
sounds in Greek:
l1ke
!!~!!!!!!,
k1rfa, k6r1,
but
gl1de
1r{n!, {stera
voe1.
that
/8/
L1ke e
1et.
----
mSros
/./
SOJllvhat 1jke
! 10
!!~~!:' but
kill, 4na,
/0/
parakal6, pot!mi
unrounded
{a].
thch l1ke
ecbn1cal1:=
c10th.
a h1gher-IIIid
etxar1st6
/uI
.S08Vhat l1ke
~'
00 1
boot or u 10
kun6, kuldr1,
v1tbout the
g11de
kalu, ualfa
English.
[u].
Pronunc1at1oo Dr111s
G.D.I.2
/1/
k{rios
1or6tas
fkaros
efirerfoa
1mSra
ae!na
korits1
nda
/e/
leoforlo
et!lete
~repe
miMn
perno
t!na
patates
ner6
p~nde
Ha
/a/
trfa
6ra
4I-ostos
aeli:
kal$.
patE!ras
dra
/0/
6ra
aft6s
p6nos
mikr6s
korn
sor6s
6noma
6mikroD
ak6ma
/u!
ur4
kut6s
us{a
kun6
Ute
uJ.
kald
urans
ut!teros
/b/
L1ke b ! bob.
--Techn1cally: a voiced b11ab1al
stop [b).
br,
bamb4a, buk411
bt!no, blka
UNIT ,
/d/
Like d
dn, knd,
pandd,
pand6fles
a voiced dental
stop [~]
/f/
L1ke f 1 fOM.
Technically: a voiceless
----
/g/
L1ke
~ 1 ~~~.
grernn6s, grfnya
4ngelos, 4ng1ra, 4nglos
Technically:
stp
/k/
a vo1ced dorso-velar
[gJ.
L1ke c
strong purf
breath.
Fronted
/e/.
kd, kfrios
a vo1celess
/1/
be like
(v1th
!l
B~PE
before /1/).
lA01, luluo1
lost6s, lekls, leksik6
1fma, 11p6n, 11ym6s,
l1manj, lituryf.
Like !!! -!
~;
may be fronted
maSima,
akros, m6Xos
mikr6s,
ra, ~o
Techn1cally: a b1lab1al
/rj
~oB,
Tech.~ical1y: 3D
apico-dental nasal
/n/.
~
n1sf, nfxta
//
Like
puff
tri,
,
breath.
pueen
paraka16,
pern6
/r/
(].
tbe
rev1
Technically: an
/s/
Like !!
! !!~~!.
Technically: a
Isya, 'se,
(s]
/t/
L1ke t
strong puff
L1ke
V ! !!~!.
e'o, ',
Technically: a
Made by friction
tbrough as
r~r
vun6
vfxas, v6rio8
air pass1ng
tongue 1s in position
/k/.
follwed
oxtd,
by one
these
wlB)
by one
2~ f
these
vwels)
the
1 Oran
1ch.
(].
xta61
x1m6nas,
x!rete,
xees,
:xeB
UT
//
L1ke
~ ! ~~!!.
6,
Technica11y:
Made by frict10n
through as tongue is
[).
zum
air pass1ng
1
pos1tion
ayor4,
_1,
yra,
ynost6s
4yuros,
TechrI1cal1y: a v01ced
dorso-ve1ar 3p1rant
/'6/
L1ke
~~ ~~~!!:.
().
6, ad, d108
Tecbnically: a
(].
/8/
~~ ! ~h!!!.
L1ke
Techn1cal1y: a
auk1&~18,
81savr6s.
(8).
/ts/
L1ke ts
nets. Techn1ca11y: a
//
L1ke
<!!
1 !!:!!~.
kafedz:ls, dz{dz1kas
Techn1cally:
{].
L1ke l
1 l!!!~.
Techn1cal1y:
~,
palatal gl1de .
pe&y4,
X1ya, 6,
ytona8,
al)a,
yatr6s, J4ro.,
4)"108, ya
!:!~~!!:
24 1etters:
!!!!!~!:!~!~
letter
-------------
8
1
Greek:
!!!~!:!!!!~!:!~!:
/a/
Icpc
/Il.ta/
/./
/nta/
//
cf( )
/-.
/'6/
--(
/~1ta/
/e/
/lpsllon/
//
~(
/Zfta/
Letter
!!~~~~!~E~!~~
Name ! letter
--------------
in Greek:
--------
!~_~!~~~~~!E~!~~:
/1/
/I.ta/
-&
/e/
-&
/eita/
/1/
y/JJ
/y6ta/
/k/
~()
/k~pa/
/1/
()
/Uda/
/m!
/i:
/rr/
/nI/
/ks/
/ksr/
/0/
SKO
/6mikron/
//
//
/r/
6/
/r6/
'~
/s/
/siyrra/
/t/
/t&r/
/1/
/:rpsilon/
/f/
/fi/
//
//
/ps/
//
/0/
/of'ra/
Renarks
Follw1ng
8equences
und:
a) !..~!:!!
~g~~~~~_~f_!~~~~~~
~~5?!~:!
/u/
/lu.1/
'nour'
/e/
/onOI1'Azete/
lit 1s called l
/1/
/1r1nikf/
'peacefu1'
-&
/1oeet6/
'
1168/
';'
.. Used
Sound
adopt'
b) ~~~~~!::~!!~:!
5equence
letters
Sound
~!~~
/b/
/bor6/
'
can l
/1.'
/d5.no/
'
dress'
/,;
/ grmn6s/
'prec1p1ce'
After
voels
the coll1blnatlons
/rrb/,
/rJ/,
/lMr6s/
'bright'
lfv
/.rJra.s/
'an'
/.t:)l,I'fno/
/rd</
approvp.-t
are
The combination
niddle !
/f)r/
/4ngelos/ 'angel'.
The sound /ts/ and /dz/ are represented in Greek orthography by (- f:inal
poslt:ion)
am
/dzfdz1kas/ 'clcada'.
The corrbjnat:ion -YX-1n the iddle ! the ",ord corresponds tc the sound
x~
/nx/,
e. g.
/sinxorfte/ 'excuse!'.
c) Y~!~2~!~~~
The comb:inatlons and stand for /av/ and /ev/ before vowels an vclced
consonants, e.g.a:Iy6 /avy6/ 'egg f ,
a:~
/eviJfW!rfa/
'prosperlty', and tor /af/ and /ef/ before volceless consonants, e.g.a:Cv /aftokfn1to/
Icar', a: /eftlxfa/ 'happ1ness l , a:.
2) ~~!!!~!~!!_
/.s/ 'other', ~
There are three accents: the acute accent /'/, the grave accent /'/, and the
11
(;RI:EK
5 (OLR~E
c1rcnmflex accent -.
4) ~~!:~!!~!~~
The signs
1r~tia1
vcwels
and
1'1
co~1nat10ns.
mean1ng
modern Greek.
lna.ncv61
that go up .
v are
unstressed), e.g.
li,~()
/4ipnosl
'sleep1ess' or two separate vowe1 scunds (when t or ~ are stressed), e.g. ! lr"!
norn1ng'
~~~~~!~!:!~~
1,1
Ina
6) ~!~!!~~
the
ece:'t
senico1on.
ka1A
Ass1Jrd1ation
efxsrist,
kesIs7
lil
! vwe1s.
Fme, thank
a
11.
vme1
1"
yu, and
follw
1 by
you7
!
1. VC1e1,
"\
51n1lar
later un1ts).
12:
vcnela
(see
UNIT a
vtor.
\)
s1nxorHe.
Excuse
!.
\)
p't1
vhere
Ine
1 prezvIa
(the)
. ;
.
Iberf.l
eIJassy
18 the
r1ght,
Eba8BY?
the r1Iht.
on the r1ght
. ..
or6
prokseno
(the) consulate
aakr1i
tar
Im6/In'
ap6/ap
!rom
eb6
here
apo6
froJl
or6
4 LO"ra, .
m411sta. Ine.
Yes, 1 18.
.O"r
arjster4
1eft
O"r.6
(the) 8tat1cn
staem6s
In(e) staeIIIs
arjster4?
~o
61. ~
not
1ne.
13
, 1
1s not.
~'~t
kate!efan
stra1ght
o~
brost~
in front
~' ~r; o~
katefefan brostci
Sra1ght
~~6 ; ~'~t
o~.
sta,6s, :lne
ahead
katefefan brostci.
p'ra
very
<
pol
III1ch
~ <.
[>.
Narrat1ve
~~6 ~2~!~.
stams
6 o~, ~~
1 1~ooc4.
'near by'
'but'
'then', 'afterwards',
'after'
1 ?rezvfa,
6 .
o~,
~~6 .
'~ '~~ .
eks1',
u~n
kistera katefe:lan
br~3t4.
:ine
t, ~~6 '
apcM.
< '.
t!
s1nxrte.
UNITa
pU in(e) 1 prezv!af
pol! .JcrU. _.
!ne to
6:1, 1
prolen:to e kcnaf
:1.,
to
prezna :!ne
proledo
&eIa1.
prok8edo
:Ine
pol
8kr1A.
Grammat1cal Notes
-----------------
!~!_!~!
'are~'t'.
!n(e) ar1ster47
-OX~, Y~.
61, 4 tne.
, 1 1sn't.
a&6 K~'
Y~ 6 zpu~.
pol akr1A.
k1 prezv!a !ne
18ft?
are tar.
'1'".11':
EY~
and
:Jote 2.a
they aren't
Phonology: l'alatalization
/kalinta sas/
'good night'
/xi/
'no'
/mlista/
']e8'
/to
, (1) consulate'
15
rksen/
c.
a sim11ar position to
in saying
in
oonscnl:nts
Ergl1sh.
!: /1/, Im/,
//.
Consonants
made w1 th
/1</
speaker) when
Exarnp1es:
/kir10S/,
/I<!.pos/,
/1i.Brd./,
/pa]i/,
/paxya/,
/r:r/ reSective1 (1.e. the ccb1nat1()n ! /m/ w1th a very palatel1zed // ard /."i/or //;,
/rrJa/,
~~~_~~~
1. ~ c-&6 &.~&;
\; 1. ~ ;
:(e)
1. ~6 u&
cm !;
f;I'OUPS
wi th
re'ard
frc
prezvla'l
:>?
( stat10n ,
lIIascu1ine;
to ecnd'!r:
gerder
ascul1ne,
is a matter
Yu C
sox.
neuter)
that gender is a gramatical .1'eat\:re 0.1' \ ( question ! the1r ~~~r;;!!) re.t.her t!lan a
~~~~~~
t"roups
feature (determ:ined
! un 1
"
their meaniT![s).
rn0st
p..ort,
,6
'he
1: thor~
~rcllp
are
!:!,,~
a nrun tJe1on:o;s
UIT
As in
means.
!
artic1es
~nd
1ndefinite ('a').
definite artic1es are under1ined 1 the exanp1es above.
/1/
~6
Thus
/o/1s the
/-/,
r- /-1/, - /-a/,
etc.
f~~
of a
offcrs
oe deree !
predictacility
tc 1t.s
gender, e.g. alost a11 ncuns ending 1 - /-<- /-on/ in Katr.arevusa) are neuter; a greet
number nouns end1n in - / -a/ are fer.dr..1ne;
l-iOst animate nouns end::'nr, in - / are fiJr.ininc, 10Ihereas inanilllllte n01Jnsendir.g in
whereas noter nouns end"\.ne 1 /-1/ are spelled - . rer.ardlcss ! whetr.er they are
animate or
1naninate ).
a great mJl'lber
1e
In this
Course the art1c1e 115 regu1ar1y given whenever a new noun 18 introduced as a build-up,
cn.f6
.;.
/0 sta9Ds/.
!!~~!_~:.~ Ph0llCl10gy:
AssiJllilation
/-e/
ke8is
'and you'
kfstera
'and then'
kyo staOms
1 the word /ke/ 1s fcl10wed b;' a ,",ord which begins with a w1 tl:e assimi1ation
patterr8 are ..
olln
/ke/+/e/-/ke/, . [ . /kes!.s/
(/kc/t/cs9/)
/ke/t/1/-/d/, .. /l<istera/
(/ke/+/stera!)
(/ke,4-/lJ!lepot,:?/)
17
Pronunciation Drills
-------------------
ut1i
kuM
lem6s
ltara
lioyald
pa1Jn6s
ka1B
t.rav1&s
la.
k1ir
/r/
~
pern6
rUmeli
amzo
arnild
pr-yna
str&na
feros
rrsis
rmi
//
xar4
Mrarx.
xeri
irxondas
axins
X'Jra
s:lx
.an
mro
-/
y.Uos
meylos
Y01'jona
dyuros
.r
aypi
ayor'
nsis
a\'Sri
ylik6s
/6/
')6
ekrom
(~riJ\1a
siiiirronos
Ii6ti
~.
pDrl:~no
urr
pe
Mndro
M:Ja
ua
//
arerit1s
Oa_sia
irea
e.a
enUs1azm6s
ana9er.a
Oalasa
irro
GraIIIIIIItical Dr111s
------------------
:n86.
1ned
staems7
1 prezvia 1ne6.
1neM i
prezVa7
to prok8en!o
BJB
to
1ne Bn
prclen!o 16.
staODSs, 1 prezv!a ke
to prok8erno7
k1 prezna 1.
Bns ke
ine
1ne:J.
ke to prek8en!o7
prokseno, 1.
!n(e) stans7
&
!ne
18.
!n(e) 1 prezv!a7
1 prezv!a !ne
be~:s1a.
!n(e)
to prouen:!o7
BnB
ln (e)
k1 prozv!a1
1 prMv!a ke to prokseno,
eks1a.
BtB
Bms
!n(e) ar1stera.
Be
BeS
Bm 1 prezv!a ke
ar1stera.
katefeian brost&.
19
to proksenio, !ne
~
G R.EEK BASIC COUR.SE
11sta,
xi,
ineU6,
ie6,
i prezv!a?
ie6,
to proksenio?
U118ta, . cSXi,
inc.
:lne.
ine,
staem6s?
staooos, i prezvia ke to
ine..1
ine.
proksenfo?
kal1Jra
l
8&S, ps !see?
_inxor!te.
pU !n(e) 1 prenia?
_kr1A
!
6xi,
ar1_tera?
!n(e) BeS'l
ek81a/ne lO11
_11_~
!() _s
lne
{nel to
to
pr0k8eno
!ne
kond8/
bro8t8/
ka tetei8l1
bro8t8.
ela18.
ine to proksen!o
e kc:I8'l
au.ata,
ao
W to
apo&.
prolaen1o
!ne
urr
MS
ka16
'f6
. 6
(.)
na
(.)
, n()
no
good bo
here7
xi]yretro
to
'f K~ n.
nobody,
(the) hotel
arod
, . , ..6
Boe,
good
ksenooXo
to
any,
(the) kiloeter
ena, ena
xj.]ymetro akr
kiloeter
apoO.
c5:.6
. ~K.6;
'fv6
expensi ~
18 it expensi~7
!n(e) akriw7
ttin (.)
rea80nable, chep
ex1
he (8he, ) hu
orea (..)
beautitul. n1ce
ci
eyil.a (..)
l.arge
" .,
akr1v (.)
...
'f6
ci'f.
to
'fci
ci'f.
ta omtia
. 'fv6 ..
y~ ci'f..
~or.tio
(t."e) roo
(the) ros
UnciPXEI.
ip8rx1
!;
episis
a180
'f6
to
&.
i'f6.
t 6
estiatrio
21
(the) restaurant
ka
. "6
nearby?
mikr (.)
6: Iocrra, . .6
small
&.n6:, &6: ( 6.
aristera, al<i 1:
1.
'tt
t!
t-lhat
i ra
(the) hur
l:J .;
t! ra ine?
. .
lne !.
't6
.
't6 i:;
6 ~oo . .6:.
to efr:
(the) bus
inc to 1eofono?
tc 1eofono iJeksia.
Narrative
!~_~~~~~~ . .6.
~_~~~
6:. 't.
iparxi ena
6:..
ine mikr.
'(the) bath(roam),
;;or.atio
'vith'
banyo.
'
'or'
~.!:~.!:~~~!E~
~~~~~~
'kilometers'
6 .
to ~lo ksenooo:clo
'other' (.)
"6, &'~~!~ . 6. ka1, aH. !!~~, ine pol ka1. 'th1 s (.)'
~~}~~!!_~!:_';!!~J.,!!! ~!~~,
6 kond8.
- . 't'
a'tcf. . ..6't "u '
. . 't6, .
cf 't. ..
6 la't.a't6p.o.
''.
..
't .
.
.''t6 ~x.
:n, .
.6. KOV'tcX a'ta&-
22
ln(e)
fti,
ksen06oxio.
:Jomatia.
ena:! oio
ke meyala
eM kond&,
mrr
6.
~~6
~~~6~o.
~x~ ~ 6
~Ex~ xC
ka1 estiatrio.
~~o !
exi ena
~ , ! xC ,
taverna.
! .
ariem:
Mt/X
endeka/en8eka
e1even
Mt
60eka
twe1ve
Mt
5ekatra
thirteen
Mt
-)ekatesera
fO\Jrteen
O~
fifteen
Mt
ekaeksi
sixteen
XT/Mt
~ekaefta~ekaepta
seventeen
MtOX/MtO
6eka0xt6/5ekaokt6
eighteen
Mt
oekaenea
nineteen
'
kosi
twenty
~~!!~-~!!!
pu
in(e) ena
1::;cno()oXo~
na
apoQ.
alista,
exi meila
:tne ftin6?
~lista,
ine ftin6.
c:d.
, xi
rnc,,:-&la
kyor,~a
:'omatia7
estiat6rio7
pU in(e)
na
ena
ka1
estiatOrio.
8:10 ksenoi)ox!07
ena
60~~tia7
a1ista, It
me banyo.
in (e) akriv6 af'to to
pU in(e)
cxi
ksenoooX07
alista,
staGmos?
staemos
in(e) akriv6.
ineO
konda.
ma1ista, staGms !
staGmos estiat6ri07
ena
kal6
est.iatrio.
ar1n
ke p8nd.e
8Ilea
ekapMde.
ke tera
olctO ke tr!a
eca8k81 ke
eka ke
ekat8sera
okt
erdeka.
tA8era
&:10
ekap8nde.
k8na
ekapDe.
kna
ko.I.
k;yolctO
ekaeksi.
ept ky~
eka&li.
1eka k;iks!
ZIekaepU.
eka I;yept8
ZIekaenea.
ekaokt ke
Gramnat1cal
~_~~.!.
Adjective:
Gender
:lkDsi.
ok.
eksi
ekatria ke
ZIelcaenea
ekatr!a.
!koI.
Note8
Agreeent.
Bl~
:tne
eo
MOV-rt;
k0nd87
Bl~ K~;
:lne akriv67
wOx~, ~ -rv.
6xi. :lne
El~ ~ ~K ~-rt,
:lne
~ yt -rv.
ena
18
t i) .
d.
[1n.
mikr~ ar1stera,
poll ka1b.
here7
1 1?
1s
,
1t 's reasonab1e.
In
/ka10 !/, the noun 18 neuter, and the af"jective has neuter end1ng, 1n
24
tJ
'tf
/ka1l taverna/ the noun is teminine, and the adjecti has a tem:inine ending.
. &.6
/Oro1. 0/.
/-0/
/-i/
'1be
F.
't6;
/ttins/
~1j
/ttini/
~6
/ttioo/
'cbtap'
6;
/b16s/
1j
/kal/
/ka1/
'1001'
y~o;
/meyi10s/
y~
/mea1i/
y~o
/mea1o/ 'b1g'
.6;
/1krs/
.1j
/rd.kr/./
.6
/rd.kz6/
/or~a/
.-
/orf:os/
.;
Rear:l1' an
adjec:t1w vith
'l\o adJectives
n-
.-
/orlJo/ 'beaut.Uul'
ot tb:18 VPe.
tolloing orns:
F.
/ma/ ~~
.~
/rr18/
/4nas/
Other classes
adJectives
111
/4na/
/kanna/
Beg1nn1ng with Un1t 4 the three forms (nascul1ne, feminine am neuter) ! a11
adjectives "i11
follos:
6; ,
-1j, -6
ka1s,
'good'
y~o;, -, -
e10B, .-i, -
;, -, -
oreos, -a,
6;
-1.,
/Jake/Ibed I ; 1n.:
/k/
'bie'
'beautiful'
baw an a1ternate
!Ia'd./
K.~
.tc.
tea:1D1n. on 1n/-'/,
/IaJq./.
1he atject1w
/mas/, /ma/2!:
, /,
2$
Wa/,
/la/ow' 18 alo
equivalent
F.
/eMs staerSS/
w~
/! 6ra/
~~ . l:pa
'a
/rrW&
staticn'
'an
!i2~_~~. ou:
singlar
r/
hur'
'n
'one station'
la 4n / onio/
hour'
'a
1'0011'
'one
1'0011'
nouns.
' ' .
/~
the rooms'
()omB tial
/to/.
The def1nite article
Eons
sumar1zed
follows:
2i.
Pl.
Mascul1ne
/0/
/i/
Feminine
/1/
Neuter
'6
/1/
/to/
'
/ta/
Graatical
Dri1ls
iPrxi
ipArx:i. ella
ka ()nAtio
kond&1
1pirxi
prx1
kanena
:n1.kr
leo.fono eM koncl.&1
!ne
26
kanena
'6
:!ne
kamy
!ne
kal! taverna
kond8?
k0nd8?
cSx1,
maUsta,
6xi,
!ne
kannas 1kr.
kannas
or80s
()
k0nd4.
!ne
kond8.
1caMaB e
kond8.
kond81
6xi,
!De
naB e
koma1
:lne kaMnas
miusta,
61,
!ne
kond4.
eM k0nd4.
kanSnas e
kond8.
!De
kanyi
tt1n!
tavma e
koma?
Ine kam!a
_Usta, ine
da e
!ne
k:an e
usta,
!ne
da .
konda.
kond8.
kond8.
kond8.
or8a
tavema
konda?
61, .n
e6c)
kond?
Icoma?
eM koma?
oro 8stiatri e
kannas
or&!s ke
na
kond&.
!ne kan8na
!)
ena
e knd.
!ne kaneM
na
!ne kanena
k0nd8.
kond8.
koma.
konda.
kom.a?
6xi,
ine
k0rd8.
mallsta, !n(e)
6xi,
:lne kanena
t\n
milista,
6xi,
:te kanna m:ikro estiatr10
k!a
dUsta, !n(e)
6%1,
:te Jn8na t.1n estiatrio e
ine
mealos staems
on
ni1ista,
xi,
k0nd41
27
kanenas
kondI.
eO kord&.
eO kndc?
kanera
mal1sta, () na e kn:a.
ine
cSx:i.,
kondA?
ine kanena
kond&.
COrre1ation-8ubstitution Dr1lls
------------------------------Substitute the 1Iords in parentheses !or the underlined 1Iord (or 1Iords)
sentences and change the fonns
(taverna)
(taverna)
(leofono)
(stams)
~_~~~_~!_!~~~_!~!~!~ eksia.
(staems)
(oatio)
~_~!~_~_~~~_~~1ne.
(ksenoOox:o)
(Jcsenooxo)
~_'!!~~!~_!!~!!~~~:tne \eksit.
()
to
(prenia)
kntefe:tan ~rost8.
(taverna)
G.D.
3.2
(tavema,
\~st.iat6r:io, leoforio, stans, taverna)
28
estiatrio, )emati)
pi k(e)
na kal ksenoox!o1
pol! makr1i/
n lparX e
kond8 8na
&oMt1a
8:1
a18
exi pira
maUata.
akr1w,
pol
al& kB
f'tin, 14
pr
pol!
kal/
ke
kal/
!ne
pol
8na
!ne
akrlw/8x: ,
aU
n 1 eat1atl'io,
a1A !ne
a18
a18
pol
xi
aia .ey&l1
ine
katefe!an bro8U,
ine
1 {(8) .58"
arl8ter' to or!o/
CStera eka18.
pd X:1yetra
xi 8taI e8t1atrio7
a14
ex1
_kr18 apto
poli .akri8.
l. pol!
n
kal
kali tavema/
ora ine?
pU ine to leo!'orio1
xilyetra
29
makria apoM.
k(e) 1
!~_~~I~~~~
'breakfast '
&f
~10
&f""
e~1ete
you want
(the) cup
want
",,6
"";:6:.
",,6
""0'6:.'
(the) tea
ka'!
(the) corree
ef"" "";:6:.
""O'6:t
~ xff;
fi1dz4n1
e~1ete ~B
fi1dz4n1
, kar~?
a cup
tea or corree?
;:6:
1 zixar1
(the) sugar
",,6
(the) 1ellOn
ef ~
6.
f o~
""O'6:t
;:6: 6..
1em6n1
!10 !na .
zlxar1
ke
me
pol
1eni.
10 !
'
esfs
""
pfnete
you dr1nk
'Ea ""
Kaff
",,6
[Hw abut]
gart 8&S?
';
",,6
af"",
e81s.
-,
to(m)
-
you?
dr1nk
unsweetened, p1a1n
xorfs
w1thout
",,6
(the) m1k
6 af""o
6:.
-y41a
Ala.
30
do you
6:
Hw
sklt08. -1,
dr1nk
mpoB
~xo
~xete
kul6r1
ta
ku1-ya
vdt1ro
1 marme1'Zla
Iff) ~x~ !., ~
. o!~o xt -
psond
~:
mar1ie1.Zla7
ne
wtiro ke
Do
~xo
~JCUne
.~
friyanY
(the) toast
friyany~s
1.
~6 .
to
. &~ fv .
..
~;
we have
~H
6JC1, a14
(the) honey
~xume fr1'Yan~s
ke _11.
etlete%
but
'
honey.
16
11m th1rsty
~6 o~~.
(the) glass
krfos,
-, -
potIr1
-,
co1d
6 6
6<
p6so
hv
&
k4no
~,
~o
k'nun
they
xt ..
-/ . 6.
&vo;
rf, ke
ner6
16.
(tbe) vater
B4110 41na
kMU1
mucb
Yes, and
ake,
'.
tbey do
tb1rsty.
11ke a glass
Hv
do
l d
'
cold water.
naJce 1)1
x~
1 ora.xmi
(the)
i oraxmSs
1.
)'
a]%
dracbna
~6
.
~6 .
purbu.r
or~s.
eMa
(the) tip
!ka ne'
drachmas.
to purbuAr.
t1p.
arXzo
arxizi
start,
beg1n
beg1ns
x.~6o
( . K.~6-
k1nimat6yrafos
: ra aMdzi
(the)
kjnjrnatyrafos?
nov1
start1
at.
C1~( K~
st1s okt6
at eight
krima
It's a pityl
.6~.
oi6t1
because
f~vyo
ya
~ ~
1 p4tra
Patras
~( x~.
, .6~.
kr!ma.
stis okt6.
1t1
1.
leave
e1ght.
That's bad, 8
C1~( ~ . ~~
~.
t1(m) b4tra.
Be.
Narrat1ve
~ 1 .
!~~-~!!~~~.
Athens'
:!.
6 ~..
'tr1p'
Q!_!~~!e~~s .
A~6 !~_~~!!~~!2 1.
a.ft
~6.
'rrOJ
karen:!o :!ne
'taverns'
'car~'
tt1n6.
~.!:!~!! <;
~~P!~:! pol1
Are
!~!~S 3. !.
!!~~~ e~li
'he/th1s'
!~_!!~~!~~~ . .6.
kat4.
"~I~~~
you
't1cket'
they have
32
th1rsty?'
URl'f 4
~ &~ ~a&.
'always'
E~ ~& ~y ~6 y~&
st1s ept4,
~~ n&~pa.
b4tra.
ae:!na.
n&~pa ~ o~ v&
4~ 'A~, 4& ~6 ~~ ~
o~~ .
.
n&~pa ~ o~ &
Ex~ a~~~6~, ,
~ .
yua;
~a&'
8~ 6
Ixovv
, &
~6 ~a& x~ xou~
ptra
:!ne
ptra
me
pol
:!ne
pol meyll1.
ksenooDa,
pr6yevma1
makr1A apt1n
est1at6r1a,
.1
~xun kati,
y4la k8
ts4y.
~ ~ &.
friyan~s
me wtiro ke _11,
ste?
~6yo ~6 ~ o~ d:~6.
ptra 41
k1niatyratos
o~~~ 60 6.
lva
n&~pa x~
x~ 6 x~~6yo. x~
4pxtte~ ~~ 6x~.
'6 ~
4, I.6~~ 6x~ ~y ~6 ~
kt.
okt6 f.vyo ya
~ ra tvy1
_kr14,
leotor:!o?
1 p4tra apt1n
aef~7
~ ' 1 :4tral
akr1y68.
raxms,
kyarx:ls1
krt_,
11
st1.
:!1.
_l1rt.a,
tak.ld1 or401
ptra
alA
1 p4tra
totalc81d1
'1
po1f -orfo.
ke ksenoooDa.
~
'xun t.a
.teda'l
ta
keun
ra t~vyete
1
ptra
ts1y
ests ya
b:!no
8l1sta,
ku1'ya7
kat'.
kateda ~xun
()
~8?
1()
b4tra?
k1n1mat6yrato?
me
Irat.,. y4la
sk~to,
ke xorfs
yl1a.
lxun.
purbu4r, k4nun
ey ya
1,
ke ku16rya.
brUJlll&s.
1 p4tra
'1
k1n1matyrato.
: ra
arx:lz1
k1n1atyratos?
p6S0 k4n1
~na
k1n1matyrafos
:!n(e) akr1v6s?
1s1t:!r1o?
..
: marme1'a.
!!
att6s, :!ne
pMda st1s
tCl..
pso!
~ ~ V~ ~~v
~i~;
tanrnes ke katena.
,a katen:!a
me
1()
leofor:!o ya
ra~s.
kt.
eretznata
Greetings.
6 . o~
xronya
1ete
DIU
Pleaa8 tell
poli
eps1s
ard.: 8a8
8'"kal
SaIe
to you.
6 .
ka1D
K~ ..
kal! nd8os1
Good-by8 t1U
X~.
sinxarlt.ria
Congratulat1ons.
peras~
Get.
. .
acnf;
. .
~A ~x
taks
...
meet
againo
e .
perte
Af'ter 1'0'1.
st1n iy8
Would
d.
1'our hea1th.
:rou
be k1nd
..
IIIU
etxarstos
G1ad1y.
K~ !..
! ep1 tixU
k8net.e
x8ri
Do
taOr.
undertak1n)
..ra1&s
'.
~.
Grammat1cal Notes
!~!_!t.:.l
Phon010gy: Assim1lation
/p6s plMte to(n) gaf~ sas'l/
() no sk~t.o/
'1' 1eav1ng
/n/
p1us // replaced by
/m/
/n/
tor Patras.'
plus /k/ rep1aced b1' /ng/ (/tO!! ~~/_ /tO!! Iafd/ and
/k/
becore /b/,
/d/, /g/
vhen preceded by
sequence.
r0110s
the
as 1
/'ran gaf./
/n/+/p/= /rrb/
as 1
b:(no/
~ /to b!no/
/n/-t/t/=
/rd/
to11oing
patterns:
/e'10
3b
/n/
C10S8
~~~~_~~~
Au~6 L L6.
u~6 ~L .
/afts
S1nce
i t' and
he
/6/
!!
/e8i/
you
~6
/a!t6s/
he
U~~
/a!ti/
8he
-6
/aftrJ/
/em!s/
/es1.s/
U'fOt
/aft!/
they
(asc.)
/art's/
they
( )
&
/aft4/
th8y (neut.)
end1n !
(fad.l1ar)
Attent10n 1s dravn
proncuns
persona1 pronouns:
3e1i kaf~/
1 Enl1sh.
poun
oeMn.
should be noted that the th1rd person forms are al80 equ1valent
Erg118h 'th1s 1
Verb Classea
/eI10/
(and
l1sted
d1ctionar1e_)
1 !
the nrst
),
etc.
111
-4/).
be 11sted
that fON,
/arxizol
start', etc.
Greek verbs faH
the patt.ern
the1r 1nflect10n:
Class ~ - Verbs end1ng 1 unstressed - /:0/ 1 the first person s1ngu1ar, present tense.
(a) . ~~~!~~~~~_!!!~~.! i.e. verbs which have tvo sy1lab1es tu tbe t1r8t persOD s1ngular
35
2!:
pre8nt~ such
'
atI
-&
/'~o/
fxw
have' etc.
ClaS8
!~~_~:.~
Verb:
and Cla88
Iertect1ve
1 incoap1ete
or
11
be discussed
later un1ts.
8m Pertect1ve stems.
impertect1'Ve and perf'ect1vo.
8es:
8te
1JIIper!ect1ve
st111 cont1nuing
indicate
a part1cular
n ! t1Je (past~
the
present or
tuture).
Verb torms containing 8 pertect1ve
tJe
1nd1cate that
act1an
(01'
state) denoted by
tel
1Jpertect1ve 8te
18
tJe te !
ending, e.g.
Pre8ent tense
~r!!~:!!!_~!!
-&
-&-
8'1-
~x
&
fx-
&-
x~
arx!so
x~-
8r.Z-
etc.
The perf'ect1ve te 1 the 8te ! tbe 1Jp1 tuture or ! the verb (" Un1t 6.1).
~!:!_~:.~ Vrb:
~z
'ta&t.
't6v a;
9810 na t8ay.
Hcn
and butter.,
(as in
~.
f't
/mte/
')'OU
-&
1 the aboe
)6
'you'
URIT
'you'
/-1s/
()
The
conplete
/-une/
~!~!~'
"
(1)
&
/e~lo/ C"
/pfno/
.; /~x1./ &
/e~lis/ C" .;
/p1.n1s/
/~l1/ ".
/pfni/
/~xo/
&.
/~x1/
Plural
------'
(ve)
/~xre/
&
/Mlr/ C"
/pre/
(you)
'\"
/~xete/
&'\"
/Mlete/ "'\"
/pfnete/
(they)
/~xun(e)/&"
Plural
~!~
'
ipxtCw
/arXzo/
iCC
/arnzUJJl!l/
ipxtCE.I;
/arXz1s/
iPXCCE'\"E
/arnzete/
AxtcE.
/arx1.z1/
ipxtCoV,,(E)
/arx1.zun(e)/
ni18:
Plural
~!~
-
/-0/
/-U8/
-.;
/-181
-'\"
/-ete/
-.
/-11
-ov,,()
/-un(e)/
The 'tresent tense descr1bes a act10n (or state) vh1ch e1ther 1s go1ng on at
III08nt ! speech (1'm do1 80-a0d-80') ortalces place hab1tual~ ('1 do SO-ani-80).
v
The verb8
'
dr1nk' anci
'1'
dr1nk1ng',
!2~!_!!:.~ Verb
//, ipxtCw
'
beg1n' and
beg1nn1ng', etc.
1~!:!!~~!!! Bn.
". .
1 r. :ine
".
pl1 :ine
'\"6
'1'
L;
/')1.0.
1'
o'clock.
leofor:io'l
Where
the bus'l
37
~!~~2l~!_
Plural
-------
/;e/
'
//
-&
/fne/
/fu.ste/
//
2! /fste/
/fne/
Ur~mmatical Dri1l~
G.D.4.2-6
e [~yo
leofor10.
e ~KO ~na
~xis
~o
stis
btra
stis
apto
aptin aefna.
emds
~xume
em1s
[~vume
esls
es1s
r~te
stiz
aftl
~x ksenoox1a.
aft~s [~une
es!
leofor!a.
trIa
f~vyis
apti(m)
es!
estiatria.
e ! kaf'~.
o~ka
apti(n)
em1s
sti(n) da.rerna.
ksenooXo.
es!s p!nete
kaf~
xorfs zAxa.ri.
aft1 pInur.e
kaf~
me -yila.
kal6
aft
pryevma.
tsAv!ne xorfs
lemi.
i J:'Atra 1116
a1na
es1s
friyan~~s
k!nun
kafenlo
kulUrya.
ftin.
aft
ksenooox!o
~x! c~ka
Oomitia.
estiat6~io.
lm(e) e06.
afts
yAla.
estiatria ~xun
dav~rna.
lem6i.
ta
estiatr10.
6rax~s.
pol!
!ne
r.akrj4
aptin ae!na.
ra.
proksen!o !n(e)
kond4.
leofor1a
!c
kalA.
kal.
ta isit!ria ya
38
or~o.
Subst1tution-Correlaticn Dr111s
Change the forrn
1
(or nouns)
aft!
!~
parentheses.
~xo ~
8t1(m) b4tra.
kafenfo.
,
E!!:!~ y4la.
(esI,
8,
aft68,
a!t~s, .m,
art6)
enda !~!~i!) 6.
!~~
( ksenoono,
(,
E!n2
kaenoono
(ey6, afti,
tiY71
ka!'.
"tra
es!s, a!t6)
to leotorio?
68 akriA, !n(e) i
esf, aft6)
ya t1(m) bitra.
(emIs, aft!,
t. r.
aftf)
aptin aelna?
X1qttra
ukr18
il1at.a, ie 8
r80 ,ke
poll
/ :,
ilUt.a,
Ine
po]j
ix11c8810&0Xa/ ix1
p8tra,
ix1
t xun
18
pryew8
t.a estiatOria?
na
p8ra poli
xun
kaf'e
t8y
tawrne8/ 81 rat_u/
p~ k.
nw r1.
le/ lcu1rya
pU wtiro
ke ~ , {
Nliata hun/
al xun
ta
61
xun
estiatria/ n4S
&&0
ta
t8q.
kateda
8xun kate
kat.,
18
..
ps
exun
ta
kafena
nalista, 8JCU/ Cl
kulU1"ya7
CI&n
exun
8xi 1
ka!'es
ke
ta kulUrya7
_l1sta,
tav8rna?
ex1
nda
ka.;
al
!ne
e..u !,
pol
akr1v!/
6,
ey810 k8enoox:lo.
t
exi
dra
fevyet
ya ti(m) btra?
i patra kiniatyrafo?
6x:i.,
ex1/ a11.
1krB ke akr1~B.
t{
dr (a) arxizi
k1niat"(T'atos?
!n(e) akr1v6s?
enea/ st1z
81:.1s
cSeka/ s1:.18
8ndeka.
Ul1st.a, :lne
akr1VS,
a14
ine poll
kal8/
:lne
!ne p4ra
r88/
40
tlHlT S
nou
pul6
nouoaVE
pul4ne
tbey sell
no nouoaVE ./.c; c-
c:;
-f
orc.&~
or6v
C1'rc.fi
sell
parakalM
p1ease?
vl~po
to
staG4rx1s
(the) stat10n-IIBster
to(n) staGmirxi
(the) stat1on-uter
or6v
C1'rc.fi;
ivvo
en06
to
ivvoeiorE
eno!te
6 U4.o;
1"'111os
( ) eq:1oyee
vho.
1 p6rta
(the) door
."
"BvoetorE
W6porc
or6v
W&...o, no<
c .. !.&o<1'f6
cm orlv
pd
.an
ou eM
1
h1.
the
front
ep10yee
(vho
1)
door?
b6rta?
c, ( nouoaVE
orf).c.
141110,
w6porc:
6-.C1'rC,
enofte
or6
ek!
there
1 G1rIba/G1r!s
Yes.
Glr!6a pu pul4ne ta
oer ther~
isitir1a.
tickets.
1ow
-,
rtcs,
&faL ()
-i,
first
i Msi(s)
&f
pr6tis
6 &&
& ~ &
&.
10 ~na
(the) willdow
isit!r10 pr6t1s
~BEOB,
to par!eirc
f ELaLT~PLO
&f,
ases
kondi sto
f\ar40iro.
-,
c1stix6s
-
unfortunate1y
-
610s, -i,
a11
61es
1.
&f.
i eisis
(the) seats
.'
i amaksost1xfa /
(the) tra1r.
Tpfvo
to trlno
' L-
in this trairl
stlxIa
Lf, -, -
pyazninos, -i,
.f
p~B
6 w.6 t
to
~ &.
1.
vagoH
st1s,
61es 1
& '
t1s
&aoo. .
..
st1xIa, !ne
& a6 6
rts e~secs
!. &.
a1!
6 .
~ka sis
aft
to
taken, occupied
taen.
tr~no, ~xi
vagon1S.
tra1r..
excel1ent
prct1r6
tc prefe-r
1 e140a
st1n
e14a
Do you want
eavm4s1a
&
&cX.
th1s tra1n
p,~z~B.
Be1ete . ,
'&
Greece
[]7
UNIT S
K-&~. ( )
i kaeistlrisi(s)
(the) de1ay
mnya pu
since
Q.! o~. ~6
rtim
eavrnasia.
', . ~ ~
vagonlf, mnya pu
" f ~ -&
t~na
..
stir: e1ioa,
Exce11ent.
prefer the
~6 '
fXE~E '
~xete f\cvo
you're
'
riy~no
ka61:
y~yo
yrfyora
wEXE~E ',
O!kyo
~xete fJ;yo
~ '
tr~na ~ ri~nun
6 ~yo.
kaecnu yrJyora.
t'i~ht
go
at a11
~6~
t6te
then
.6
l16
vell
.'
l1r1rfa
(the) 1nformat1on
t '
lir1rfs
(the) p1ecEs
<n ;~~rtE,
x.~ . ~'
kefxar1st6 ya t1s
p1irofaries ke to
and the
inf~rmation(s)
cket.
1s1 t:ir1 .
~6 6
sto ka1e
sto ka16.
taksiCj.
k ka1c
:;000 bye.
a njce trip:
Re sr'onse Drill
----~----------'
p~
pul4ne lslt!ria?
ti isitjrio
~ll
aftbs
eplv4tis?
J~ll ~na
sto
~I~) dles i ~BlB saft!tn) tin
lslt!rl0 pr6tls
',
Oka
Nl1sta, t!xi
atts epiitls?
:1.:1
p4nda
6x1~ ~ p:1y!nun
jne
pyaz~r.es.
ta
kae61u
yr!ora.
arlend
. lc
lkosi~na
tet.)' 08
. ~o
ikos:1bio
tent)' to
". ~c:
lk081trfa
tventy three
. ~ac
:1kos:1t4!sera
tent.y ur
'. y~
lkoslpfnde
tent.)' 1e
'. .
1kosi'ks1
tent.y 81
. tn~~/EtoaI. t~~
lkos1ept4/1k081ett4
tent.y _'V.
. 6x~/o. 6x~
lkoslokt6/1k081oxt6
t.vent)' e:1gbt
EtoaI. lvvfc
lkoslen!a
tent.y
~.~y~C
trlMda
t.hirt.y
~.~y~C Ec
tr1anda~na
th1rt)'
C~y~C
sarinda
tort)'
sarandana
tort.y
t1ft)'
~~c
..
fl
t~na
ka~lstirls1.
e1Joa?
C~y~C
konda
st!sls vagonl!.
vaf.on1!,
el!a
!n:ln
~BEOB,
arir.
kond4 _to
8ta9m4rxls.
amaksostix!a pyaznAr.es?
~x1
n1ne
an
urr
Narrat1ve
~_~~~ y~ ~6
10 2_~~!~!
A~o Q.1_1~~n~l.
~/~c.
o&~ 21 vc~
p1yAn1 sto
'peop1e, vor1d'
ka!en!o.
aft1 !_!~H! pu1ADe 1s1t~r1a.
'ep1o,yees'
'1ts" 'h1s'
'HC.
'
~6 ~_c!~~e~, t VC ~
'porter'
"o~ .6.
u-r~ ~_~~f!2! t VC ~
ka1a.
ycf.
~!_c!~~~~~~~ t VC ~
---------~/~o.
:!~~ t VC ~ C (c
'1111&18'
b6rt.a.
~!! staQ~s, 1 Ana
'su1tcase'
eyal1.
~ ,,6'.
Jto& '6 Ix~ Ivc -
prefers'
'each. ever.r'
kafen!o.
atts 2_!E!!~~!! ~ '1
'passenger'
1s1t!r10.
s!era t'yo
--- -
'toda.;y'
'da7'
'he'
~~~~' -4. -6
&~!. -'. -6
'vho.
'
6 VC ~ w ~ o&up C6c
ncfo~ - ~/~C ov~cf
6~ vc~ 6 ~&x.
one'
610 kZ...
!ne
staomtrx1s.
pr6t1s
p1&ZlInes.
ol o&~ ~o vc~ ~c
. 6 6 o~~~ ~6
~6~~
al4
~.
p1y~nj 01
Cxo&o6o ~ ~ C C ~
61es 1
.1
t1s
sto
staOIII
1p4rxi ep!s1s
k~na
b1st1Xs
~BO
~6 ~o&6 icfx~ K~ vc
~o cC~ oc,
h1ch
~xi
p4nda
k6zmos prot1m41 to
yr!yora,
tr!n
1t1 aft
kae1st~ris1.
pu
leotorl0
! L
&,& L tL ,
L' tL &L
L' tL CL.
tis
~1 aposkev~s.
tu, kfstera
r1~n1
. p~!
ID(8)
Ana
art.b
apto(n)
sta9n?
da
se
~07
p~!
!n(e)
61e8 i
sta9mArxis7
kondA
6ra.
brost! sti(n)
61
par!eiro
protimAi
~x1 aft
staen7
~ saft
pyaa_nes.
1eoforlo
6xi, i
sattb
~1
1e!r0 ~
!ne
pye.
10s kZmos7
1eo!orlo
v14pete kond4
protim4i
trino, pu piyt!n1
kaBis~risi?
U1sta, ~x!
p4nda
1eo!orl07
v1Apete t!nan
~0!6ro.
isitfr1a.
t!na leo!orfo.
to(n)
gat~
"fT!yora.
ka1st!r1si.
pol{
!.
tu.
stan
pi~n1
k!ni lstera?
or~a ir~ra
pu
an!neS
1r:la,
k6zmos.
ip4rx1 sto(n)
tr~no.
pyazn!nes7
410
tu sto
gaf~
taks:lo1.
10 kZmos
~!
to(n)
100 kZmos7
sti
i 1pili1i pulAne
slmera i
te !~y1
me tis va1itses ke
slmera?
. p~ 10 kSmos
sti(n)
tu sto
!.
pi~n1
slmera7
16
taksfoi.
slmera.
Grammatical Notes
!C!~_5.:1...
Phono10gy:
The V'owe1
apoM.
10ss.
the door.
sart
In that bus.
n11A10
Vwe1
1eotorio.
vords ending
d1scussed
a V'ove1 and
tollwed
by a vord
beg1nn1rg
Note 1.5.
The abve ex.amples 111ustrate the assim1lat10n ! V'owels 1 the prepos1t1ons /S8/
lat~ 1~ ' and /ap6/ 'trom~ oE~ than' betore vwe1s vh1ch are the Be~ (/apo/+le?J6/_
/apo6/ and /se/+/att6/./sattI) and 10ss ! V'owe1s 1 prepos1tons betore consonants (/se/
Note 5.1.1
. 6
10 k6zmos
everybody
CM't
stiz ~
at ten 0'c1ock
i prezvia
the Enba8sy
The cob1nat10n !
/s/.
crrtt;
Iote
5.2.
/ZJt.
V'oiced consonant.
Thus
oun
Cases
dog.
!!!
b1t
b1t
dcg.
~!~.
Not1ce that the pronoun has one shape (~!) when 1t's the subject ! a sentence~ and
a d1rterent shape (~~) vhen 1t's the object ! a sentence;
only one
shape~
Greek the
oun
the subject-shape
(There used
be a 'case'-system
47
nninat1ve
The
singular 1. al50
'name !orm',
on
/apt1(m) brt.a/,
C1't6
1.
used when a
f- -6 --&
- Lcr.-f)
or ! a prepos1t1on as '/ 6-
-&
The gen1 1ve (possess1 ) case 1s generally equ1 valent to Engl1sh possess1 !orms
l1ke
~r.!~!
~~!:!_~~~
or
~~,~,
or to phrases 1nvolv1ng
'!': ~!_~~~_~!~.
- -6 C1't-&&;
])
you
the stat1on-
master?
! . -&
a - cr.-f)..
-&.
C1't6
-&.
d ! () i
ira pu
pul8ne ~ 1s1tir1a.
~lo . 1 k0nd8
to pal'le1ro.
.- . -
.
e!xarist
18 t1s
pUrotor!es.
' coMpl~
set
48
the accusat1ve
Indefinite article
------------------
m.
~Cl;
Noa.
I!nas
Cl
Acc.
f.
d.
I!na(n) CI()
or
rrJ4
.&
I!na
Cl
ma(n)
Cl
Defin1te artic1e
----------------
5g.
t.
Acc.
'f6v
detiaite
'f~v
to(o)
'f6
ti(n)
'f6
'f0~';
artic:les may
hae
. . .,
t.
a.
'f&
ta
tus
'ftc;
tis
'f&
ta
a1teraate tOI'Jll8
ton, tin
. ., to,
(1D
t1.
!!!!!?!!!
2!:
tr08l
te
door
apti b6rta
1! !aan staWxi.2!:
ato
Betore
art.1cl8
are
voels
'f6v
/ton/,
lCl
2!:
6
rde1ai. uculiD8
mS 4/.
on
vll!po
CJ/ /.&Cl
st10
stat1oa-aster.
! A84rx.
y]Jpo
stoa
... a
tea1n1ae
1r! respect1~, ..
11)41110
eB10yee
!aaa axot6ro.
eUa
110 Greece I
/da/2"!
8 c ...
8.10 d. el!si.
a seat.
another
nbaY.
-----
Greek nouns can be stressed either the Iast syIIabIe (e.g. Ifititisl 'student').
the second syIIabIe from the end (e.g. Inaftis/'saiIor'). or the third syIIabIe fro~ the
end (e.g. laneropos/'man').
I~~~~~
'nouns;
those stressed
'~~~~~~'
~~E~~~~~~'
ncuns,
nouns.
Declension
30;
'L 6
eno!te
. '~
6;
b6rta?
3. 6
9~10
3.
YLa
ipali10 pu
brosti apti(m)
'd
wind~.
paraOiro.
-
the door?
for!es.
6 6 .
uim vagonl.
i ipnili pu pulane ta
L~L.
isitria.
/ton ipalilo/,
( ) 3tOL/da
I~M
eesil
Itis pIiroforiesl
Lf)L
Ita
lsitria/.
three decIensions:
e.g. L~
l1l '8tudent'
Iasl 'seargent';
Ier10/'area',
IkarfJ.1 'heart',
Inft1s/'sailor' and
Ikira/'lad', 3&
-----------------
10 aoelf6s1 'brother', 6
10 SI 'man, 6
li o66sl 'street'.
1-181
l-a81
1-11 E.g.
nEPLOX~
aL
IUfJ.lasa/ 'sea'.
I-os/. e.g.
11 pfJ.rosl 'Paros'.
"-
UJm' S
/i 6i!kSs/ 'out1et' and a11 neuter nouns ending in - /-0/, e.g. -r6 x~y6 8vy6/
-r'cx-rt-r
1!/ 'sh1p',
/t,o
/tattoknito/
'ear'.
er.diIIfS.
Th1s c1ass
F1rst
ueclenaioa
Second
--
--08
Declens10n
Third
(1ater)
Dec1ens10n
---------
'1ad1es',
/nAftes/ 'saHors',
6
'
/lox!.es/ 'sergeant8'
uC
/k1rfes/
/k6res/ 'daughters'.
-. /1/, e.g.
fo
/.ta/ 'stat10ns',
/nosok6J1/ 'ed1c.'-V.cm.
.Iop1/'e',
60
// 'streets' ,
.t60.
/a"..,4/
CCI
'eggs',
Koc
/61Ikso1/ 'outle~.'
/ -, e ..
/pl1.a/ 'sh1ps,
CV<fOKt
/ aftokfn1 ta/
'cars 1
~!::~~_2:Z
Noun:
AccU.8t1e
case.
to1lcN8a
/e/.
&
11
. .-r-rcxt
. cx&-rcx C
kae1yiW/ 'professors'
51
/1 rit1~~/ 'students 1
/1 mae1t~/ 'puplls', etc.
j.asc;lir
~!~!!!
.
~!~!!
aelf6s
.6
kiniat6yra!os t
6( )
.6
ton
(v)
aJelf6
01.
aelf!
. 6yao .
k1nimat6yraf1
v '
tus
ao_elNs
tus
k1n1matoyr4!u~
ta
tr~n&.
to(n)g1n1r.atyra!o .; . '!: v
Fem1n1ne
-------(same as mascu11ne)
Neuter
~:.
Plural
~!E~!!!
to
tr4no
to
kser,oboX
ta
ksenoboXIi
to
trlno
TcX
ta
tntna
ta
kseno<:oxfa
to
ksenoOoXo
stressed
erd r
L~6
Sir.
?l.
~G L~&v
! S
in declensions is d:iscusscd
Adject1ve:
Note
).1
ElvaL
and femin:ine
r.rcrcrcxvtcne nours
shifte~
to the second
k1nimat6-,rafos
detail
1 ~ote 7.2.
ccusat1ve
was stated that Greek adjectives agree with nouns wh:ich they mod1fy
(e.g.
r)
t!om.
'l'he sh1ft
~~~!-~~~
":asouljre
IkaH ireral and with those which they refer to (e.g. &.o~
11 ip41lli
Jl!
The commonest type ! adject1ve 1s the wh1ch has the ending - /-osl for the
-
nascu11ne,
Ika.H/,
I-os/,
6 Ika161
I-a/,
or ~o lor~os/,
lora/,
~o
lr/.
nascul1ne
[~
1-11 or
nouns
fors
! adject1vs !
loofl/.
Mc6; cG~;
;'.
~6
cc6 cv~
cco
ka168 n'tt1s
Plural
.
~ovI;
c~;
ccv ci~
kal!
n4rtes
tus
kalds n4ftes
2!~~~!~!:
cc
'.co.
cc
cc' C (c
, ,
cc
~!~~;!~~
~C
ti (n)
53
kal!
ke
or~a
tav~rna
ga-l
ke o%'1!a
tav~rna
1-01.
1
Plural
Nom.
.-
ka!s
ke
Acc.
tis
kall!s
ke ordes
or~es tav~rnes
tav~rnes
~!!?~~!~!:
Nom.
.6
akriv~
ksenoooxIo
Acc.
.6
to
akriv
ksenoooxIo
Plural
Nom.
&
.&
ta
akriv!
ksenoooXa
Acc.
&
.&
ta
akriv!
ksenoooxIa
~2~~_2:2
Class 11 verbs.
me sinxorte
Excuse me.
parakal6
oi oi <1.~.;
! pul!ne isit:tria7
6 &
enolte ipililo. pu
noG
. & d:n' / 6;
6 .&. 6 .
afts
i ..
sas efxarist6
protimAi to tr~no.
detail
later units.
At this point
student
should 1cnw only that these verbs (1.e. the first person singular) end 1 a stressed
/-6/ and that their third person s1ngular and second person plural are as
~:!~ __ 2!~~~_~!~:
~!:!!_E!~!!._;?!!?S!.
~_E!~!!~2!!.
s1nxor6
'
excuse'
s1nxon
s1nxorlie
paraka16
'
beg'
parakal
parakal!te/parakal'te
efxarist6
'to thank'
efxaristf
efxaristfte/efxar1st4te
protim6
'to prefer'
protim4i
prot1m4te
pul6
'
pu141
pu14te
eno6
'to mean'
enoi
enofte
seU'
follws:
".
rr
Grammatical Drills
G.D.S.S-7
er1v4is ine6.
ep1vAtes ine06.
sta3n4rx1s
staeArxes n06.
1nec6.,
l~po ~141.
ra .
rta !
1m!ra
l~~o
tus sta)marxes.
staBn6.
i rtes !n r.ik~s.
aCt~s i
oeksi4.
ln(e)
t~s eiv4es.
i amaksost1x!a 1nek!.
vllpo
o~.
p1iroCorfe&4
~ kal~s.
aCtl 1 tavlrna,
01!
p1ydnume stl( )
dav~rna.
ka1!.
aft!
stis prezvfE&.
amak&ostiXe&,r.vyun
lpur.e
tin
amaksost.iXa.
010
vllpume
18
b6rta.
'lllpume
6ra.
piylnun st1s
kmo8
1nek!.
&ta&
ta~rnes.
!ne ka16&.
!
att! 1
lpA1i10s
&ek&ii.
11111
51n
~o.
a,tr1
sto(n) &taem6.
i staGnd
.,1lIo to(n)
g6zno._
to(n)
vllpume
aCt&
&taen6.
I!XUI!II!
1p411l0.
aft!
vl~pume
ton ax90r6ro.
aft
ksenoOoxl0
aft
leofor!o
'
BIl
makri!.
! m
tus axBof6rus.
&tus k1n1:natO)T4tus.
aftl .
5'5
:ney4li
510 1raH1us.
py~llll!
! l! ka.
ka11.
a30Cr08
v1~pume
ae 010 6res.
leoforla
ka1A.
proksen!o
aft
! oeksi~.
~ft
piy~nu~e
vl~puMe
.. bomAtJa
aft~
makrJa.
pi~nun
sta
! mey~la.
~xun ..
pi~nuMe
e~lun
tr~na.
leoforia.
vl~~j ..
prokseno.
isit1ria.
..
or~a Oo~tia.
~nas
epiv4tis, ineo6.
~nas
~XUMe ~na(n)
~nas
piy~ni
:d..
e~lune
se mia fticl
[~
poli akrivo.
pi~nume B~M
estiat6rio,
~na
~na
leofor!o,
p~
~xun
lxun
stin ae!na.
ta~rna.
mla pliroforla.
mikrt.
~na
ga16 ip!lilo.
ston axeof6ro.
piy~nume
ftin~.
ksenoooxfo.
sto leoforio.
to
ta estiatoria
aft~
vl~pume [
.. proksenla
se mJa
i~ra.
meyAlo estiat6rio.
~na nikrc!
~na kalc!
ksen(){;oxio.
leoforio.
Substitution Drills
-------------------
the
fllwing
the right
~_!;!!~~! Jneld.
kc!zmos
41,
ineo6.
~~_~!~~~~~2
.
tr~no,
G.D.3.'
leofor!o, tavlrna.
the ri[ht
the nouns.
endis!s !
agree with
ne
1__nliroforla_
..
kalf.
kseno6oXo,
l~ra
-------
ksenoooXo,
kal.
fne
~_!!!!!~!
1 prezvfa,
m1kr6s.
tr~no,
O.D
staem6s, i tavirna,
katenfo,
l~ra,
aXof6ros.
estiat6rl0,
tav~rna,
staem6s, 1
staem6s,
l~ra.
6omftl0.
leoforfo, i tavlrna.
estlat6rio,
klnlmat6yrafos.
klnl~t6yratos, 0m4t10.
ka!enIo,
estiat6rl0,
S.1
the rlght
the
st.a86s, ksenooxfo,tavt!rna.
!_~!!~!!!!
afrs,
eksi.
follving
sentences.
!_!E!!!~! 1nekf.
fne
ll!oloro.
prezvIa,
IV 0.D.5.8
Do the same substitutlon and change the torms
or
:. t~ted.
L~~!!
!ne m1krls.
prokseno,
!_!!!!!!
!ne orles.
staa6s,
tav~rna, klninat6yrafos.
leo!orfo, Oom4tl0.
~o,
prezv'a,
ka1f.
p6rta,
L!~!~ !ne m1 .
~o,
pl~M
sta6A6s.
leoto, mft10.
glnilll8tyra!2
eIlete
estlat6rio.
~x1 100
estlat6rio ya
sto(n) glnimat6yra!o'l
p~
6,
piy~nete
k4ae
~ra
Ine ka16
tc
pfnete
pl~nete
! ~B!
p~
gaf~,
sto
kafenf~
protlmAte sto
pul!ne
ts4i sas'l
ya to(n)
gaf~
sas?
isitlria ya to
tr~no?
In(e) 1 p4tra?
sto
estatri'l
es'.iatri?
ksenooox!o sas'l
57
p6s pi)'t1nun'l
p~ !
tr~no'l
ryeYBa'l
RIVIEW
------
(tm1ts
1 -
s)
Il!:!!!_~~~~_~~~
!!~2!~~~!~
!!~!~!:!~
Lettl'8
-------
Sounds
/a/
!~!!:!:!!!
~!!!!!
/'JA/
'...11'
/8/
/eartV
/8/
/k4/
'and'
/1/
/&!
'ch1ld '
/1/
/1rlni/
'peace'
/1/
/ikr'rdA/
'I~'
/1/
/k6r1/
'daughter'
/1/
/{pnO/
'sleep'
/1/
/UpO/
'8leeple88,
/168/
'son'
.,
/1/
/1/
"
/proiI
'norn1ng'
, , ,
// arter C08.
8Dd
/b.r&/
'beart '
bol'8
'Ywe1a.
/~
'vork'
/W68/
'vh0 1
./&
/toly8J
'nelrt.'
-&
/al.eya/
'truth'
/re/
'he drank
/6rra/
' h1
/6pro/
't1cb (n)
!S
/6pr1/
'thoee'
/ner6/
'atr'
or
stressed
SClllet1e
al80
betore unstressed
P11S-/
' 'hol1day'
/0/
/0/
/a~pV
'Il~I
/u/
/uranIa/
'Bq'
58
Rev1ev , - 5
!!"!!f&!~
LetteZ'8
------
~~
Q!!!~
"
--
(betON
I.,O,u/
conaant8 )
axI
!E!!!!~~S!
!!!!!~
r1
'l'81'
/krel.t1I
'bed'
y~",:
I-r:.ta/
'cat'
y6n
y/pa/
'C1pNtte
butt.'
...
yououvt.
ymln1/
'1'
"(~o
' ImCIII'
yuaCMa
!
I'T1n&b./
/'I4rf:AI
'ald'
/w81Ia
'd.1tt'
!yxuc
Iaq1za!
'8DCbor'
/i.l,./
'anpl'
rx/
!.
~M
'opent.1c'
6/
&bo/
'
;~
./
'Ut.'
&
A&~c
.e.r.;
/kI
/Dl.,
'A.th818
' ....
6.
/k.tr-I
'Nd'
",6 K(iPLO
~ (betore 1,./)
--v----
--
(-)
+"
/ !!:
-n
/bI
-n-
/bI
'tb8
(ace. )
.i".
/lW1/
,~
l.
I.1,.
'tber'
",!c
I81tAra/
'tber'
c,./
'ptsMtet,
JInCc
/bira/
'beer'
nf.
~1/
or
'Y1e7&Z'd'
I..Wl1/
11.,...
tei"oI
rc/
rJ.no/ or
'VCIII8D '
a6
r&6a
'teIle
!.a
IeniaI
'ean1ng'
59
'
~!!~~!:~~
~2~~
~H'!!.'!
Cl!.'!!!
!!.'!!!!!:!1~!2!!
~B!!!~
/d/
/du1&p./
'ardrobe'
/nd/
/I.rdru/
'an
/ks/
!kseroa/
'stranger'
(-)
/r;/ 2!:
gzero/
--
/'/
--
(-)
/b/
/patIJru/
'tather'
/papas/
'priest'
betro/ 2!:
'Feter' (acc. J
Itobtro/
/r/
--
/8/
/rUtu/
'tailor'
6..
/ap6riP81~/
'reject.ior'
..f
./s1r'/
--
h1Jn'
/rb/
' knw
rgzro/
/ngz/
2!:
'ro'
/&la-
'a8a'
/k6uoa/
'yorld'
/na 1;
'111 order
see
tJer '
/8/
.6
lter6/
',..ather'
//
/tJ..ioa/
'hneat'
/at1Jd/
'Att1Ja'
'1 ~M
--
(-)+
/d/ ~
/st1ndr'fJZa/
/nd/
(-)
/ts/
Its1""ro/
/dz/ 2!:
/sti dzep1!
/dZ/
//
(arter
2r
/st111dzep1/
/ndz/
-nIt'
vo1celess cons.)
/dziezikas/
'c1cada '
/att6s/
''
betore
/ert1/
60
'bappy'
Rev1ev , - 5
~!!!!f!:!~
2!!!~
~~
Let.tel'8
-------
ll (atte1'
betore
ywe18
~!~!:!f!:!~
!!s!!!!!
laYY6/
'-'
(~-r
lrit.oal
'..11_ '
IrUoal
'tr1eDd'
6\10
I~I
')'8&1'1
.\l
lzi.ahal
'1Jrt8I"
Ir-I
x~
/r-I
'8aul'
/bs/fl!
-r6\1
(-\1)+
bs4tt1/
1tb8 1181"
(acc. )
1. .1
/bsett1/
6,
G REEK
BASC
COURSE
Review Drills
Fi11 in each blank with the proper form
ou,
the right.
it is a
~2~!
eXUJ1le
i patra
prezvia
staem6s
stin e103oa.
proksenio
makria apoOO.
eka
x:i1ymetro
oomat.io
. ,
lJIIera
ena
ee1une
a!t
ka16
estiat6rio
ex
to treno
1eoforio fevyi
xu
ka1es
6
ra
---------
ka103
stin e180a.
1eo!orio
ka.fes
xris
atts
exo
okt
stis
kulUri
_________e
orax!
arxizi
k1n1Jat"(!'atos
___________
- ---------
sti(lII) b8tra, ine
apoO
i ipalil1 pu18ne
afts :
ee1ete
x:i
ipililos
8lrx.
iPlili.
tu xi
prta
ka1a
vUt.iro
!riyanys
manel'oa
atto
8tO stamQ
lne
vlepete
aftos
isitirio
to omatio
taksioi
lne
i e180a
IIIeyU.O.
ner6
tu.
aposken
staemarxis
artQ to 1eoforio
Mka
valtsa
epivatis
----------
62
Rev1ev , - 5
a!t8 _ _
!ne pol!
meyi.la.
att! protisAi
paraBiro
treno
amaksost1na
&n xete
- ------ ine
pol!
makru
apo.
exete &io
8att.
to
kalS
e&t1atrio
to 1s1t.ir1o
&8
pol
to kr88! :lne
!ne
AIV&
tavernes 1neJd.
ttins
OOit1a.
vlipi to
________ 1
krO&
leotorio.
S1
:ne
pya-'nes.
llto~) &n.
oa
--Verb
&1nxor
pol!.
888
_&
&8
ef'xar1&t6
&iqo.
1..1111.
8&1&
atte8
&n
.r. 88
y8la.
t
88i&
. .
t!
----- t
stiz
k1n1matyratos
180trla ~
t.a
&bera
ed&
ta
l'ts
"'la,ke kuldrya.
88
8S:1&
i
ta
---------t!
&.
arx!zo
te'9'yO
rna.
vl&po
prot.in
parakal
iplili
eno6
1sitiria.
pu
pol! yri"(Wa.
piyeno
6)
( ;
t! kanete2
!"
are you?
kr10S
(the) gentleman
k:r1e
sirJ (voc.)
L.
si ynmi kirie.
Lvv.
1ca18 xr1stuyena.
s1ynmi
Lv, -, -
ett1x1zmeDOs,-i,-o
hapPy
LvL, -, -
kenr~'os, -a,-o
new
xrnos
(the) year
L LL
.
e1"t1x1znenos kenkyos
'
xrcnos.
na sas
1 abert/aelf
66
aerts/aelts
('the) brother
DIU
6 .
na
&.
mu, ke ton
aerr
mu.
epi trpB
\.
na atto-
meet
s1ster
and brother.
allo
Al.lw
me
1ntroduce
yse]J'.
sisti.
1
( .
k1ra
ara
xero
(the) lady
poll,
k1ra
L
.
Lv(
, L(
i t1Jn:!
meyal1mu1 timi.
1m
madam.
mu.
ep1 tr&pste mu
( ,
s1st!so t1n
aerr
~L
L
s1sts
oesp1IUs
eSin
(my) }/I.1ssJ
efxaristis nu.
-,
katayoyteVlllenOS,
-i,
.a
i "I1'10r1Ja.
uv ~
(the) aequa1ntance
katayoyt.eMnos apt1n
1'11
ncrimia .
. ,.
6 MU. ~.
o~ . .
mu.
yL
..
~. 6 .
lv .. .& '.
del1ghted to have
your aeqa1ntance.
3,
~36 .i Iv.
6 36 . . .
. 3 . .
& . ,
Eva
..
. .6, . o~ 6.
..,
1 .. l. lCC, oOlft ~.
lxouv
. oo~.1I,
Uv. ..
~ . o~ .
o~ .
'
o~o M:t 46 ~
~. , ~.
6 . ' ~
. ~.
4 ~vc v.
-. o~ ., .., ~
i.
6 .
.' .
.. ~. 6 ~. ~ oOlf"' .
..
-. . o~ 36.
36 .
34 .'
xat 6 .
Un1t 6
p1n6
be hungry
bor6
be able
na i40
..
t:in6.
pd
br
na i40?
1'11
eat
hungry.
Where can
eat?
",
1 kuzfna
p4e
let's go
",.
tav~rna ~xi
aft! i
kal1 kuz!na.
p4J()
Let' s go there.
e1d.
",,6
",,6
06
ed
rxpa6v,
",,6
06 xa.
gars6n
eoo
g&rs6n.
(the) va1ter
(the) enl1
para-
Wa1ter!
pleasel
kal.
k84!ro
knw
~'t'./
6t1/p6s
f"skos, irfsk;ya,
fresh
a.
't'6
frfsko
't'6 """
6't'.o,
't'6
(conj.)
-,
psu1
(the) fish
kot6pulo
( ) ch1cken
n6st111108, -1,
kreas
tasty, pretty
(the)
neat
bords
ve can
& .
na
that
0""1.
~xo"
dr1nk
66
~, ~6u
pS~~fa,
6 f.
ke
~ ~o;
ka1a kot6pu1a,
01 nstim
borWre
a1A t!
kreas.
na
good
chickn(s)
mat
here.
and
vry
tasty
('can') we drink?
pyUm?
~6 {C
to
i b!ra
(the) beer
i retsfna
a kind
~~ ' 6
I10
a Greek a1coh01ic
kmos
~ {C, l
pjni
~o
" ~.
a1a em1s
resinated wine
~ve~ybody
rtsfna.
.c~
na
that
pite
l3v~6c;, -~,
-6
ttIat is to say
eanik6s,
~6 o~6
tc pot6
to
~ 3~ ~ ~~
-,
~ouc; o~6;
eJnik
to
~ZO
tus
~i1aoj 9~1ete
ti
-6
say
nationa1
(the) beverare, dr1nk
k6
~6 { l~ ~6 l3v~6
p!te.
jne to
tus pot6?
~6 ~
to arMki
(the) 1amb
~6 t/~6
to fa!/fayit6
(the) food
~ ~/y~
ta favVfayi
1.
~ l~ ~6 ~
~6 3~6 ~ouc;
cpcxt;
bevenge
1~mb
national food?
t/f~
~os/vIvea
crtain~y, !
~6 u~
to suv1'ki
(th)
~ u~
ta
1.
musak~s
(thE) lT!usaka
6)'1oS
as
suv1~kya
67
their
course
shishkebab
/...
ke ta lir<1.
v~vlos,
ep:isis
, a
suvlakya,
ke ta lira.
as well as
etc.
epJsis ta
musakas,
musaka, etc.
oldm8zo
to taste
-&
ea
'U
amso&
, -, -
perffjmos, -i,
8/8
i 6reksi(s)
6 -&
00ld1ue
try,
'u
t.ute
right avq
-
famous
(the) appeti te
ta per!fima fayit!
tood r1ght
S.
tus.
6 , .
to(n)
kal! 6reksi.
loyaryazm6s
10ya~razm6
q.
Check, please.
ka.
'.
a)l!~sos.
Useful words
6
to py4to
(the) plate
max~ri
(the ) knife
to kutali
(the) spoon
6 .
to
pirU
(the) fork
ala.ti
(the) salt
pi~ri
(the) pepper
i petsta
(the) napk1n
(the)
6 6
to payot6
(the) ice
i p.4sta
(the) pastry
ci
payos
(the) ice
to krasf
(the) wine
ylik6
68
!Dj07';Y0U1'
Bv&
creu
uoua
L;6
i brjz61a
(the) steak
~~
i naMtes
(the ) pot.atoes
ta 1axanik!
(the) veretab1es
i sdpa
(the) soup
i saMta
(the) salad
~6 u~tv~
to an.o1dn1 to
(the) car
VLd
aOUna
~:!~~!!_~!:!!!
'
fx1 att! i
a~1ete
tav~rna?
att! i t. avfrna
na pAte ek1?
!1
kal! kuzJna.
vevdos.
! l~te garsn?
kaU kot6pula, ke
1! nstim k~as.
bon1me na
pyUne'l
bo~
na pydme dzo,
kmos
m!pos
ke
uzo !ne
eenik6 tus
ksirete,
. e6?
enik
:lne
tus ta:l?
p!ni 610s
fne.
arn4ki.l ta suv14kva, ta
pB4r:a,
ke . 1ip4.
G~lete
na
.okisete
art.A ta rayit4'l
Narratie
6 ~6 .l.
E1VaL
6, -~,
6. !!~~ arn4ki
-6
~~ .~ U6pxouv ~~~~~
".
!ne n6stimo.
roasted,
aked
psit6s, -1, 6
stin
_!
ipuxun
E~M
ksenoc)ox!a.
~u ~!!!.
money
~e!~!~ .
IT.ust, have to
.vou can drink
~!~~ ~ ~ ~
Lu ~ uL.
Mo~
!2
L~
daverna,
when
50kimasume ta suvl!kya.
bor1 te
na W te
69
it (as an obj.)
musak4s,
o,n/o
whatever
~~_~~!~
that you
6 .
to treno.
ITI
~~_~a~ ;
~elete
na fate
musak~7
6 ~x ~2~~~E~~.
afts
exi oeka
~ol~ria.
to
6 ocX.o
6 6 !x~.!: -
-------
dcl1ar
bol~rio
ccsts
oolaria.
~xo 6 .
.
. 6 6 f ~x. .
t 6 ~.K6 6 6 . '~
.6. .
~ .
6.
~ .
~x. ~ ..
6 . 6
OK.u ~ . 6.
~ ~ " .
!xun
tav!rnes
ixun 6ti
stln e146a?
!lete.
briz61es, kot6pula,
.
laxan1k4, ke
~xun ~ZO aft~s
m41ista,
ta~rnes?
~xun
Bda.
6,
sa14ta, friska
111'4.
pol:f kalQ
~zo,
ke pol:f kal!
rets!na.
~
py6s
akrlv6 krasl i
k.s
p~ bor~te
rets~na7
protim41 tl(n)
art!
rets!na~
pu ~
soles tis
na pylte uzo?
[1.
tav~rnes,
ke
estlat6ria st1n
elAca.
t:! preri na k4nete otan jste stin
pr~ri
aina?
konda sti(m)
?6s lne
fa1
ek~7
70
pol:f
breva.
ke nOstimo.
ru
~ne
UHIT 6
p6so 4xi
! . 41te
.
~na 1.
musakAs ekl?
na
kAnete Jt.1no\sete
ta
ea
e~lete
1 ra.
t1(n}
daIrna?
Grammat1ca1 Notes
Hote 6.1 Verb: ruture
Class
verbs.
~&u -r~
. k1sume
fCly-r~ -rou~.
&-r y~
ta
perf1ma
fay1t' tua.
nfJyatve-re
aouB
food.
ea e.1ete na
p1~nete
/ .
611
you
111
be v1sh1ng
go
1e.
1 ra.
(v1th except10n ! t,he present teM vh1ch 1s alvays 1mperfect1e) the future can be
e1tber
1pertect1ve
The
tbe pertectlve u
or pertect1ve.
'S1Ile
be referred
an1
Future .
f-r y~ nfJyc:tve-re
. ! / l:Jc:.
4!lte
na
p1~nete
ek!, you'll be
11 1 ra.
al1
v18b1n
go there
t1ne.
Th1s tense 1pl1es a ccmt1nuous act10n 1 the future ('1'11 be d01ng 8o-and-80) and
1s a cb1nat1on ! tbe vord
/ea/ ( 0&' /-/ before /a-/) v1th the verb fors 1 the
8ct
. !no
~ra.
kras!
84
cr~ & .
smal1 nwnber
e.g. ~ ~x
sas v1.po
~ ~ra.
verbs vh1ch do not have a perfective stem, have on1y one future tense,
/ea ~xo/, .
!~~!_~:.!.:.~ S1I1e
/ea e/.
Future
~ .6 -r~
-r~ -ru.
ea
C>okirnAsue
fayitl
tus.
71
ta
perfjma
This tense refers a sing1e action in the future (11'11 do so-and-so l ~~ '11m going
do so-and-so'), and is formed in the same way as the future continuous, but the verb form
d:px
OK.a-
160kires-l, in
d:
&6
l. arxfsol
larx1.s-l, etc.
160kim4so1 or
OK.a
16tan/ 'when',
IUJ/ or
leirl
~~!~~~~!~_~~!~_!~~~I.
OK.a
ki n4z
&6
OK.a.
kin4is
&6 ~a
OK.a.
ookin4zi
&6
OK.a
.a'U
kiwe
-&&
.a''U CIoki_sune
OK.a~
ookimazete
~ OK.aO'~ ea CIokin4sete
.a'Uv()
()ok1Mzun{e)
-&&
Verbs:
. ClokiMso
. Clok1n4sis
Clokin4s1
.a''Uv
ea ook1_sun{e)
The perfective stem i8 formed from the iv.perfective stelll with varioU8 degrees
pJ"8dictability.
The most predictable verbs
in
'
/.
i:pertect1ve
stem
wh1ch ends
()oki~z-
OK.a
ooki_s-
arnz-
d:pxta-
arXs-
--
a/,
a/, -0-
/ 0/, --
-- o/~!: -- l
el.
are
follows:
P1ura1
~!!!i~~
E8ple:
1-01
-l
-'tE
-.
1-11
-{)
~!!I!!!!!:
!!!!!:~
tr60
~&
~W
tr6
~Wt
tr6te
~..
tr61
~W()
tr&e)
1--1
I-tel
l-n(e)1
~&
!!!!_!~!! Claa.
Y8rb8
ban 80 tar
'08.
occrred 1
tb18 cour..
The 'SNplar'
a:
I!!!!:!!~H!!_~~-!
._.
!!~!!!!!!_~!!!
,,-
~-
tro-
1'0
'_t'
'8Q'
le-
,,-
t'YVf)
'lea".'
,(,-
tny-
I-
"v
pSno
'drlnk'
"tv-
"1.-
7-
'10'
""-
plyen-
"'-
pa-
'808'
vlep-
6-
tr60
AW
""Y8v
ti
>.h
..
,,1Jpo
'o11o1n a! cop1ete
fo....
t_-
. abYe 'SrreULar'
erb8 tl'8n8criptln:
-------
Perlect Ste.
Pre88n\
Fo
----------------!!!e!!!:
~~!!
tr60
trne
f40
tr6.
tr6te
r4s
r4te
tr61
t.r6r.( ~)
41
r4n(e)
1'0
1'.
pde
1'.
l~te
pfs
te
1'1
l'n(e)
pdn(e)
13
Present
~!~~~~!
Plural
[~yo
[~yune
[:lume
f~vyis
f~vyete
f1yis
fi'.vete
fE!vyi
f~v'J.n(e )
f:lyun(e)
p!no
pSnume
pyUe
?!n1s
p!nete
py:{s
py:{te
pfnun(e)
:{
py..m(e)
p~o
40
piyE!nume
~!: ple
40
p1y~1
ni~nete
~!: p4te
p4s
pite
r 1 Yni
;->i~nun(e) ~!
1"41
p4n(e)
pin(e)
vl~po
vl~pWIIB
06
\1re
vl~p1s
vl~p~te
v1
vHpun(e)
d()
the Narrat1ves
111
fo11ows:
:: (:)
arx!zo (arx!so)
to begin
()
piyno (40)
vl!!po
()
(06)
go
etc.
(The basic forms
the Class
3~ ~
verbs
1o111
be d1scussed
later un1ts).
verbs.
ia eelete na p!te...
to say
;
.C
l1 br
na
[lo1
all ! bore
74
~\'here
can
eat1
/na pfte/ ~
/na. f40/,
/ra
/e~lete na. / 'you want [w] say [future w1th respect the vant1ng~
vh1ch 1s present]').
doubttul, etc.,
part1~ularly
etc.
trans1at10n
''
a8 'he vants
[
'
18 80st
11ke
The l1tera1
'
be more accurately:
eat , 'that
The 8UDjunct1ve 10 Greek 18 fored exact1y l1ke tuture (Note 6.1.1) but
can,
cour8e, be e1ther
/ra/
'81p1e'
/a-/).
or'cont1nuoU8'.
and t.he 81pl 8ubjunct1ve 18 6. /na/ p1us perfect1e ste.. t01"lll; .. & ci
-----
----
Oorcv EtcnE ~
.. A~
tJtan 18 8t.1n ,
. iorE cpiorE
at
se
orCltfpvcx.
na pite na
d.
1 At.hens 8
tay,frna.
1Mersona1 erbs
When you
w111 be d1scussed
later
unit.
& .
ekf,
k4e.
_ra.
/bor6/ 1s
75
(see 5.9).
Note 6.'3.'
'
the verb
e.g.
: ~.
bori na
40
stin a9tna.
: ~.
bor! na
40
arniki.
kmos
piy!n1
Peop1e can go
gverns 1 !!~!~!:.
The express10ns
!~~_~:~2
Expressions
1.
/10 k6zltOs/
means 'everybody'.
T1me
p6te
uO Tav -&
!~yi
tr!n?
to
1.
nust ( go
d. tav~rna.
tavern.
and') eat a
.. 1.
/p6te arxJz1 kinimat~afos?1 'wben does the mvi start?' and 1nd1rect questions:
1.
. .
uO Tav
uO Tav
g!r
arxl2ii
k1nimatyrafos.
-& ~x
-&a
'.
~~~~_~:!.1. Adjective
1efti, .
st1n eUoa.
, ,
E~ 1.
~x .. a .
The adjective
tan . !
to Greece.
/poHs, -1, -1/ 'numerous', 'rnany','a 10t'.
1eft!.
forms:
76
ut.I1'1' 6
11.
polfs
o~
Plural
a.
n.
l!s
EX!~!!!!
k6zllOs
o~ x6a.o
pol
l:z
6ra
a 10t,
o~
krasf
a 10t,
! 1..
t crrC&o t
pol sta8d
88n,1
st.at,1ona
..
poll. presvf8s
181\1
bu8B
6 ~ooxz
poU
88n,1
hote1s
prfp1 na
no
kar.
Jrje
ksenooda
"(6 "'1
"ra.
cae !I'.
na
t'vyete p&nda _
8d "'1
ed8
. "'1 na plnete
ats 1'11
poli
nrd.
na plnun(8) kaf'
8"(6 prfp1 na
.! s "'1
k4e 111'..
)' ner.
- "'1
na
18 kat~.
l. 1
na
t.e
t8i1.
na py11ne
kat~.
aft!
es!
na pyf tsi1.
81111s
na
pl,'p1 na
atts "'1
plUl8kaf' k4e!ra.
t'Y7!s
r.vy1 P'nda _
r.V'yU88 pinda _
na
1;1_
"'1 na
e81
people
"'1
na tlyo .80S.
1
. .80
na tiy1
~.o
na
aft8 "'1
77
p&na
..
eIs r1
na !ye .80S.
es!s
na tlyete . s o
aft!
ri
na f!yun{e)
~BOB.
trfno.
t,o t,...no.
t,o
rno.
_ to t,NRO.
piy~no
Ba
sti(m) brezvia
piy~nis
es! ea
sto proksen!o
py~!
aftds ea
K~ ~ra.
Ga
P~O
k~Ge ~ra.
es! ea
P~5
estiatri ke
sto
~m!s
ea
piy~nume
sto kafenio
~:!s
ea
piy~nete
sto proksen!o
pi~nun(e)
aft:! ea
mera.
afts
ke ~ra.
p~]
ke ~ra.
sto proksen:!o
Ba
~s!s
ke ~ra.
prosk~n!o.
Substitution-Corre1ation Dri11s
Change the form
the right
each sentence:
p~p!
na
, ems, aft~s.
p~pI
na
Q~ka.
yA1a stiz
s!mera ea
p~pI
Ga
!~~
na
!!~
~10
eka.
stis
ey6, esfs,
~~!! na sas
!!!e!
61 tin ra.
aft~s,
aft!
s!mera.
o~ ~~~ na ~~~~
aft~s.
Ga sas
, aft.
aft6s,
ya tin aetna.
na
dav~rna.
sti(n)
(1.).
em!s, ey6.
aft~s.
aft6s,
(1.),
em!s, art6s.
, aft~s, 8,
E!~~
yala ke ~ra.
(1.).
aft6s,
aft~s,
aft6s, em!s.
8, B~.
m.
!?~~~ na ~ krul.
aft6s;
~10
~!!~ na
sas E~ br na
al"t6s, em!s,
S,S
esfs,
aft~s
~~ s1mera.
the right
78
stis okt6.
sIrnera.
stls okt6.
atts
slmera.
pr4!pl na ooklmizl
~ at.
stls okt6.
sfmera.
pn)pl na
}e ~ !
p4a.
sfrnera.
na [.e !~!!_~~~!.
611
p~pl
k4t3e
Ara.
611
1 ra.
611
1 ra.
p~pl na bok1bwe
p4nia.
ta yl1ki
!!~~.
ki&e _ra.
st1s okt6.
stlz
poU lett4.
lka.
_I_ra.
_Iera
ea
4\11_
kj,)e
"'ra.
na
vs
att6(n)
to
1p41llo,
---------
_ ea p!n... kal"
~~_~~~.:
_t1z
_1'8.
------.
!_() ~ k&e
.1 {.
slmera.
arus . tine !H!_~~ ryeV8.
dB .
kiee "'ra.
sas .. ~!!_~~~.
k4ee
!ra.
_1'8.
ki~e
_ eard81 na 1 !~!!_~~!~
kige
fra.
k4ee
!ra.
dB .
k4ge
!ra.
1mast(e)
e6
s1mera.
79
UNIT 6
tr ea k4nete slmera?
pi~netek!ee ~ra
piy~nete tav~rnes7
e~lete
~xun
tf fayi t!
tav~rnes
e061
ne
ne
p4nda sa14ta
t! ylik4
6
sart~s
na
pu tr6te?
enik
t!
tav~rnes?
ek11
tr~na
stin
e14a1
to fal sas ?
sto treno1
~x!
tus
pi~nete
p6s lne ta
trte?
Ine to
~~lete
tav~rnes
tis
t! pot41
lne akriv4 ta potl, stis
sti(m) b!tra?
i p4tra kal!
ksenooxfa1
t 1
kim4sete aft
to pot61
borlte na
plte t!
ra
Jne1
Usef'ul vords
---------
'ro
man
f'1t1ts
student
sa1lor
lox:aa
sergeant
IOsokos
aed1c
1 k6ri
daugbter
natt1s
3&
1o&s
li
to a"t'V'
egg
/ &.
to ploo kar'V'i
ealaaa
8treet.
gira
anchor
80
9~B!
ut1
Y!!!~_7
~!!!~-~!~!~~~
::
, &;
yiMka
kal:i~ra, ~B !Be?
v:L ~ :
:;
su?
od orn1rag,
ki cy6 / ke 1
U_,
/
k~
OL
. '
our
both
! U8
1;!
i dUra
{ the) .cther
t,1s y1~kas
II!U
.I,1118
'4
t:is
~o,
4ro8tos, -1,
600
-,
y1~kaz JI11.I
kt 6 _s ! ma_te ka1i.
~ : '( yVL
ytnlka8
EtVO:L ~'f.
.:6
.dtlra
iiiu,
the V1f.
ay v1tc
s1dc, 111
:. ~ both t:i ne , but rrr vJt.'.
noM .
t1s
s1clr.
!n(e) aro.t1..
yatrl5e
.C6
yatr6s
vLC ()
o:rzo (odso)
: karyi
( the ). heart
6Gvcx, -, -
abrnatos, -1,
.6, -,
18 your w1fe7
KL '
YLaOfp6c;
atrs
uv:,
abinat1,
cLVXL
ber
:L cLVXL u
KL'auOf6
U.
~p:lk{nbtn08. -1, -
vLCL,
(tb8) doctr
e1
1!
in(e)
doc:t.OI'
t-h1nk
.eak, _l1a
dangerous
Her doc:tor th1nks
her heart
dangerous.
.\l.
epikinoino.
xron6n
.;
xr6nos
p6so(n)
(the) year
!
n ?
rio. -a.
, -, -
yer6s. -1 -6
vfa. .
sarAnda pnde
\l.
yert
f. 6 -
:-!1
xronm,ke
y1Mka.
healthy
She's qu1te you. she 1s ~
years 01 and she's 1n good health
('very healthy an).
nosokodo
na
1()
blte sto
nosokon1o.
!.
ycung
to
old 1s she?
rather. qu1te
6 !
Hw
years
the hosp1tal.
\l
1 p611s
(the) city
'
t1s p61ecs
\I~\I, .
nosokorou
~ist1x6s, 1 yatrl
\l 6
, f . xa.
a. In fne kaH.
the hosp1tal
c1 ty
1 Gesalon1k1
(the) Thesalon1k1
t1s esalon1k1s
! (the) The8salon1k1
-&6, -,
kaear6s. -1, 6
clean, pure
-6
' t . -
are
ke ta nosokoda
-&.
kaear4.
~l.
.a
m4l1sta
fnos, 1 f1li
(the) friend
U v , ~, y~6
ou.
6u.
'~6.
6 fv
& ~~ ~
1 &
inas
m41ista atr8
fact one
! ~~M
l~ne
m1 ne 1118
papab6pulo.
na
6.
a matter
nae
1s (. th.y
He'.
'V8I'J good.
u
s1111f6
agre.
ct
toether
~oo;, -, -
l~oo,
pl.
cS:py&
aryi
late
f x~a
1 ntxta
(t,he) gt
6 tf.
ct
''cn l~oo,
'a6~6
cS:py&
& /
f)
y(;X~4.
to , .1Jta6 ..a:1
..., ldaaete
tb1 D8
to tab
.r
lat.e(r) ton1ght,.
nJxta.
~!!!!!!.~!
'f6
ci
\-0
'f6
f ~O a'awc
ta
.U
xlr1
~6 .
bocI7
t.u 8_toe
18IId, ar
'f6
6&1
'f6
xct6Ao,
he8d
~6 ~CMIO
prepo
~aee
6 A~,
_t1
buan
pu'U
11
.,.
'" JoL(;'n)
1 dt.1
~6 6
t.o
8~
80Ith
~6 ~
artf
ear
~6 6
b6(n)d1
t.ooth
~6
lra
sldn, leather
~6 &~u/&'fu
~4kt110/~4xt110
t1rger
& 6
ta
~&
ta fra
nc88
maly4
8)
ha1r
evebros
toe
bocI7
to
td
'
1 ~x!
1
mit~ra 1 y1n~kas
nomdzi
p6so(n)
atrs
odz1,
t1s1
ln(e), 1
!1
fn(e)
sas1
mitra
t1s1
100
py6s
p6s
ea
ta nosokomia tis
()
esaln1kis
t1(n) m1 tT
sas
pnd. xronn, ke
yer1.
l"
pcl! kaear!.
kal1.
fJloz mu,
ton(e}
1 yin~kas
100 saranda
fne
f110s sas1
() 1~ne1
plte
epikfnoi~o.
pole6s sas1
4l0n na,
l~ne
()
yatr6s.
papao6pulo.
ary4
nosokol!l!o'Z
nlxta.
Narrat1ve
6 Lt
ELvaL ~~o.
"~!~~ ~6
:~_E~~! tn(e) 4
-chl1d
thU8, 80
ttyi
leoforto
sfera.
!ather
'Q_~~!~e~~ ELvaL ~
4rostos.
C1~.
nurse
~~_~~~~~~~ ~ ~
orta.
o~ ~~~!~~~.
nowhere, anywhere
A~ n_~~Q!Q1D ~ 6
area,
L .
reg1~n,
secticn
:~_~~~
nX
year
plnEL
~6 , ~C1~~ ~ 6L L C10L.
'xo~
lvav
YLa~p6, ~6
ELvaL
~ ' 6 3 6 '3.
vL
3 ~ . E~ ~xo
6 ~ . 3 lL ~ vL.
vL ~ ' ~ ~o 6.
--
pd
ln(e)
ro8O&!
na
1!
1p4rx1 kanlna
.
to
pe en~s
prc!p1 r.a
no&okordo
st1(lI)
bl1
fllu
sto
MU.
nosokomo.
888'1
aU ~ Jne kau
ka1~.
~ 8 1 1 aI
xu .ft!
_118ta.
. nosokod.
talds yatl'l18 ke
st1n
I.
patlras tu.
Jne .....,.., ke
pol Il8.
"xun.
o.8Olr6e 8 7
pd Jne
~HA)
t! 9a 'xete
aft! ta no&okoda1
U'6m
tu
xrnu .
c!na 88YUo
. -_.7.'.
- - The
Not.e
~
ue
0tm1 t19'8
Cae
6a o~ ~;
MU.
1V v1fe's IIOther
How old 1s she (bf how lIIU1'
year'8).
E~ .
~o v
1 yatr! tu nosokor.1lu
thfO doctors
t he hosp1 tal
~o
the doctOTS
Thessalon1k1
The
Aboe
genitive Case.
Note 5.2 the genit1ve case was described as 'POSsssive' case, i.e. one that
85
addition the genitive case may be used in Greek with certain prepositicns (see later
units) as well as in certain expressicns indicating quantity (age, price, measure, etc.)as
shwn
eXaMles
above.
Other examples:
6 &L
to
EtVaL L&.
EtVaL
tu 1pal!lu
The employee's
!n(e) arister4.
.t10
tav!rnas
!ne
is
the left.
The food
this tavern is
excellent.
kaH.
!na taks
!~_!:!:!
okt6
i'rn.
11.
51ng.
tu
1.
ton
tis
tu
ton
ton
. .
6
6a
en6a
..
Follow1ng 18
Chart
declensi08l
~!!~!~-~!~!!
.
~.
G.
tu
.
to(n)
~.
!~
--
!:
~6
to
-r
-rGiv
&
ta
tis
tu
tcn
to
&
to
tU8
t1i
t.a
ti (r.)
86
G REEK
BASC
COURSE
Indef1n1te Art1cle
-----------------f.
~.:
/.
"
41'1&8
rda/rrY,
fna
/.
ell6.
rda./rr/'45
()
t(v)/.
u
v
'na(n}
rda/-'"
'na
!:
.
G.
~_1~!!!
Tbe
Gen1t1e
Ien1t1e
C... - Nun8
eding. DOUD8
case
are a s tollov8:
F1r8t Declension
'~
~.
--- -
Mc.
Ox;ytone8
paroqt.oe8 1
Felll.
Oxytoaea
-!
"18
':1
:.s
-ln
-f.
-&1
':.j
:18
-6n
-611
-,
parox"vt.one8
.:a
proparoxyt.one8
':a
oxytone.
~:~!:
-fs
..
"-asl":"I-:'18
-m
Second Declension
-------------------
....c.+ telll.o~one.
-6
-6
parosyt.cnes "
prop&rox;ytones
::cut.
':cr:
j:J
:-08
ox;ytone8
-6
p&rox;ytone8
11
':0
~o
-1
_O~
Note 7.2.
------
ou:
Follw1ng
Charts
87
cwrr
--.------.
:I6 DECLES
~!!!
a5culine
u
u
!.
1s
:'
!.
:. a
.
.
1 -1
t1s -1a
~!:2~~!!! ~~
: 1
- ,
&
:'18
-u
:. 1(0)
-<
::t
.....
.....
~
<,,:,
~~!,12
:. 1
-...,--85
t.u ....yU
:-a(n)
to -!
:. 1
:.
_ J
:'-as/-!'is
:. a (n)
-'8
:. 88
:. 88
1.....
- 48
:'-e8
ta -
-6n
-6n
-&
ton -eSn
-6n
-&1
I~-r..
--60
t.n! -y6n
Acc.
tus -eIJ
:. 8S
:'88
t-i8 -4s
-u
- 88
- 8
:'-e8
ta -J'
1()"':)
PltIr
---------------------------------------------------------~-----
~~I?!~~:
fititis
'student'
18 loxlae
i;.iior is;rgeant'
i
!_!r!~!
'Irea'
1 61
..
,()
_---.-------.-------.~-
ia&ugtter'
!_~!~~
'heart'
1 k1r1.
l&dj-
..
2!~~!
to -i
.:..
:. &(r.)
<)
CQ
~~2~~~
:. 1 (n)
to(r.) -1(n)
<)
tu -i
Acc.
.
-15
!!!~!:!r_!~!
------- .. -----
Ye1ie oan
---------------
~~
.....
---~-.-.--------
NoU118
&
:.,.
---~--._.------~~-- ----------------------
!_~I!&!r!_
'anchor'
~2_~~!
'chI1d'
kanv1
iihljjT---
i_Mlt~!
'5ea'
.:
Neuter oxytOfle and pr~OI'II!I noane 1n /-1/ beeQ 1cluded 1D the 1 Decleaa10n Chart due to s1ilarLt.7 their
in!lect1n
pattern.
t-<'
..
J)
;:
u
u
J)
<
I:Q
::t:
..
..
. .-..----._-.--.....- --------~~---------'
-----------.----------------------------~----------.--.-~~-------------~-------~-.-.-
IJ
~E!!!I
2.!~!!~!
~.!!~~ 2_!!!!~l'2!
'brotber'
'edlc'
,~I'I'
!_2!
!.~~
1 &14ksoo
, '
'P.n'
'outlet'
-----------
~ .. !;Y~
'eg'
S2_PlU
'shlp'
!:2_!O~~e!~9
'au1iClllob11e
stress
[0110~
re~ard
the
shift1n
Greek nouns.
,) The stress
ear11er sy11ab1e a 1ater : from antepenu1t (th1rd sy11ab1e from the enc) ta penult (second
syllab1e 1'rc end) or the last syllab1e, and tro the penult to the last syllab1e.
The
Str888
add1t1on Neuter nouns 1 /:1/ sh11't the1r stress to the last sy11ab1e 1 the gen1t1ve
singu1ar. (e.g. kar4v1 ~ karavyd).
The stress proparoxytone nouns 01' the ~~~~_Qe~!!~!~!! sh1fts the
penultimate (second trom the end) syllab1e 1 tbe gen1 1e s1ngular and p1ura1, and 1 the
accusat1ve p1ural (nascul1ne and fein1ne on1y), e.g. k!r1os - t-u k1rfu - g1rfon tus k1rius; a!tokfn1to - tu attok1n1tu - a!tok1n{tonJbu~: . attokfn1ta.
~!_Z:.!:.!.. Houn:
1rregular Dec1ens1on:
vords
'1
/0
the p1ural,
6 .
/1
/0
xrfJnos/ and
0De
hever,
the..
vord8
6.
'regular':
- 6 .
/1 xrdn1/,
- 6.
/ta rr6nya/,
/ta 1tya!.
1 should be noted that the p1ural Ol
- 6.
/u
6 .
/1 1cSy1/
~!~.
_~h
tu
6()
to(n)
-6
!~:!_Z:~.
eana '8p8_CbeS' or
6.
on
xr6os
xr6nu
rr6(n)
rr~
or
--
xr6non or
.
6.
6.
ta xr6nya
on
xron6n
ta
xr(,'Iy&
Adject1ves:
stated
1 ).1
the
mo
90
e1ther
-, -11, -
-,
/-os, -a,
-o/(like
All
, ,
adject1ves end.1ng
DMne
.,
1-11
1 -
or -
I-osl
I88cul1ne nouna.
All neuter adject1ves end1ng 1 -
neuter nouns.
I:.x.ales:
Pl.
Sg.
.
G.
G.
oe
ke
lral6
tu
1ra111
'S'6v
1816
'S'6
to
to
Iral
vcro'S'()'S'6
to
n&rt1
'S'ov
tu
tu
.w.6
la1
kal1!
6
ka3.6
~
{
Cl..U
'
pey\i
or8ea ke 1ra1"
oree
ka1
11Mb-
yc~
tus
lc8en&cdo
vCu
Jaeood
Iaenoxo
91
'S'&
Urte8
&
ta
c:..&
lra1i e7'
ga nattr
ka1w.
1ra1U 7iMk
vu'S'
'S'06 o~
pe
Ite
'S'v
ton
c:.
ka16
'S'
t1s
'S'6
'S'ou
yWka
li
'S'v c
~(y)y
itt1
'S'
yc
kaHs;v1n8ra
v~'S'
to
.
6()
y~
y1rIera
vcro'S'
'S'OU
ton
re
'S'~V ()
Un
lc8 Jra]j
'S'
t1
.
vu'S'
ntrte8
'S'&
&
c..&
ta lra1i e7'
'S"
&
1ia
1raU
'S'v
toD
16 laeDnd-
'S'&
ta
lraU
tEvo6 o X Et c
vt
JcHoa
the adjectives
a1ways persistent
ad
does
shift as does with some types ! nouns (see Note 7.2 above).
The on1y exception
speaker) may or may
/ton mo yinek6n/ or
the
6 /t n6st1mon y1nek6n/
!i~~~_'Z~!t. Adjective: 6
/aft6s/
6 6
v1~pete
/610s/.
afto(n)
()
Do you
that gent1eman?
girio.
' & '6 6
61es 1
~ saft
All
1eofor!0, !ne
seats
th1s bus
are taken.
pyaz~nts.
The adjective
1 modifjes.
Contrast
6 6
!kwn&
ka1
ksenoooxic/ or
Engl1sh).
/610s/ 'a11, every' 1 &1so generally !~!!~~~ by the art1c1e and the noun,
.
~~~!_!:~. Adject.1e:
adject1ve
10 kZ80S 1.
, ,
1
1nflected
/polB, -,
Everybody 18 here.
-1.1
fows:
2!~
_!:.
-~:
polfs
11
11.
-~!:.
/ I1
6
pol!(n)
()
l()
pold / I1
polds
_!:
&
P01~8
14
pc16n
.\
&
l.
1ndeed',
'1
)".
part1cular'.
nas
m4lista
fl
fne
yatrs
As a
attEr
tact
0118
doctors 1s a fr1end
IIIU.
/4l1sta/
1.
las a _tter
tact'.
Other
exple8:
r,
ta~rnes
61es 1
retsfna,
~ ~'f.
apart~s, 11
d.
th1s town
es ~u
af\!s t1s
the taverns
11
_l1sta
6tl krasf
'W1ete.
; 6; !6 .
;,
t,.cn,~'f;
. o~ ~.
~l8 1 nosoktmes
A11st,a
[but]
p4ra
t,hsJI
partlcular 1s e.xce1lent.
kalI.
po]J
l1
e66
&8
(B~one Boe.N)'.
.. 4 n I'fCC1'f6
t.
i
D08ok08fo.
:ou
.at
ter
to
h1J
Whea tbe "rb . /~/'IP' 18 wed vith a d1reot object, 1ts rean1ng
corre8p0nd8 to the Engl1sh ':.rana1t1Vf!.
verb
'
take
(soeone Bone'fhe)'.
Other eUlllplea
itE'fE 4
xtvYJ'fO
aac;
'f'C1~'fO
6 ~C1.6;
4!lete
na sas 488
att.okln1
()
, 3 a'f .
n',
!10
you vant
by car.
take you
statl0n'l
staem6'l
na
ek:!.
ne pdt(e)
93
take
ne
&
p1~nume
&
. La.
puaeM-.
~e
are
golng anywhere.
akriv4 nosokomia.
ne~at1ve
verb
the statements as
&
exist').
neeat:1ve clepend1ng
the meaning,
..
& ;
3:1
~.
place
today'l
& & ;
ea pilte pueen4,
Aren't
sfmera
The vord
kan~M/ behaes 1
yu
today'l
.,
. l:.
eO.
!ne ka.nnas
but:
. l:
!ne kwna8
. t;
fne
k&nnas
any
here
~~~~!~!!_Q~!!!!
~!!_~!H!.
ume
ks~ri
to kar4vi tu M-ft1.
aOerfa tu loxta.
ksrune
ks~ri
t1n
y1nka
~~ azI
tu staem4rxi.
me t1s
yin!kes
ton nat't6n.
p1yenun sta
vl~pun
t~na
tis yinikes
lox:i6n.
lox16n.
UNI:T 7
1~po aert
:tne
aertlls
tus
y4la
po1l1
tu
\1.
k~r1
_1.
sta
-------
ks~run
karav16n.
l~p1 .
attls t1s
oU.
~x!
tus aoert;)s
ta
oitia
par4e1ra tu
ta 1s1tlr1a
a()erf6n sas.
p1y~nun
lpal:1lon.
proti~Jn afts
sta
brezv16n.
st1s kuzlnes
po1l
tu 1pal!lu.
ksenoox1a
61. ta
r1~nun
pi~nun
.ftok!n1to tu yatrl1.
Q~a1s on
kSrw .et
prot1mA1
!ne
la1 88t1atonon.
t1s
ks~r1 es
tu peoY\1.
davern6n.
y1nek6n DB8.
a!tl1 tu
ksen!u.
omatu.
leofor!on.
estiatria .
t1.
~.1B aftokin~on.
Outl1ne:
Subject
-----att6s ln(e)
(Adject1ve+Noun)
Ddela
kal6s kfr1o..
att6
attl
In(e) 1
att
Ine
or~a
tt3n
tavirr..
vl~po () ga1(n)
(vll!po).
attl 1n(e) 1
(Ixu)
1118
att.
e8t1at6r10. (ell1)
g!r10.
dkr peJ!.
In(e)
1118
(Ixi)
katl.. (C>ok1IIIta1)
att6s In(e)
n6o. 8tae4rxjs.{ksfro)
atL6s In(e)
att
Ine
(vl~pun)
att
Ine
en1k 6. ()
Ocalrun)
attl !n(e.) 1
aft6s In(e)
kal6s 1p411los.
ln(e)
aft4 Ine
At
aft~s
_.
In(e)
In(e)
akr1Y
oreos
pot6.
(p!nun)
k1n1mat6yratos.(vl~pun)
d~A.
(vl'pun)
1mo
. t~8ka
yatr6s. (kslro)
ps4rya. (tr6ne)
9S
,) lIse
the following
sentences.
:1odel:
aft !
to kald peur.
aft !
to
afts
ka
peo! tu naft1.
( a~erf6st
tav~rna.
kals p~lloB.
in(e)
jne
kr!o
staem6s, i k1rIa,.
yatr6s,
staem6s)
kIr1os,
[loa
aft
rAftis,
ksenocoXo)
i prezvfa.
(1 p61is.
neyAl.o kar~v1.
ine to
afts
naftis)
~os k1n1mat6~rafos.
ln(e)
aft
of!los sas)
nosokomo)
stae~rxls,
aoerr6s sas,
sas)
kIrios,
1 k1ria,
yi~ka
sas,
1p411l0s)
att
2) Put
perSfimo
[.
(1
1
above sentences
tavSrna,
plo)
estlat6r10,
plural.
odl:
-----
a1't
fne
kal pe:l. (
artA lne ta
ka1l pey4
p6aon
xronn
~B3?
p6son
xronn
fn(e) 1
&XEte
re?
p6son
xrnn
me i
natt6n.
~xun
yi~ka
jne ta
po-l
1y:ta tu pat8ra
sas?
i mit/ra sas?
888
aftl . nosokoma"
prepi na k4nete,
nosokomon
t.an
yin!ka &8
lne 4rost1?
ke t1s
ine eplk!nolno na
pos 1 yatrj
pol~B
arstus.
sas1
nit8ra& sa8~
oQz
jne ft1n4,
l1 :ln(e) pat~ras ke
ps
n4!t1s)
tis
borite na
kalf~
96
MU
ta
~11
tu
smats?
Unit
JUI&a t (&&)
'.6,
"'t
Ull'f 8
a9o (_)
-1), -6
-,
el1n1k6s,
.Mt
1,
-6
Greek
ta el1n11c4
te
to _tq
(adj~)
Greek
"'t.
1 t4ks1s
"'
k4pote
80_le
Jmas~e
o."'"'C xt MtO"'E ..
plnde f'1 1 U , ke
k4pote,
we
have
class
fks1.
8tuder.ts
( 1
ollr class
t1 studEnts') and
our
W8
0881e.
81.
..cnx6,
-1), -6
&1plo.at1k6s,
-,
"c
c DfO
1 1p1re.Ja pl1ro-
n V4o.
t~seris
10ma
Jne
t1kJ
141111, kyo
c .
~naa
apt1n
KI.cS
..
1piesJa
18 rrOll
U.5.!.!.
plirofori6n.
uo."'"'I
f\J1tv,
Iksipnos, -1,
-, -
./.
(..)
simfititfs
milao/mi16
ac
(111181)
i "(16sa
"'"'
,
U.S.I.A.
tor16n
"'. c. .
~ ''''l)
d1p1oat1c
(te) HYice
1p1e_.
-6
..
~nas
eksipnos,
97
speak
( peaJa)
simfitit!z mu !ne
1!
1nte111gent
mil~i
mine 1s
intellignet, he speaks
eksi yloses.
si languages.
-&
-&
i kaBiyftria
'
'lSvoa
-&
'-
cm ''tTv
'
tHinas
i el1nba
t(o) 6noma
(the) name
kaBiyitfz
ine
n aptin .
Athens.
L 6-
?ap&dopoulos.
papaMpulos.
'-&.
kaeiyitis
()
-,
oiitoros, -i,
to read
1 fr1
6'tL
oyav4zo (oyav4S0)
'tL)
(a)
His name is
( the) sentence
to repeat
livo)
't6 &
't&L
L't 't
a&.
arts
mas
oi4fores prot4sis,
keds
tis epana-
lav4nwe
rot40/rot6
to ask
/'t"a
rot4i
he asks
t'tL/'t"L
i er6tisis/i er6tisi
(the) quest.ion
pl.
-&, -&a/
a-&&, -&a
' L 't ,
' -&
kaeenas, ea/
talk
each
on,
every
e1', kaeena
i yn6mi
(the) opinion
rni18me, k;yo
98
nas
181
and every
g1 &
( t ay t) hi8
~ ~ou.
t1 61 tu.
opin1on.
~6 .ci .
yilia
&., -, -
etx4ristos, -1, -
pleasant
'" cn;~/'.;/c:N;~~(1.
i sizftis1/i s1zft1-
discussion,
conersat1on
sto
y!i_
p!nU8
dr1k
our
'f6 cmt'fI.
to
'f6 't....
1.
.1_
( tbe)
hOU88, boe
(tJe)
1888_
..ef_ta
pl.
spft.1
'f& ~c
' O~.c
'fCl.vtc
1 tenfa
' w ..~
1 _yn1 toton1kf
(te) tape
(the)
tenfa
'fCl.v'C
91
'f6
&~4
.na
le ~o
;. ~ o~ .: 'fW
_81. . . ., _
y~o. ~...
~1
we ba" to
hoe
at
learr
our
le8Scn A~
1 1 tb t.Ie 181
t.ape8.
ton1kbn ten1bn.
66cnoAo, -, -
f8kos,
-1, -
' 6u.&
1~
() orc, job
c:N6
s1nxr6nos
at the
d1ttlcul~,
hard
Bae 1e,
81ultaneoU8ly
etx.trist1.
99
ke
sae 1e
pleasant
a very
'
py6s
ma~n1
p6s1
f1t1t~,isaste
e11n1ki1
!n(e) 61i 1
ey6
st1(n)
d~ksi
~B~no
e1inika.
sas?
fit1t~,o1p1omatik! ip~li11?
~nas
6xi,
p11rofor16n.
ti ine enas s1mfititis sas1
~o s1~it1tiz
p6ses
ni ! ~ksi 1ses.
1scs
apo pd in(e)
m1141
ka11tis
p6s ton
1~ne1
tf k!n1
kaiyitis
tf k4nun i
afts1
sas1
papao6pulo.
kaiitfs1
!11.-?
pinume ton
e1inik kaf~
ef~rlsti
t!
pr~pi
prot~sis.
prot~sis.
epana1amv4nun tis
tf an k4Be fitit:ls1
tf k4nete sto
ana.
fitit~1
tf rot4i istera
l~ne
1 ~ks1pnos.
mu, !ne
p~p!
na
viia
sizitisi.
m4ume
ton
k~xume
mas,
to
mai4
manitfnikn
s1nxrn8
mas,
ti{ n)
ten16n.
ke
efxAr1st1.
Narrative
UQ!~ 6 ~
!:!!!
fiyo
JII
to
t~no,
before, ago
p~p! a ~xo ~M
~~~o.
isitirio.
!~_~!!!2~e1~!2 'E~
to
uoUo
~_~~~!!~ eksoter1k6n
country
schoo1
ler
8choo1
Departent !
St.ate/M! n1s~ry
!
6 io:O
to
ipuryo
too
(the)
Fore1r,n Affairs
Jin1stry
afts Z~_~E~~!~!
yatr6s.
()
'~~~!~
Su40
k;i3e
&~& .
nx: ra,
that
~~~!!~~~
a3 u.
~& (~&)
~~2 ~
study
pol:
-, -
eklnos,
3 ~!g!eg~~ ~6
3&
fne
akri4.
, -, ~o
Xra
ek1ni i
(spuo4so)
3,
~tafr4zo
o~
-& ~ ~.
(metafr!so)
p;ime
aefna,
~~~ 1
translate
only
p!me ke sti(m)
b!tra.
A~6 ~6 ~x
art~
!!eg1~!g.
~6
A~ x~ &
ksenoox10, ~x
pol' '!:!~:!.
pr4yma
att.:t
!!~!!!~.
\ b1 n
, !1 ~nan
meyilo E~!!~!!~.
o~H6
politiz6s
~' ~
stis
u'f6 !~~!! M~ / --
to
(Ko~)
&C~ &~
1t!ra
6 ~ ~ 2~! '
~ ~.
-&
a\ tour
ptnda
o'clocC
tu.
akuo (ak6ao)
bear,
l1aten
!!e2~X~
0
t~seris
aft& !!~
~O\J.
c1n l1sa\1oa
prosoxi.
i
prosox.
kri
t1s
tis
attent.1on
1 0141
()ul~s
------ s61ea
ti8.
voiGcS
help, a&sist
~KO 3 ~ . '
'~ ~ &30
~
'~6
~ ~K ~o ~K ~ oU-
~ .
~ .
~ 'L
o~ 6 , ~xo V
6 ~ .
~o 6 ~
~o 6 6 .
W 6 , '
6 & ~o 6 ~ .
' &
~&
'
!naropi
e~lun
e!a?
x~r(a)
1~tikl
aftI?
prepi na
Meun
ir-41ili.
elinik4.
st1n yuisinkton.
~x1
i e11nikl t4ksis
pol~B fitit~s1
p4r.da
~na
vjkr6
ariem t1titdn.
p6aes dres t1n
8ti(n)
dk!
i~ra Su4un
ritit~
tU81
tf ktnun ekn
kae1yitls tus
tis
ad1
epanalam4nun.
rota1 erotIs1s.
prot4s1s kekln1
~x
s1z1t181 ke k4pote
6xi.
rnaO~nun
ton
tf k4nun 1
r1t1~
epls1s ke
14
pr4ymata 18
bolitizIII tise14as.
pi~nun
tenles.
tus
14!
m'lista, tus
,02
14!
p4ra poll.
maynitoronik~s
UNIT 8
Gramatica
Not
Noter.
~ ~L ~ nfv~E
stin d4ksi
p~OO 1t!.
L~~t.
! s1fitit 111 .
YL~p6c; ~ vtCL
'
The
'!
me'.
coIlete
ber') as equ1valent
one
the
oyr
class.
~ vL~~
('of us',
lmaste
! l\ llw
students ..
genitiv
case
perscnal pronouns
('or', '~',
'her').
\)
ycur
h1s
tis
1ts
('! 1 )
r.&S
or
('of \;.s')
sas
yur
tus
tt..1r
~o\)
~o
'fO\)c;
(a.)
('
('of
(, ! ycu")
him')
')
('
thell')
These pronons ar~ ~!!!~~!!!~ and follow the noun they mod1fy, e.g. ~6 ncnt \)
pebf ru!'rry
pronon
may
!ollo
111 peb:l/ ~
but
~6 6 L t
Wben the
autcat1cally
chlld'.
od1f1ed
Aa
/to kal6
/0 anerop6z IfIl1S/
&~6
!~~_~:!.
~6 6 Lt
'or
/0
ineropoa/ 'the
man',
man
a verb (e.g. he
Pronouns used
~~_~
'
- 1nd1rect obj.)
a verb are:
me
me
af
se
~6()
hiM
103
ind1rect objects
()
tin
her
it
mas
sas
you (1.)
tus
them(m.)
tis
(r.)
(n. )
6 6.
l~ne paa6U.
~fL L6.
se 8411
The
L L.
!~_~!~!~
yatr6s.
as
by an accent mark.
I1
me
su
you
'toiJ
to h1II
t1s
her
'toiJ
tu
1t
l:8
us
YOl1
't
tus
(.)
But, un11ke the possess1ve pronouns. the 1nd1rect object pronouns a1ways precede
the verb.
1:
L LLL.
mu pul4i 1s1tJria.
LL / :.
miUi
Qa tu m1.lAo
'toiJ
L 6:
LJo!.cX.
el1n1kA.
pUda
me.
t1e.
mlIT
8& 6 f'x.
ea to s:Unera.
6 & .&' 6 .
add1 10
can be u.ed
abve, Mr
the verb.
Tbe
eIIna
B~M
you
~!: yau
att6n
h1III or to h1III
()
her 2!:
aft6
or
.i
u.
~!: U8
&
you
aftl1s
the.
(n.)
aftls
croTci
aft'
her
(f. }
me
(n.)
you
or to theIII
,
,
bas1,
e.g.
x&~ . !.
ka91yitls
1~p1
It's _
e.na.
or after prepos1t1ons,
afts lIa1
mi1A1
..
he
..:
' .ci !.
byavaso
!.
& . '!
..
'l1 _.
6 .&. .
(d1rect Object)
n(}
esas.
8.10 na ,
5(e)
es~na
10S
e1iniki.
1~
dcn't
with them.
~n
you.
to read Greek
~!?~~_~:.~
, -, -
l'L , -, -
, ,
l t ,
laft6s-f-61 and
l'L
-,
laft6s, -1.,
-61
e.g.
X~o .
afts 'neropos,lne
kalSs.
f f .
aft pu l~te,
-6
lart6s, -1.,
ka.
lne
good.
-61
lek1.1
doctor.
'there'
l'L . ..
: atrs.
e'66
artA ek1. .
,o'U.
Th1s one
pey4 1.
, -, -
laft6s, -1.,
-61
l!, -,
e.g.
. . ,
! . .
klr10s ineki.
Th1s
and
gentlean
18 here
1s there.
lKEt
.' t. 6
kek:n1 alne me
prOSOXi.
, , !
English 'that'.
word
l!
spec1fy clearly
leki/ 'there'.
Thus
attent1vely.
' oer
l! !
there'
1 ray
there', e.g.
' ! ..
.&.
ek:fn08 ek!
r~141
e11nikA.
106
That
Greek.
UNIT 8
nay
shclJld be
6 ~y~po vL -
leknosl
. g.
afts !nrs,lne
6.
la!t6s1 and
Th1s
an
1s good.
ka16s.
~
or
l~po 6 -
6.
ka16s.
forlllS !
6,
-,
-6
, -, -
lekfnos, -1, -.
lart6s, a!tf, aft61 ha8 alternate forlll8 1 11e
6, , 6
s1ngu].ar on1y.
Q!~:.~!~
aft6s
art!
\)
att6
aftl1
ekfn1
ekfno
/
/
\)
tLV\)
ekfnu
aftA
ek!nus
ekfnon
LV\)
ek:lnes
.-
ek1nd
atWa
ek1ns
ekfnon
/~y
aft11s
art6n a!ton6n
ek!nu ek1nu
ekfn1s
!~~:.~!.
att6n arton6n
aftun11
att6n a!ton6n
att:ls aft1ns
\)
ekfnos
\)
art\1 aftund
'6
Q!!!:.~!.
Lv
ek:lnon
ek!na
Exaplea:
6 ntL \) (\))
spJti
aft~ (~!:aftunu)
\) ~pno -
tu aner6pu, ln(e)
6.
akriv6.
6 ()
6.
yin~kas,
107
Ine mikr6.
Note 6.~
--------
~~estion
6, -,
words
.6, -,
-6
6 ;
6 k4nun
.6 . 6 K~o;
~~o
cst
is that gentleman?
kiris
sentence.
p6so1
1680., 6.1,
word i. used
1 rM !
6, 6,
an adject1ye
6 . ;
How
6 & ..& -
p6su kIU ta 4
.& ~ ~;
&
6 ;
k4n1
people are
ks4!rete
any
tNno"
you know
ho
many
day
6 .no ;
p6aus
6 .6. . . ~6
6"
''.;
pe6yj
w 1'
kHrete7
"ord
.6,-,-6 /py6a-l.~/
f"ho t ,
111 d8clined
f!!!t.
-~
.6
py6a
o.i
pyd
48
01'
0118',
tollosz
G.
knf?
bouse7
'b1ch', '''h1ch
11.
people do 7011
! .. sto
ptt1J
The que.tlon
..
anirc?pus
.6
6
.\
'
pyand
pyan!s
.6
.&()
py6n
p:fi(n)
_!:
_!:.
.!!:
--
'
-.
,,'
p,.t.
4.
py6n
'
.
pYMD
pyand
.6
.<
,08
-~:.
py6n
.
OJ'
pyan6n
.
PY~8
py6n
01'
pyan6n
.
t1Y!
Exalllples:
L L ~6 ;
pyand ine
L L ~6 ~6 n(~L;
pyan6n in(e)
kafemo1
Whose
~~ose (1.)
1s this1
caf~
house 1s th1s1
sp:iti1
Lf ~;
p~s
3&
L u(u
'.hm (! .1.)
ks4ret.e1
prd8 kir!us 1
~;
do you lmow'Z
'.'hich gent1een
to see1
L ~;
~!:!_~:.~
T6v
Wha (.1.) do
pylis kserete 7
The use
verb
n6nu.
name',
18
,"ou knOlfI
n. . 1s Papadopoul08
(they
COrre8poOO
<..,
nae
~her exaple8:
-.
.. 1fne mko.
6 nLC ou 6 '
to pe6!
111
to
l\ nae'B
1!
'\
N1cho1aa.
ch11d's
n&IE
18 Alexander.
al'k8andro.
~!!!'!!~!~!!_~!!!
~!!_~!!
O.D. 8.1
to sp!t1 111 16.
to 1.eotorfo
to
8U !t!yl s!nera.
pot.
_8
en~k
!n(e) 1 rets!na.
sas
ta
k.in.imatoyrafa
yj~ke8
fne to arn6k1.
nosokoda
tus
tua fne
I118'108.
G.D. 8.1-2
r}M e !r.e
dz6n.
emis mas
nodzun ~ksipnu8.
es~na
8e lt!r.e n!ko.
aftn
aftus tus
l~ne
aft!s
v!un
afti(n) t1n
!ne
marSa.
109
t15
dz6n ke nfko.
kaae
~ra.
me
dz6n.
l~ne
ks~run
kala.
v!un
1 !lun
p~!
mu mil4i
su
k!ee
ya
ora.
einik.
l~o kal1~ra.
tu epanalamv!n1
u.
tis
me y'la.
tu
1.
aV~1 n49IN.
nil4i
elin1k4.
mas
l!ne
maria ke mko.
sas
p~1
to ts4y sas.
sas
1~1
tus
tus
nil
tus
yav!un
. pul~i
tus
~line
~.
6Aka
e~na,mu nilH
es~na.su
pr~ymata.
pol'
pey
ta
to
tus.
n491ma.
elin1ki.
e11rUk&.
pul4ne 1s1tir1a.
en4s,
epanalamv4nun protas1s.
884s, s..
nfko.
2.:E.:!:~_
arts ~
1ta16s.
artun~ Bp~1
aftin:1s 1
I1t!ra ~n(e)
aftund to
110 ~
aftn
ton
l~
att!n
gzlro.
aft l~po
aftnn
aftu8 tua
8 ~M
l~
e~r.ua
ekf tua
ek~nes
ekf,
ek~na ~ne
!ne
kond.4
nfko ke
t1s kHrun 1
makri".
~n(e) 14111.
1kr.
k4ee "ra.
taftok~n1to
8kfnis,
nlko.
atton6n
aft4 ta
ftin6.
to sp!t1 !ne
a&erfs
4rost1.
l ~ks1pn1.
attl !ne
ekir.~
r1kr6.
1pury!o.
al~ksandro.
~~z '.&.
110
t.a
l~ne
dz6n ke nlko.
p~
tus.
68
aft~s?
!n(e)
p6sos
kmos
lne
ln(e) afti2
p680n gafI!
fr.(e) aft~?
ryanl1 !n(e)
pyad8 In
af1 to
1oaf1ookfn1to1
p6s1 klrll
ae
e.1ola~la
py6n
razf
ixun
pAte .81oln
fne s100
es1ola1o~rlo2
y1n}kes
alM
ro1ofaete erot!sis?
pys 81111to11n
1~8
i~lete'l
r-4t Oyi
ya6
pyC
p6a88
p~B
aplti 8a82
eplt1?
f'yi
p6eea
~as1
y1n!kes
Vl'pete1
p6sa 4 m10et
~1oBI~
aIM?
.-----------------------------
G.D.8.a
. .
tbe
pTpeT ou 88
1Apn
paren10hesesa
..
1e
{.),
to
(pl.), to bll11,
(11.
pyi.
(100
,",
100 _,
us,
to hll11)
en!na
es48,
4311 artS
es~na 5 ks~ryn
aftn
U5)
you (sg.
,,,
o~ka oraxns.
afta ta pulane
aftn
t,
tcn
(it).
(you (pl.),
them (m.)
l~ne
aftus tus
them (f.))
~ksipnus.
---------------------
jne nikos.
me ltJne nfko.
tonoml IIIU
tonoml
tonom4 tu
y6lj"os.
ooml
mas
tonoml
tonoa
tus
marIa ke y6ryos.
p6s1 apt1n
re
p6ses
tonoml
tus
mar!a k(e)
tonom4 tus
re
nfkos ke
61plomat1k! 1pa11ii1
11.. l1rfr1n7
y1eeB
gstJrete to
68 a~nete
to
_1 :rA sas7
6'!".
(neuter)
y6ryos
.metarrlsete
O!sko1es e11n1ktJs
&1m4
fl".e
tnllll.
t1s sJtoHs
tenes7
spu2l4"ete
el1n1k47
sas7
u1y
sas,sto 1puryio
eksoter1k6n7
.114te7
l~1.
atte,tan 4
al~ksandros.
protU1s7
t! 141
sas fn(e)
bor!te na
y4nis (neuter)
tonoml
ton_
nfkos ke y6ryos.
tonomA tu
su fne marIa.
pos 1
a{skcl1
sa7
~xun
1111! 9
~~~_
~!~_~!!C!~t;
~o
ario
torrow
-6
to pro!
(the) morning
yyv ("
parangelno (parangI-
to order
10)
~6 O'UO"ouo.
to kustWn1
A~.o -6 &
'U-U..
(the) suit
aW10 to proI, 9a
paran;ilo kust&i.
tc8orrow IIOrnin.
ertixs
tortunat.ely
-6 --
to kat.astima
(the) store,
- -O"~-
t.a katastmat:.a
pl.
-6 {,
to
- vfcfaoa
a ir"zata
zna
ho
pl.
Ax:a, 1prx1
" o~ &. u
ka t.1Ja, pu181
xc& v&a-
pol
DIaterial (8)"
,, ..
1 pi1dla
(the) arietl
- vfaa&o\l
ton ifa_ton
. x~ & . .. Va&-.
.,
-,
kU:1 b wda
eyt:u.
p:SJdl!a 1f'araltn.
6, -~,
-6
cf- .,
,
kala itazmata.
mater1al ()
and 1t ba8 a
ary !
ma11nos, -1, -
oollen
anvakers, -, -
cot.ton
no
nylon
ifazmat3 malina,
kera,
no
113
vanva
ke t:.a
lare
tabr1cs.
etc.
()
' -& '
aorazo (aoraso)
to buy
i elines ee1W1
naOraz1Jn etiJna
, -
kustUr.mya.
,.
-& (-&)
sinieizo (sinieiso)
to be
(the) tailor
-&
rattis/o raptis
siniGizun na piyenun
6 .
sto(n) ratti.
perno
ta l1Ietra
,, (,-
xrisil1lOi
to take
(the) maa3urements
(xrisi-
t.o use
mopiiso)
,)
,,6/-
i eitiiti ta/-t.1e
(the) skil1
i foresya
(the) suit
teli08,-a,~
perlect
,,
-&&
to
tai10r.
(pcro)
()
accustoned
-,
-& ,,
ta metra, ke Ga
,,6
xrisimopiisi
1!
epiti~10titc
tu, ya
, ,.
na S3S
tin
pertect.
k8ni ti(n)
-,
~YOB,
-,
aspros, -1,
-&'
apto
tayo
katastima
eaoraso
~ ,.
ke I1Ila
,,4
(the) same
(the) dozen
to pukamiso
6 ,
'6
i dUna
-a,
white
(the) sh1rt
1'11 a1so buy a dozen white
shirts trom the
sar.e
store.
, -, -
metaksts,
i yravata
-!. -
made
si1Jc
(the) tie
' lu
(the) co10r
store.
' -
xrnata.
&/
an/ean
(()
meno
(, -, -
merik,
(the) money
i 1U.tsa
8Ocka,
to
K~'~ ~ ( K~(
qan
(m:no )
..a
-es,
any,
pap.tsi
mu
stock:l.ng
(the) shoe
mnun ke
x~ ~'yop
erik8 xrmata,
( o~.
ea-yOraso
llte8
ke pap.ts1a.
And
buy
[8one]
soclcs
sboes.
ar1n!
~"'
perdnda
ena
tirtyone
~"'
pen!nda
fitty
~"'
eks:nda
sixty
o~"'
evor.!nda
seventy
666"'
'.ind.a
eighty
"'
nn:ta
Dinety
"'
ekat
on hmdred
! ea k! arts, avrio to r:
pu
.
pai na parangili
to klIstni7
tlo
aad
ifaznata.
exi
18
ifazmata
aft
to katastima7
exi rn.ia
mails ta,
ke ta
Gelun i elines nayorazun etima kustnya1
pU sinie:tzun na piyenun ya ta
t! kani
kustrnya
6xi.
tus1
lipa.
Gelun.
raftis
pernl ta metra, kc
xris1Jopii
kat8stima?
saf't
xria1
Narrati'98
A~6 ~~!X~~! !~~!~
!!e2~ '~ ~ .
saf't! t1 yinika.
()
(kso)
~ ~x
1nterest
to
ov
!!~~~:!~.
~
pe14tis
C\lS toer,
pa tron,
client.
~~e!~~~ 3~;
t! ~!!~ 1
exactJy
A~6 ~ ~~ge!~!~!.
&'
ayorazo puk8misa me
to BxCIo
~6
~~!g
!~~!!.
~X!~!~
~ ~
pleases
design, plan
!!!~~.
i
alleya
, 16
truth
aftS
'tou.
Mni
ta
x:riJat8
tu.
(Oso)
()
't
mas ini
panda
to
give
poles
simu1es.
~~~~~!~.
i simu1!
adice
'~_!K~1~
ekloy
choice
taste
't't
U't.
! 'tO 't
'tou
't~
'tOU
'tOU
YLa'tpot
't 't
, t, ~ ~ ~o 'tO
!~o,
't
'tou
~ 7IV'ta YO'tO.
ps to
lene to
pU ine to
katastia
sas?
tu tllu sas7
to
lene
nko.
breza,
stin aeina.
Xn
exun poll
kali,
malina, vamvakera,
metaksot8 ke n&1lon
ifazuta.
()
117
eniafern.
:.
"
..
aft?
ya l piyenun eki'l
t ni
pa
!ne ta pra"(lll8ta pu
aorazun?
Grammat1cal Notes
~~_2:.!.. Noun: Third declension neuter ou
&. ~&~a,
-- /-a/.
iprxi na kat8st:iJa, pu
. & &-
~.
1fazmata.
..
&~
pik1.l:ia ifa_ton
variety
! naterials
~& x~
in a11 oo1ors .. ,
.'& ~&
ky8n a mu m:lnun,ke
and 1f
.& x~
In Note 5.4
have
ar:
money 1eft
merika xrmata
All neuter ou
~-~.
5g.
.
xrCa
to
class
nouns
/ -ma/.
/-ma/
Pl.
xrcSmat;a
ta
~~_Il
5g.
Pl.
to
tt;:ba
ta
katut4Jata
G.
tu
xratos
ton
xrnat<n
tu
katast:Jatos
ton
k.atut1Jiton
to
xr8
ta
xromata
to
lcati8~
ta
kataat4Jata
--------
Note 9.1.1
Noun:
~6
~6 &
118
-~~:.
to yala
tu yalaktos
1..
to yala
G.
~.
kreas
ta yalata
(ton
to kreas
ta
~lata
ta
kr8ata
ton kreaton
a18ton)
tu kreatos
ta kreata
Grammatlcal Drills
att
to
aspro
:lne
Hza
kal.
at.
akrlV.
fn(e)
to
kat8stba a!'t
ft to niG1ma
:lne
!!
s1mera.
puU1sa
to
xra
1 prot8s18
att
tu
(e)
_e!atoa.
e:Us
8xue
8na ka16
a.
xr:mata, & n
aspro.
i-ne kales.
ta
ine !skla.
11018.
pa artn to katast1J8ton,
ka!!.
kaG1Y1tis
artn on _Wto,
ine
pol
eksipnos.
.u.
maeiata,
akr1"a.
Hza, ()
af-t.8 ta
fne kalA.
eiskol0.
ta
xrataI
ta aspra
tin.
:lne
ta
"pro.
xwe _a katast!Jata.
xriJa.
t.s
t8sUna.
1t.zata lD
GeU
art to za
exl
1101-' .
11018 xr"'B.
(to
Mia)
art! 1 fi ti maGenlJn
pol
aftn
to
Ga p8rl avr10
kal8 (to
aIJima)
(to katastima)
poa
(to
xr:Jna).
tus.
pol
119
meyali.
(to xr6ma
aftn
the sentence,
(avrio)
mera)
yan1,
avr10.
(pnda)
(st1s
ok't)
tin dra)
aft~3 ~~ spudaz1 ~~~ elin1ka. (avrio)
/,is ~okimsune
ta krasya
!!!!'2.
stis okt6.
(kaee mera)
f8me musaka
10.
(kaee mera)
tus 18
(avr10
s:lmera to n:lko.
pU piyenete
mera)
katast!nata
sti(m)
OO1
!n(e)
k?
xni
r&rt1s
(avr10)
ka1s'1
pel.ites
tu?
sas?
aft8 ta katastimata?
(avrio)
! xun
(ai
kala kustUm,a ~.
pr)
dra tr ~ E~:1
(avrio to pro:l)
iparxun ka18
(avr1o)
~:lte
pte1
katas~ata 1
po1e6s sas?
G REEK
BASC
COURSE
1111'1' ,0
10
.6
ker6s
.6
60 ger
t-r
nfnat.e
J'/l
aeina?
ow
_tayed, re_iD8d
Athens1
!.
Inina
peripu
&
i e0n4a
(the) week
6.;
1 akr6po118
-r
{at.e
t-r -r~v
no .;
. (e )p:fya
(!)
(.)"'no
-r6
the )
~t
btijya
ct li~.
( ) Acropol1.a
"
Acropoli82
vent
n, Xl!s to prof,ep:fya
eki [, az! ne
41us.
()
r:fsko (r6)
to !ind
vr:fka / evr!ka
v,
~fkolos,
easy
t,o eek8
x94s
(!)
, &
( _ta;yed
approx1utely.
&;
stayed, re-.1ned,
-,
'fkola
-i,
fO'Jnd
easily
121
o()1ys
B~K~ 6;
vrikate 8rkola,inan
yu
Did
tind. a guide
easi~
tound
ek81y
to expla1n
~y
eks!yi.se
he
~o.
~o.
x.~K~o.K~
i arxi tekton1k
(the) arcbitecture
naa
(the) taple
, ~K (
lepto8r1a
(the) deta11
lept.oMr1es
vnk8ae
nan, pu aas
exp1a1ned
in detall
tour on bo expla1ned
~y ~o.
eksfyise leptQ8r1es, to
/ x.~K~o.K~ ~
U8
naon.
.
1t pleasea
oe8e
1t pleaseci
&
sa8 are"
1t pleased you
.6~o
perietero
oat (adv.)
.6 6 & .
su are8e
peri8tero?
6~o;
d6, -~,
68 n.8
-6
al6,
Wh1ch
taple
d1d
yu
-!,
81Jpl
&au., -, -
8a_8108, -a, -
adertul,
&
parennas
(the) Parthencn
6 &. 3,
.( (.(/
.)
aplcSs ke eaws108
pareennas
xri81J8vo
The
81Jpl ar
(xris1-
/er
arxeos, -a,
ancient
(the) art
beaut1tul
to serve, to be
PSO)
~x
beautitul
Parthenon.
~/~~()
't, -, -
like the
use
LL
pu xris:1Jnevi ra
~~ a
te1ia
shw')
1 arxea
kata1aveno Ocata-
~C (K~
&)
to
wderstand
14vo)
~L, -,
-6
. -.~x
~6~ K~
shovs ('serves to
10
eliniki texn1.
~x.
Kat
i tan
CI!xni
~6 6 ~La
1IfI
ke
~Lug
raoymat1ks, -, -
o-kal1tex1s
(the) art.i8t
mo tte
t.t 1
kat8lava,
8rXei eUnea,
~a y~Ko ~x-
!ean pra~tik:
ka1it:xnes.
tbat
nc1ent
GreeJ
rea1 artists.
'
p6eon
ger
itan
aft drios
pe
p!ye st1n
ui
eOla
itan
akrpol1i
enan
tu eks!71M
st1n aeinal
k, evoies per!pu.
1,1
MUsta,
artS 1?
pol ~kola
vrike
tu ek8iyi8e t1n
en.n.
arx1tektoiJd ton
arx80n
nan.
l'; naB tu
irese
per1tero?
pareennas
veWoa.
18 lO?
t1
ixni pareennas1
1.
p6so
kat8lave
attS
Idr1os,
tan tn
tl1a,
barthen6na?
ka11texnes.
Narrative
!!~e~q.!: a ~ .
'~!:~f~~~-
last year
~5'
L6, -
Amer1can
,23
6 ~XEL !-fi~~s;.
xrnos
exi
O3eka mines.
nBB
month
6 L
everywhere
!pye rets:ina
mno
~~~
tlJe,
ElvaL
~E!:!!.!:!!.
oCC8a1on
tL
to
' ~~~~!~.
10
ru:1n
Lt
tov1vlo
book
iCSeran!kserane
they knev
&&
!Gelan/Gelae
tbey vanted
&.
L, -,
-6
&. 'QY~
.
slJer1ns, -, -
contemporary, present
kala.
()
()
to llve
ex1
pol !~!.
': 2YX~g'Q1l~~ -
lUe
tu n!ku.
: .
&
s1xn8zo
to v1s1 t of'ten,
to f'requeat
& ;~~;
ElvaL
.&.
",
ta ~~ katast!mata, n
oeksya.
-,
Q!_!~~!:g~!:!S;i
LL
& 6 ~!y!eQ
.
K~o .&
la1ka,
-:!. ,
popular
aresun 1 ~!~~~!!!!7
1 oBB~BB
mno kond8
fun,
amuaeent
center
pleos.
to kndro o1askeo'seos
1Zl
nightclub
10
afts
A~6 L
:me enas
Mealo
las.
people, crowd ,
so(much)
, & :. pU lo a mo elci.
kondevo(kndepso)
sanething)
wby, becaUS8
II<tC ot li 6L.
<t
~f ,
&c,
"La
! oc cv<tcX ~
'&C
&,
& 6.
~c,
r,'cv<t6 c , .
~ xcc,
'x&c CI. c
C6 ~, c ~c c6 L .
Mv<tEcxv t. cXv<tc ~
p!yan .Jd.,1
perisi.
pyes
plis
tis
'.
<t
pnde
eJd'l
e18~as
m1nes per!pu.
pIa pandu.
plyan7
st1n
:,
sti Oesalon!ki,
pU piyan
tan
pi"(811 stin
akrpoli,
naUs.
pses
tores
pla
p!an ek:
eld7
,25
merikes forcs.
a]'O
pu
ikseran,
ap
afta ta pra"jttl8ta?
011.
po1a viv1ia pu
avasan.
ps
simerinus elines?
ti
11 :lan ya
eaa.
na ta 1Ca) aftB7
pa el pu
ton a10
sj.xnazun
tavernes, sta
l(i)
kafena,
iaske8ses,ke ta
kzm.
i e1ines. stis
1ipa.
pu Icseri na z:t.
tBo
panda
poli pu
kndepsar.
na
5tin eUa.
Grammatica1 Notes
Verb: Past tense
Note
10.1
KaC
~~ K~
:1.
the
'
1.
~!.
be
erb
'be'.
ke t.te kata1ava,
understand
itan pra-ymatiki
re.11 artists.
kalitexnes.
terse
past
_21:
1.
V}()
mun(a)
2.
O(C)
isun{a)
).
~()
tan(e)
vas
you vere
hc,she,it vas
1.
1
Jaste
or
:ltastan
2.
/.f1
:saste
or
lsastan or 1888
).
San
~!:
:!tan
16
vere
you
werp.
they wcre
(. )
wer
10
Mote
10.2
a 1 akrpolil
E~ ~~ x6o~;
'
lxEt
personal endings.
)!ya
~o.
D1d
YOU
Acropolis7
alus.
naM
~E& a~.
po18 pra'Vlll8ta.
They leamed
any
th1ngs.
The present tell8e perscnal endings o~ the Class verb8 (used w1th present, ~uture
and subjunct1'V') e d18cul!IRd 1n 4.5.
personal end1ngs
'1he
o~
capl8te
the
set
Baae
o~
verb class.
21
!.
-a
2.
-es
-~
-ate
3.
-e
-()
-an(e)
!2~_!~~~
6 .6 (~ ~~
ae:na7
&;
thell8 7
'&a npayx'fa.
8aM :8 ~.
n. leamed 18 Mng.
W&v
ieelan na Iarun...
~H 4 npyx'fa '
ilaeran :8 pra~ta
~E.
txEt
_ tvl!a pu -
'fa .( ..
vasan.
The Greek S1Jple c:orr8sponds in meaning to the Siple Past in Engl1sh (11 d1d 80axi-ao ).
The SiJple Pa8t o~ C1a.. verb8 18 ~orred by (,) add1ng past tense p8r8onal
endinga to ~!!~!!!_~~ o~ the verb and (2) M~1E the stres8 to the th1rd ayllable
r
the end.
'n1u8, tor
stem
exapl,
(-
the verb
/arxis-/.
,.
l.
~rxisa
127
arnsame
2.
arx.ises
arxise
lXPXLcrav
arxsate
11
arxisan
arxsane
As can be seen fram this example, the stress 1n the plural forms
one syllable later than the stress in the s1ngular fOrmB.
the plural endings
-,
-,
-l
is used (as 1n
/8rrisan/ above)
/-an/
or
d1as)'llabic Class
'augent'
Bte !
prefixed to the
the
verb.
/8-/
'tI..B augent 1s usually the wl /-/ ("1th a 1.iJni ted mmber ! verbs l, as
augnent
-&
1s prefixed to
11
'regu1ar'
dissyllabic
or
rrI!I1' be
/kI.rw/
-,
-,
verb !
/kaero/, etc.)
this class
/lc8no/lo)
ekana
2.
8kanes
).
k.ae
that
tvo
'
'to do
d1d'
etc.
(~ )
(e)k4name
(~)
(e)lnate
the verb
/prno/ (
()
erbs
/ph:o/) 'to
l1sted
talc8
/pemo (p&ro)/
Note
6.2
1s
'kaDn
but:
k:6an
V'hen
(/
],
/ -arte/, / -ate/
-&
88
vell
a8
follovs:
'
1.
(~)
(e)ra
(~)
(e)pframe
2.
(~)
(e)pres
(~)
(e)pirate
3.
( ~)
(e)pire
()
(e )pfran(e)
126
10
( } /tro/ ( /1'&0/)
~.
'to eat'
efara
(}
()laae
efayes
()
(e)fayate
( ) / ( /pcS/)
'to
i1
etayan or
1'ayane
pae
q'
1.
2.
1.1tcx
Ipate
3.
!pe
()
Ipan(e)
,tuyltrr.,o/(!J //)
"
'to lene'
1.
"
'f1ya
(}
(.) yae
2.
c5fiyes
(}
(e) f8te
3.
efiye
i1
'f1yan
tIyane
or
{p,ya
i1.
pya
2.
~.
Ip,yeS
:!pyate
3.
.(}
()
t v
/- C!~ /
( /r.o/ 'to
go
1.
( }
( )p!oya
(}f)
()p!ya.
2.
( )
( )pyes
(l}nf)yaort
(e)p!yat8
()
(e)p!ye
()u-\()
(e)p!yan(e)
/v/ (;lO/)
1.
'to /
'
'ame
'
i6ate
()
!'an()
'e verb
r~rfecti steIn orr i8 constructed like any other 'irregular' Class verb ( ,
/vr/, /vrs/,
129
--
, , ,
/, vrikes. vrike.
, , (2~ , {)v/evrkan,vran!)
later Uni .
leprepe/
6;
~B nas
sas arese
er18tero?
'lbe verb
'L
nu ares1
or
narB1
'
'L
su ares1
or
sares1
L,
(i
mas ares1
'we
l1ke'
sas ares1
'you
l1ke'
tus ares1
''they like'
'rhe
8U,
pno
'liking'
L,
tu ares1, tis tu
b,y
gentlean
, ,
t.he prepos1t1on
li.kes th1s
XVptov L 6
ov,
teple e
/u, tu,
/s(e)/ 'to'.
auch'
be e1ther:
artS nae.
or
6.
6 6 L '6 6 XUp LO. atts area1 pol! saft (n) ton g:lrio.
and 1n
Xptaovv '6 6
XUPLO.
UIT ,
'to be near
to"
V't" (V't"f)
the veree
,
, 'to
be about
t1t1U& kondv1
cx,j't"~v ","~ { .
/kondevo
(kondepso)/
to'.
na
The
a1 atti t1 <Hsko11
18 about to I118ster
188.
Other ex8p1e&:
K6~: "& :i~6 ~6
kndepsa
nay0r880 att
aBo8t bought
car.
taft.odn1to.
:i~OK~O.
kond8vo na 18 10
art.
~6 ''6 ..
to -n:Ylio.
kndepaa
K6~ & . ~6
'
na w. 610
1Jlos
to kr..I.
c.
Ko~. & .~
1e.
el1nik4.
v~{ & ~6 : .
f1n1.h8d ('dr8k')
aU th18
kondm na III1ls1
.&.
Greek.
konde'VO na [~ to
'a
about to eat
87 _81.
IIU.
U88d
'
tense
d1d
o~{ (ov-rf)
.o..J!d-8'.
/Jmdo (kond8peo)/
l888
about. to do ao-end-eo.
Note that the.,.b
/kordo/ 1. ud w1th
v-r{
J!~~!~~H!
~!!_~!!
1
111
n:k08
_& xee.
eelane
Iwe 610 to
kr..1.
na
prye'Vln8.
e!5
afts
& ldm8sate
aerfus
618 ta pot8.
p8nde xrn)ra.
,.trcS
1can& pe aul
irx:aan ulyi pr:tn
Bta >
tu.
mazi
aers nu
ro stin eaa.
p!yate
5
saft to
kendro oiaskeMseos1
l'
eoosan lef"t8
ar&se
tBo
poll i
ldrle~
tl
na p!te?
pu isuna 1
giniJat"(raf.
af"ti
katalava
&
kanenan.
el8.oa~ pu
t! ef"ayes niko7
Qelame na
!nume k:.
Correlation-Substlt\Ition Drill
Use the vords in patentheses and change the umerl1ned verb according1y:
aerf"s mu oe na
()
(xes)
(Xes)
!~~ ya t1n
(Xes)
aebt
(prin
na
(prin
da evoraa)
yavazote
poIa vivl!a7
()
af"ts
ayorazun pol8
lne
t!
arts prnl
pra-ynata apaft to
6la ta vivl!a
to
(XSes)
katist1Jaa.
()
splti tu.
!. ewnia)
(pr!n
~n !!:!!~ eat1atrio na
()
f"_8.
(xea)
(Xes)
ar8si
kerS?
af"t. ~~ to kafeno.
()
(t)
af"ts
.
----------
(Xes)
1.
------
stam.
()
pU
eM prisi?
t! kinate 8d?
dna)
(XSes)
8 5
ti(n) OO11?
10
pu ea m!nete tu xronIJ 7
yavasate
nomizete
t{ noUz
nizete
sas arese
per1ster
eki?
11ete
*/angla/IEng]andI ,/yal!a/IFrance ,
na
Gelete na
pte
stin el5a2
dnete
18
/yernana/'Genna~I, /itala/'Ita1yl.
133
pima d?
Units
6-10
Review Drills
Fill in each b1ank with the proper form of the word given on the right.
it is a
ta fay1ta aftis
ine
____________aftQn
stin ela5a
xrma
}n
!ne kal8
i e1B5a
exete
pbxta
poli
exun
pl1z 88
fitit
exi
:itera
yineka
reksis
ine ka1:l o
yatrs
kar5y4
ya ti(m) b8tra.
pr:(n
5!
"
pnde
nosokno
attis _
arxizun
u smera
t&ksis
stin
__ plirotoriono
simtititis
~en
vivlio exi
ena meyal0
maresun i poles
ariemo
_
--------- "
yatros sas
aft
aftos
to
atts
~ 5
ivl!o xi
r8ftis, exi
spiti
_
mae1r.a
meali
kaeiyitis exi
vra()i
pola
rtasis
ertisis
ipiresia
bri
ar to
xrno
loyaryazms
ea parangilete esis
suvlili
yl1k6
enaiaterono
to 0
8xi
iPlili
atti i
! rekai,
ot
meyal1
mkos ea t!yi
ixate
tate
na
attu tu nosokomiu
i elines
kzms
ti(n) gar5ya.
orees
bli.
mu
xi
psari
retsna
po~
i 5ulya _
kuzina
oreo.
poli kales.
safti(n) ti(m)
--------- !ne
taverna
ine ftina.
aftos kseri
to
to ksenooxion
---------
nOstima.
epi tiitis
5ulya
134
to kendro
!n(e)
sas
aerfs
ex1
na
pol8
xi
!n(e) akr1w.
inan
d't to
tna
ta
tu
polu.
ta
ksenox!u
areai att!
aresun 1
xrma
!ne
pol
orees.
e.
pol8a
l1
t1n
pinume
eel\8le na
na
ker.
&t1(m) b&tra.
_
attu tu nau.
pol!
ra
;ya
kafe.
elinik
ex1
cal.
kotpulo
mskete pMda
akrpol1 lprxun
111181
8itul
- - - -?
prep1 na m118te .e
ora
tlo8
1cata&tnatos,
kat.8la"';no _ _
t!yate
pol
pme
alcrpol1,
-yraata
duzw
kras!
to
poll ttin8
ek81
811a
ti8.
8 !ne l&.
sta
exun
SB&
e:mera
atte
etro
_______aftu tu
Sn
t1& oree&
kalu.
_________ !ne
makr18
pukimiaa.
aral naJne
at1n
r8rt1&
e1cat
tu pl)'8nun
Sn
pertimi .
a'YOrune
aB4ta
torea~
e11.naa
kat8at1ma ine
1 1 tal!a !ne
t.u
tB'"
1 prezv!a !n(e)
at1n
kat8st1aa
!ne 1! akr1W&.
k8ero
kustUi
aft.ea
&
askass
~_.
ta .aUna
tus
k.
B4m.w 6 -10
poll
! yame
proeox
meyalo
poUt1z6a
sas.
as !
pote
ul
musaJs
ipuo
sas.
135
pelatls
maresi
piynun pol
stin i ta1la
afto to
kali tex.s
1e1 pote
en
panda
!xan
efxaristes
sitisis
freskos
exete
1ta_ton.
pulc8misa.
ine
i fili
It1JDos
ixame
pr8pi
ra
anropi.
ton
spityn
k8erete
i elines ine
ine
neyr11a.
pu1Jdsu
ine
ps art
sas.
ine
pol
-------
metak80ts
ep1.1dnins
1aOs.
naB
Bxi
a1'tu
xrma
etxhistos
mazi mas.
pri-,.ata
118J'esi poU to
t.&l1oa
pol!
paraira af'tn
IIIIlinoa
VDvakers
to fai sas1
aUya
ry
ta
yUsto
plB
a..asi08
y1nekes.
n6st18)s
_ _
eeni1aSa
aJpolis
en
oaus.
per1'boe
lri 88
aMnatoa
i italia
ine.
as arisi i
aerf
art
ta
.1' ti t
a.t't
to
0&0.
y1neka.
mu ine
yer.
ipilili.
estiatria
!ne poU
a!'t:ts tis
t.kseos
iomat1Jca
ine pol!
leri xi
kaears
8ksipnos
ep1vltes.
l-yOB
Verb8
eniB
aftos
Mn
xes
xr1mata
saftn.
no
610 to kras:t.
1)6
e&:I&
ta
8a8
8n
88&
(88)
attu
kau.
Al.lc8adro
Urn..e
k10 rU.koa
aft
e.:l1I
prp1
.t1n
prep1 na
..: xee.
1taUa,
------ to
------ po18
(..)
(.) 1 a
---_.-
xrnu
pSs ()
..t. &40
t:!
ra
!
8
t:!
to
ina
xrno.
~vl!o.
n!k08
81
....
pra'YUta.
na pi;y8D81ie t.a
r8187
.:lerA7
pii na
8t1n
e18e.
na
pzo:b
to a:.& tu { fore&.
pd
tu
tro
stin aeinai
(.&)
.n.
st1(n) davema.
aft
18 piad.a.
to krasf?
na
arta
ya t1.n eliCIa.
prepi na k8nete?
.
-..------
ayor4zo
okt.
sti.
l8.
Xe&
an.:t
pd
st1n
xrno
8na
Cl1
to
()
arnzo
kenU1'yes foreIS;ru.
~AB"
(..8)
'1.
- - - - pr!n
_________ na
akUo
xei8?
CIul,yi llti.
ile
ey
. xrnya.
peyB
ln1er 6 - 10
() peristero
an.
enCI1ariron
881't.
to pra-yUJ
xr1.:1a4ho
1)7
Harrative
~!_~f1Q ~ .
1n a while,
Co, -,
l1ttle, fev
~_f!~Q] .
()
to arr:ive
~~/ ~~
P1raeus
oo~ ~ .
x~ ~ ~ ~ , ~ ,
~ o~~ ~ t~, .
L'U ~ ~~o ~ lL L, ~ t~.
' oo~ .
' ' ~ ~
'~K ~ ~
6 ~K6 ~o.
~ f ~
~6 6 t~ ~ ~L
EiL L
L.
'
-& ~ 6 uL "
'.
~o KL'tora~ ~ (L.
6 laor~aor6PLO
L6 ~-& 6 t
'~ ii" 6 ,
~, ...
.
L,
x~,
Ma ' ~~ nLcXTO L L
6 t, ,
, ~L.
6 6
cnxMora,
ii-&
~ ~KO L
KL'aVTOt
uL L 6 -&
cf~ npt.ly
ii-&EMV
~ ,
YLcX
',
EIvaL
EIvaL uL ~o 6.
L 6~ L~6 '
fL ' 6L.
~.
YLcX
L -&cxL
6 -&L 6 L ~ 6 ~~.
KL'
~6,
-&.
L6
~L 6 .
6L
-&L, 6L -&.
n~L
' ~
6L.
~ L ~, 138
Revie
, la~~a~6p~a, , ~ ~ .~..
6o~.
npwt
6 -
,0
l ~~ ~o .
x~~~o~ ~ ~ ~~ ~6 ~ ~ 6
cf
~o 6 ~~ 'Axo~ U.
.
,
A.~6 'A~6 ~~
139
Unit
11
()
to
~ -rl
(the) bank
~ ~~K -r
ork
used to
ork. as orking
Oreece
6 x6~ ov -r ~~
& -r
years ago
Bank
unt11
6
t -rC
-.
Nat10nal
uaed to start
. (the) .rternoon
-r6
6K-rw
6.
to 1
the
aEternoou.
!-r
.
at
Greece.
W~ -r o~ '-rC
to
-
& !-r
& '
sere
fore1gn, fore1gn8l'
& ()
WEnPEnE
orked
l1x~
-r6
-r6
-r -r
serV8 ,) a lot
Eore1gners
ho anted
-r.
~6-r,
-,
lIIOst (adj.)
~6To~ '-r
-r
-r
Host
! theD
dollars.
-r o~.
to be vorth. to be
deserve
oeon, anyone
~o , - , -
140
value. to
G BASIC COURSE
Eva
~~
11
dollar 18 worth
'~ ~ ~
~y~
Greece.
-,
'.
-6
obvious
, -,
European (per80n8)
~6, -,
-6
6 Eno
<
~ x~.
European 8 eU
count..
~xo
to come
tPXOV~CL
they
( the) thousand
M~ LL
by tbe thousands
CC11118
coe by
tbe
thou_and8.
vhen they
cOIIe
~ 6o1.~
(the) beau~
~6
(the) cUmate
Ixclt1.6~
L~f (lL~f)
to return
MoL
L'v & xt ~ 6L
'", 6 '",
Mt
~ dPXCL6
~ ~, ~ou Luv
COM
and 1ts
and
888 1.
IIIOUIII8nts,
beauty,
the7
ant
8oret1ae.
L.
~ ui.& &yc
o~ vLCv.
1ndeed
'rh18
ork
very
1Dtreat1Dg
{Ib8d
1.
to
G R
S :
c R S
()
-/-,
to offer, to 8uggest
-
better
L-&
( the) salary
()
to
But
fv ~
L'v .
WaS
better
80
weU 1n that
knw
1eft.
101
102
110
LL
200
LL
300
6L
400
vL
500
600
!6.
700
LL
900
tL
1000
Responae DriU
-~ 6 6 6
:> f. \) 6
La.
~VL T~a
~ ~L 't~v 50LJ ;
..
'
1 6 ;
.6
6..
'
~ ' .
142
( ~6o~ o~
1mIT "
( ;
6 d(~ o~~o;
T~ .
( t~
( ~ ;
~ .
';
Exo~ ( o~
, ~xoT~ x~~.
.
( ~o ~~
~ 6 o~;
o~ o~
(, & VO.
( ~ ~y 6 ~ &-
6 (
~~ ~6To ~.
Narrative
6 ~ ~x. dnq.
6
.ei
a1rplane
~~ .
( (()
to
kn,
( ~ ' fe
.
.~ (.~)
' (. ~'.
6 (
1s1and
E~ iU9kx6 4 6
'.
~x6, -~,
-6
natura1.
i ;
()
to
br~
6 6 6 .
(6)
to C8sh
check
to
ee
' LL
for example
xXpLV L .
6 L6 .
L 6
'
~Xe:~
kilocram
etKOOL L.
~L L ' 6 6.
'L
LL , , , YLX
x~, 6 6 , L L
~o L .
' L L L .
'L
L ,L
YL~ ' ,
LO (L 30 xt '~ L
. L t t XXPLV
L 6 ,
L ,
lva LL YLX 6 Lv
, L.
L6L L !; O~~
L .
oo~ VL.
Respons8
D'iU
-----------_.
VL
L,
~L
tfVOL
' 6
6.
~L
rLX ,
a ,
L6
1 L,
L .
'
~xo.
"
& o~ ~o ~
~C
v'
~ x~ ~o.
vd o~o ~
~.
. ~~ v ;
a~o x~
6 M~6 OL ~6~o~
o~ /
~ ~ .
.;
dptaE~ ~ c;
.~, ~o~ . nc .
~Ccx.
''.; -" 6. .
The
1UII1
-Oat1rwous
correspnd.8
'1'b8
endinp to the
rohly
Cont.inuu
wed
to
Pa8t
tJe
contiuous
the Cla8a
verb
18
.r01'Md.
by
.C
teM
peraonal
Paat, e.g.
~za.~_!!!t!
U8ed
ar.r1xLng paat
UoM ! te SiJpl
X.t
Engl1.huaed to do so-nd-eo.
1Jperf'e<:t1e .tea
are tbe . . . . .
to atart D7 vork.
..i!!.8l!1!2~.22
. a
to begin
U8ed to dr1*
etc.
etc.
IpXIoCc
ipxtccc
()
ipxtcaoc
( )a-
&.;
or
.a
or
~xtcavc
,,
and . and
Note
11.2
--------Tbe
Sg.
the verb
you had
he (she J
18:
Pl.
had
~oCX
'
we had
' ';"
you had
( )
they had
'to come'.
'.
to Greece.
The erb
~o .
Cl.ass
verbs
Me .
had
';"
'to
11
be discuS3ed
:later un1ts.
shou1d already be able to use this verb in 1 ts three basic forms which are
fo110WS:
Present Tense
1.
2~
,.
~o. .
2.
~ .
~x'';" or -&
~';" .
o'I.
~-&
.';"
etc.
CO
~p
etc.
1 came
~-&
'.&';"
~-&
~.&()
Perfect!ve
Sten Fo
--------------------
1.
&
or
30 or
-&
2.
-&
cr
-&
&';"
&';"
3.
-&
or
&
30() q
be
shou1d be noted
~- - respectively.
-& ~-&
the S1mp1e
';" ~-&
';" ~-&
30
conb1n1ng
the
and
Other forms
..
this verb
ray
a150
';"
';" -&.
this verb wi11 be discussed in 1ater units J togethcr with other Class
erbs.
146
"
~~_~!~~
EvL 6 L L .'
L ~
L ~~ .
cous1"1
1nexpens1ve
~6o ~L ~~ ~ l
8.
.K~ ~x
L ' lcx
real art1_t8.
Cyo 1C4/..~.
.6 (')
'an
Other
1ns
aod1.fy
perSOM
a...'C6 -m36.
but (.)
J8r1ca lr'
exaple8:
1 y~~6
French doctor
"In6 (~
a Spanish sailor
6 X4.y~
8 Geran
Pao L'n)-nc;
\ .6 :WC1/
a French
~n.6
a Span1sh
va:6c;
profe_8Or
Russ1an student.
ho
t8pl.
~ y~K~ ~x
Qenn
~ c1'.K~ 6..
Rw_1an t
art
JdjectiW8 tbe f1r8\ C8teo1"1 {i... tho8e odif7 peI'8OD8) are 8l8o U88d,
1n
_l18h, ..
na.
Un
e.g.
1c..6(
-BUva:
&-
Russ11
With on.
tonu
8 .
except.1ona the adjectivea (or nouns) ot the tirst. categor,y have te1n1ne
in -.: e.g.
'
Greek
French
,47
VOI'W\
5panish woman
. (
German
Russian
languages.
' .3( l.
The languages
e.g.
study Greek.
various countries
y.x~K
"the
e1~K
Greek language
Oran
language,
~x
"areek
- y~x
French
- . ~x
Oan
- e1~X
Ruas1an... etc.
~-e~!~_~~~!_!2!:"'_~.
~x ~ .
Cireek
x~x ~ ~Ko.
Spanisb 18 -87.
y~x ~ ( .
18 d1rr1cult.
French
18 a beaut1tul lagua.
- - ( ~ .
~:
~x x~ .
'Ea -6 - ~.
'Ea ~' ~( ~.
- - - ~ .
- ~ ~o x~ .
x~ .
'E~ ~(
.
- - x~ .
-( ~:-;
( - (
-( ~' - ~ - x~
x~ 't.
't.
148
'
nfPVCJL
"
~ 3 ~ .
' ~
. A~6
~ ~6 , ~ .
't 6 .
t C~ ~ L ' ~ C.
A~
vL& 3 ! ~ x~.
&PXLCav
"'. '/
.
6.
XL ~V
ItL .ed
!- ~6 a C1C.
~3 ~6
A~6 fPXE~I, ~. 3 ~ .
'EoEtt x6O'~
A~6 ~ ~-&
~.x;
l.
l 3 .
'Ec1Ett
x~ . ~'t( t ;
~&~ ;
At~o lp&o\lv ct .
A~ xo~.,A 3 .
& l 6.
'E<J(j 6~ ~3;
A~6 ~3 O~ / .
' ~a '~ ~ x~
6~ ~8~ ;
nfPVCJL.
A~o ~pkv l 6 .
Transtoation
Correlation DriU8
------..--.-----------------------U8e the
change the
' ~2Y~~2Y~ ~ ~.
A~6 !!!4~!!
'EaEtt
nL1t'I'
4EL'&1
( 6)
(\l.)
..
A~6 ~6 ~OK~o
yta ~~ .
( )
(3)
~ 412~~2~Y ~ ' ~6 ~6
(.)
( 6)
xa~/.
A~6 . ~ .
( 3 )
pa8t.
L !~~ K~ ~
(~ )
~!~2~~ '6 6 L.
( 6)
r
atu~~ 6 6 .
(~)
L ~f2~~~ o~ .
(~ )
ReSpnS8
Exercis8
o~
6 :
o~ :
E~ ~o o~ :
"
L ' o~o ~K
" :
~ -&~ f ~lX;
-& 6 6 ~-&6 :
6 r&:
~ lX~
xat
1S0
12
tmit
12
George
George ('VOC )
M~/Mo.& (a)
to look, 1;0
seel lookJ
., M~ . .
Georce,
vho I
t.he cioor.
(the)
ailr.an
6 &a.
(the) telegr_
ya.
(the )
,,", -, -
re~i8t.ered
', . "
.' ,
let. t.er
telegrar.
You
Me
(. rLpyo.
.
. (~)
to wait
~T
wait!
6 6
. 6, . .
'ait
1nute, 1'11
coming right.
------------
here it 181
Aerica
to 8ign
()
15'1
a87.
~ ~6 ~6 ~
'~ ~.
They
Sign here,please.
~ ! .
~\)OW
to
ail
~\)o
,;
that you
() [ ~o]
~6 o\)~
(the) box
~6 ~\JL
-r6
(the) stamp
-r6
Do
a favor.
~o ~6 ~6 ; P'~o
-r6
at ('of l
xou-rt
~o -r.
~E
Put i t
)
can
you
( ov i
11811
ail
t') in the
na11box
It has stamps.
-r6
!
~&
-r&
10ud1y,
8trng],y
(the) neV8
& r1te
-&
vfcx
~ ~&,o.
6 ;
Coe,
nen
ha
15 the
!: ()
to hope
lnLaxfn-roxL (&)
to
&
lnLaXEcpo&Tj
that he visi t .
-r6
( the) unner
ia
'[6
xopt~aL
X~o
sumer
snething
(the) girl
to be
arr1N
& n\l~~/~o&
x~~!o.
that he be arri
~ ~o
Ko~~, ~ n~~.
, -, -
~6 Vt.:~
beeutitu,
band8cne
he doesn 't
npotM
(the) -dor1
Ncf l~ 6vo, ., *6 MC
*xt
,a
~6 o~&:~ ~ .
on.
to be good and
~!!e!!_~
-ru6-.
~C r~"pyov:
lx~
~x6o ~ ~6 r~:
-r K.~ v-r
.
6 ~ ~:
~
r~pyot;
6 -r~v .K~.
cn6v
-rv6:
Ncf -rou
cf .,
-rou
-rgv~
: .
~ )(
r~:
cn6v
-r.
.
66
-rou
.~yo;
-r6
.;
cll4 ...
~ .. 4
wu
c c
..6
t-r. .4 4 ClV-rpevrTj
..
npot...
--_._--
Ilu'rat.1w
; . (, 6,;
I~c;
. 6
-r6
.6;
_m.PA'.
a-r6 ~~~~e!~.
-r.M6
!!~e~~~! (, ~yOc.
abroad
()
Q~~~ C .
howewr
~x ~~!~ .
~~~f~~~ .
unrt
~~~~!~~ na~o.
he s1ts
M2~!~ ~x, .
as
~~~~~~ .
to be sorr,y
!~Q!g.
noth:lng
as
, na, -
!~~~~~~~:
1nter:i.or
:~~~!~~ !
.
~!~~~f! ~
.
to send
()
~ ~ !~~!~I l
mnY
order
~ ~~~Q!~~~! .
().&
8ddre88, d1rect1on
~!~!~:.
pacJge
telegraph o!'f"1ce
NewYork
' f ~3 &
a 6.
! .
6 .
o~ '.
.
~ na~o
6 ~x ' ,
154
t.
~~ ~ l '~6 N~o.
O~ l ~x6o
tnL~a~ 50 .
~6 , ~~ LV&uL ~o ~o,
I~ ~ ~ l
6, .
-----------~
LL ~ \lVC- ~oU
MIi.fe
rL~
C ~6 6 ~o
vcI
( ~~ lXE't.
Mlive. ~ ~ ~ lla:pw:
4.~Cl.
crr6
naa.fuo ro anL~LOU /
Ma LL ~6 'fCIu6.
) ;
'Aui. o~.A4
.4 i,
..\
'j ,c .v.r6 Ic,vc . ;
1'6
~O'
6 ya'AI wr-
'.
y&a o~ .~ c <r6ov .-
6 t.~CI" 50 o/.c.
f I,
d l~ / crr6 yac:
Ma! yp*jyoa 8 :.
MOy'ri
~.
r-t1cal lote8
-----------------
Oorp,
M~:
HEx~ u~o,
pLE rLGipyO
tSS
, ~ .
These
exaples
the vocative
As can be
8n
exaples,
hwever,
that
nouns in
Be
especiall7
b) MaacuUne
VO"-Atiw :
DOUW in
c) All
denoting a h1gher
(a8 1n katharevusa) ..
pror"aorl
Vocatiw;
Eeinin
ninat1w,
ho
..
8.1.
,w
, daughterJ
ad
ch1lciI
~~~!~!~!_
MeuliD8 nouns 1n -
S1rJ, no
CaptainI
b) Mos prper nanes in- the '9'Ocat1ve l1ke the accusat1ve-, e.g. .
~_!.!!.!:.
GeorgeI
SeeJ
U.f 6.
W81 t a
irwteJ
IJperative
0118
the verb'.
vo !orns:
'iJper!ective'
!uiliar 8
Imperat.ive IDean8
b 'perf'ectie'
'cont1nuous' Imperative.
iJp1y
'iper!ective'
,a
8te1 !
or
--
(polite
the verb.
F..xaplea :
.-
6cj cj-r
u--r-r
{--r
( .)
readJ
[.
s1gnJ
[ (ocj)
1:0 s1gn.]
8eel
(--
to
( u-r-r)
read.]
8.
SCe verb8 with 1rregular perf'ect1ve stem Iors ( Note 6.4) '1rreg.lar' Iaperat1ve8:
~~!:._~~~!:!!!
Pert.Ste
Verb
88,.
...
.-
. .-r /.-
t1Dd
-/-
drinlc
!!~:!_!.!:.!:.!.
Continuoua
-r /-r
"tj.)"tc
I8perat1w.
(tud.l1ar
--r
or
the erb.
~l.s
~"-
keep read1ngl
6 u-r
k8ep look1ngl
v--r
ete.
u---r
Verbs with vovel Btes (98 . 6.3) haw the t8lll1l.1ar IDperat1ve f'onn 1n -- and
tbe pol1te tOl1ll 1n
--
..
!.1!e!~~~!!!_~~!!!
Verb
-rp~
-rpw-
-r/--
aay
Note
'Ihe
* The
~~:._~~~!!!
on1,.
Cnt1nu0U8
Imperat1ve lonn
Sg.
&u/u/lfu
f'onn
7fTJyatvw
the verb
18
wed n
the verb
English 'helloJ'.
,S7
1s:
f- 2t
-r*
..
'1'.0 care'.
6 .. . npotx.
i:npereonal1y,
Present
Pas1'.
------
..
11 don11'. care
.&.
.&:
.:
..
..
! c'i
...
c'i
vo.
.&:.
1.
etc.
..
..
~o.
..
etc.
Gra8lat.1cal Drilla
------------------
''sA , n. .ou.
K~ .. ~&,
Dou
" ...
1.,dt ou;
cn,
.;
no.6 1. 6
6 cz6~ 6
t \
-:6
o&cz.
t &. cra.
rLiyo, "
Min.
. czxu6, ;
G.D.1
. 6 ~ ou .
lIfo& 6 & , .
u.. .
., . ou.
1Se
o~ ~.
~.
! .
!.
! ~, .
! .
~ , .
Mci 3.
~ .
! 6 .
~C 6 .
' , n.
~ .
" !~ ! .
3!
12
!i ! , !.
oC~ !
lxovv
! .c. 36 .a 6 6 .
! o~C~
av
~ .
oC~ 36 o~~.
SUbst1tution
Subet1tute the appropr1ate
phrasea 1n the
follov1Jg
Iperative 1'o1'lllB
sentencea.
E!~~!_y~_~~~!~6 .
e~~~~_~:~ef~~ oE~ ~.
~~~~_Y:~I~~~~!~ 6 6 nC~.
Ue~~~~_~_~e~ 6 6 oo~.
Ue~~~!_y~_~!~~ 6 6 3.
e~~~!_~4e!q~!~_~ . .
~e!~f!_~g_~~!!q~ . .
e~~~~__~~~~Q~!~ .
~e~~~~_~_!~Q_~_!.
.e!~~!_~_~~e!~~f!~ .
.!~~!_y~_~~~ ! .
~e~~~!_~_~~~!~Q .
1$9
E~!~~_~~_!~I~!~ .
E~!~~_~~_~~~!~ ~ In.
~E~!~%_~~_~~~~~I~ n~~.
~e~~~!-y~_~~& ~~ .
~e~~~~_~~_ef~~& ~ .
Respnse Eercise
-----------------
~ ~ ~;
~ j~;
rifE ..E -r ;
' ~xo ~ ~ v ;
E~ xo~ n. t;
no~cf ~ ~& ;
t ~ ~K ~ ~ ~i;
~ notx, \ ci ~ x~;
II6L ~ ~ i ~ n~~ ;
\ ~~;
. & ft~ a~ ~;
160
UNI '3
(the) servant
L/at
(the) a1d
& a
EtvaL
Our
aid's
husband 18 a sallor.
.
6 vL
6aL,
-,
world (adj.)
~
uL
aL
aT6
(the) hope
vL' 6
'.
6,
-,
-6
, ~,
EtvaL
'98r7 bard.
.
/u
UpfnEL
(,)
to
ear:q
M~ (M~a)
to clean
6 MTaTci
(the) deck
He bas
6 crc.
ao
npfnEL
aJce
up
ery
deck.
up
u MC
ake
afterwards, later,
(aoa)
beJord
(the) cab1n-
cn (aT6a)
6 L
(the) bed
ao ~
Atterwards he
cn L.
,61
ard
(uaed af'ter
verb o~)
af'ter
~ ~)
1'.0 tinish
(the) capta1n
~~6
(the) otticer
~~ ~~ ~ o~& ~pt
(un1t0J:Wld)
~ ca~ ca
the
o~xo Ma ~~K.
otticers.
capta:n's
cab1n
aD
those
/ (1)
Kopc:.o, -, -
tired
Ko~
1'.0 sleep
-&
tbat be 81eepa
.6 W oc~
io
tbe
hurt
ca C 6 ., ou
81~ep.
o~-&.
~o~M
Ji1losophica1r
fxE1.
.4 c~6 ~oo~.
.:
'
B.t
he
cno~ (u)
a aai1or l
to plan, 1'.0
tocUcI. Uo 6.c C~
He plans
can ve do,
4caa..
oooW
- ooof
he viU
6 CX;
a _11 s1'.ore
&
nou &ci
OKoo~,
.8".
-&'C C.
buy 8
sa
store.
!!!!~_~H
E~ .
o~& ~ ~
~ ou;
162
V8
he wiU
1)
nOL6
.;
6 L
6L
L ;
L .
LC L
L6L L
of L.
TC
L L
&
. - 6 -r-r,
-rC -r
-r -rL.
L L
L
L -
& ;
'.,
L3 6 ;
L'
-rwv
LL.
L6n L
-r6
-r6v
-rou
. .
.. ~ . .
&, -r ..
-rOV
Mv-ra:
-roii
/.
6 MLp6 .
Xp6VLtX.
3;
C 3 ;
8' -r
3 .
Narratiw
~tl_~~~~~ 1~. L~ .
Greece
port, harbor
6 -r 1L
6 ~_~p!.~.
d
..
cook
L6-r '-r -r
-r6
'(L -r.
-rL-rL6,
-,
tour18t (adj.)
-6
6 6 -r-r . '!!g~Q~~
,
16)
'<t:6
<ta: t :
<tpfa
YLci
ltalian
(.
t ~& v &.
cn::<t
Au<t& <ta
(<t::<t)
to stop
:&:<t: ~!~e~~y : .
L:~ (L:~f)
to last
ruu
joy
6 vL
~vL
&
L&VL
a<t6
".
LCLci.
-rou
l:n<tci x:w<n'p<tc MC 6
"EXEL :
' <t
4.
6 .
-rou
L6<t.
~6 .
. xc v U
wU~.
etw.
6 ~.o,
<n'::-m. / ~::
1I4t
'I~o.
in't~et tn.~
1Cll ".
. 6
.~,
eIVXL
EtMOaL
~6
6 ':u<tv
vc
YLci
U v 1Cll C. 1\ y~ .:.
1CIIt
:.
~!~!-~!!
& :\}.
cn6
VL ~o .:.;
IJW V . ,6 ~6 1.0;
ta~Lcx~6PLO <t
&.
"EXEL
' t :.
D6z M4~O"~ .;
a. ~6
6 .
O.KLta:
1CIIv L;
MaL~:,
:~
v :.
M4t
Lv.
Uv: ':~o'
VL ' ~ ':.
4 o~.o L6~L
L~L~
tL~;
164
&f.
. 6 6 . ~.
.6. . .
o~ ;
. '6 : ..
6 .: 6 . 6
'.
Notes
Present Tense.
. o~ .
He has to
6 6 . 6
o~, o~ : o.~.
w.1n
stressed
1lluat-ate
c!'.aracter1stic
the
the use
erb8 !
and aother 1n
Accord1ng1y, the
Cla8S
JW 80
that he
can't sl.eep.
Class 11 verb8 1n present tense {see a1ao
th1s class
(Uke
~!!!i'
[01118, on 1n
' -&. C
.. .
Gramatical
'D1e
they
1 ther
erxi 1n
/
!
.4).
Plur.
1.
a.
-~
or
-~
-EtorE
3.
-:
-./-e
-(}
"OUp8
~~..l cap
of
or
or
-e
-e
-e(}
class ot 'gerbs:
'D1e altemate
o:s
't,o 1888'
Plur.
-----
on
fonr..
1.
2.
3.
./
()
or
165
- cm
orn
or
or
(}
13
~~~_!
comprises Class
1n aU persons, e.g.
().) 'to speak'
.,- (or
Verb
~~.
-
Plur.
- fonr:
fonn
- or
tonn
,.
2!
().i
.ci
or
()~o
2.
.i
52:
(6).
.i'f
or
().'i:'f
3.
../.i 21:
().:
.i()
or
()./.()
~~~e_~ cpri
Verb
Class
lto be able'
Plur.
,.
2.
'i:
'i:'f
()
~~_!~~!_Class
he
qy
Future
eans
ecf
Cc:81U1lOUS
C1t:inuous.
tbiB class
! verbs
oned
8 .4 4+ ~.
8 ci~ 'f c.
' U
8i i~ f 4+ fcx.
!0t8 '!-.!
are
'tiSM.
da7.
buUd-upe,
wrb belmq to the Group a v1Ube arke4 (2) 8nd V8Z'b8 be1oDg1ng to th8 Oroap 3 WiU be
8U'kei (,). 8.1.
to
cx.cn
(a)
to thanlc
CW
(3)
to 11'98
"'
orns
ake up
(.)
..
()
()
,66
'gerb8:
UNI
Grarratical
13
Drills
o~~ f f ~~.
~~~ ~ ~6 ! '~6 ~6
oci;
A~6 ~ 3 ~~ t~ .
O~ ~ ~6
'~6 a~~ 3 .
~o f f ~'~OK~6 ~o.
~~ ~~~ ~'~OK~;
! ,
A~ ~ ~ .
6 ~~ ~K! ! ~.
3 ~ ~.
\ ~ ~ 3~ .
OKoo~ K~! ~ ~ ;
~f '~~o\ ~~ .
A~6 f ~!
x!~ ~ ~o! ;
~o! ~.
o~~ K!~;
~ '~6 n ~ 6K~;
A~6 ~~~6 u! f f.
COrrelation-Transf'oat1on
--------------------------
Change the personal end1!'1gB ! underUned 1rerb6 to agree v1th the prcnOUS (or ouru)
11sted
1 parenthes~s.
~e~!!~~~ f f.
(~6)
~!~ ! '~ ~ ~.
()
~~~~~~ 3 f ~ ~.
(~f )
(<)
!~~~~!!~~ K!~;
(~6)
~~~~~~~~ ! .
()
6 ~~ ~!~e~~! ~.
(~ 3~ ~ )
()
2i~2~~~~~ ~ x~~ .
(~o)
(!)
~ ~~!!Y~!~
(<)
A~ ~!~~y~ ~
()
( ~e!!~MH ~6 6 ~
167
(:')
66 ~~I~~ -
('L)
rLaTt
~l~e~~ ;
('L)
~~Xge~~! G.
()
6 ~~~~4H G .
()
6 6 ~~~~e~!~! G
('L)
e~!~~~ .
(6)
v ~~~~~! 6
iJ. .
(<)
~~!_~!"..!
8c 6a ~ V~
tpxoVTaL ' ~;
iC ~ o~ ;
pa ~ 6 ! 6 6 ;
0'.
BoT)'a''fE f u S -
6 ;
.ftcrc.
-Bxcc. ~
Df)"t'fE RO ~" ;
168
14
-------
tm.t ,4
pol1cun
-'l.lHa
(the)
(t.he) street
-'l.lHa, vL,na,
Officer, where 18
Aerica
street,
6 L;
-6 ''-
Ha -- ' .
--
EtVaL
(the) barr8Ck
-i - --.
~~e!~_~!~~:!!!1
old, aged, elder).;r
LLfv, -, -
EtVaL L LLv
\(Ha,
KL
Oh,
cn
l1ke _.
cbaufteur
~,,/~
danIt
(x~)(3)
to
'l.l-~
( the) ADbaasador
'' 'l.l-
~ -,
'.( 'l.l.
- 'l.l''.
-'-(-6
tL
'l.l.
-6 -
( the) sectiCll
~ (~)
(3)
oonaider,
(the) visa
(()
to give a visa
it
ot
x~~ .
~6
~L6 L, ~6
Aaerican
~~o .
' d
like to go
t.he
~6
(t:'1e) son
6~/6~
(the )jnvitation
" ~6 ~~ ~K~ ~
~cnELoE 6L . v
1nvita't'.iClll
1;0
go and
ee hb.
~6 .
'f.
'f6
to t..'tjnk, to
,~o
n1nd
{the) consul
~ (~)
in
"E~aL cn,,~o.
Me
(,1
cn6
~o ~o otlou,
~o
lr
"
~6 xt ~o ~~ "
t.he
some
ge't'. ('ask')
jnfrratin.
-..
cxoc.
to
80
"X~a .. o,. -. -
wetul
(o~)
(1)
appear
he appear
to help
" l\141 , ,
tura out
"
to
ay
1sh
you].
~..!..~
.t
~~ KUpta ' ~6 ;
'f ~ 6 A~K.
14
~ , K~
~ 6;
' .
~ ~ ~ ~K~
~ 6 ;
. K~ .
6 '6 .
6~ 6
;
6 ~~6 , 6
~~ ';
~~~ ~K;
~6~ x~ L,
~ 6~ ~~
rL 6 L
~ 3 6 L
~o ;
6 ;
x~ , 6
x~o
o~ ~x~
.
Narrative
NKo~ 2_!f~f~!~I2~ o~
~ .
:Q_~~2Y!2~ ~
wealth
~o !~~_f~~!e!~
~K&
opportW11ty
~ 2_!e~~2~
nanner
6 G
~~!Q!!~q!.
~
:impress1on
~o 6 ~ !E2~~~~.
frightru1. dreadful.
terr1ble, tremendous
171
K~~6o ~x~ ~o !~
1n!luence
6 ~~~!e~!~ x6~.
~~o, -, -
:1Jeasurable
''EXE'rE !..l.~aa!.~~_ ;
~6 ~a~~o
pasport
'e!:2-.
w K~'~O/X~~o
- ~el~~!~! a~6 K~o
1t 18 lo<:ated,
s1tuated
.
Ccxo~
to be tound
av-m
1IOU
"-:
MoVro
_k
"X'ra~
.ta
'~Ma~ Ko~ ~
.ca'r~.6 ,,".
~ 1IaC.
B'qC'rIH
O'W
N4t
'ffi'
o~ ,," .
~f2I.!!!.!!:i..!!
u & & ~
~K.
_~6.
o\~o ~, _~
nou
~,
"Exouv
& , ,,"6 ;
K.~..
fxouv
~o ~ 'U'rV.
' ;
'
&
& ;
&
.
6 '&;
'
.
, ~x
.
~ .
Grammatical Notes
!~~_!.!!~!. Noun: Tb1rd Declene1on.
(Th1rd Declension ~
2)
~Tj'm
1n katharevusa)
t , - ('lhird Declension - t , -
in ka t.harYU8A)
~~~~~ , .
uYaoEpa ~~~~~~~~.=.
then askB
~ .
He sent me
& -
---------
I;SlW~
U8
quest1ons.
an invitation.
a
nuaber !
sentences
Nightclub.
!~_~!~!e2_~~~~~~~~~~~
reads
U8
traditional1y called
'Th1rd Declension'.
17)
sne
s1ngle fonn in
nouns
every
ems
80th
on
and
E:ple&:
s~~.
Plur.
~.
-&
~.
G.
-&
-&
-&~
'
~.
*
*
-ors !
and Acc.
cplete
tb1s group
th1rd Declension
ll.
:'.
-.
:'/:'
-.
~~_!!!~!.:.!
-.
F81nin Houna 1n
1 t 18
tt
part
o~ 6 &.
In
- C, -& / - , -
61.0
proper
nae
Two ....eeks
U8
approxiJately.
IWorld. Hope'.
These
Ne vorks
18:
Plur.
~~.
OUU
ons, hvever,
have been
caly
replaced by the
miern
Greek
-,
-&00
1.8
(su.ch
) ....ith the sing1e exception that the ~!!!~!!!_!~~~ end1ng thS&8 nouns
wsVessed.:
---------
~~fi~
~!~
't"
't"
't"
't"(
G.
.
14
. 't" . 't"..
perfect.
Feminine nouns in -'t" are declined like those 1n -(, - (Note 14.1.2), i.9.
!!~~
~~
.
. . 6 't" 't"a
n,'t",6't"'t"
G.
't"
.'t"
't"
n.'t".'t"'t"
't"~
n.'t" .6't"'t"
't"(
n.'t".6't"'t"
The katharevusa counterparts ! tbese nouns end :in.t 't" , e.g. n.'t".6't"
Nouns in
deri 'id
!rc t-he
-.
and
. 't", ., n,
O!!icer, "here 1s
6 ..
! nasculine
-.-------------
(e.g. (
(cop&re;
street, please2
't" ~o .
AJerica
nouns in
der1ved
!rc
the katharevusa
The nouns
and
are 't"
in
kathareVUBa.
'Jhe katharevusa !orms
these
ous
vi11 be discussed t.ogether vith other Jrd. declension nouns in units dea1ing with katharevusa
gramat:i.cal !orns.
't"
'three' and
175
I!our'.
and
agree
1n gender
thy od1f'1'.
(i.
~Io
G.
Ae
Anotber 'declinable'
, ,
nunera1
'one'
!xamples:
\ 6 .
he
6 .6.
\ie
6 . . et,.
no
knor
he
vife
L .
1n.
houae
'1'be 1uggage
.-
a friend
ot tbose tour
touri8t8 18
here.
't xa&
co&cn..
1'teD~
three _a110rs go
the
bsrracla.
a~.
'Ihe
8d
E'txoa.
1.1
other
nneralB Ercn 1
'Ihe
to
etc.
199
are
dec1ensin nuerals
!~_!.~ Nou;
F1r8t
CCIIIpO\1DCI8
agree 1n
fran
Dec1ension case
200
up
1 a&
1n -
exap1
(such f'or
'Oe-',
'three '
'orteen' ,
Uy 08 .
end1ngs in katharewsa.
nouns
8uch
1necl1nab1e;
. \ \.
IBascul1ne
n. .ral.s
II1
aa
.,
a&
etc.) are
UNIT 14
'1he
oonplete
.et
!on.
case endings
such nouns is as
!ollrs:
---
~~.
Plur.
-&
E:ample:
11.
J}.
.
Gr'llll8tlcal Dr1l1a
------------------
A~ vL & 6L.
A~ 6L vL o~ .
A~ ~L fv vL &.
CL
YL& .
'& L L.
A~ &faL L o~ ~~.
LfL
~ !
~~ &.
vL o~ ~o.
A~ 6L vL
fvL .
vL L'~6 o~ ~XOvV
~&.
A~6 ~
vL Ko~ ~6
&6.
A~ L L&vvC .
.
& nC~La ~ ~ 6 vL L.
6 &~L ~
f ~ ~ ~~
tVL ~& vL
&L.
6 t ~
vL 6.
&~L ~o ~o ~ vL
~v~~L &f vL
&.
~.
& L
'&
EtVaL KO~&.
LL v
6.
vL
x~ ~
&
~ .
' ~.
x~ ~.
x~o x~
3 -
3~.
6~.
~& .
.
6~ ~ .
o~ 3"C'o
~ ~ .
~ .
~ .
- t~.
3~ ~
"C' . x~~
' .
~x6~ v~ 1 .
~
'
lfanp.
6 ~
o~
~ .
~
.-
~
av"C'IIV
'
ux ~ . .
~ ~x&.
. . ..
~3 ~
\l1.a
cn\l\l
~ lX
~xo.
6"C'cS
'twv
. crra..
fx~ 6
"C'6
~x. 3..
6 6 ~ ~x~ o~.
n6c..
6 3 .
6 .
0 ~ "C'o "C'-
xf~.
~v&~ .
3 3 ~
.
"C'x ~ "C' 6.
6 ~ ~ ~
"C' 6 ~x.
~ 3.
6 ~x.
~ ~ ~x
178
L .
~L LV.
L ~L .
L L L
L lL ~.
6 LL.
L L ~o.
tL ~
L .
L L
a L
L ' 6.
L Lwv
L .
L ~L L
~L LL.
Ma !L L 6.
SubslluUCIIl
Subst1lute
plural foras
the
h_
ords
in
parctheses
Drill
necessary.
~~ef~ L .
(6L)
~a !!e~!Z~~!~s; L L.
( L)
~2~~~!!.
{L)
'6 6 L6 ~~ef~~.
(6L)
6 !x~ Iyyg!~~
(~L)
!~~!e~~j
( LL)
t~ ~~!e~~ .
(4 )
!~~!e~~ L .
(L)
()
14
~6 !L ~~~~~2~.
6 '!!~~ L 6.
( ')
~ 3 t ' ~~~!.
(L~L)
Subsllu
179
aropr1a
(2),)
( 4)
~6 LL L !e!~ .
( 1)
!~! L 6 .
( 4)
~OK~ ~ ~ ~ L~~ f
EIvaL .
(33)
~~! LL.
( 4)
A~~ 6L ~XEL ~.
( 3)
( 3)
~!Y!~ ~L ~ ~ Et~L 6 .
(.)
~Q2 ~~oC ~
( 3)
EtvaL o~ ~6 .
~XEL ~!Y!~ .
( ,)
crr6 - ~ ~~ ;
LMa~6 fj
'A~~
tXEt.
uL
YLa~C;
NoC~ ~po x~
LL
tci
ciplaEL
~L
L ~u ;
txE~E;
-Ex~ , 6 . L~Lt o~ L6 L;
dptaL ~6 Cl~ ~ ;
Y~ crr~v o~ ~'~OK~6 ~ C~ ~6 ;
JIo~ v ou ~ ~;
84
,80
L (L)
to
dadd;y, paPA
(ox~)
to obl1ge
ton1ght
L, : ,
"OxL,
XL "6
6 .
belie'V,
aga1n tonlgbU
hne
1n accordance
t (~)
to go
outa1de
EIvaL L6
'S
th1nk
-& /
-& &.
, DOt
to ."".
&11, far
ce
f'rn 1
out
'l'he 1 ('accorcUng
all.
plaM ) 1 t s
t1Je
for us to go out.
~.
'" ~
'" lt/lt
(t..'1e) newspaper
LtC
to advert.1S8
(Lt)
6 -&
~ ~ lt,
LtC
L -&.
(the) spectacle
Look up 1n the
amusenent co1wn !
the
1n
h1ch
"E&VLJW
tC (: )
National [theatre]
plq,
perfon
l., -, -
stingy, niser
, &.6
(the) actor
( )
f!:
, -, -
excellent
6 '&.6 6 .
&. '
6 . ..
are excellent..
TIItEI.
0.1.
(~){a)
to telephone
~6 -&fo
(the) theatre
(/)
1" '(IItE .
(,)
keep, reserV8
yocx. {"}
to
~y."
vhat
6 "
(the) telephme
8&
,,~O'
0"(6 -&fa'(O
.. 'U
can
bece
bappleci
the tbeatre to
l'88eMe 8
..
'(6
bo,
"
'(;
t" (tEXdO')
(1)
to forp\
'f.x/.v (ep'f.at/.t)
&6/
yet,at.1ll
() (1)
B~ ~~
U' ca "
'(6 ~.t"
Oh,
6.
It's out
d6., -11, -
'(".6, -,
frgot
to
-6
1Ou
in charge
telephre
)'8t.
(adj.)
'( .
l.
.
.
182
d6~ ~ T~
ne nan
eplyee
a~ ~x~ &~.
Telephne Copan;y
T6~
18
vhere e]se
'Jh81
her
elae can
go1
~cy
(the) t.ragedy
~o~/~~
(tbe) tourist
Not to preek] tragedy because 1t v111 be
l~ y~ ~~.
h11
! tor1sta.
~o, -, -
certa1n,
~~o~o;, -, -
,.,
'cn
(tbe) beat
,.,
(the) 80ul
Yu '1'
f ' x~ .
Nwbers
----,00,
x'~;
aooo
~; ,,;
~aa,; ,,6;
~ ,,;
5000
,,;
,0000
,,; ,6, ~ ~
", ~ ,
20000
,,
,00000
l~(i,
1000000
ot
X,c
,a~(i,
ur
'~~!E!
lx~6
(Itte
vacatin.
,.,
job
Mll10
'5
~I!~~~-~!!
J.
L ;
Tt
UO TL
LL
L' tL.
L ;
Tt
'' L, -&
li .
EIvaL L
[.
Tt
YL
L
o~ Lt ~ L
-&.
na'- C1'f
'E&VLc6 -&bo;
n'o &oOLOt;
.VO.
Na,
~07tOLOt :
' L
npfnEL
~ ;
;
UnfPOXOL.
a -&fx
llpfnEL
''OXL,
YLxTt
8&
".,
L~.
&c6:.
6~o
T6o-c lo ;
'ETxLptxc;
JInopouv
lYLvE
L6L
~XEL L.
lb -&L :
,
liv
x:t 6
& ,
YLX
--
L'u;
OTL
L & L
UNI'L 1S
Narrat1ve
M'f~X~e!Q!QQ~~ v~.
1t pleased.
('useci to o . )
v ~~~~!Y!I ~v
lI~o
v, -, -
last, past
K~K6, -,
cla.81cal
-6
A~6 ~6 ~6 ~v x~
o~ M~50
~6 &&
depth
role
as
00.
as
~~~!~~~ ~ &v x~
o~ o~ o&y~
~~6, -,
-6
draatlc
&
-6
poar
r~ ~~~~ ~6 ~~ ~o !
~o~ ~oo
;~ (;)
6 ~!2e!~H v~ ~6 o~
o&~o
~&v (~op&~)
A~6
to acldew, 8Ucceed
knon
-6
d VWC1'f6
acqualotance
although, Vl1 thougb
lfv t
V~~6v.
because
natcouv
6 ~v v
V~~6v v~, ~, 6 ~ ~y ~o .
185
~ 6 ' .
~~ o~ ~~ a' ~6 ~~o.
'~ Ma'
a~ ~o~ ~
~ ~ ~6o . ~ . ~6o ~6
~~o.
.. '. ~ ~o.o' ~
~ ~.K - ~~ . ~x.
~~
"E~aL ~x.
~ ~ ~~ ~ 6.
~!!~!_!?!!!!
.,
~oo.o . 6~o
~.6;
, ' ~.6;
' 6 ~( .
~o . ;
. ~.
. ~o.6 '. ~6
., ' 6
~L6;
6.
Ma c
~ ;
' ~ f).& vc a
P~.
' ~6~ ~ .
~6
3~o;
L6 l .
r.c~;
~'o~ ~ x.~o 6
~, 6 ~~o.
~CI .. . ~
~ ~ ~.
. ~a a~.K ~x.
-l30o.o;
. ~~ ~x &.
~M ~6~ v~;
~, .
.
. ~ a~.K
6 ..
, .6~. '
". . ~ . ;
166
,S
&oo~6, ~~ ' ~6 .
Granatical
------- Mt
Notes
Per,fectie Be ,fon.
~ ~ &
&'& 4:.
~ ~ .
Perfective 8te1n
--,
--,
Cla88 11 verbs 18
--
or
--to
,foned
the Present
Verb
by add1ng
ste !
Present
~-
'1:.0 speak'
lto be able'
11:.0 laugh'
'to consider "orthy' ~-
the
on
~-
~Ste
--
O\.l
(O\.l)
(3)
1:.0 "orry
&
(&)
(2)
to help
(~/~) (3)
1:.0 last
()
(3)
to
()
(3)
toexplain
l\J~
(l\J~)
(2)
to
\x~~
( \x~)
(2 )
1:.0 please
:~
(:~)
(, )
to ask for
(:~)
(3)
to
&
(&)
(3)
to oonaider
Kp~
( ~)
( 2)
1:.0 hold
(~)
(2)
to speak
( )
(3)
to be able
( )
( )
to ,forget
t\Jnvw
()
(, )
()
(2)
to save
187
to me.
e.g.
t.he
Per,fecti e St8n
the1r Perfective
erb,
~-
Class 11 verbs
to seDd
Steb
~-
the]
Coures
lDeaD
Br
l1e
"ake up
(oney)
f'1nal
/a/
(,)
to beg
()
(, )
pa88
(.)
(, )
be hUDgry
(f)
(, )
hurt
o~.
( o~.)
(, )
to preter
()
(, )
to
(~)
(, )
to 8ak
~~
(~cx~)
(, )
to stop
(v)
(a)
to excuse
(V)
(.)
to agree
~o
(~o)
(2)
to mall
(~)
(2)
to telephone
( )
(1 )
to deatroy
tOJ'118
! tbe
!~-!~!.1=.!..
( )
trn
Aa can be
prtective 8t8
and
have tbe
\888
and
pre8ent a't8B.
The
peracal
Cl8
end1Ags
te OII
S1Jple
-.
orthograpb;
the
.ea
and
the verb.
1Ibre intead -.
erd1n.
are
the
-
Bocnd
and
Ba &8
and
tb1'd
those
the Pre8ent
per80D S1ngular.
Nspect.1e17.
Eple8:
.ea
.ea
!..o:!-l~!
'
.ea
ask
~ ~~
etc.
-& ~o()
6 !~~!~~~ ~
We tound a guide
.~K~o.K ~ .
arch1tecture
--------------------------------------------------* '1he
1 at pers.pl. end1ng - 1a somet:1JDes used 1n
lrathn11\Den1 1nBtead
-.
,88
ho
expla1ned to us the
temples.
SC
GREEK
Glass verb
()
!
the Class
ste
COURSE
'to explain'.
tense personal
and shifting the stress to the third syllable fran the end.
I f the nurJer ! syllables 15 less thall three a stressed au~ent ~-is pref1xed to t.he verb.
~plB:
Class
Verb:
Perf.stes:
,-
(2),
(3)
(1)
(3)
~!J!!~_~~
~~:
1.
()(
()6
()
1>.
()
()6
( )
3.
()
()6
( )
( ),
( )
( )
( )
( ) ,
()
( )
()
( )
()6
()
.
!2!:!-!.~:~
, 6 V.
her
shws
the use
uch.
Class
verbs.
'1he Cont1Duous Past ! this Class ~ ~bs 15 t01!IIed by add1ng the sutf1x -{)-
tbe stem
tense.
the verb.
'lbe sutr1x
-- 15
~~~~_~~~~~~
al.,ays stressed.
Plur.
~~!.
2.
general~
() ,
() ,v
(),
(),v
(),
(),()
Continuous Past in
nov o~o6a
,89
to
sav1ng
15
'n1
by
neans !
--
another !onn
S~.
Plur.
1.
()
() .
2.
()
().
).
( )
()()
'lhis !om of C<:.t1nuous Past 1.8 8OIII1n8 uaed 1n 11eu ! t.he !or 1n --
'Ibe wrb ( )
~!J1I
Plur.
1.
())(L't:
() )(L't:
2.
()-yii
())(L't:
3.
()
( ) fj)(L't: ( )
Hote 15.5
---------
h1.rd
nons
Declens10n Neuter
-.
1n
& . .
~o
'tou.
Plur.
6.
Ad.ject1'Ve8: SbU't
. t8a end1ng in a
custers.
~I
~-!.~!!
-(see
st.ress on
.'t'CX
.6
.:
prparoxytone te1nj.ne
adject1ves v1th
vel.
Nd . lS. . ;
You
6 ~. u ~.
nay te
there vm' t
ascul1ne on !
te
a soul there.
is stressed
on the second
stress to t.he
adject.1ves vit.h
seccnd
syllable
~l Bens
frn
the end 1n
fen1nine
18 regular 1n katbarevusa.
190
fOl'llls
'n tE nay
t.he
or
nay
not
or
.;
or
varied by inflectional
tendnations, thu::
~.
~o
~6()
~o
Other :1ndecUnable
nouns
are:
~6 a
elevator
~6 ).,.
rad1atcr
~6 6
sport
etc.
Ga8at1cal Dril1s
------------------
OL
).,).,).,. -& ~o
)., .
. ~t ..
-&
A~ -& .).,
t.&.
. &~ ~ ...
M)~6 -& ' ~6 &~o ~6 .
. H&TI~
~6 ~6 &.
~ -& ~;
.
vd
~ ~o~
~6 .
o~ .
~ -& o~.o
~6 &..
. '~6.
~~ ~ ~
. -& u~
.
G.
{.
..
n1lllber ! nouns
1.e.
15
~ .
-& ~ . ~
191
,,"
L
,,"C ~
,,"~~,,"
,,"
,," x~a,,".
~ ,," ~,,"~ ~.
,," -.
L ,,"c; ,,"
,,"6
u~
nO,,"LoUoav
,,"6
Wa .
ao ~L ,,".
ou ~o\IC LC "':
au&.vo
~o
'auu L ~".
&6", ',,"6.
6 au ~ ,,"~ ~6 &la,,"o,
,,"6 ,,"~ ~a L.
IJiv,,"a La L , ,,"~ U .
T~ Ka,,"O~ ,," ',,"6 xfpc.~
cf& ,," LL u ,,"6 .
192
'S
Transformat1on-8ubst1tution Drills
subtitut1ng
frn
1Jderlined
, ~e!~_~~!_~~~~~.
6 ~~~_~e~! .
(aUPLO)
6 6 6.
(aUPLO)
L Q~_!~~_~e L .
(6 )
'6
anCTL
(' )
vQ~~_!fi~_~~~~t~~
6 L tL L.
~~~_~~e!.
(aUPLO)
!t~~ 6 .
( 6 )
6 ~6o ' .
(aiJPLO)
( )
UgL~
&
Subst1 \
~~E!~
.
.
1nto
Contb1uus
(6 6 )
mderl1ned
past.
( )
~ 6 .
8 ~~!~~_!~~_XE~~~.
6 ~ Q]~~e! 6.
()
8 L ' ~E!~.
8 '6 n Q!!~_~Q2.
(,
~ !~_~~~~
()
Xp6VLa)
LK&)
K~ )
~ .
!~_~~~~
~&
6 )
()
~~e~~ 6 6 ;
()
~ !~_~~~~ .
( )
8 ~!~_~E .
& ~ L ~~_~B~:~.:.
()
193
EtL
Transforation
C1unP.
Siple
Drill
Past:
~~~~2Q~~ .
!!!~Q'2~!~ ' n .
'~~X~E!~!~1 ~faTPo.
~!!~~!~ .
Mf ~~YX~E~1 ~ o~ ~.
!!2~~.!: M.~ .
!!2~~ ~Q'2~!~ C L
2!~Y2~!~ a:.
!YY2f~!~ ';
3 ~!~~!~~ o~ .
~E2!!~!~ !~~!2~Qf!f
(~ ~ ~~E~~~ .
Tpfvo.
~!!Y~!f o~ ;
~Y!l~Xf!!~ M.a:~u.
~2Ef1!~ v ~~;
~f~Ef1 .
~~!~YQ~~~ ~o ( .
M!~~!~ ~!4;
ov
~~!~Q'2~Y
E~~!~ f ~;
ii
X~M~!} .
ii ~~!! ~o.
!!J~!:f~~~Q'~
3 ~~~ x~.
ii !~~!Je~!~Q'!l .
~~XS~f!f .
~!~Y~ f.
8 !~~~~!~Q'!l .
IIoa
"
cnIjv
rouaLYKTOV;
rt;
~ cn ~faTPo;
C ii i \ ;
6 o~ ~~o 3;
6 K~6o;
llOLO(
30o~o
ECZ
Tov
EVpwna~M.OV
M.~Oo
~M. ;
~M.6 ii ~ ~ ;
~K ;
ii ~;
194
ii ;
~3
.
.
Fill
fon !
or
t-he r1gbt.
11' 11'. 18 a
the article.
tJouns
6
'&
-.
6 3 ~ 6
6
' ~xo
8
'
. . L .
_________
X~
-.
'6
"
~ ~o .
195
A~
&
0'
~o L
ElVL
A~ L
~~6
~o
lxEL
npfnEL
~t
o~o
~ pfEL
aLvoUPYLo
~.~o
.&L6
'!t & L
! ~ x~~ ~o L
dL
tLf
&~ ntv ~ _~
EtVL
~o
<-
ant~L ElvcL o~
~ 'I~o
L6~L
16
~ ~ LL
dpfou
tL
& ~ ~
Tou
~6o
K~tPLO
a6 6
EtL
~XEL
~ ~ yao
ElVL
6L
~~o
~XEL
6L
~XEL
~L
L6
ao
V ~
~~
DL
&
~~yo
~L~
~x
~~
'~
y~
~L
~xo &
'lKELV
'
ya ~XEL L
~xoo
tnL~y~
~oo
L~L
~ tvL ~6 L 6 ~xoO,
~L
~yo
IX
lKEL
6 ~~o
uAv
XLp6
~Lf~
L6~~
L-&6
fv ~~
'~6 ~y ~ L ~oo
196
~o~
<1
'-& ~xo
Reviev
6 L ~'taV 't
't
LL
't6 , &
av't6v
'tLv
__________
'tpCa Xp6VLa
Mv'ta
'
EtVaL
~o.
.__
liL
'tCnO'ta.
'V't
t'taLpCa
't6v
6.
L .
'
L
't
-&a
._
C't f a
't6
~vL
!'tL
~-&o
La'tL
!'tL
tL.
CL
V't6 -&fL
TH'tav
La
V't 't .
EtVaL
V't
'tCL
uO o v't
tfPE'tE
't L n6L _
-&
't.
-&
'tL
v6'tLv Lv
't6v
1$
't
MnOLa
11 -
''t
!V'tL
Adje<:ties
------&
'tpCa
fa'tELo
__________
Av'toC EIvaL
't.
't
EIvaL
6 L
't.
vL .
&v-&pnoLo
'tL v't
v't
't
.
~XEL
~'tav ~ ~o
't
6.
't.
'tVL'tL6
x~o
't6
L6
197
_________ HaLp6
~6o.
LL
l.
tCL
'.
'~ ofO
txovv
Hat
LC.
EIvaL
L ~ & ~
~A
~ l v
~A HC
LK
~o
_________
naCtEL
v
v &
--------- ,
L.
EIvaL
LC
EIvaL
A~
, ~ 'L.
LL
/L
&~L.
LV
~~ 6 .
Verbs
'
x~ V.
'
v 6 .
3 'L.
L lt~
~
~ ~
6 6 CL
X~
'
'6
6 VL
v ~.
'
- -------- '~.
__-----__
L 3
nplnEL
'E~ 3
nplnEL
(PXOxL
v v ~o .
~o
x~
VL L
tL .
' .
'
6 CL.
~
v
50
L.
Review 11 - 15
~(
Ha
~6 ,
Ha-
6 (~ .
o~ ~
~ o~ ,
K~
x~
X~
Ko~
()
'
~K.
K~
~6
6 .
o~
-m
uOT~ ~
&
~.
()
CS .
HH~:
'6
()
HH~:
~o .
Jt
f~
~K
~c
HH~
~oo
~o~o
~.
Ha
!~o
X~
~K.
~.
' ,
o~
199
8fovv
&
a~&
!.
~a'
~o ~.
~~a 4 ~o~
To~
~&
Xaoa
~ ~
&~a
&~~
~o,
~ ~6 K~tPLO
'& 4
K~
xaC
a ~o~a.
a~o
M~6 4 ~
n&
.
~6 K~o ~ 6.
---------
o~ 6 "
cno~
, ~ H~&.
--------
Narrat1ve
Mat o~ ~
uj ~ o~ ~~
v '
o~ ~ ~
! & (
~~o~
fYLvE.
~'M" ! uc".
a~-e.
~ov.
xat Jbx ~~
~ &, ~o~x
r~'u~ ~ ~v~i: H~
'Ai c, ou , 4i j Maa 4
v '
~ xa~
'
'
vcf
~o ~6 o&t~o.
lb, (, ~ 4:
6c" ~6 .4.
x~6 4: MC ~o & (.
vYa~Ex
fYLvE r ~ 4.
i& 4
~~C 6 / ." ~ ~a ~6 . a.
x.vc" a~.
MaCC
a& K~ .a.
.a , .~a, ~ .. ~o .
a4 ~ Maa~~y ( .
xaC
" ,
~ M~.
V~ a
Reiev 11 -
~ ~K. Ma ~
15
~ ~~fv.
~6 , H~ ~o o~xo 6~ ~~
Nfa
6.
~ ~
Ma ~ ~6 ~~~6 ~ ~6
~.
~~6 notEvEto ~
~o
~o
~o ~ .
'6~o '
~ ~o ~y ~6.
3~o ~~.
~ ~
~K
E~x
f~ d6~
tv ~ f ~6
~K
'r ~f V
~~t,
~~,
~ Ma ~~~ '~6 ~t
f ~o ~~~o ~o ~
~o
~6
6 ~o ~o ~ ! ~t f ~6 v ~o ~ ~o
"/
~K .cf nf ~6 df.
201
~!_!.!
~~~_~e
~ox~o, -, -
ro1Ung
~ x~/x
~ ~ox
(tbe) tratt1c
~c
ow
1v ~ ,
Alexnder, bo s
, Tc ~6 ;
(n.r)
tbe tratt1c
this
.om1ng.
~6 6
( the) presmt
6 6 6
at present, r1ght
prett718D!N1b ,qu1te,ta:1rr
*ci
toarda,
about, aga1Jlat,
accorc11ng
'f6
DOCI
auv~~
ci,
ow
to, dur1ng,
-u.
terr1.bl., a1aerable,
c1Ai *- ~6 <:n)t~ v~ v: ~
1 \181.1&111'
atul
bIlt t.ovarda
get8 atul.
Xcio~.
~x
~6, -,
-6
halt (adj.)
M'~v
-r
to begin 111 th
(the )un1vers1 ty
202'
prev1ous~
,6
~6 o~)(:o
~)(,
6~
npfnEL
~ ~
hae,
the
~ ~6 f ~6 O~)(o.
HAv
fo
have to go to
s1nce (first)
Universityaromd 11:30,
Technolog,y
1f
&
~ &f~I. & -
f~ 6..
500001
noon.
vere
vould go
& &
I'd like to
~ (~) (a)
a1k,
to stroll,
to take a
~6, -,
and tben be
alk
(tbe) ra1n
-6
po8sib1e, straDa
M~o
8 '& ~, '
~ ~ vL v~o.
1mpossible(edv.)
uch
besides,
(6)Cyo
a l1ttle
(6) Lb
at least
'f6 ~t'{ap'fO
( the) qurter
& '{6L~ ~
~f'fp~a !.
x~6 (6)
i tb
Be81de8 it
il1
t.ake _e
-n.v87
leut 4S
ainute8
to get there.
besides, 1n
Xcept,
additia
apart
tio,
rra
~6o, -, -
(tbe) pedestrian
~6 6.
(tbe) sidevalk
~:\)6
(the) crosa
.:~:.
K~.6, -~,
-6
central
~ .:~:\). ~ K~.
6.
on
sidevalks and
tbe
dntm
inter8ections.
70U p1aan1ag
T6~ .6 ~ ~a. ~;
C.
8iP17
C!.
(Cv:!)
to poatpcne
clv~cM
,,6
poatpned
(the) _ppoint8
cz"o;:;
-AnW; C /~ v'C!
'U 81117
&
(the) 1d8a
UlJllhere,
.4
(\be )coolne8
~.o
(the)
it's
.A.~
..
al
81
Bcawe lerewI" you.
1der....
('will cae
bel1eve
out)
e '11
1n a hil.
ha..., S<81
Usetul words
1nteJIt.1a
()
(1)
to ansver
oa (oa)
todec1de
oTf
Deer, eBr
~J.>!!.~_
c~ 6 t U~ ~ TOXCC vL 'A~~;
ElaL 6 fL;
tf
L txE~ on v
6Lv
cT6;
6 XVEL u~ 'cT6 6 f 6 :vLcn~;
~T x~ 6 6;
'" _ 6 ;
T HTV cT6 c _~ f;
Hu Mfwo~o Q!!..t'l!!!!2~_~i!!!2~.
6 ~n6 Ei
Ycnep ~V!!e2!2~.
~ c
-6 " ~~:n~~.
VC~6
a,'
W~ V ~ 6 2!e!!~.
llpfnEL
cnc6
v 6 ~E2~~~
'tl_~~e!~~!~ ElVCL .
expens1veness, accuracy
~ f L ~~~f~!).
205
,6
gasoline
to take out
beyond, over,
the
other side
~_!~_~~~~_~~~.
to
''"," :~<!~..!:~ .
rich
''
ake
ends meet,manage
. '...
!1:!!!2e2.!:
~oo
IIIrchant,
~!!~ . ","6,
ship
~!!~ ..
ner
either or
!e!x~!~ "," .
","
(",")
to run
speed
()
to mean
t.rtic
~e~~!2Q~' ~ . ","
onao&
~~! !
","6
..
(o~)
.,
pol1ce
(3)
to
tr
()
:!~~~ ~6 v","u .
perhaps,
rq
_pp~
be
l; ","6 !. !~_I:!!~.
Tt_2]~gl~
. "," ~ ",".
meaning,sinificance,
:iJportance
-,
strength, power
W~ "," ~~!!e!2] .
206
()
to
(1)
16
exceed,
8urp&SS,
destinat1n,predutinat1on
,,",,".
,," ,,".,,".,,".6 ,,"
autcoblle
1D'1tll
ome
, ,
one,
&ccident
.oe~,
any CIOe,
one, nobod;y
'Ihoever,
~,
vh1chever
respns1b1l1ty
slOW'1y
vatL
va. (v)
1 bapp
bapp8Ded
. ,,",,".
L
~ ,,"
nEPLaa6,,"Epa
LL& ,,"
d EtjoC
,,"
lva
NaV,,"LKOV
&.
aL
,," ,,",,".
&LL6 ,,",,".
" "
o~ '
Av,,"6
. ~ d~V
,,",,",,".
txovv
,," , ~
YLa,,"t
YLa,,"t
,," .
)(Xt oa~
. ,,"',,"
,,"6 d ,,"~ ~
. 6. ~ oou
Tcao
,," d ,,"
,," ,,",
ttVOL,
,,"
aV,,"OKLvTj,,"OV.
M&,,"L.
,,",,"
a't"Tjv
nPOC1lt
,,"L,,"L~L&
,,",,"
,,"6 L6
,,".
K~ ~I, .
L'V,,"
,,"
,,",,",
,,"
,,",
,,"
' ~ ~ .
( ~
-&.
o~~ ~ ~ ~ ~~o 6 ~o 6 ~
Ev
'A~;
~OK~;
B~
~~M ~OK~
rLCI~t ." ' ' ~OK~
~ ~'~OK~
rLCI~';
~6K ~ ~ox
~~
&t
Mo~ ~6;
Hotes
_.- ----------
r-Ucal
~!.!:l..wr.
tOX'88C1
4 x~~
1C.L 'c~;
KOV-M
(.)
~6 n-Vo.
nLf\l~
1te
ab0'98
81tber :1n
MI\r
LCI
!L d.
exaple8 1llstrate
:1n
v:1Ddo.
Certa~J
."
" "
vell
Hear tb.
V ~6,
/ <J'nJ
en
trc dj.ct.iea.
right avq.
tbe use
~ dverba
tormed
1'r'
adject1ves.
bes.
adwrb8
-.
1181'
a180
correspond1ng
orns
LCI.
cce
t:1Jne.
~ ~~o
late1y
all the
208
:iJe
:1n
e.g.
16
last week
6 6
Nuns
this month
ean1n!
Engl18b
xanplB:
6 )Coxa.
lf 6
next year
cf
.6
~
~~-1.!~
Adject1es
n1ght
n1ght
lf . '6. cf
."'ay.
v aKpW.
T~ .6 . ~.
Da&v .
6 .6 ~o 6
6 . ,.
ve 1n Greek 18
coparB1
b ~
1n
ot
cparat1e
betore the
.6 ~yo
ta8ter
-, -/, -
adject!wl
or
-,
.,
e.l.
-
-,
-,
-,
.6 ,
tbe adject1e.
tom
to the ne11ter
.6,
-6
-,
-,
:,
soet:1JDe8
-,
.6, -~,
18
neuter
torms
tvo way&:
1.6 ~o
the
!ored
2) by'
1n
Acropol1s.
. ~ 6~a .6 ~o.
'1he
t!mpl
-,
-,
-
-
-~,
-6
-,
6, -~,
-6
6,
-,
6,
6 ,
-~,
6,
-6
209
-,
Sae
Greek
118811
cparat.iw
1rregu1arJ3, e.g.
xC~po, -/-a, -
cf
~po, -/-,
x~6~o, -/-, -
'bad'
p~6~po, -/-, -
'old (8&)
o~~o, -, -
Io~po, -/-, -
"
------- S\IP8Z'lat.1w
1he Superlat.1"
Greek 18 tbe
caparat.1w
preceded b7
art.icle, e.g.
~6 ~ a~6~o .
~~ v~ ~ H~ .
~6 ~6 II~ ~ ~6 x~6~o a.
('l'he
kat.hanmn
-------
1n later
un1t1).
Cd1~1onal
- \'ovc ~~ ~..
di8cusn
C10V
ici ya"
'1f M~.
fj.eM v t e~a
'
tak8
valk.
cab1ned vit.h tbe Cant1nuow Pas1; 1s used ind1cate tbat. tbe actin the verb
:. cons1ered
aa potent.:lAl
" con1t1caal;
1scusse
Ex8aplez
~a
- a ~cf
~6
valk t.hezoe.
...
'
Y'OU
i4
vcf
3cf
1n
1.e.
1Iber
etall
.-
K~.
a~
we
'ou1d' 01"
vou1d
1n later un1ts.
~6 .
~ya~
Fngl1sh
'.
2,0
vould like
It
vou1d please
Dloney
JRuch to
oul
very
b1D.
go to Greece.
much.
~~~_!.~!.~
. '"r :"
-ov
~
used 1n th1s
16
-"
5ne
adjectives are
in spoken Greek.
"Av
ucx i"r6,
6 .
u:
a"r6
."rt -yatv"r
"r6
u:
-yatv"r uv~&
:;
""r.v ";
:;
"r.;
"r6
u:;
vd nEPM"rci"rE;
i"rtv"r
~XE"rE;
. 6 i"rtv"r;
.
vd
-yatv"r "r.
% . "r d"r
vd
t~"r "ru
t"r
"Av
nO"rf
"r'i"rtv"r6
i"r.v"r."r.6
xvouv ~ u.;
u"r;
"r ~ u i~6;
tt"r a"r~V
" ytVOV"ra. a"r~V
'.K~
Y(VOV"rI.
Kt
.6 4 i"r.v"r."r.
uu~"r,
dptaouv ~
21'
tJa1t. 11
-----.
-m C (mt )
to 118 qu1et.,
# ~
(t.be) 1ns~
c1~ (c1~')
to let. alone,
1et.J
1_e aloe
1eae JII8
aca '
# \)v'tX
8er
' 'f~v \)
CI'ff-
Let 8 hear
ha
tatber 18
DonIt talk'
8q1ng
to
.",
( .",)
.6'f ( .6cj)
tct , ~ .",
.c6.
v ~.. VC 'f6 v
) 'fOV 'ft ..
v4
i .
a&J'7I
iDterrupt. b1.
Ak
doe8 be vant to
ten
1.8
d1dD Xrtc1d to
b1a [exact.17]
.
bot, tIu
the pobtt. 1n
qv.e8t.1ca 1.8,
quet1ca
18
rnu.
; 6.'f. cf \; .~
1.4 'f6 'tIX t .
tb11k
\) (1'f~V rc c
be bas 1n
dJd
to talJc to you
Fl'nce.
. yoV(1'fO
! (!)
to approw
!Kp.vc
a~ed.
'tX.tC .
to use, to
'tX . ~MAX
.12
11'
used
nab ,
to treat.
& ( ()
to persuade, to conY1nce
'' o~o f ~6
xC 't.o&X
~f : .f
~x.
to p8rsuade
1188D8
to torture, to teaae
.tf .
a little
X~fo&.
.f~a
1;
f a:'
.f. ~ x~f6
o~ (o~)
~6 fo& ~.
~o.
t.lW1k
tatber, be
but;yu knr
aly.
vant8 to tea8e
(1)
to acqu1.re,
' n (. ~o 6 ~o
~6 f. :~6.
dn
&. 'o~
approaL
ewrth1n
tMnk he has b1s reaeca tor 401Dg
1t...... He
~6 fo& ~ . fo.
h1n.
: " (: ()
f ~6 . ~6
(and)
f ~6 .
.~,
17
408811 n U8
to take
6oa.
to
rece1~,
6x't .
be
8d1t1,
~. (~.~)
1;0
e&ea,to apprec1at8
aooept,
8d1
accept8
6.6~. o&f. cf f cf
~o ~~ ~o;:; fo& f-
V8Dte
to
ab U8
~o.
~x
(t.be) bapp1ness
: f C ~x ( ~6
nd
fo& ~..
()
(3)
to
813
18UDderstand
'9ertb:1n&.
3.;
tvw
6311.
tL ~ .6~
~6 u,
tvw
~6
~6 lI~oo
6, -~,
-6
.6, -,
go1deD
-6
d-v'
(t)
w:6.
low
(t) \lDdetancl1ng
-!.
(the) f8lll1q
. lc cu. ~oo u
., 4') . l Wl
Be ' such a
ondertul per8CD.
Ueetl ard8
----.--
_ ~o ~c t!!I!!I!.
~6
. C1C1. t!2~~!!!fi;
!!!~!~!!& ~ ~!e!~l
( )
to8OlD
~6 ~o
neclcne H-~.
(3)
cpV (V)
lIhen the7
to s1t
to
l, -, -
ugr
~6 6.
HEx~ 6 u~ ~~fi.
dn
shut,
1 o~ !~t!2 ~6 !~_~I~e!.
vo1ce
ant
caU
;you
lcf
COU81n
cous1n (t.)
Ha
res_ble
C !!ly~~~~ ~6 ~2~~~!2~
~6 IflZ
Ha/a
--
~6 o~o
. cfc; ~~ ~
w'Uj
C 'fOU ~ \~~;
vcf
vcf
~ . a~ ~o;
6 M~.
'f0'U
M'flC;
\'fa\'f6;
d unoup'f6c;
T~ 1~!!2~2' ~!e2~~!!!.
/kl.rV:J.,
k:t.a/)
M1n1ster
IyxtW (d~1
o.cf
~ . ~ ~~r!~2!!~~~~~;
lZ6o.
AU'f6c; . ~~ ,'l.
A~6 o.~~ cf. ~~el~.
cx
00188, trouble,
11
T~ x~a ~~ ~ ~Y!2~.
~oo, -, -
1ntn8e,
1nt8D81"
3 d~o ~~~E~~~~~.
uagerat1ca
~ o~
:!~E!!! 6 i.
~~~
fv ~ ~~!~!!E!! ~o~a.
!~ (!v~f)
A'f ~ 6~ ~ d~ !~!~!~.
dt~03f~ot, -, -
~03f-rx
~6 II.r~
~ c~6
E'f6
'f6
uw
-6
utt1cUat,
8neral
3fa'fE.
'f
'!__~ ~6 beCO'fE ~ 6 .
~ "'ax
" 6
vcf
'fpC
pMC8, qa1etea8
oU
'fOU
x6~CI
a'f6
"E'f~ 3f~
I~ ~~
vcf
~~ a'f~V I'C.
vcf
aoMI7Tj
a'f6
: v~a'f~.
"6 1 o~4 6 ~o fv K~
'f.
No'~ ~~ fv c~ f ~~ v Ko~~
'fOV
~o~ a6o~
et3 at
a'f6
n ~o.
~o ,~ n~~o
C ~~
d 6 n~.
u'f6
vcf
8~
"'
~6 -rx~
vcf
~"a6 ~6 6
6 ~f~ M~ ~~ ~~
8~
6K~-rx~
vcf
~ ao~a.
f 3~ ~o f~ ~
vL L6.
'Etap~~trL 6 ~6 !~oo
v~Lv ,.
~tL vL ~ o~
~o~!o.
d,
t~~L
ed
~ ~ YHaTt~
~ d
,optt
Ha C ~
~o LL,
DapCaL HaC
~ o~
l o~o " ~6 a~ ~.
HaC
HaC ~ vLtL
L~ o~ ~ ~'dtLO~ta~
d L avaL6v ~ '~6
~ '~6 n ~.
'ttf
17
4 ~6 ~o ~ od ~6 ~Ha
~o KL'~~aL tvL
YL~ x6a
~.
~tL d 6 ~o "
~Lv;
r~tr~C ~~ d d ;
~6 ~6 ~CL a~ ~;
'EYKpCVEL
rLtr~C x~;
~ 6 ~o ~ ~o L'(~6 ~ L4L;
AtEL
dL ~;
~o
dmrv0r8
(~;
!/ HaL6 (~ ;
Iy~ ~6 ~o;
!.O!!-!~l Cl8
wrb Ipe.t.1....
P~ ~o ~ ~tL d R .
\18.
'1'h8
aboe .......
L1ke
Cl8 '98b8
1Jper1'ecU....
perfect1ve
are
-(
11l\l8trate8 tbe
tbe
wrb8
...
ot tbe
Cla88
to IpeUe I~:
'Nrb8.
perfeeuw aDd
'1be bperteeu ... r.perat1... 18 ba8ed Q the pr888Dt 8te the wrbJ
Iperat1... OD 1
8Dd
e.u8
IaperaU... o.rn
-a~
tbe
perreeu
Upertect1
8t.8.
and
'lhe
and
at7
-~
and plural
the
ed1np
Iperat1... , .,.
Verb:
Pre8ent St8:
.-
Pertect.
~~~~!!!
.-
St8
VerbI
Preet St8a
!U-
to
Sg.
Pl.
Sg.
&81'\'8'
u~
~
~
l"8rtect. Sta: ~-
, . HeD "CID
(th1rd
1perattw
1t 18
to
syl3Able)
the antepemlltJJnate
QC
th8 erb.
d1ffemce
Sae wrb.
Ierat1"" 1Ihere
the perfect1ve
1n
1nterebceab~.
perfeot.1...
ot
ea1) 81Uable
ana1.1l'
18
Dlan:1ng beteen
V1tb
howewI", bn8
tb.e
erb
tbe lII&3or1ty
0D8
perfect1e
8Dd
botb
Dperat1ve or,
hertect1e
f08
vb1eb
1D87 be used
-.v
be e1 ther
' Dpertect1....
!!!!-1.! 18818
ID Rote
1".'
Decl1Jaab1e
tbe dec1D81cI ;
hllodJ ~
1llu8trate tb8
8d .;
C81'dmal
188I'W
Buer1A
rca 1 to 199 (tze8Pt r c , pat ofC1aEPE " a the1r ccpound8) are 1Ddecl1Dable
.....:.-
'
'Dere
l, .&6, cf t -
W'i:KEC; _t
cb11dren there.
.&6. cf .,i.
no Xt,O , , t
- t . n . .i
ch1ldren.
Ve ...
aooo __,
ch1ldren.
. f an.r 6 ,
6 . t 6
n...
a1e
n1ll1on
boU888
1IOIDIID
ot
and
aooo
1II1ll1c:
. .,
1ll.1a ch11dren.
'Jhese
exa.ples Bhor
Nuerals
1000 ( . .cf )
neral g'88
1 od11'1es~ ..
. 'tpta ..cf.
~~~~~
Wben they
Wa:t
:1ntercb&geab],witb the!on
b1 18 uaed
&.
d. VUX'tEPLVf) ;~;
219
----
.11
,8
&U.
.,. after
-6
(1ohe) brotber-1D-la
.6, -~,
-6
_1otaotW
dv (dvcx)
&U. 6 clMyeuX,
_-, ar1t1ae
C6ufo
"
taorrr
(3)
-6 ,
Nc.M6
1;0
100
d.epart;,
.'98
brotber-1n-1a,
ufo; &Cvcxu .d u
da;y
U.
-. d.
aner
tcaorror.
Rave)'OI1.wr been
-~.&!
vcxCC (d)
to qaD
6 &
beto
,.terd\
Kt,
d. d! .
&!,
8_
d.~, fo . VC d.
Itvs. ..., d ! VC
n t 6 .
lf,'8 -
tb8re
b7 tra1n.
.d' (.)
to
.;.
D8'f8r lII:1d
.'..
Ct.
C6, dl .u .
Ifner
&d ~
1:d..
tb1nk
! 6 .
280
1;0')
'd
ve
teaae,
annr,
M'98D '\
r_tber
ottea4
there
b.r bu8
mIT
18
.sx (f-&)
(the) car
-YOU th1nk
()
to spcd
. l.& ;
oi
. f f
.ed
underwent ' )2
' .f ;
vould spend
OD
ho
..
to be bored
6 4.
(the) t:i1'e
nx6,
01d (th1ngs ~)
'' . , :
. .
old pal.
do 70U th1nk
4 C 4 f.X
oi . . ncz4.
t1res
;rou
ga8ol1ne.
! c
-cf, -6
l8OD8
-~or
~ .K~ 6 TC. 6
About
o~o nd-4
hor
or 1888
b7 b.
approxbate11")7
1) c4/crd.
(tbe) .top
.4oC .
to need
'X.fTC .
18 nece888J7
to
ej07,
6 f.
there
.!
(d(j)
(the)
to prot1t
J8)Q
stop.
Just enough
1DOOn.
-~d~~ (d~~)
to d1aappo1nt
;~6, -~,
ho, an
-6
(the) b181d1f;y
3 d 'd~~, 6
dal
tb:I.k
. ~ vx. no ~~o.o
~6 .6 t '1hf ~~ ;
ect
eather
C<t
aq, a,yb
fo~
b7 aU
;. .
to be/let
lI U30/"cn
1t
()
to turn around,
beh1nd,back
888.
uaD8~
1n aI\Y
C888
t.1recI
get t1red
r8tun,CC118
_111 CCI88
back
CID
Fo!dq.
_!!''; .
60'1..,
. 6
.6
f . m
f c!a d
ood t1
and donlt
cn6 "'.
b ~_~LtI.!!~
,,~px
Mcnd.a,y
T~
Tuesdq
Vedne8dq
T~~
'DNredq
back
toret
to
888
tbe
18
~6 ~-L
week
~6 d~
Saturday
VL
Sunday
md
~ ~o
llOLOt
3L
~6 d6v;
L ~o;
~o ~o ;
~ ~o ;
rLa~t,
lL
~o ~OK~o;
6~ L'L ~6 ~tL ~o f ~6 ;
tC~ &f ~ ~ ( ~ tL f;
NarraU".
A~6 d !er!~~T!! ndp .
fc L
hevorlc8
to vork
6 4 ~6 LL L !~
!1!!!~e!2
f (C L ~!!~e!!!!2 vf ~o~6 ~.
d~t~~,
-,
1nd18penaablA
yd
-,
-6
eccnom1ca1,
ecac1c
! !!e2~~~e~ Kf~L;
f
(f)
to o!ter
6 ant~L ~L !f~_~~!~~1~.
!L/!
ease, relaxat1on,
cefrt
'~~~~~~~~ ~ ~ 6 K~.
he decided
L~.
vice
CQ1Sul
situation, conditiCB
alwal's
~L ~ vL d~d ~2~~!.
L~6, -,
I~~_!el~~~!) od
lxo,
3<t
-,
-6
acces81ble,
d ~
1hi
reach
a.
next., CCII1ng
-,
-6
experi_C8, pract1C8
to be d1aappo1nt.ed
"f~.cr { .
'1~o
vcf
f~o~ ~OK~o.
rI. '~
'L,t,
~ 1v.
~ L 6
v. ooo.6~ dt ~x . dL ~
xcr",t&i ~Lf~.
'~.
dnefaLae 'Cyof v
4 .
4& LI .6
! 1. Voo . ~ ! d .~
~ '..
~. ~o CK~ .-r.
rI. 'criI~6v
~c ~! 'Coo.
, &. d~
vcf
vcf
vcf
~6
avo~.
f du-&.
'8
td~L
!XELj
EV. ~6 6 ~OK~o:
~OK~o dnEfOLaE
' 6
v 'dd:
nOL6v .e ~6 dpi;
3d
~~ :
No~
lXEL d ~6 L~ ~6;
Gra8at1cal
!2!!_!!~ Verbs
Rote8
Have 70U
' ndE1. K~ .
~oE IorL 6.
1'be_e are
exarp].ee
8V81'
'I'be Pre_8Dt Perfect( '1 have dane so-ad-eo') 18 expre__ ed 1n Greek, .. 1n rnU8h,
Pre_ent telD8e tJe verb
b7
(l1b 3rd
~x
peron
81.ngu1ar
tJe
pertect1'9
_t_
-.
a11Dg
f01"ll).
Jnple8s
Verb
Pertect.1ve
Bten
Pre88Dt Perfect
~ .
-yr /
d-
! d.
( 1 )
~ u~.
"'t' (2)
.~~-
~ VL't'.
aas
Perfective St8
Verb
l"ol],jng
ccplet.e parad1p !
18 the
'!!~~
V'3rba
--------------
tb8 verb f
in Present. Per!ect.a
~xo" fX.
~. .
t .
!.
!xo"v
Verb
maber
Present. Perfect.
<tpxtO'Ei.
vith pret1xes
Oreek
'98rb
h1cb
undergo certa1n
chne8 h the erb 18 118811 m the Pa8t. t.en8e (both Simple nd Qmt.muous).
a1'e rest.d8d
tbe8e '98rb8
to
pre.
8 th8 aJor1V
1n lat.er un1ta.
'1!e
'98rb8 vith
prefixe
tbat have
a1reIcQo
------
Pa8t
~~
~le
ull.
_ppea
~~~
auvf
auv .
clMCO"tw
to dec1d8
IfO'*
d!'.t
Cvat!f
to~
IllC
ClII
to
apJIrC8
",.r
.c c6
to
1Dterru"
.KOcj
.'tC
VnoXpEVW
t.o obl1p
VX
l. C
to 1Dtere8t
Cla88 11
cb8np
\a8
erb. bfewI'.
tcr*
\'nEXplw\ICI
.
'De
---------
Put
te8e8
-. -
Cat.1n1lDU
lnOKorouc1%
to obt.a1n
tcrv'rOucr
-----------------------------------------------------------------
aa6
URrr '8
l-
AD urutre88ed paat teDae augent - Ctor the st.ressed aupaent ~- s" Note
,0.,) 3 be
prefU:ed 1;0 lIIf7 Cl8 or put t88 verbal tora begiDn1Dg v1th a CO""Clala1t, tbat 18 1;0
uq
t0J'8"
l .&, l\,
et.c. lU7
etc.
'1'r8n8f:owat1ca D1.ll
------------
a.e
~ ~~~~!2! .;
vd , d .
:!!!~!~ 6 .t ~ &. u;
6 ~!~!~~!! 6 ..
~~~~ &6u.
6 ~!!!2*! ; ;.
' ! \ !~!!!e!~! CI~d d ~.
I!!!~ 'CI~d (; .
6 !l!2'!~!2! 6.
Rt . ~ ~-e!~!ln~!!.
t2"t lxci:ve d .-ydc;
-------
~ &( 6 !~~~!!!~
" !!2!~H (;.
T~ ~I!!!2~2! ..
~!e~!29~ ~; ~.
~~~fi!! &6u.
~ !!~e2~!! tu .
T~ !~~!~~ 6 .
6 ~c . ~ ~!2!!~!!~
'g~~29!! 6 ~oxo \ Cu ;
OCCNI'
puoaUel
1;0
i.&,
~~ !~~~!~q~~ xa~o.
~ ~~~xe!~~ d ~o~ ~.
~y~~~!~ ~ ;
6 ~!~!!)~!!;~~~ o~ t,,~6 ~6
1,,~6
tp'YO.
30o~6 ~~~!~~ o~ ~.
/ ~ I~~~~~ a,,~6 ~6 v;
~!~!~ ~o~.
t t\r -: ~ ~r;
~~y nox.ftc;
MoI~
Dov
vd
~ ~ ~ ~ ttf;
vd
"/tt
crrf)v
Ma;
tC~ Uv d ~xo
&~xy~~ a,,~ox'f,
~d
aaa
MnL~ d ~
nOLd dL vL vLd 6 ;
~ dfL d y~ d vLj
!
dpfaovv
~ dfL vLj
llOLd
vL ! dfLj
rt nOL6v
~Ex~
Ld~,
!~tv
!v 6
<r~t f ~t ~o ~o~
18
& (&a)
K~.
Uov
~ao~; &-
a.
III18sed
you.
n ()
to be ab8eot
&.
W.n.
~ ~.
M~&o~,
-,
8u1table,
K~tr;w (K~tcM)
tou
&ca& a~6 ~6 a;
C.~ ~.
D1d
:rou llk.
8If
to b1d.ld
(tbe) nature
~6 o~6
( the) 8DUDta1n
n.&/n.. &~
(tbe) pla1n
(the) 8ea-ebore
~ K~&
Doroua~J
"Ex~ 3V~ ~,
su1table.
nature ,),
230
'IOVr
houH!
6a./,u
~4o.
t1t.
to bu1ld
&~~.
u ....117 1n
ounta1ns, plain8
8Dd shOr8S.
.~
6 %
(the) paat
.~ 6 6 6
% ~
the first
t1Je?
'
X.G
(the) vinter
6 6.
(the) sh1p,
.f~
fv
prev10ua17,
' 6 . f 6 6.,
6 .~x
bad passed
T.i.a1ted
passed by there
I'w
O'V1'
ste8er
befo:e
in
1nter,
but
f.
4.
(the) 1nhab1tant
~o, -, -
proud
.6, -, -
bosp1table
to
W xo~. 4. .
o~ . .6..
19
ge't. buay,
to be ocoup1ed
rJbat'a
.;
thq OCCQp1ed')1
6 .6
(the) V1llage
(the)
pl.
23'
.t'Weran
(the) taner
6
fv,
-, -
educated
In the v1llages
6~
(the)
x"y~~
(the) eng1neer
au"f"/v"~
(the) vr1'ter
[such a8]
(88)
layers,
1n the
lnf.y'
doctors,
ng:1Deera
tCv"~
~ x~
(te)
~-n)
(the) old:'
( the) var
'1'hey
, y~ ~ "x~ .
gal1atl7.
, "~
oU ~"";
~K xeto~" ! ;
!.no~ "~ ;
xoo"~;
2)2
knon
knwn
o~ '" ~6 ~ao
Jcnon
cn6v 6.
Tou
8Dd
vr1tera.
to 118 t880U8, to be
toms
('educated 1)
people.
tC~
ay tCv"~ o~
rtVOVT"'
tanerII;
~K6o
o~ ".
Iv"
or
r~
ti8henen
eitber
fv~ ~3no~.
lIIOst
ou"" 6 ~ ;
'9
Narrat1e
Irakl1n
'&.
6 .&
(c1t1ea of
Reth1non
Crete)
& .&
6 &. 6 . o~ ~1!~!Y~.
..6, -,
-6
healthtu1
I~_!~~!2~ . o~ ~~!2e2~
6 ~o
\),-, -
tert1le
~tl_~e~~Q2~~~ & . ~.
cap1tal c1t7
~~ . 2!~2Y2~!~ & . 6 .
econaQ'
to
6 &.
produc
1'ruit
& f 06 ~e~!!~2Q 6 . 6.
.6
the CretaD
..&
6 6 . . ~!~!2e~!!~ n6 6 ~o.
..6, -,
Mfvouv
-6
d1tterent
h.cn6f;
~Y2!~! ~&
Fe_toe
&.
~o..
8pring
6 ~ !~_!!!y~~~e2 ~& .
M1noans
fH . 6 .6 & '&.
6 ~oo ~o.
autunn
233
". ..6
' & 6.
~ ~6 K~o ~6 P~o.
~
K~ ~ ~ ~~K
K~~KO ~ o~ ~ ~ K~ ~o.
K~O~KO ~
~6 ~6
t~ , o~~ K~~~.
6 ~ 6~ tt ~ ~ K~o ~
~o.
~ ~6 , ~ ~o ~ t(
~o~o ~6 6 ~ o~6 ~ .
K~~;
~6 K~ ~6 l6( ~;
~o ~;
Mo~ ~ & 6 ~
6 tC ~~ ~~ ~ ';
~oo ~;
noL6
4 ~ K~;
x~.~oK ~ ~;
MoI~ ~ 4 t
6 tnLxtn~OV~aL
~o~
~;
~6 ~6 ;
ft :
~ ~ Kp~
and
Verbs:
Km~
Pertect.
1ns
Past Pertective 18
or in -/
is
preceded
oned
by'
, e.g. ~.
19
The Past Perfectlve 18 used to descr1be an action wh1ch (,) occurred 1n the d1staDt
past (very orten w1 th Ibefore', 'ever befre', 'never before', '1n the past', etc.) or
(2) wh1ch 1Jpl1es the occurrence ne other subsequent act.ions.
He doesn't approve.
'.
'1hey
Class
s0"7.
are
aus.
Verbs.
these
"Irbs have e1ther a ~!!!!!}~!!!S (1.e. repres8nt the subject the recelver the act.ic:n,
e.g. 'to be loved', ' be k111ed', 'to be wr1tten' etc.), or a ~'!~! (_~!!l_~~
(1.e. denote an act10n that 18 d1rected back
ble oneel!'
Sone !
etc.).
~o.
(e.g.
the verbs
Upcc1
~o.
, to coe',
. .
!..O:!_!!:!~ Class
verbs end 1n
1n the t1rst
prsc:n
subclaSSB !
the Class
Verbs 1n
kathiluen1 accord.1ng
Sutt:1Jtea:
-0-
2} Verb8 1n - .. .
(-. 1n katharevusa)
-.-
-\- or
to the
1) Verbs 1n -.
Verbsj
:).
- .
18 add.ed
~:~
Class Verb
----------
the
~!!!!
IDperf'ect1'Y
tormat1ve
---------
Sten
sutt:1Jt
(.&ctlve)
.-
'to read'
'towr1te' -
'to buy'
()
'to
'
s't8
vo1ce
--
Class
verb
----------
(Pass1ve)
-0-
.--.
'to be read'
-0-
--.
'to be written'
-0-
--.
'to be bougbt'
f-
-0-
--.
'to be sa1d'
235
C1.a88
verb8 U8ual]y
!on
Verb8 belc:ng1ng to ~
- , ,
'Do8 ~~2
-oi,
, ,/oi ,
verb8) u
caet.:1ea
o1lor'
- , l1ke
-&\) 1,; \) . ,
..)
~!
&
..
'to be loved'
V.(2)
.n,~ X.oi.
'to be tb8ked
-&
-&oi,
'to be
~_,..!
(1)
( 3)
Cla8s
'l'be preaent
Vc18 - Pre88lt
cas1dered
'
teaae.
Claa.
m nrb8 are u
oUB
~.
1.
-,
-O'cz .
.s.
-vorcz,
n.
~.
8.
a) 'I8rb:b
IpX-ocio
X-6:c
IX-CC1Ix,
lx-/lx-~.
(PX-CTCZ..
-.
- , ,
!.
~cm- .. f4I.
~m- .
a.
&yczn-,to:,
&yczn-Llaorc
&yczn-C'fTXI.
&cz-.iV'r./&-.v.
3) Verb m
-iX . / -ii . ad
-ii .
!.
1.
xo.-./xo.-oi.
-&-oi.
.- ..
-&-*
2.
.-cz.
-&-.
.- ..
-&-
,.
"oIo-a'rczI.
3-.. .
* '1'he
kat.harewaa !or
-&-&
18
et:lJeB
36
used.
Verb 1n
( --
-.
on)
1.
5g.
&-.
Ito be
niBtaken'
---
-.
2.
(K~o.. -~)
---
&-.
3.
-~'
-.
'lhe prep081t1on used ith tbe pBB1e fOl'II!S. correspd1ng :1n mean1ng to Pngl1sh 'byI.
18
or '.
'1be
~nt1nuOWl
Fut1J1"
and Cont1nuOWl 5ubjunct1e ' the Class verbs are foned b,y
and
e.g.
~x ~
we IU
be com:1.ng
eigbt
8V'1"1 eek.
t.
. !. K~ .
!~~_!!~~
w ce
ewry day.
'Jhe Pertect1ve St8a ora ' the Cla88 111 verb8 are orned by Meant of' the 8Uffix -~
( -- ) att1xed
to the pertect1w
,.
~-
~-o
2.
~-
-&-
-fj
-()
~-
~-o()
,.
'1be
Oll81on '
!!~~_!!:~~!
the perfect1 e
8es !
wrbs 18
d18cwsed
:1n
u&~.
hope be
co
be d1sappo1nted.
perfect1ve st8a
ors
'9
the 'Yerb.
231
qy means
the C1as8
verbs.
~~~-!.:.~:.!
Class
verb8.
---- -_ .....
_----
Notatlon.
Beginn1ng '11th Unit 20 the per!ectlve te fonns ! the Class verbs will be given
18 the l1st
Class
Verb
Perf .Ste
!or
--------------
~xoa.
~-&
.x~oa.
.-&
~o.
~-&
&-&.
MC-&
-&
..
.-&
f:~.
&W
\'.
-&
-&
~x",o.
~x..-&
-&
-&
~d..
~-&
..
-&
;",.
"&
&'.
a-&
,.
-&
vooc .
Vo-&
cm~.
cm~vb
.M~o.
.lp'&
&.
-&
'.
.-&
238
UNIT 19
Translonl8tion Drill
--------------------
oll1ng
sentences
trI
~~~~~f~~! .
f
:re~!f~! 6 6 ..
~!~!f!!f2~~
-&faTpa.
'~~!!~2~~~ .
no6o ~~~E~~ 6 ..6 .
..
f ~~~~~ .
f ~~X~~~~
noTf.
f 2!~2~2~~!~ ~Ko .
6 '&.6 ~~fQ~~ 6 6 ~o.
~2~~~~~ . ..
f. ~~~!~~! 6 n. .
nf ~!E~~~! 6 . .
. ~ !~X~~E2~~~ .
~ !E~~_o 6 6 t.
f ~~2Xa~!~! 6 . .
.6 !!~!~X~\! '6 .
!eD~!~2~2!2Q~ 6 n. .
6 . 6 .6:
f . .
& .:
' ~x 6 :
.
noTf
f . . :
. .. . .:
. v f:
f. 6 . :
239
L vL vLLv6 6 L vLv ;
~ a tL 6 ;
fL ~ LV;
L fL ~vLfv 6 ~ 6 ;
WAv
nOLav
L;
L ';
W
otKOyfVELa
L6 ~ L6 ~ VL6 ~ vf;
.;
L .
YLa
6 .L6
240
GREEK
BASC
Unit
COURSE
2!D
't" 't"/'t"
't"6
'
(the) tie]d
., L, L6
Jabn. do you
L 6 6
.
-&
-&
(
't"6
lcnw by !\ cbance
vho Oeorge
to1
't"ou;
't"6
20
(t.he)
't"6
't"
IE't"a.p(a
't"ou
't"OU
't"
It 1 _
V't".
a tru1t
CCIIIpJ\T,
[but]
dD t kr
(the) k1nd
'
( t 't" 't"
:18tab,
't"
't"(
not
i8tak8
ot 1Ibat
lDd
't"6
't";
!:.!:~~~!)5
't"
(the) apple
't" 't"&L
(the) orange
't"6
(t1'. ) pear
't"6
(the) t1g
't"6
(the) cherry
't" L
(the) peach
't"
(the) apricot
bad
an
orta
1'ru1t,
L, L, VK, L,
Lv .
nd
cherriB,
(tte) stup1d1ty,
EtVCXL L TtTOLO
~E & .
'
a p1ty tbat be
apple.,
peacbes
apricota.
'"
8uch
eo
811J1'
tbiD
_uch _ taa.
de
It
_ big
stupid1ty' ).
f).&
be got scared
at the
Lv6, -,
~n"6
tbat
6 6K~
(the) fara
~ ~
6, -,
6 .l
-6
-6
c:Ir7
~6 <
t.&" (L&)
'" cnL&
(the) 111"8
't6
lcn
that, b1t he
ne1ghboDg 18D
gt
vb1ch
rocq
and tall
,n&.
'" LL
pretext
'" ~o
'''tL !,
LL.
au't6 vL
L &L
...
-6
George
the countr,y
oe ant
to 8tay
1D
arr ore.
ovn
cloe,
beside
a'tOU
&;:;
'tOU
'tOU
. an to ad bu1ld
a't~V 6 ,.
, 'tf.
au't6
T6'tE
(,)
to
,'tt
Be l1k88 c1V
'6
1887.
!.
.,
Be bu
1t [h1 -e1.t] to
(the) tather-1n-la
"-&&
(tbe) 8Dther-4n-la
,' -&6
'tOU
ct.
,6 ,
't6
't
't6
'' &
",6
"oUa;
a;
l, &~, ",6;
'.'
& 'tt n;
8&
8d1tted
-&6
;:; -&.
becaua8 a UtU8
IUIIV' [people].
't6
8d1t
probab:q
,' -&
r,'tt
bow. D8t
,-&6
,-&6
tu
0181
l,y
(oo~)
&, , 't 6,
b18
'tf, -, -,
Tou
URIT 80
& 6o~
'tou
& ~ 6,;
-6
'tOU;
6 L f~~1e~!~~2~ ~o.
L-L6, -,
-6
exceUent
- L L ~2~~!~!~~.
6--/6-
quant1ty,
aount
! - -vL;
-6 - L
grap8
eapc1a11y
:2_~!~e~~!~ - - -LL L .
durat10n
dur1ng
'L.
!1_~Qe!~~ & -
~.
o-~
bol1dq
-6 L 6 !~1~.
-6 &
V !Qe:~~2~~ -
XPLa'tOVYEvva.
l- (-)
to celebrat8
K~~ L 2!2_!e~~!~!.
-6 -cm .
YLaYL&
-&
UDcle
&
parent
-,
tv ~!XE! - -.
urrled
uutil. uP to
- ~L
L6/L6
L /L
n1ece
- ty6VLa
grandch1l.dreD
grandsn
20
OY~
granddaughter
o~,
~K.
~ o~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ o~ ~o.
~ , ~'x, ~ UK ~
u
~ ~K.
~ .
'~ ~ ~ ~ ~
~ ~ ~O .
~, ~ o~ ~o '.
~ ' ~
~.
~6, ~
~Yx ~o, ~ ~, ~ ~
~ ~ ~~ ~ ~l
~ ~ ~ 3 ~ '~ ~, o~o
,3 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~o ~~ ~.
, ~,
~ o~ 3 ~o, ~ ~~ &, ~
3Ero
~~ 3, ~o t ~ ~ ~
1 ~ o~ ~;
'o~ ~ O~OK ~ K~;
! o~~
~ ;
o.'~ ~ ~;
t~ ~ ~ ~;
' ~ ~ ~ ~ o~y;
& ~;
~ ~ ;
Granat1cal Notes
!~~_~~~!
Here are
clase
ee
perfective
(01' ,"",1
consonant clust.ers) to
md
--
dunge
Pert.St8
-----
'to cut'
ci
'to
o~
'to spead'
'to d.1818s'
6:
yc.
'to
Ipertect.i" Bte8
CD80aDt
66:-
r1'
ab8ion'
end1ng:1n
--,
--,
-)
to
--,--
and
8C
1n
'to teacb'
.ci
dt
'to
op8a'
'to
atcb'
'to
_b'
'to p3q'
8C1118
st._
enHn
retaiD the -
1n v-
6:-
'to send.'
'to bring'
'lhe
the -
'to los8'
--------.
ci
Note aO.1.2
-c-
8.1.
"icn
1Jprfecti'V8
f:1nal consonant
..
Verb
3)
of th1s
verba
,) IJpert8ct1ve st.ans 1n
a)
Btes
C1.a8S Verb8
[cration !
--.
246
to
20
!~~_~:.!:.~_Class Verbs.
JOlliDg
frnat10n
are the D10st pred1ctab1e 1'OOt oonsonant changea vh1ch 1a k8 place :1n the
tbe perfect1ve
BtenB !
this ClaS8
19.,3)
~~~:
Verb
Perf .Stc
l'cm
----------
--
LL
'to be read'
LfJ/L't
--
--
(CL
''to be pla:yed'
LxfJi;;
--
-'1'-
'to be h1dden'
-&
-u-/Y /
-'1'-
'to be .pent'
ofJ
't(L
'to be 1eft'
't-&
--
change. to
-'1'-
--
--
--
L-. L
'to be taught'
LfJ
--
--
(L
'to be Opened t
LfJ
(L
''to be shown'
LxfJi;;
sero
--
2.
~_!!!_!!!~_~!!!!'!_!~_~!!_!!_!~~.
-.1}- but
Btens
111
--,
e.g.
~!.!!~~!!_~~
(~)
aL.L
(~/-~)
uL 'to
(~)
LL
!2!:!_!~~
fJ
Verbs ClaS8
't6'tE
6't ~L
'Ihe
--
~;'1p1
Past
Verb
't6
L6
Sjple
the
tense
forg1ven'
fJ/&
lau~ed
fJ/'t
at t
Past.
'tou
Cla~s Ver
persoral
be
'to be
'Pw'tLcX.
fJ
'to be 10ved'
end1n88 to the
Pt'rfe'ti\'C Be t:oras !
~.
'tfJ
'tfJ
't fJ
'tfJ
'tfJ()
241
the
V'3~'[,
e.g.
'Jbe orange8
""
'Jbe
Verb8 111
Crete
been alway.
aous.
Cc:t1nu0U8
~21!!!.!:,
1. -6"()
Paat personal
-2Y1!g!
eld1ngs
Class
al'Id -~1!g!/2Yi!g.:;
verba are aa
Verbs 1n - .!:~1!C!!:
-6/-6""/-6& -."()
-.",,~/-.
2. -6"()
-6/-6-r/~&
-.()
-.""/-.""
3. -6""()
!.""() /!.""
-.""/)
-.""()
Dpertect1w .'t8
the verb.
Oorre1at1..5ubst1tut1oD
~-----------------------
Dr1U
-----
paathes88
. ( 6.)
. ~ l~ "" X.~o.(.)
!!2Q21~~y ",,6.
(cf
.6)
~!~~g~1!~~~!!g.!: t. .. (.)
~!~~!~~Y . . (.)
~6 ~6 . ~~~.!:!l~~!g.!: a. (""OV 6)
.6 !~~e~~~ ~ 1 ;' 6.
("")
248
(""OV 6)
20
rt ~2~!!!~!!!~ . ()
Q1~2~2!!!!J~!:5 KaM(youmade out.well),
, . ( ).
! !!c;!!X!!J~~ XW. ( )
& !l!H!!~~!!! (you beba"ld)
. ()
~~!!~X!~!!~ f '~
!~~e~!!c;!! & .
()
( )
!~!~~~~ ' . ()
~Ex O ;
;
t ;
~ ;
6 ;
.;
'' , "
& ;
& ;
' ;
;
' & &;
' ( "
;
& ;
" {,;
{,;
REVIEW
----------
appropr1ate
proper
or tbe
g1ven
the
r:~.
It
18 a
tbe art1cle.
ROIID8
6 .
'
'vC-<1
~30oo avoou
_________
v-~
~-o
~ - - 6.
K~ ,v -(
oov.
-v6
6 - - ,Cv
. -~ -.
' . 'K-~
'6
-6 ..
Avo6 .\ ''-'v-t-
'
, ~ ~- no- -6
vaVOLx
...
Wou6 ~ l) ~
--6
f nt~eua - ~ .- -6
,6.
<1
tC ~ aV-6 '4-.6
6 av~ot
<1.
, g.
v-u
~~
-.
- ---------
~ v-6
- ~- 6 ~ ~ovva - '_ 6 v
<1-
________ e
( )
~ :
.
...
. liPEaE ~ ' 6
fKava
~So
v'.
G REEK
a'rfJv ,
Rev1ew 16 - 20
-&
'
_________
COURSE
BSIC
'
-&
-&
' -&.
' ' !
~x
' o'~o.
-&
-&
'
' ~ ~
!,
6 !
. !
'-& &-&
~\)x
6-&
tXEL
& .
_ &
&
' -&.
~ -&
.
-&
-&
'
fv f~ ~ ~ o~,
~~
ntpaofva
o~"
To-K~xo
"
~ ~~
t~
~ ~
~T ~~ ~T
T~
"
~ t~ L ~"
V~ ~ OT~
"
o~ ~~
' ~~ ~x ~
o~6
~ ~ ~ o~, t 6
"
fv tfOVv 6 ~ '
'
y~~ f
NAv
~T
6~
K~ x~ ~ ~o~ ."
~x6
x~6
~6 ~K ~~"
~~ ~ ~
'~6 ~ K~~o ~ no
&.
o~o
~o
no6"
f ~
.
"
'"
, ~ ~
."
&~6o
~ ~o"
~
lo~~
~T o~ ~ ."
txovv
_________ ,
K~
' . T~ ~T ~ ~ 'x~o"
o~y ~
__________
"
~6
~t/-u
"
tC1~ ~ ~
C1~fv ~"
'f)cn)
A~o!
~~
x~
,
,(
,
"
OTo~
x~
Rev1ew ,6 -
.
'~ . .
30
'".
..
6 ~~o
~ .
.6. 6 l
'6
6.
' .. . ...
'
&3
'
~3o
________
. , . ' ~o
6.
6 6 .
~oo
U.
35
3 .
3 .
6 .
. 6 &3 '
_________
. . .
ooo.~
.
.
. .~.
. 36
.
6
'
'
3.
36
. . 6..
. .
25)
20
'' .& t _
A~6 ~6 '
L .
..
_________
L . .&.
-&
~x~;
'~6 ~6 ~. ~
.& ~ ..
w.
~ ~. ~ . ..
-&
' ~ O~
.&
A~o
~6
.6
.6
~o.
O~. ~ ~& .~ .
~6o
~ .
6. . ' '~ ~ 6. ~~
'
U. ~ . f
.6
r,
6 .
.6
6-&.
' .
~,
! . ~
. ~
&
( ( L ~
.'
.&.
-& L
G REEK BASIC
K~ (
L 6
&
~ 6.
L (L &
(L.
6
L.
LL L
'
(.
LL6
" L L
6 Lt ELvaL
6 6 (
LLL
vL6
L .
6 6 L
L L
& L 'i:L.
( L
L6.
'.
L6
6
Verb8
- ~
L 6 6.
n(L .
L,
LL
6 &
&
6
(L .
(L
&
YLQ
~ n(L.
_.
&
6 .
20
---------.
__________
16 -
LL
n(L
~ L
Review
URSE
YLci
L.
&
p~.
~o~ .
~.
~& 6 ~ .
"E~ o~
~Ko.
~o
'-& oo~
~ ~
" .
oo~
yvpCCw
()
'
y~ ~
n.
ooo~
~,~ .
f . ..
~
~ ;
(6) .
6
&
6,
~ o~& .
\ &
&
.,
~y.
Oo~ . ~
6 .
100
xp~oy;
&& & 6
OOK~.
r,
o~
-&
" ~
~C~
&
o~.
tC~
&C
6 6 -&.
~x
.~6
._
OK~o.
t 6 .
.K~.
.,
o~
.e
K~
~ -&.
to make a
&
Spech
256
Reviev ,6 - 20
Harrat1ve
Bto,
fort.ress
, -, -
bo,
, -, -
-,
h1story
vhoewr, vh1cbever
s1gn1f1cant, 1Jnportant
()
to ga1n, eam,
hungeo
th:1.rst
( ()
to del1ver, to
aston1.sbent,
0011181, p1llar
1n,
prof1t
sun'Dder
. . . .8I1t
1eac1.er,
begi.nn1ng,or1g1n, pr1nc1p1e
818.,.
ccmander
enev
1ead
bul1et
()
to Idll
3 (3)
to r8l1nd
generositq
al
&&
06
1821,
06 V
l 06.
6
3, .
3 .
' ~ 6
' ~ 3
~ '06 .
.
~
~oo
'
'
~ ~ '.
l , . .
'.
'
6 K~~ 6 .
': To~,oI. 6 6.
'
!. y~ , .
~ . ~x~o. .
n . .
L~ ~ ~. .'o~~
3~ ~ 6 ~ .
o~ ~o t ~oI. ' ~ x~o
6 ! i6.
: " 6:
':: ! ~o 6.
. ' 6nL.
l.:
~ :
6 . 6 6 : ~ ,
. o~ C .6n, ' ,_
o~,-x.6vL . 6: , .
~ W oV~.
6 K:z':K~ 6 : -6 . .Ai:;~
i~o
YLA atatPE,
6 ~6 LL6
\
~ .:
Lv.
2.Se
UNIT 2'
tbit 21
()
to have a ha1rcut
(1. )
(the) pr1est
, ,
beli'e,
~oo &
t 6 &
We both
.
()
, -,
M~ .
(1)
tolaugh
-6
natural
'
8ince,
alnost,
6 , '
tor, because,
long ..
about
t 6 ' 6
tor
alllost
a IIOnth.
i&
(the) ne1ghborhood
(the) tactory
~,
Wbat vou1d
,"OU 88
6 ,
the barbeJ'
6 ;
on
&,
sugrested V go
to
1t
&
SOMe
(the) advantage
(the) d.isadvantage
259
Uttle,
vorkers tbere.
L oK~-
SO
advantages too.
't.
(the) barber
bes1deS, 1n
6 (6)
to cut
; ()
to sbave
L 't 6
fo
't&
'tf,v
to
: o~ \) 6L
.,
~& C~,
electi0D8
L't~6,
't6
poUt1cal
party. fact10n
'tf,v
~,
-f" -6
'Ko~
'twv
add1t1c
't&
au'twv
o~ 't
op1n1aru
~&o ~'t~
ad variow
pol1tical part188.
6'tC.
7tpOc (o"c)
(,)
t prok.
t 'to~~~ ~'t~
.oU
6~c .
't6
Ev
~co
't&
to cbal18up, r0U88
'to~c~I "'t~
Az;yq. . "
got to
to that b81'ber
bop
b.r aU . . . .
6 \i.
()
capleteq
c~f, -f, -
1nd1.f'f'erent
~ (~)
to
escape. to &Up
(the) ord
~ ~
260
21
6 L &~,
Be
L L,
(the) meber
! L L 6
".
or
Parl1aJent
the brother
eber
ot Parl1cent.
6Lv L 6 ;
rL 6L~ L ~ !!;
!YLVE
nOL6
"6;
L "! 6L
llOLa
~ ;
~ L i;
6 L
" 6 LL ~2~~~e!2.
6 .L
beauv
! ?L n_g!e~~e~~g 3.
ln
b1gh soclev
L 6 ~~!~~ ~2~~~~!2!~!~~.
"~~~~~~~
t1Dor, _torq
"LC
aprtent
elevator
YLa
6 6 tL " L'fL
()
L !~_~!g~!e!Q~g
,
to enter
.
apartment
- -
modem
261
bow
Q!_~!!2~Q~~ ~o ~ L ~
.
'&
ato&ouaa ~o
--In~n~~t~!I.,
,
~o
L ~L
vaiting
tL, -,
furn1shed
- !~_~~!~~ ~o . .
-6 ~.o
a piece
fudture
~e!~!:~
-&6
V o~6 ~ ~ & .
~~~~~~!!~!.
~L, -,
-6
collrtabe
A~ !~_!E~~~~~~!~ . ~ ~~ ~E!2~!~~.
't'6
~K.
't'6
LL
8III&ll table
11&11
!~_~2~E~!~~
't' .
't'o.
pboto,
't'6 !~_X!!~!~ . L
p1ctre
co1!ture
!!j~-~~~~.
't'6
od.,
ta_h1CD
oua't'aKL
I8OU8tache
- L/ L
beard
't'6 -6 6. . ~~1~~!~.
,
- -L/(-
.)
poU:te
~ ~o Q~!~~!!~~~
L't'L,
-,
-6
talkatlve
262
UNIT
21
athlet1cs, sport
o~ ~ ~2~~~~~~2i~
Ko~~K, -,
80cial
T~_Y~Y2~~~ ~ o.~ o~ .
e8nt,
tact
. . . ~~ ~!~QQ~~!~~~
&.~
a13osphere
. &.
" .
. .
E~ . . . ~ ~o~ o'O~K
x~C.~ . ~ . '..
M~ . p~
. ~ . Ko.~o ~ ~~ ~ . .
at-
& . ~ ~ . x~ .
~.
&6 . ~ '~K .
.K~ . ~ . .
o~K.
~K ~ 1p~
'OxO~ 'r . ~W
&~ .
., . , ~ ~K
o~ o.K~ ~.
~rge
M~~ ~
'.~
.6 Ko~o . ~rge7
E~~ o.~o;
~ ".;
E~ &6 . ~K K.~ . .;
aL&Ouaa
: .;
. . . . . . ~;
26J.
Oeorge
~ o~ '\"
'\"ou
~;
!2!:!_!!:.!.
Hotes
-.
We never
~ '\" ( .
exanplB
'l11ese
'Ihe
ccp18te declena1n
o~
tbose p].aces.
8&11
parad1.1,11
t.h1.s
fam1~ !
nouns 18:
!!.
~.
'\"6
'\"ou
'\"
'\"6
!2!:!_!!:.! Houna ne
U8B
-.
had 11
'Ibe ord
obj.et
of fru1t8.
SON
'\" '\";
TC '\" '\";
k1nd
' '\"
have a ! of th1Dp.
o~ th1D
do you se.%
thoub 1888
frequentJ3r
!!!!.!!.%1
Verb: Cla88
Verb8 -
JJperat1ve.
'D 'ta1l1ar' Iperat1ve (1.e. 2Dd pers.S1%1g.) eu:Ung ! this Clas8 ! verb8 18
.poute.
be aW.ar tr
:lausuaIllv based
pas8i'V8 perfect1'V8
Class
IJperat1ve (1 2d pers.P1ur.) 18
OD
-'\".
Bte
ore
the
BteI.
verb
lI1dch do
have an act1ve
nmterpart
264
Iperat1'V8
...
ErJUmlea:
;;;;;,
Act.:f.ve
Verb
---
Polite
~_A",,..,,.,_
&&-
~a_ao
Kx-&x~"
.&-
.&
tL
.&-
L~"C
-&-
!&
.".cx-.,-u...
:.
th1s c1ass haw 1rregu1ar
Sae erb8
~xol.
18
l,
xci~E
18
Note 21.11
------
2!:
Ad.jecUw:
Iperat1'V8
the
erb
cme
e.g. the
Iperat1ves
a&.
18
&TjO"'t
&'t'C1.
'l'be US8
.,
-,
-6
'oneIa 01ID'.
pronOUD
.,
C1otJetc.
and agrees v1th the noun 1t modit1es or the noun 1t re!ers to.
neaning
h1B , ete:.
~!!:
'~_~:~'i_~\! 6
!( m
brother.
6 l. ~:~'i.~~':.
Re 18
'1!._~:~'2._~~,: .
Your
. ~!:.~1_~~,:.
Sbe
18 yours.
6 . '(. ..
H1s
OIID
AV't'6
\:. . .
m.
on
daughter.
ch1ld.
lt 18 h1s.
~~_~!:.~C:~~'i .
Or on
. ~!:,~C:~J:~'i..
1b8y
~~_~I:.~~~_~~'!. .
V't' :. ~~~~'i_~~'i..
..___I:.~~_:.c:~ . ..
'1he1r
. _:.~__:'~V_'i..
brothers.
are
oun.
om
ch11.dren.
proun 'in ,
'youra ,
Reeponse E1erc1ae
-----------------
&& 6 6 ~ ;
6~ ~& a~& ;
~ 6 v ;
8v' 6 ;
E~
~K6 ;
E~ ~~6;
~& o~ & &~ & ~&;
O~ ~ 6 ~ K~6 ;
~
~ ~vxva
avT6
0'.6
o~o;
K~ ~ ~;
o~ 6 fv;
o~ ~ TOV ~~o;
~ ~napxovv ~& ~oK
~fv o~~K;
~~ ~6o ~K ~ ~ t~;
Un1t
82
&'4. (.a&)
&, ~ .&c-. ~6o.
8&
to be 1n a buJ"I'7
6
ou rq
U~t~.
22
nn oel"
(&)
b1' a
CU" ( . . . . . C8I' Ul
to anUc1pa_,to
et
y.~
&a ~6 &.
34
I'U
~ ~. 6K.~. &~.
'u~6v ~6 6..
~&
d1dn It
knor
tbat
yu
6.&~, -~, -
vere
01ng
\here
to traV81
are you
o1n82
1nternat1coal
(the) exh1b1t1oa,8ho,state81t,
report, copoa1t1oD
( tbe) a1.rport
&a.
~6 6.
~ .&'&.
tJ,
6.
",
1n
toC8td
cut ;you').
8 (.
. ~ K~ & . ~6
the
Intenat10nal
Fa1r 1n
bessalon1k1.
6..
",
(tbe) epocb,
888.011, t1Je,
era
267
~ ~ ~ ;
this
1J ! year~
lK,
lt
-c,
lt
!rn
()
to doubt
a~a ~ l&.
Mybe,
beC8U8e ! the
~a ~6 'a~
~ aaa.
veather.
rLa~C a
~6 ~aCL ~ ~pLO;
doubt
8Xh1b1t1cn.
70U1' tr1p
unt.1l worToil
Ko~~
DQlUJense
to th1n1c too
~L (&)
a~6 (, , ~o
I8cb,
to pq
too
IIIch ter1
;aelt,
~6 :~a
(the) t1ancM
Ko~.
8 &~
f~.L ~6 a~6 .
'
~6 :~ o~
KL
~ ~6 6L.
tor
lnC
lnt
tbe a1rport..
OD,
~o
~ ~o, O~L :.
upn,
at 188t,
&~ (Ka&~)
()
A1\V rate
to delay, deter
& Ka&~ !
lt
~a ~'oo .
, -, -
exact
6, -, -
1JPB1
268
me
UNIT
, .
Run
,(
on t1Jne. because
~ .
50
lao
on tbe
patJ,ent
&~ LL
1n 8DY c...
f ')
to
'
Don '
nL.
talJ
8.,. tbat.
POV.
~& & .
how 1mpatient
owr 8ga1D
cntral'1
vL6, -~, -
w. 'U talk 1t
back.
,( ;
:
" 6 L 6:
L 6 &;
~ & ;
6 ~ L ~K 6 ,
YL6
';
( ~ 6:
& & 6 ;
6 ~;
& ' ';
N8n'at1"
8treetcar
-,
22
lJ'
6 ~~e~ L.
(they) ensted
L, -, -
yellow, pale
3 ~!~~~y~!~y .
~3L (~33/~~)
~~ ~_~~~~!f~~~~'
to feel
luxury
L ~y ~1_~~e!~~~~.
~
sard1ne
l.1ne, tall
~~~!~~~'
~L' (~L~)
to
6 vL !e~~~~~ ' .
6, -~,
-6
near, to approach
cce
the part
the speaker.
mad, 1n8ane, crQ1'
CL !~~~~~~~~.
6 L6 LO
ep1sode, 1nc1dent,
600 Lp o~-&o~
i!4Ig~~ & 6 .
~K/~Ko
occurrmce
1n va1n
(bu8) conductor
aya'L& L ~L ~.
~L,
-,
6 6
trolley bu8
!!~e~ &
(KoK~)
~~
to be flattered
.
~ L6 ~~~~ .
~~~!~g !
YLa
v1ah
vere able
carriage, cart
6 CL .
L (L~) (2)
-,
cah,
qu1et
6 6 ~L L ~~~~~e~.
3
vannth
22
~ ~ .
, 3
~ 'cx\j.
~ , &
6, c c c.
'
, , ,
,. xU.
xcx3 3.
~ (
& .
" , 3
' .
& ~ 6
.
.
ot
', a( 6
~ 6 ~o &
Ma& 6 ,
! '! 6 o.~
& 6 ;
;
6 ;
! ~ 6 ;
K~ !~o ;
K~o ;
6 &;
an ;
Gruatical Hotes
...--------------
1n
-.
::71
EtaaL L ~ .
~ L~~L (.
-, -, - ()l'd declens10n
1n katharevusa).
plural 81d1ngs
-ELtor
the Dl8aculJne
Pl.
L~
~~6
L&
~~o!
L~
~~L
L~\'
t&fL
~6
;&
L-&
'1he lcatbarews&
decleru10n
ot these adject1V88
111
be d1scussed 1n 1ater
unit.
() ~x ~6o .
K~() ~o ~(o~.
Don '
11 wn. anytb1.n1
.... Preact
..
5.
!2..~_!!~!-Verb:
t8ll1n1ne and
_.. ---
&ci
~x.
& xLp6.
o~ ~~o~o vo
~.
V~ ~~ ~ ~ K~!PLQ.
&ci
vci
'~~.
plua
1 ther
1n the
Cont1nuOU
Past or 1n tho
Subjunct1vo.
L 6
~ '
nlpuaL
~6 (L.
272
w1sh
1 th yu
to
. ~ ~ & !
1ah
~o 6 ~6 tL.
1 could go 111th
to
G'eeo
next.
8UIIIIerJ
- ~& ~~ ~
wE 6~ ~& !6
r~a~t 6
WpxotJv
.&
~ ~ ~.6~~ :
wExouv
~&
~.M &K~o
&o~o ~
wAv
o~ & ~ ~E I~:
Ifo~ & ~
M61roLO
2.,3
't"6
't"6
't"..
(the) bakery . (. )
't"6
'L
't"6
'L
't"6
.'L
't"6
'L
(the) tWmnac,y
tfPE't"E nou
'L,
.'L
't"6
't"6
't".'L,
'L,
't"6
Do
know by
aJJ
't"6
'L;
rgreen-grocerIs
't"6
't"6
or6
nX.KO
(tbe) g'OO8Z'7
8or or
.,
't"6
u,
or6
't"6
You
lD8n
.;
(the) _arket
't"6
't"6
3u'L
f't" 'L
3uo'L
dor 8 'lOU
aq.
't"
UNIT 83
(the)
6 K~o ~ T~ ,
']he
K~ 'T~ ,
pbarac,y
the
Twn
1s
pier
the square, r1gbt. b8h1nd
p1er.
T~ .
()
O~KT6/O~XT6, -~,
to
-6
open
x~T6, -~, -
cloaed
How long
ar&
these stores
opent
y~
general:q
()
to close
TT~ 6 , ,
y~ .
genera1J,y they
oT6o~
6, -~,
acam.
But
clo8e 1ate.
(th&) resort, pa
-6
y1:g
~ Ko~~K~ ~
1 us knof
x~
(adj.)
n1ght.
~.
(the)
, ~ ~~o~
\lel1 then,
, y~ a
ork
ha t:1De
vake up in
order
to go to
orlc2
()T6~o, -, -
native, 1Dcal.
~~~o, -, -
accwted,
K~
l1lce you
27"5
118\1&1, U8ed to
~6LOL K~ , '~6
~o LL.
L VL~LOL.
donIt
n1nd;
tbey 1 re used to
L6~OL L L
major1ty
KL'~o , .
1.
But the
, -, -
~L; ~6 ~;
cur1OU8, pecul1ar,
~~no ~.
8trange
JD8n
knv
etrDg8
that! What a
you are.
L ~~ K~o L , L, L, L
&.;
~ ~ ~~
~ ~~
~6 ~ .& ~& .&
~ ~ ~6
~ . ~ o..~ ~ ~ ~ o~o;
&~no;
rLa~t ~6 V~6;
---Harra't1w
6 !~Xg!~
~6 ~~o.
~'i:/~
acc1dental1y
!~_!2~!2 ~~
to
rem.eber,
1aD1acape
6 t ~~ ~~!~~e~q! L.
~Lo, -, -
Vr1' grer1
to recaU
urr 2)
' ~
Hy!e!!.
6 /
6 ~~~!2~ .
6, -, -
steep
. . ~!!y!~e!l!!!
uoUDd
. ~~ef~!!!2'
va1k, St'oU
6 6 .6 . ..
6 ./
plane-tree
!e!!r2~~2~~!!y ..
()
(1)
to
_~!~~e!! . .
s1ng
gu1tar
~y~!e2'
6 .
~Q_~!e!!~ ~ 6.
a1r, v1rd
36 6
_811,
_~~e~~~ &' ..
6 .
per1'ue,
scent
ci18h ade
ot
fragr8DC8,
1ntest1ne
vouDd an a 8p1t
HH~ ~!!y!!!I!~eQ~y ..
()
to br1ng
bck
. ~e!!r~!!~!!!!'
.6/-
real1v
. . 6 ~y!!~yfi~!~ .
.
recoUectl
. ~~~~ ~~e!l!!!~
~ ,
~ ~ 2_~~~
1
a
81JJ>11'
beau~
Ood
~~!~ 6 .6 .6 1
. (.)
tc grant
()
to l ive agam
v ~ 5 '
~.
. .
6 6 . .
277
( .
, '
~ ~ .
' ~ , , .
, ~,
'6
"
p~o,
A~o
:"
7C:~J
'
-"
c:r. , :-,
~ '
~ .
l ,
6
~o
'
~!_~-
.L
~ 6 ;
To~ & 6 ;
6 ~ 6 ;
~ ~ ;
U 6;
~ K~o 36 ;
L6v 6 , lv ;
! !L;
~ , ' L ;
r-t.1cal. Hotea
-----------------
~~~
& ~
beau~
fum18hed..
~.!:~~!!?!'~~!I.
L ~~e~~~~~~~
~v-&L.
0!78
lII1V educated
people.
~ !
23
a.rr1ed.
!!!!~!E~~~~2~
'1he underl1ned vords 1n the
'1he Past Partlclples in
l1ke other adjectl 1n
8 a
sentences are
aboe
Part1c1ples.
bave gender
(o.()S , -
:1nf'lected
o.()S.
n.
the Class
Verbs
(Puslw)
perfective stem of the verb and. 18 fomed ~ the addition ! the .uCf1x _, -,
-.
'1he last cn.scnan (or cnb1natlon ! to COMOMt) ! the st.. 18 elther dropped
follving
aDi
--&-/-- t.he
Verb
'to marryI
'to be vr1tten
rules:
'
--
ofthe
to
be
doubled), e.g.
~!:.~
~2~_~c1P!!
-&-
'arr1ed
-&-
'r1tten
/-
'
-&-
'pent
surf1- 18
disissed'-&-
'
'di818sed'
--
'to be opened'
&-
'opened'
to
-&-
ugt
&,
'to be changed
-&-
'changed I
'sent.
-&-
'read.
d:yopaa&-
d:
'bought
'laughed at'
~)-~-&-/-C1'f-
be
tauht'
are replaced b7
'
'to be
'
to
nay
--
be bought I
'
to
be laughed
at'
4) --&- 18 dropped, e.g.
-&-
'to be loved'
-&-
r.
'loved'
'to be forgiven
-&-
'forgiven
'to be vashed'
-&-
'vashed'
'
279
'
!!:.~~
Verb
cit; .
to
:.
'to be
~!!_!~~
be
Verb: Class
\) .
&~.
lSn
Verbs:
!!!~.!~~~!~~
-&-
-&-
'sent
'
Per1ctie teDa.
Irregular
etc.
:.
'to see is , ,
'irregular' beC8use does not have the suf't1x -&- (or - -) lIhich
and
~!~:1
are:
:.
()
'to
be glad'
6:.
()
to
be
ro:.
(.)
to
be drown8d.
V. .bt V8I'b8
'
lJIixed Ccrjup1J..on.
t : .
ons
to t1Dd ' 8d
'to
verbe descr1bed
go
.bove~
~-~~
mc
1be ~b
t.o
s1t ~ Ito
: .
re:1e l1J
lto
Clus 11
ClaS8
~b:
~y
-&
&-&
8 ~ 6 . . ..& '
'~;
2'80
~ ~ K~~~ ~ ' ~
~ ~ ~, t ~~ ~K;
~ ~ ! ~ ~ ~
~~~~ ~
tpyaata
tpyaata
~ K~ & ~;
~ ~ t ;
O~& ~ ~ ~~o~& ~ ~ ;
~ ~vL ~;
~ & ~& ~o-K~K;
~ && o~;
~ ~ &&;
~ ~L;
~~ & ~ ~ ~L~~ ~
~'&t ~
~~K &~;
8&
~& ~ ~ ;
~ ~ ~ o~;
~ ~o ~ t;
~ ~ ~ ~;
~~ ,
~o vt
MoPEt~E
~ ~K ~ ~ ~
~ ;
2.0,
~ ~ ;
23
Un1t a4
Bu1c
D1a1op
6
K~~o~~~6, -,
kDock), torard
real estate (j.)
-6v
K.~
Mr. 80-end-so
(O~K~)
to reDt
He1.1D1
~~ VL ~
lci
ot Mr. 8o-and-eo1
apartaent.
~L.
-~ VO~K
VOK ~6 ~~ 6
rr
Do you bave
~~L &;
partlcular 8ect1cn 1n
ho1f 81V'
J'QCII8
"w 1t I )
a 8ect1on ot Ath8D8
~ K~oM
(tbe) bedroa
~66"
~6aa ~ K~oM,
bedroClJl8,
c6, ~; ouctva
roc,
oloaaki,
a large 11'Ving
ki tcben
8Dd
do you need1
~6
ci ~u ~6 L
1d
roc,
a ma1d 18
a din1ng
roc.
~L .
~ SI
oons1derat1on
under (.).
'SLV
ur1er C81deratcn,
282
1n
, -,
24
e1pJ1th
&L,
' ' ~ ,
-,
a't6v
'tt, 6
't6
under COIlslderatlo')
6 &.
't6
0D8
but 1t'a
vacant
(the) ba t.hroca
't6
(the) garden
't't
(the ) terrace
&'t ! 't,
vant
't't.
md
gard.eo an
't6
(the) church
(the) helght (lience)
&
't6
a terrace.
(t.he) nev
(tbe) ba1ce;r
't
(t.he) porch
tovards (.)
't !, '~
~ &
'tou
It's
6 't
ear tbe
& &.
'tt ()
't6
to cost
(the) reo
(~)
.
6 'tt
't6v
to exceed,
Very vell.
~6 'tt
4.000.-
('
8urp888
d.rachaa' ).
28)
&.
(the) heat1ng
~6 K~.6
(the) electr1c1ty
.~ . ~6
beCAUS8
Mat~,
electr1dty, ew.
~x (-ro)
to
.OK~~~
()
to call back
"' t~.6
. ~ ~~ ~~ ~.~,
It
80 happ8
& ~~ ~ .OK~~~
& . t~ ~. ~6
"' . 045-136,t~.
number
a8
bappen
to call the
mer
and
yr
telepbone
203;
t6:~
"' U.o
(the) ontract
OK~o~
(the) ret.a1ner
()
~ "'~ tt'-ro- ~ ~
cert.a1D
over,
o"'o~ . ~6 -
88
', "' .
~& "' .;
. ~ ~& ~ ..
6 ~. ~& ~x;
A~ . ~~ ., ~ .~;
tor
u1 7., CC88
a reta1ner.
"'.
284
aft8r'Cl,
21
~~o~o ~~
~o~'~o ~&~o
~~ ~6 ~ ~~;
~ ~ ~~
~~ & ~o '~ K~ ~ ~;
6~~ ~ ;
OK~O ~ ~ ~ ;
K.~ & K~~ ~ ~ ~~;
~ OK~o;
Narrat1".
------
' \ ~ !~:!~~!!~~~~~~~
~o ~ ~o.
Koo~ (Koo~)
(3)
~ ~~g1~~ ~o\ ~~
to sat18fy'
~ .
DC88s1v,
need
&u6~ o~ ~ !2_~~~2!.
Mo~ ~ ~'~OK~o, ~~~V~J~
OK~o.
~H& ~o !!E~!!~~E~
~&o.
()
to pay 1n advance
1nadvance
&
~ &~o.
'Q_!~e~e~~ ~~ o~ ~ 6~ ~ o~O~Kc.
1n proport1on to
dOODlll,
jan1tor
~ ~g~Qe!!~e ~ ~~.
Ko~
rad1ator
Ko~K,
-,
regular, ord1Dary
6 -& L ~~:E~~~~'
vasteful, extravagant.
~o, -, -
prodigal
to sv1Jn, to bathe
6 ~o ~fe~:~QX:E~'
!!~!!1f~ ~6 ~ ~o.
L
duck
'~ 8 ~!!}eQ.
~6 6
bab;y
A~ L '~ (~ !!~~~!f~1~.
~6 1t~L
vash1ng
ach1.M
~L
lodger... tenant
EtvaL L ~o ( !e1q:E!~~2!.
Ln6 -
Chrut1an
~ ~!e~~~~:E~1 ~6 -& ~.
LaL (-&)
to ahare
~o ~ ~~22~.
~6 ~oo
expens8
extr.~g8Dce
L ~_~~:E~~.
pelthouae
S800nd
(X~La-&w)
8 ~ ~6 L~L6 .
to be bu1lt
L
~~~Q~~~~~
(
diff'1cult:r
2
6 K~~o~~~K6 ~o ~o
O~K~ ~a~.
K.Maupfa
24
~ ~o , &f~
.uf ~ ~&o
~ ~ ~
~ &fuv ~ ~o ~ ~o ~ ~. O~ ~ ~
~a~ uo ! ~ yo~ ~ ~ ~ ~o ~o! ~
,
~ ~ K~~ ~ ~a~~,
OK~o.
o~,
oK~ OK~o~,
! ~6 ~ ~
~OK~~.
~6 OK~O npfnE~ ~,
~ y~, ~ ~6
~6 ~f,
~6 K~~,
K.~..
~ ~6 ~ ~ao ! ~o f
~ -~ ~ ~ f ~6 6,
~ 6 ! ~ & f ~6 ~~o.
~ ~ ~
K~ ~~6 ~6 &f.
~6o~ ~ ~o
K.Maupfa
o~~o ~ ~~!
&fa.
E~ ~ ~6
~o ~&o !~ ~6;
po&~ ;
K~ K~ ~ o~ ~o;
281
K.Maupfa;
v 6 LL;
6 tOtKLa L L;
6 ;
LL vL .;
Tt
L 6 L6 xapL;
rLaTt
tL 6;
L L ;
t , L;
Tt
nPOTLou L~~6L .;
rLaTt
nPOTLou 6;
LL~ ~ ~;
~L ;
'aga1n .
' ~o .
~.
We 111 talJc
W3 ~
the
L.
L.
cae
bac:Jc.
those beauti!1I1
11luatrated b1' the above exap1 the verba vith the pre1"b: -
'nd.s pref'1x 18
verba, e.g.
~
vanted
ADer1ca.
extree1y
'1;0 coe
back aga1n',
11;0
re-take'
ued.
tL
'to recur l
'1;0
to
rearry
't rewr1te'
read aga1n'
'to rev1ve l
vi th a great n\llllber
lto go ou aga:1n',
in
soneth1ng.
CO8
'to catch
24
Verbs '1:>egiDning wi th a 'VOWel usually have this voel ass1Jn1lated ! th the /a-/ ! tbe
-
pret1x
e.g.
&
'to love'
'to
'to repurcbase'
&
'to
Opn'
'to reopen'
~o
'to
cae'
etc.
o~ o~o.
Th1a example il1uBtrates the use
by add1ng the su1'tix -o~
stem
pay1.ng
ot
a down-payaent.
one
the verb.
7be Present Act1ve Part1ciple mean8 on doing ao-and-eo' and 1& :1Ddecl1nable.
correspond1ng katbarevuaa
F.xanples:
:n,
o~,
vhich iB decl.1nable,
('1'be
~o~, .~, ~
etc.
. . ~ ~
M~ ~. ~ ..
'' ~ ~., . ~6 ~ ;
~. fXE. ~ ~. ~ ~ ..
~ x~~ ~ ~ ~.;
~ ~ ~ ~ o~o . ~ ~. ~ . ~6 ., ;
~ ~ . ~o,O
~ . ~., . ;
'' ~ o~o,, ~x. & ~ o~o,;
U ~6 ~;
' ;
~~ ~~ ~o ~6 ~~ ! ~;
" ~ ~~ . :> ~ ~, ~
~~ ~ ~~~ ! ~;
~ ~ ~~ ~~ ~o~ ~o~o~ ~6 ~~
3, ~'~ ~ ~;
8 ~ x~ o~ ~o 6 6 ~ ~
~ oo~ ~ l6 ~o 6;
~, . ~, ( oo~ ~~
~~ ' ~ ~
o~6 ~ 6 ,
6 ~, ~ ...
~90
Part
nOL6v
L6
as
~.
Cae
on 1n please.
doctor do
j"OU
Take
8 8.
Wh1ch
a patient
~6o
(the) surgeon
6 ~6o, ~
alo
L lJ 6 npw'Cxt
L.
~Q2'Q~Q~Q!,;
.6 L
!.
2.p.JI1.
()
~ . L
~;
Hwever IId
questions now.
'~;
, -,
70U
do you work?
-6
rural, agr1cultural
~/LL
6 :
(the) health
L Lv.
8Q118
(}oty
nae
work
'
L 6 t
.
2.'<}1
.fv, -, -
1n8ured
6 '
(tbe) 8stab1i8bent,1nat1tut1on
6 Uu ..
~ (...)
(.I..)
f & .fv 6 Uu .-
. "A~;
., -,
Soc1al ~OO7
public
,
W 18 tar publ1c
S8rvant,
vorkers,
etc.
n
------
Part.
6 .,
" &..
.f. (&)
to be bon1
& & 6
. .
All r1&ht.
~;
16 t &;
your 1l1ness.
old are
OU7
born :1n
C1P'U8
Wber8 vere
ou
bornf
"f '/ . 45
and _
4S
)"8ar8
old.
&
to BUtfer, to be 111
6., -, -
chron1c
~ &f./6 (.)/
6 &.;
Do
OU
have
ary chrn1c
di8oas8s7
(.)
as
6 ~~ 8~/6 o~
86
~Ox~.
6 ~~ .
~Ex ~&
nol
Thank Ood,
'.
.
6
~ -& ~n&
artbr1ti8
()
(,)
t1Je
to tJM
to get 01der
6 ~ O~~ -6 ~x
'1he
on~
~o~ 6 6 -&~~~.
, ~.
kDw,
1fe're
1D
oldJ
(exac~)
are yuu
lb nor7
you
~2q2~~~,
r. &-& ~;
Wb8re
~ ;
(the) pa1n
~6 ~ox~
(tbe) atacb
(the) headache
~&
A~ ~ ~~ 6 ~6
'l'h18 very
om
ox~, ~
8tcaCb,
~&.
1feakneS8.
have
8C
betore (.)
6 6
~' (~)
toexaine
(S1e
P8stz
pa1n 1n rq
! gmeral
~)
~6
, 6 6
\the) ulcer
~6 -
29.3
had a med1cal
ex.arinat1on
, -, -
(the) appeDtic1t1s
( (~)
to be operated
(the) cOMp11cat1on
(,
haveJ
&
6 &6
be operated. on
('which
&hould
mut be
operated')
copl1cat1ons.
other1se
(&)
to und.reS8 , oMselt
Yes,
&.
understand...
Cn
(&)
to get
(the) pre&sure
(the) n1crobiologist
(the) analys1s
re~
111
6 -
anaes.
?94
nicrobiolog1st
Vi11
ca
for various
Part
~~/~~
late17, recent!7
~6 a
(the) b100d
~& {
(the) ur1ne
of
25
your blood
and
ur1ne analy8ed
recent:q!
K~.oy
X-rq
(the)
~6 L&
(the) card1ogr_
~OXL ~ ~~.
L ~6,
~Lt
8&
~~,
& &
recent!7.
an X-ray
'd
lfI1
lng
l1ke 1t po8s1ble to
lug
and a card.1ogr...
L&.
(, f
prev10us
&
! ~6 ( L&
You can
the
X-rq~ but
pre.LoU8 cardiogram.
&
(the) col1eague
L6
(the) card101og1st
(the) eftort
f tL ~6
1 ' 8
&6 L6 .
orth h1le
6L ~6 f~L f ~x
ha8
~ .
anyth1ng rrongJ.
tL ~6 &
& ~o.
jwt
8ent
to
295
()
to Cough
-, -
on bo
t ~ . ~
;
has a cold
hve
a cold7
no'
(the) 1ntluenza
, -, -
IU.gh (.)
~~
(the) feV81"
! &, ~&K~.
o~~ ~~.
(the) a8p1r1n
~ &
Ko&o~ (Ko~)
to get t1red
~K, -, -
tiDy, ver,
~K ~ ~
But
& ~& ~ ~6 ~ ~
for
~.
& o&o~ ~
took s8V81"al
v
sall
asp1r1nJ
and . . . 88d.ic1ne
get t.1red
VfI'
eaei11'.
~K6.
(~)
to 118
dorn
~ ~
1n the
eant1Je
~ ~6~o
(the) thennomet.er
T~~ ~ ~ t~
that, 1n the
~ ~ , ~ ~~
80
~ ~ ~~6~o.
()
to go up, to
(the) teperature
~oK
~oK
r1S8
.&;..
tIIIT a5
doesnlt _tter.
.&&~o, -, -
& .&
YOU
. & .&~o.
M~
11;1.
~ .
becau.e
Don t
.~6 &
NOIf
X~
~.K.
teel
you re 1n gqod
leav1Dg.
you 1n a
:Lnu.
aod
8bape
1107.
lre 1n
he
bape.
doctor v1ll
GoodV.
and
aga1n.
Or_t1ca1. Hotes
-----------------
.~~.o ~ &.
h.
~o
,.t
~o
8d
~~o
)rd
~~~o
4th
~o
5th
K~o
6th
7th
8th
lv~
9th
Ka~o
10th
Ka~o/~Ka~o
11th
a~o
12th
Ka~o ~~o
13th
Ko~6
20th
Ko~6 ~o
21
297
..-m.
hope you 111
-r
2211d
30th
40th
Soth
60th
70th
80th
90th
100th
121st
..6
aooth
..6
)OOth
..6
1000th
. ..6
aoooth
...6
. ..6
10000th
...6
100000th
.6
Ord.1nal
n\n8ral
1000000th
-,
~~~-~~
~!..C!!
.-u.Ko6o
obstetrlc1an-necologist
&
o)itta1Jlog1rt.
.6
otolar1ngolog18t
ped1atr1c18
det18t
})81'ch1atr1rt.
6 ..
Matennt 1
6 u.Lv
Mental Inatitut1on:
. ..
Neurolog1c1.
Cl1nic
-.
Patlent8
-------
&
neurot.:1c
cjoa&
peychopatb
D1sea_e_
------
aeles
..
ch1cken
't":'t",
hepat.:1t1a
uyo
hea:rt att8ck
cancer
U_etul words
----------
l:,
(surg1cal) operat1on
di.fterence
't"a
&,
shell1'1sh
't"a
v,
usaels
't"a
't",
rster&
d1rV
otten
't"v
betreen
&v, (&&)
to be cured
va, (&)
to be treated (Pat1ent )
(o'G)
to
V't"
(vcj)
to cowr
~~!..!~!!!
, ;
"Haaa't"av nO't"f
v ~'t";
t't";
't" u 't"v ,'t"v;
"'t"
nO't"f
" ,
rf
't"t
l:,,&;
'
't";
,6 : 't";
't"E
't"t
~ ,;
&1'0111
25
& ~x;
&& ;
L 6 6;
~ & & ~o 6 6;
6 ;
CC ~ ';
~ 6 &6 6 ;
& & & t 6;
6 ;
& && ;
& & & ;
~o &L;
t &;
& && ~ '&;
& & & &&
6 (, , ...) 6 & ;
300
Review
21 - 2$
REVIEW
Ih1ts
21-25
Rev1w
Drills
!
the r1ght.
no~f ~ ~o.
~ ~ 3.
Moa
'v~6 oU~E
~ ' ~
ocx
.
~ o~ 3
.
o~ ~o ~ ~6o .
3 ~ tL ~o
__ ~
o~.
~ 3 ~K
.
To~
o~
p~
~.
~a
ii
o~
~6
~ 3
o~.
~o
&
o~
~o.
.
v~o~o ~~ ~ ~o
__________
~6o v~ ~ a~~ ~
o~o
'
p~
~.
o~
o~
~o
v~
&
~6 .
6 ~~ ~o ~
'3
Av~ ~ ;
3~
~o.
ocx
~ ~o.
A~ o~o 8.
}1
~ ;
.
' .6 : ., . . .
.6
! ~.
.6
" ~. .6 ! n . . :
, .
. . . '. .
--------
K&~ ! ... .
(.
.6. . ., . . .6 , ..
0.1.
.6
.6
. . . K.'f.a. 6 '
.6 L.
6 . (. .~
.
!X~o..
.'6
&
.6
.-
..
.6
~ .6 o~ .
V. .6
Av.6 .6
..
. ~6o .
ci.
.
. . . . -
~o.
.".
f
(.6)
. & . ( .
.~ . .
'.6
.6
6.000
~xo
.-
~o
.1..
' .
.(./.t.
6 .
.(
...
.
&
1965.
& L ~ ~
..
~o.,
~x. .(..
. 6 ...
.(.
302
Reiew 21 - 25
'
l%
6.
' ,
6 -
.
K~ ~
'
- .
6: .
.
'
6 ~
~o
~~WO
' ~.
Narrative
~ .
~.
~* , ! ~xo
.
'
, .
( ~
, ,
8 6.
~o6 , ,
, ... 8 .
~.
~,
( ~xo ,
...
( '
~ ~WO
~o , o~,
.
',, .-&.. ~
. 6 . , . C .
6 . .6 '.
-& ' . .
& ~~
~, ~ . 6 U.
. . . Kow ~ ~
. .
.
nEPVOUV
-& t
. .
. ,
6 . ~o.
~
. , .
~ . ' .
' ., . ' .
. u ' ..
'
lxovv
. , t- '~ 6
. . . l. ~ .
vo ~ ~xo .
~t , K~ .
. nOUV .
.~
~,
. ,
. ,
.. .
.U . .
- ' . .. ,
~
~
. .
-&
..
-&. . !
~o .
u . ~*.*.
.~ . . ~K .
..
*
**
**.
. .
.6
psycholog1oa1
!rn tU
-&, ~
.-
proble
to t1Jne
an Athenian
Review a, - a$
. 6 6" .
, . .
6 .6 . .
' . .
Mine 18
( : .;
81011.
What ~ 18 it7
. !
.'.V
9:30
9:45
'0:10
10:,$
& ".V
10':30
l'.v
1~:30
12:00
& ".V 6 .
12:30 ..
noon
. '.V
1:30
6 '.V
2:30
t .V
3130
. .V 6 6
4:)0 ..
$1)0
".V
6:)0
'.V
7:30
K'.V
6:)0.
lvvfa
'.
bK
9:25
,2:00 JII1dn1gbt
5:00 ..
GLOSSARY
(~6)
()
17
()
stat.ue
-&6:"
love
to love
IIIrket
place
. (~)
~
(~)
22
()
eternal
&
( )
attache
t.~
. ()
tal'lD
to feel
hear, to
expen8i"ene88 ,
.6
rral,
~.a ()
xact
~y
expen8i"e
/& ()
s1ster
"
exactly'
. ()
Acropol1s
~" ()
XorY
~" (~)
8&1t
&. ()
truth,
but
agr1cult\l1"Ii
o~ ()
head nurse
6/
()
.a-& ()
brother
eae,
exactea.
tn.ly,
~","6
otheri8e
. ","
anymore
&
other
a1r,
indeed
1rd1a-
.&-&-
()
lt
1nd
11
to change
. ()
(~)
()
carrlage, cart
()
tra1n
()
av1ation
..
Aericm
"-& ()
Athena
, .
AJIIerican
"
Amer1ca
-&. ()
(adj.)
-&. ()
aWetlcs, sport
~ately
-& ()
hall, parlor
:~~o
lnnumerable
(~)
blood
.
306
22
doubt
1f
! :
although
a&
:
ci
16
to put
(~)
.....t.,
&K~oo()
(~6)
&:
()
.
:
()
()
need
p2'Cp0rt10n
(~)
ch1cken
81ply
n6
con",ment OK~
to 1eYe
to cl1Jllb up
contort
1e1aUl"8,
14
1nd1apeD8able
noo~
to
!.
aa~o
v81t1ng
deprt,
()
to . . . . .
oo~oa.
to
.&
16
recol1eC10n
25
a~
6"a (~6)
contort.ab1e,
1nd1ttent
8l1B18
:czn6
18
to grant
d:n6
palaee
1
&.
poatpone
23
orr7
18
18
17
to obta1n, aaqu1re
no~.a&
18
t.o
8307, bet1
' ()
" ( )
6~oo
a(;
16
to dec1de
.a (~)
nephen
.&/.ci ()
mece
tomght
.6/-
nephef
cipyci
1.te
.6
and niece8
(6)
!v-&no
c1(
(6)
huun
23
c1o.K~6
&..
()
~&.
()
be1ng, peop1.e
open
(6)
10
to ...01d
to l1ke
&.n& (~ci)
arthr1t18
.&6
nU8t:er
(6)
c1."
to the 1eft
c1K~&
sutt1c181to17, eOI1gb
lIIeet1ng
K~6
autt1c1ent, Hyval
6.
~(o
&~:/!a
25
1n
char~e
ale, bU8b8d, un
&./( (~6)
un6
ip.t1ent
!co
111
: ()
valU8
~ono.o (~6)
b8kery
to be vort.b
anc1ent
vorth
a.6~/-~~a ()
Mq1y
(;
11
.o:~o
..a~.6
(6)
8eeir:
8I'\IJ' ott1cer
()
beginnin~,
6 ()
leader
begin, start
('t6)
e1.r
-&.a ()
111ness
-&~ ()
&
ugly
-& (6)
depth
. ()
asplr1n
()
su1t.case
vh1 te
cotton (adj.)
d:'tvj-
policeman
6 .
autl\ority
't
't
pol1cean
()
. 1..
traff1c
porter
. (6)
pear
()
'tv
:-&6 ()
1nsurance, security
()
('t6)
16
sleeping car
18,
to put,
('t6 )
ahip
..
18
17
to torture
be bored
16
to take out
15
to go out
sure
insured
certainly
certainly
,- ()
pasol1ne
be w1 t.h
't ()
atD08phere
ind1. vidual
't'V ()
miatortue
..
22
to be
egg
. ( )
(6 )
book
1.0 ( v )
tomoITOV
av'tt ('t6)
ear
pertaining to
V't't{) (~6)
car
-& . ~ )
V't6
this, h8, it
-&
't~
unbel1~b1y
after, s1nce
( )
\.
19
6 .
()
&'tOo ( )
('t6)
('t6)
~I
\
6
()
17
h1.gt
soc1ety
308
('t6)
25
apr:l.cot
()
cour,h
hury
visa
()
atupid1ty
to
()
('t6)
('t6)
help, a1d
to place
asa18t, help
member
parl1ament
mount81n
('t6 )
butter
eveninp;
evening (adj.)
14
10
()
to be found
for
to f1nd
()
grandnother
rain
hy
d1rty
()
doctor
to
()
()
a1ter
1111lk
()
8\f8ta
France
()
:Janguage
()
op1n1n
France
()
11
to
rrenchan
()
becoe
()
()
15
brother-1n-la, gI'OOIII
I:nov,
to be
acqua1ntance
knon
( )
()
fact, event
( )
taste
h1, ROOd-by
()
t1e
()
ne1ghboIood
()
letter
tolaugh
( )
tull
! ()
berd
25
21
()
.,.
()
25
()
()
parents
() stanp
()
off1ce
12
to vr1te
fast
genera1ly
()
1ntluenza
pneroad:ty
()
to be bom
C ()
v1fe, olll8n
()
Geran
()
Gean
to f7,8t older
25
aca1ted
C ( )
to undress OD8sel!
recognize
()
old
healthy
tasty
()
farer
18
(adj.)
around
/ ( ) toe, f1nger
()
309
but, , then
to shOW',
diplay
.. ()
duration
..
n1neteen
f.
13
during
to lsst
.''. ()
fun
seventeen
.'WO'. ()
crossing
81gbteen
.'
tlf't.een
. ()
difference
tourteen
..6
dUferent
th1rteen
various
(6)
package
not
.3
(6)
intemat10nal
()
.-&.
to the right
(6)
slcin, leather
()
young lad;y
..
second
addt
that
()
ton
hall
6.
publlc
address
right,
la
()
pretext, jU8t11'1cation,
XCUS8
.'
()
~x
Monday
17
outlet, a1temative
(6)
()
advert1 se
to disagree
21
f/()
15
to s&y
(6)
.1ye!'
o~B ovn
to giTe
..
because
side-by-side
beslde
to read
next door
..() (6)
passport.
..
diplonatic
.3.
svailable
..6
.f ()
vacation
. ()
interruption
()
.6..
to interrupt
decorat-ed
. . (6)
intermission, break
()
17
..' ()
a:artment
3,0
O'W-
d1ploat1c
(a4j.)
corps
(..)
(6)
t.h1r8t.
be thirsty
to try, to
(6)
do.ar
t-ooth
s~ple,
taste
(,
wcrk, job
11
( ,)
LK
~1
REK
work
B.\SI:
COURSE
-&
national
()
k1nd
"
dramatic
..
twenty
dr.achma
to bo
()
road
..()
( )
coolness
/- ()
bus conductor
/- ()
8tren!!:th, power
' '
e1ther., or
strongly, louder
!rom
stron!!:
there
to
Lv
that (008)
di f!1cul ty , troub1e
-&.
d.i!!icult
( ()
church
(6)
accident, mds!ortune
elect10na
unfortWlately
()
tvele
17
: ()
roCIII
()
()
()
exh1b1t1on
( )
cho1ce
to 8Wl'8c1ate
besid8S, Ucept
()
t1cket
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( )
Greece
1!
"/()
G. .
:eselt
(/(
Geek woman
6: ()
week
()
()
rranddaughter
6 ()
grandchlldren
.6
()
grand80n
(/(
17
( ()
(
approve
cperation
25 to be operated
()
Greek (adj.)
()
12
1.0 ( )
Greek lan!!:U8re
hope
to hope
()
()
coerce
bussinessman
.
hello~ cOllle 1 .
(6)
here
. ()
interest
~ ~ntereat
custom
:../.
3"
8Qmeone
()
lVOCKLO(V)
~L
()
lIIean
rent
L6L() ()
incident, recurrence
lodger, tenant
eleven
L ()
passenger
1ntense
CL ()
1nf1uence
1JpBBo
L(
dangerous
cous1n (F)
furthemore
L
1';
()
()
cou8in
LL
excellent
3:
10
~,
~oo()
(6)
o~ {)
\t
11
furniture
bec8Use
L' L
bes1des
('L ()
V1s1t
anyvy
L'
depends
suddenly
furn1shed
25
p1ece
( )
complication
surely
L ( )
L ()
L 17
()
to
exanine
expla1n
L't"
12
11
()
V1sit
lIIoneyorder
LL!-
sk111
last, at
ay
()
six
expense
L ()
succeS8
countl'7 s1de
epoch, seon
8erve
to al101f
()
' L
18
to wrk
~\t\lO
1nt,elligent.
' ()
ork
uts1de
()
worlaan
abroad
~o ()
play, project
L6
exter10r
'L() ()
factory
to celebrate
tL ()
ru1ns
hoHday
~o.
to
fest1val
to repeat
l-
because
lLl-()
6()
o~
20
()
(6)
)12
11
coe
nex't., com1ng
(\
quest.ion
()
restaurant
rate
(J
()
()
Rf
interior, telephonb
extension
fa, ()
<: U RSE
S :
()
sugar
comperY
()
heat
tc ,et ready
hot,
ready
G:
~o
year
10
to l1ve
so,thus
()
1ife
25
()
.t
14
wa:
to look for
po1ite
()
responsibility
()
opportunity, chance
or
\J
easlly
already
\J
easy
-& ()
actor
European (adj.)
() ()
electr1city
European
o1d age
happ1nes8
;1 ()
8un
happy
/ {)
day
fartunate1y
L ()
hepatit1s
fert11e
()
quietnes8, peace
pleasure
vo
quiet
()
()
()
&
pleassnt
to thank
14
to
iM
.t ()
sea
.t
shel1fish
(&)
th1s year
.t
/- ()
nevspaper
-&
()
Sh1p owner
'
8:ince, because
.t
excellent
&&
seven
-&&
onderful
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-&
have
\1
()
until
vanath,
carort
VCD1er, miracle"
wonderj'ul
()
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()
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()
-&
8pectacle, viev
\;6 \
H,eat.er
to vant
-& ()
aubject, theme
()
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'
'nank
God
Span1sh (adj.)
()
Span1ard
()
h1story, story
.6 ( )
()
history
'
aybe
heatin~
' ()
It811an
-& ()
teaperature
L-&.'L ()
fish market
-&()
theraeter
-&.
-&.
-&.
25
1;0
()
()
()
place,
-&
be cured
()
to cons1der, g1ve
--& ()
aunt
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uncle
-&.
-&
hessalonild
14
23
seat
pos1t1n,
13
to clean
V1sa-&
clean
-&
every, e8Ch
-&
to
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rind
111ness
not .t
11,
far
fron
1t
recall
:-&
toNg
-& ()
professor, instructor
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a11 indov
-&. ()
professor
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doorman, jan1tor
-&
.t 811
-&
20
to
-&
17
.&.
17
-&.
()
IIit
( F)
don
delay
() ()
doctor' s
()
doctor
()
1dea
espec1ally
./ ()
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sIIIIe
' ()
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bad
1nstitutin
el1
to sat1sty
good morning
M881es
/-
r.ood night
stright
jod
Spanish voman
24
()
I.I1
()
of f1ce
-&
22
and
proprietor
to de1ay
etc.
..
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. ()
weather,
314
()
()
bad
tile
eath.r
evening
art1st
cxo. (~6)
8uer
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<v ()
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X!i~o.O'
(6)
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2S
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17
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tv
poor
xvov.c6'
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tv
a:6v
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(~6)
(6)
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24
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17
(~6)
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I'88
23
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c6
10
(6)
. (~6)
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to s81n.
20
21
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..
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to
x~anp&a.vO,
XOKxo~. (6)
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"
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~&~ (~6)
8tore., 8bop
13
12
to 81..p
10011:, 8. .
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,,5
22
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()
24
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to
(6)
&
(6)
()
(6)
10
()
(6)
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L (6)
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part)" (pol1t1cal)
p1ece
beaut:r
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(6)
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to be near
co14
ettcrt
co14 (adj)
ho
8hort
8hop
: (6)
near'.
p:1.lAr
8baM
' 6
h11.
6 ()
daughter
..6
(6)
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'. 24
to 118
()
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6 ()
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.() (6)
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'. 24
()
1ad;y. lI8da
6() (6)
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suma;r
()
COD'Y81"8at1n~
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Mr..
oC ()
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'
to look
Koo~p. (6)
du&bnut
t1recl
'.
18
()
180 't
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people
c08t8
talk
CO\I81e
()
o~o.
21
19
12
be t1recI.
barber
...
(6)
b1l
gentlan
15
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()
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-& ()
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to ba" ha1rcut
rece1"
to part1c1pate
d8t8k.
.6 ()
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people
8u1t
. (6)
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nonsense
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21
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.
(6)
to cut
ne's
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()
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316
6
19
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6.
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. (6)
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6( )
(6)
12
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8fl3, tw
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(6)
noon
(6)
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.. (6)
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6:.
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17
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f ()
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6.
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()
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don't
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( )
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(.6)
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f ()
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(, .
DlU88e18
()
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(,.
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(6)
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()
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f ()
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17
24
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88 IIOC 8
(6)
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(6)
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.
()
()
(6)
!
:
21
()
lc, 81.&l-
'6
()
()
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York
.8ter
neurot.io
()
SU88UIII.
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ustache
...
noJ
..
to enter
grocery
318
DB"7
(6)
island
12
to
24
24
1nd.
to be bother
to be rent.ed
to rent
to th1Dk
25
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vL(V) (~6)
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lS
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Jledic, nurse
6 ()
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to
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16
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28
22
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24
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Lv
23
25
22
L(V)
16
21
15
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L6: ()
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beaut.1fu1
to 1AG" down
to
BVELPO(V)
t.art, vi
hcrewr
dreu
(~6)
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stranger, guest
L ()
h1,
to br-pa88
~ , 1Ibere'e'
dry
as
by
lSL ()
appet1te
here
know
to
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1;0
sl1p
.rore't.
8pend
p1ece
21
(6)
botel
13
20
caU back
(6)
21
(6)
aga1n
to
18
vCL
18
cmr
13
1food
up
to
vk
to
8h8V8 meeU
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6:
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< (~6:)
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DO
' ()
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m1nus
()
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c1
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()
(adj.)
priest
()
grandfather
to order
to produce
19
6(6)
ice
-&
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-&6
d.octor (gern.prac1;.)
aa&()
, (
ped1atr1c1an
()
8 8hore
'
15
1;0 p1.ay
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to take
(6)
pack
-&6
(6)
17
(18
(6)
6KLo
()
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crean
weather
tor
exanp1.e
to del1ver.
20
(6)
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_aU
()
8
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18uxlersta:d
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. ()
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..()
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. (6)
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(6)
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beau1;1tul
6: ()
pre8en1;
Paros
()
(6)
, ()
aC1
25
()
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()
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't
c (6)
floor
(f
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12
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()
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duck
()
-&
up
c1-a
surren1er
or
-&6
-&
'80
()
()
17
potaw
(6)
pedetrian
mother-in-lav
tat.her-in-1av
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convince
to va1k
16
()
~er
().
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to be hungry
- ()
_tme
()
experience, pract.1oe
-- ()
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/-
to f1:r,
18
1;0
~~
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never
dDdJ
19
5
(6)
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tbror
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- ()
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'l'hur8d8,y
occp18d t.8
-Ko~o (-6)
nw h1ndreci b1U
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p1ate
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3 -
20
(or6)
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pre88UN
.~6
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1.6
atter
. . (-6)
a-t.H4
et
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12
..
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or
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-.
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(-6)
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1n art7
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CU8
c1t,y aquare
(1'J)
11
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22
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1JIr0JWltion
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to
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()
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.
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( )
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.6-
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6 .
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O~K~t ()
12
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blackboud
15
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....,.
& ()
81'IIICha1r
oK~o.K ()
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o~o.
to th1nk to
to
green
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house
uoo,
to lDUCb
6
()
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be!ore
6 6
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o~xo()
a IIICI1tb ago
(~6)
()
()
25
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1'8&1
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caltU1'e,
c1vil1zat1on
22
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6.
()
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dOllD
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6 ( " )
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:1n ad'Val1ce
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'
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pq 1n advance
(6)
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(6)
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()
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6() ()
()
a101oent1m
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o~
16
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()
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18
tooffer
()
l1v1J:1g ro
6() (6)
f'ace
'
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()
offer J proposal
tort;y
to~er
11
()
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1n J at, to
ox~
worn1ng
()
Sa1o~
16
110
1Ieans
hportan1o
(")
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prev1ua~,
~01) ()
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today
t1rs1o
cotporar
ner
SlCN~
hw
()
sta1l"e J ladd..
that
()
f1rst
f.
(6)
14
to th1nk, have 1n
rendez-vua
unaeeteecl
()
ta1lor
6 ()
s1a'98
()
pent-huae
hardJ
rets1na
to tbroIf
peach
role
()
12
6()
()
()
()
Ru8s1an
c:nan
13
to pl8n J 1n1oend
()
1nt8n101on, purpoee
20
100 k1U
100 neep
13
to
()
( )
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Ru8s1an
Ru8s1an
()
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100 ask
()
chautfer
()
/-6
(adj.)
dDd
()
sh1shkebb
W8s1oe
vas1oef'ul J ext.ravagan1o
() ()
atch
. ()
house,
(..)
18
to consult, to be
adv::Lsed
:I.Jportan
()
()
tad1_
...
()
stat1an
~&
aZ"
()
fellov student
accD1'ding
()
stat10n
.. ...
13
to stop
<1U&
8top
~;
()
adv::Lce
~6
.. .
contract
to stud;v'
&.( )
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.()
to
()
agoee
coUeague
to get used
..
()
C1'088
O'U&.
accustaned, used to
(..6)
p"ape
-&
usua~
12
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()
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t1\Ja.. aCY
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1n8tant
.. f
reg1stred
cn ()
muth
trequent13'
. ()
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cn-r. ()
so1d1er
()
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des1gn
almost
cn't6 ()
cn/-
.
(6)
()
()
to spread OI1t
()
()
pardon
/- ()
vr1ter
aK.. ~.
approval
13
()
C1U6
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10er
scbool
8cbool, t'aculty
(.. )
bod.y
17
be qu1et, sUence
-rf ()
tawm
81Dultanuos],y
so-and-so
excuse
()
()
(-r)
congratu1.at1ons
diSCUBSion,
conersatin
iKO()
to Erequent
beart attack
-r.
...
a c1ty)
()
to 1ntroduce
10
yster
C7't
sect1an
16
.. .
happens
()
.. ()
()
cash1er's oEfice
.. .
11
fig
()
(..6)
&. ()
travel
tr.1p
class, order
~ .
~x~x
()
~xoo()
(~6)
..
80 II1Uch, 80 ar;y
terrace
~6~
then
post of!ice
6~
the
1Je
()
mai1man
~-6:L-r
at
let
~u.W
12
naH
~ox~(o
c:n
the
8peed
~o(x ()
pertect
~o~6
toa1"1at1c
~Xo
23
to
()
~xx~Tx/-~
()
~"o
~"
13
1'in1sh
ccplet8Jy
~x
~u~
laat
~o (~6)
cc:ntr8
8rg
(6)
(-r6)
at.reetcar
1azy
~6:x
~"
f'our
~x"
T~ ()
Wedneeday
~xxx
~TX~O (
quarter
euch
block (C1t;)
~x
~~x6"x
~(x
()
art
~ ( ,,)
telegraph o1't1ce
6:~X
th1rty
~6:x {~6)
telegram
(~ ()
Tuetd.a,
~6
telephne (adj.)
~o6
terr1ble
telephne
~6o ()
anner
telephone
~ox (") {)
vbat
~ ()
hCtl1Or, pr1ce
~6 ( )
~o~x
~1ng, 8aneth1ng
~6:
) ( ~6 )
~To"o
~6:o ()
(~6).
~xo()
~o ( )
15
(~6)
(~6 )
noth1ng
~oo
(-r6)
()
aection
that
()
(~6)
()
(~6)
sall
tab1e
d:1ning
roa
table,dek
:ad, r,.
16
to run
tbree
tra1't1c
roU:Ing
(-r6 )
to eat
tea
~o/x~~o()
c1garette
( 6 )
all
~oo()
landBcape
~6o
80 (much)
acc1dentally
24
t,o happen
(~)
health
h1&b
h.J:th~
()
he1ght
(~)
hud.dit
eplyee
to ex:18t
24
()
uceed, aurpa8a
1;0
exceas, exageratlan
vL
t/() {)
tood.
obv1ou
() ()
drug ateJr..
( )
drug,
enree,
exceuive
14
()
.~c1ne
troub1.e, ooue
L ()
mocn
11
tobr1ng
to 1eave, depart
excellent
() (~)
ocen
-'.
\ ()
serv:Lce,
()
liner
()
19
to be tamous
&() {)
autuan
8ervant
at1ngy
~ ()
naid
"
hosp1table
\6
under
()
fr1end
""
ph11osophi ca1l3
'
under
aid
cns1derat10n
25
to ubdt, ugpet.
' L ()
cup
12
to 8ign
" 17
to be atra1d
'n6
patient
"
_tudent
\nt6v
Y1ce-eoMu1
& ()
t:be, OCC8_1n
() (~)
1nistry
(~)
an'
M1J11stry Foreign
tax
!
W (6)
Aftrs
()
()
\ ()
OV8n
_u1t
()
mUds~
()
:Drase
treah
15
obUge
cr
"
then, artervard8
\ 6
a (6)
cl.oth, mater1al
()
326
truit
t088t
(6)
10
15
eyebrow
arrive
10
use
useful
cheap
Chr1stian
poor
(")
Christmas
natural
chron1c
()
nature
call, SlJJ1JI!1On
next year
()
voice
()
fire
golden
()
p1cture, photo
()
color
()
coiffure
/ 24
tobe built
17
()
year
()
greetings
()
country, nation
be g1ad
f1eld
terrible, miserable
villager
vil1age
15
spoil, distroy
()
()
19
without
lose, miss
()
joy
-&
()
fishennan
/ ()
favor
( )
fish
()
butc11er shop
()
winter
()
surgeon
hand
()
mental institution
-&
yesterday
pshychiatrist
/ ()
thousand
-&
psychopath
() ()
kilneter
bread
()
()
()
18
11e
roasted, baked
()
soul
()
need
maney
()
()
hour
beautiful
Otolaringologist
'87
\: tJ. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTIN(; F'f.'J::.: : 1957 252-220 (228)
R V
GREEI(
BASIC COURSE
Volume 2
GREEK
BASIC COURSE
VolLIme 2
his
168
FORE1(;N
8""'RVC S7U7'''"'
Erlited by
AU(;U87'U5
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government PrinrIng OHice, Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price $1
ii
f' ,1 C
FS/ Greek Bosic Course, Volume 11, eon/inues /h" -'" and [ormat
{ Volrtm.e . rOlJ,nd8 uut thp prl~scntlion { the b08iC gr,mr {
:'W. Rrnl'r(-~z.
(~~Wl
r :
.,'I 8 R. {<'r:I, .
iii
TABLE
Urdt 2.'6
OF
CONTENTS
'B.1yi.ng things'
Response Drill
Narrat1 V
'
.... 332
333
P.ronouns L and :
335
Respol1.Be Ex.ercise
)3 6
Note 26.1
Un1t 27
Basic D:i.alogu.e
338
Narrati'V
.341
Response
..
111
342
27.1
343
27.2
343
27.3
Adjecti'Vs
in
......................................
344
.Adjecti'V'eS in
........................................
344
345
Adjecti :1n -
27.5
Response Exerc1se
'
Unit 28
............................................................... 345
.................................................................
Response Dril1 ..................................................................
Third decl. noun
...........................................
Note 28.1
Third Declension Nouns ............................................
Bas1c Dialogue
347
351
352
352
28.2.1
Notat1on
. . . . .
354
28.3
354
\11 th
355
356
358
Nouns
Response
Unit 29
'Basic
~erCise
IWeather Report
Dia1.ogtl
.......................................
1
360
Response Drill
Na~t1ve
11
362
.. 362
Not8 29.1
29.2
29.3
365
29.4
Idiomatic UBage
.................................
366
for Discussion
366
TOp:l.CB
Unit 30
'
Party"'
Bas1c D1.aloglle
RespOIlse Drill
Narrat1ve
'
..
ReSPOIlSe Drlll
'
371
11 11 11 1 1 . . . . . . . . . . .
~72
373
Irregular'
Note 30.1
3'68
11
11 11
adjectives in
.11
11 11.11.11 11 11
11 11
11 11 11.11
374
30.2
Katharevus8 superlat1ves
374
30.3
374
..............................................................
377
......................................
378
Grarmatical
Drills
Response Exercise
Re v i e v
(units 26 - 30)
Grarranatical D1"1ll
379
......................................................................
380
Narrative
Unit 31
Ba&1c
'm a Cafe'
383
3 88
388
D:l..minutives
388
"
~90
391
Dt-1ll. .
39!)
D1alogle
D1"ill
Note 31.1
Response
Eercise
IDriving'
Unit 32
IJas1c D:alog11e
Resp()Ilse
Note 32.1
32.2
Use ! ( ) in
clauses.......................................
396
Prepoaitions /
396
ResponBe Ex:ercise
396
Un1t 33
'Driving' (cont.)
Bas1c D:i.aJ.oge
397
Response Drill
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.3
Grarnnatical
Unit 34
the Harbor l
Bas1c :D:i.aloge
. 407
Dri II
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 411
Resporse
Note 34.,
Granmat1cal Dr111s
Response Exerc1se
Unit 35
................................................
..........................................................
412
413
Basic D:i.alog1le
. . . . . . . . . . . . 415
~erc1Be
Res})Ol1Se
Di.scuss1m
Top1.cs for
Gra:rrmatical
Re v 1 e w
421
421
Drill ................
422
(thits 31 - 35)
Narrative
Unit 36
Basic Di.alog'U.e
. .. . . . . . . . . . . . .
430
RespOI1Se Drill
. . . . . . . . .
433
Note 36.,
F'1ture
Perfect ...............
Gramma.t1cal Dril1B
Response Ex:erc1se
Un1t 37
433
433
..........................................................
435
Bas1c DialOg'U.e
. . . . . . .
437
Res'POIse
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
439
Unit 38
DriU
Basic Dialogtl..e
. . . . . . . .
L.4o
ResJ)01'lse Drill
. . . . . . . .
44,
vi
Unit 39
Bas1c
IIn
11 11 11
Dialoge
ReSpOIlSe Dr:tll
442
11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 1 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 1 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 1 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11
44.3
..
IGreek Islands l
Unit 40
Ba.s1c
11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11
11 11 11 11
D1aJ.oge
Respnse
11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 1
~Jarrat1ve
11
11
11
.........
Dr111
11
11
11
11
'
Response Dril1
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
.. .. .. ..
'..'-$.4
..
446
11
446
1 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 1 11 11 1 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11
448
"".~~.,.,
11
11
11
11
11
11
11 1 1 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11
11
..
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
..
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11 11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
R e v i e w (Units 35 - 40)
Gra.mmat1cal Dril1s
Narrative
Unit 41
Basic
11
11 11
11 11
11
11
449
11 11
:Ba.sic
Dialoge
1m
Basic
11 11
11
11
11
11 11
11
11 11
11
11
11 11
11
11
11
11
11 11
11
11
11
11
11
11 11
11 11
11
11
11
11 11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11 11
11 11
11 11 11
11
11
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .
. . . .
the Courtroom'
D1aJ.ogle
Grarrmat1cal
Unit 43
11 11
451
Grarrnnatical D1'il1.s
Unit 42
11
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
455
(cnt.)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dr:tlls
453;
( cont.
458
461
..............................................................
46~:
465
GI-arrmatical Dril1s
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
466
469
Unit 44
Polit1cal
Discuss1nl
Dialoge
. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
470
ResJ>OrlSe DI"i11
472
Basic
Unit 45
'
Political
13asic D::i.a.logu.e
Note 45.1
Discussinl
(cont.)
474
476
......................................................
477
....................................
478
45.2
Dat1ve case
45.3
Third decl.noun
vii
Top:Lcs for
Re v i e w
D:scussion
..............
(Units 41-45 )
481
GraI11l'l8.tical Drills
tTnit 46
478
'F:iJle
'
:Basic D:f..alog'U.e
....................................................
) ....................................................
485
Unit 47
487
Unit 48
489
Un1t 49
'F:iJle Arts
Unit 50
Narrative
Note 50.1
(cont.) ..................................................
.....................................................................
496
verb foI'!IJS
501
KatJarewsa
Ietter-numerals
katharvusa
................................
.................................
--
501
503
503
...........................................
503
......................................................
505
506
Response EJcercise
Glossa
491
viii
26
Unit 26
Basic D:i.alogu.e
(the) taxicab
~o, -,
~ree,
, L ~o;
independent, single
(bachelor)
~ree?
HrnB
(the) clothes
Take
rn
to
HrnB
street
clothes:
(the) dreBs
(the) skirt
(the) blouse
(the) vest
(the) pu110ver
(the) scar:f
(the) raincoat
(the)
(t11e) ~iance
pair
a vest, a pul1over, a
and a pair
o~
shoes
~or
scar~,
~or
a raincoat,
:fiance.
-,
islander
wel1
me,and
6 6
(the) jewel
, -, -
popu1ar
' L 6 -& \J
, -& , ,
6 "-
folk records.
(the) parliament
-&
, -&-
/()
, .
of Acropolis.
-&, 6
330
26
~, -, -
cathedral
6 ~6
(.)
1tIs where
many
.
, -,
made
-,-6
sof't
6 cc
'~, ;
uExovv
bey
6 .
nrnst go there
WindO~IS.
somm~here
()
C,
C ~
else
' .
crazy.
(o~)
331
: -
npw'rtX
that
~ ~, ~
~ 6 ~
', ~,
~.
feet.
()
(3)
to notice, to observe
! ! !
6, -,
ohI
-6
narrow, tight
to be frank .
, 6 ~ .
,
6~
Yes,
noticed it as
OhJ
on
as you stepped
what a footJ
thought
~ 6
6 ~ , 6 .
foot,which is narrow.
6, -,
bare-footed
, , J
~ o~ -- ~
'\1 , , .
6 6 ;
-- ~;
~ -- ~ ;
~ -- 'o~;
~ ;
~ 6 ;
E~ M6o~;
~ ooo~ Mo~;
332
26
' ;
;
~ , .
6;
;
~ ;
'6 ~
Narrative
(~)
to :1lIIag:ine
, -,
a ldnd
o~ (o~)
to add, to join
, -,
man' S shoes
crepe
natura1]y
, -,
particu1ar, specia1
()
shoe, sanda1
(,)
to wear, to put
, -, -
()
()
thought
(o~)
to devise, to invent
a 10t
(oo~)
to justify
argument
()
prove, to
he prove<i
333
demnstrate
joke
-,
of the soul
satisfaction
',
~wo .
~ ,
.
'
"
'
~o
o~o 6
6 ,
'
~ ~
'l;) ~o
~o
' npocrna~ouv
,
,
'.
~o
', '
;
' ~,
;
334
26
6 ;
;
o~o ;
Grammatical Notes
Note
26.1
, 6
, -,
'
'whatever', 'anything'.
Q~QlQ
whoever took
it~
...
~~21~ ~~
and
have to
have) appendicitis
to be operated')
', ~.
The word
-,
to
-,
-,
where i t is
the first
6.
'that, which'.
i6 indeclinable and does not indicate the gender ! the noun it refers to,
,-,-
sentence , ~ ~o ~
Greece).
pronoun
(The mother
or to
",
pronoW1.
wherea6 i f the
335
and is invariable.
() ()
()
(,)
()
to renew
(ox~)
()
~o ~~P,
(,)
to
w~tch
, -,
(, :~ol:!-o...
dress
, -,
, -, -
local
(~)
:'"
tru t.
x~
cr.i(~nce
:riendstIi;;
a ;
~ ';
a ;
'' , ~ ;
ox~
~ ,
336
11 ~~
l~
26
, oo~
~ ,
;
;
, ~ ~
x~ ~;
;
;
;
;
' ~~;
x~, ,
(, x~, , , ...)
;
p~ ;
337
Unit 27
-------
;
,
-,
Hotel, please?
-
next, followi:ng
15
Hello!
for
......................
6 ,
,
-,
-()
occupied
but
6,
thought
ar.y
vacancy
called laterbecause
',
-,
Olympic
(the) contest
' .
()
,
-,
-/-,
burning
(the) torch
possible
338
place1
torch
~ ~ ,
And then,
, ~
w}~t
Ilj
27
(the) profession
1Je '11 o~
~ ,
of our profession--
(the) archeologist
, , ~o-
'
Hernis
as much as we
can,
'
(the) pediment
Zeus
Centaurus
()
(the) sculpture
',
, ,
and
.........................
Part
! .
Oh, yes.
, -~,
double
(the) side
be
____:~~_~~~~~i_wv.
* See
Note 28.3
339
(the)midnight
Virg:in Mary
15
day
the
Virg1n Mary.
(the) ferry-boat
the day
n1ght.
Olympia
'
~o
'.
.
()
to be late
outs1de-door, street-door
,
,
(3)
-,
unlocked
chamber maid,
-,
()
(3)
night duty
6 6
30
that we won't
m.ch
.................
()
hank
340
rrry
nare
right away.
(xo~)
to be busy, occupied
, -,
busy
(the) excavation
-/-,
southern
work in southern
, -,
',
'
excavation
Ita~,
~ -
required, necessary
()
January
'
Ju1y
C5
February
August
March
September
'
April
'
May
November
June
December
27
'
October
Narrative
thanks to
po~
effort,
baron
performance, execution
()
to be interrupted
, -,
endea"Vr
Byzantine
~oo /-
emperor
(the F1rst)
visitor
()
globe
341
~o,
-,
human
to
obsere,
to follow
beginning
appearance
runner
()
to carry, to transfer
flame
(~)
to be taken, to be received
()
to symbolize
~o,
-,
:immortal
youth,
(~)
gereration
to compete
track, race-course
ideal
1896, o~ Pierre de
' ,
Coubertin,
K~ ,
.
'
, oo~o .
'.
~~~~~~~_p::~!!
1896;
' ;
K~ : ;
~~ *
~ .
noble
UNIT 27
~ ;
' ;
;
;
6;
Grammatical Notes
1!~~~_~~! Verb: SUbjW1ctive: Use ! Continuous Past Ion:s in
' ~ ~
And then
sentences.
like to Imow
with the Continuous Past may be used instead ! with the SubjW1ctive to express
wish
cou1d
~ .
wish
~~~_~1~~.
that play.
Verb: 'if'-sentences.
" , ' .
1! we1re very late you can leave the back streetdoor unlocked
(11 would find a11 rooms occupied'}
if ca11ed later" "
the 'if I -clause is either the perfective stem form or future, e.g.
" (~~ i) ,
1! you
~ .
Other corobinations
possible, e.g.
" (or ~ ) -
~ ~ .
" , ~ .
" 6 ~o.
+ Cont~past)
in the Iif.Lclause
'6 ~
can mean
either 1' you went to New York, would go with you' (indefinite condition) or '! you had
would have gone with you', (hypothetical condition) depending on the
other examples:
x~,
6 .
or
6 , .
could.
or
~~~~_~7~~
Adjective: Adjectives in -
flat foot
Adjectives ending in _
in
- e.g.
Sing.
.
G.
()
()
F.
()
Pl.
()
()
G.
()
()
()
()
Adjectives in -
give the key to the night clerk
~ 6 6 6
344
adjectives in
UNIT 27
hB
katharevusa~
adjecti
will be discussed
in later units.
heir
kathomi1meni)
is as
fol1ws:
~~~.
F.
()
G.
G.
'interesting'
~!.
~~~~_~I:.~
Adjective: Adjectives in -
in katharevusa
e.g.
,-,-
interesting
category
comparison
compared to
()
to describe
contest
hymn,
( v).
national anthem
''Av
vL
/ ~
vL
;
~;
34S
;
!
;
a ..'J , ..'J '
~'
~"
'
L ;
' ;
' ;
" , &
L, , ;
6 ..'J
' ;
346
28
Unit 28
Basic Dialogue
Part
'
the hote1'
(the) element
&
6-.
(the) identity
' 6 6
"
to object
6 6
checks?
6
ry
traveler s
(the) Custamhouse
6 6 6
Because at the
where
6 6
(the) amount,
,-,-
taxab1e, dutiab1e
6,-,-
who1e, entire
(and)
x~
6 .
money for
a11 sorts
troub1e.
What are you talking about, Sir!
347
ry
Bun
Custnhouse
1t l s an
( .
o~
service to you.
(the) ground-f1oor, 1eve1
6 6~o()
6 (/)
6 , -, -6
cODllercia1
-&
di.rector, nana;er
6 6
( / -
Bank
( -&
customer.
()
to cash
()
/ 6
his
, -, -
indiscreet
6 (-&
( -& -
6 (-&6 (
6.
multi-mi1lionaire
-&/-&
he was busy
(the) tomb
Pharaoh
-& ( -
6 ( , -
-& (
excavated ('wasbusywithexcavationsl)
348
who
UNIT 28
' ,
Part
(the) relative
(the) chemistry
~o ,
professor
prize.
Charge dIAffaires
(the) secretary
the French
'
morning; breakfast
&
(the) luck
o~ (o~~) (3)
to adopt
~ (~)
to d1e
(the) heir
' '.
o~~ ~o
, ~ &
,-/-,-
be ad.opted by
celebrated, famous
349
l1\
He's a150
and 1earned
our times.
(the) sleep
(~)
to suffer, to be exhaustea.
' ~.
But enough
to go to bed.
the trip.
.
, -,
photographic
(the) machine,
(the) flower
, ~
Bell
by
('litt1e
) J
take those
to room 23.
23;
b1ue
(the) jacket
(the) tuxedo
~
.
my
tuxedo.
6 ~
()
to iron, to press
~ ~o
~o
;
()
, -0:,
to shine, to polish
dark
And
want you
to
1m wearing.
()
to serve
(the) meal
6;
restaurant~
;J 6 6
6 ;
Can
you
bring
6 ~o
Glad1y J sir.
Response Dr111
6 6 ;
6 6 ;
';
/ '6 ;
';
6 ~o
' o~ J ~;
6 6 ;
~ ' ;
x~*o ;
~ 6 ;
~o ;
*
,
(x~~)
'to
continued l
28
6 ;
~ 6 ;
;
Grammatica1 Notes
Note 28.1 Nom: Third dec1ension om 6 .
This 3rd dec1ension noun is dec1ined as fo11ows:
~~~.
1.
----
G.
Dec1ension
!
nOUI1B"
frn
frn
the
hird
his
stem is the
genitive case minus its ending (- or - ,sometimes - or -). Al1 other cases are
formed by affixing case endings (ii' any) to this stem.
There are
~~.
.
I'l.
'6 '
~~.
G.
.
I'l.
3$2
nuneroUB.
3rd Dec1ension
uns
(~~~_!.~!.!. )
~~.
.
G.
.
Pl.
G.
-&'~
Sg.
-&~
-&-
-&
-&~
-&~
G.
.
~ ~6 (Transferred in 'dh:iIn.ot1ld. I
-&
~~.
Pl.
~
~~6
~~6-o
~~o
~~6
~~6
G.
.
,).
~~6').
~~6
,).
Pl.
-&-~
Pl.
~~.
.
,) .
28
(!!~~~_!.:!.~ )
~~.
o~
G.
.
~~.
~.
o~
G.
.
).
Pl.
353
).
' '
Pl.
.
G.
(~~!~-~!~!.)
' '
Pl.
~~.
G.
'
~~.
1.
G.
6-
~~.
G.
Hote
28.2.1
Notation.
29
Third
someti1res
(future), but
-- may
-.
number
and
mascu1ine
Iorn
in
their p1ura1
-,
means
by
-,
-,
and
ferninine
in
-,
~~E!~~
P1ura1
'fi8herman'
'coffee'
'grandfather
'coffee-house keeper'
grandother
'hors d'oeuvre'
'fox'
'I18~'
It shou1d be noted:
,)
that most
2)
3)
these
are 10anwords,
(sometirnes a1so
-,
etc.)
(.-
'baker'
'greengrocer
'01d-c1othes- rnan'
'haberdasher'
'butcher'
'grocer l
'porter l
o~
'shoe maker
'garbage co11ector'
'owner
'n:1.11er'
'priest'
a tavern'
28
made
these
~~~=.
~~!!:~~=.
Masc.
Fem.
-Vs
-V
-VOes
G.
-V
-Vs
-VOon
,
-v
-v
-VOes
~E~~~:
~~f'
Plur.
o~
G.
~~~~~~-~~~~~~~
Usufu1 words
, o~
poet
o~,
muaic1an
.
.
civil engineer
agriculturist
any
adm1ral
general
A.F. general
colnel
()
6)
to inherit
nEp~ouoCa
'
Egypt
aphinx
pyramid
()
to declare
perfume
fur
356
UNIT 28
style
, -/-, -
official
reception,
-&/
etiquette
protocol
white
black
-,
, -, -
-&,
-,
-&,--
-/,-,-
red
azure,
pink
purple
-,
-u
part;y
sky
blue
orange
light green
pure white
pure black
pure red
gray
pure yellow
-& , , , ...;
, , ;
'
-& ;
o-&~ ;
;
' ';
3$7
'' , ;
, 6
;
~o ; (,
, , ...).
' 6 6
'
? ~
,
(~o/,
);
---------------------
to compare
6,
-,
Asiatic
-6
"
let's
fluent1y
o~ (o~)
while
~oox
reception, welcome
fomal1ty
Stay;
' 6 6 6
( 6 ,
, 2-3 , ...).
' '6
C 6 .
358
28
' ~o
, ~ ,
' ~o .
.-
******
" o~o
'~o
~oo,
' ,
~,
":
~ ~ao
359
Unit 29
Part
'Weather Report'
--------------
( -)
(the; masteIt'iece
~-& -&
~o;
Why
yesterday~
masterp1ece
(the) doubt
(the) year
, ~
There s
best parties
the
the year.
-& -&,
~-&.
make it.
( ox~)
~ ~'O ox~-
(the) obl1gation
As
'.
()
to
electrical engineer
-/( )
(the) interpreter
(the) cement
Chalkis
'
- -
accompary
360
UNIT 29
(the) contact
;. -. -
special. special1st
! -.
complicated.
where
factory.
/ - / ( )
'
'-&. -
( )
o~ ;
" .
rlhat storm?
. -.
-()
useless}l
meteorological
(the) report, bulletin
(.)
. -.
(.)
.
Cne
cloudy
,
-.
-6()
upon, over
fil'm, fixed
. -. - ( )
sporadic .. scattered
6 : ' -
&* l.-
scattered showers
'with'(K.)
, -,
Apri1 (adj.)
one
(here)
But
o~ .
, ;
Certain1y.
& ~*;
;
~ ;
~;
;
;
L
~ ;
!:!~I..?j;i~
ff~QQQ~Q~_fQ~
, -,
next, corning
24/
'
at first
,
,
-,
-,
higher, superior
falling
(.)
in
north
~_~__~~5
~Qy~h
___________
*
~,
-,
yesterday (adj.)
362
29
east
west
, -,
, -,
north~estern
northern
, -,
afternoon (adj.)
in detail
, -,
eastern
oo~o, -,
north-eastern
genera1]y
( )/
cloud
fog
p1a1n
//
early
!/ !
,
morning
()
-,
Saronikos (bay)
c10udy
wind
()/
()/ (1)
, -,
, -,
variab1e, changeab1e
, -,
,
,
to b10w
-,
western
-/, -,
-,
even1ng (adj.)
strengthened, fortif1ed
moderate, fair
high sea
Ionian Sea
,
,
-,
-,
rough, agitated
-/-,
remaining, 1eft
-
still, quiet
'
-,
Attica
-
oo~~,
-,
south-eastern
south-western
Euboea
( -8-)
to fluctuate
-8-
degree
-
-,
-,
b1ggest, largest
m:1nimur,
-8- ,
,
' .
-8- -8-
-8-
-8-
-8-, .a- -8-~
20
-8-
-8-
-8-
.-
Note:
'Ihe above vreather Bureau Report is written in katharevusa e:xact]y as 1t would appear
in a Greek newspaper.
Words in
. 1
spoken Greek.
atharevusa
participial
fors
appear
vocabulary 1tems.
364
'Ihe
foration !
these
Grammatical Notes
!!~~~_~2:.1. Nun: Third dec1ension masculine nouns in - (~
this group
! oUS
1n dhimotild)
his interpreter
1s:
1.
G.
comp1ete set
in katharevusa.
G.
~~~:.
1.
G.
!!~~~_:;2:.~
6 XK~~~
The factory
6 K~~
because
Challds
the storm
feminine
ous
in -.
29
~~.
G.
~~!~~
~~~~.
G.
.
Pl.
this group
see
Note 14.1.2
Useful Words
beach, seashore
6 -&'' '
water-ski
sw.imming, bathing
'
rowing
(small) boat
-&'',
'
'6,
6 '
-,
( ')
-,
-6
( '
forest
L,
-,
O(V)
inland (adj.)
-&
stoI'Il!
LVL
Bnol
sky
'
star
lightning
thunderbolt
ful1
1t l s
laI'Il!
1t ls cold
itls cool
vL
vL
vL
EiVaL narWVLtx
29
itls freezing
itls
lindy
i t s raining
LvL
it IS
snoling
'L L -& L
, ~ L LL.
' L -& -&.
LL
rLI LV .
'L L L.
rLti.
6 -&
rECOU.
**********
L
Lv
EiVaL L vL ,
L,
L v6L.
L,
LL
6 ~ L L
Xp6VLa.
rLI 6 L Lv
VL
vL
.-
Part
'
Party'
,6
(the) journalist
exactly
a newspaper.
/ (o~)
to be given
(.)
was given
(the) vil1a
6 ( )
Ekali
'
, , 6~*
'.
()
6, -,
-6
charming, fascinating
6.
~o, -,
blootning
/-
(the) almond-tree
fragrant
aong,
'
6
oo~
(oo~)
, -,
the garden
bloming
30
between
the vi11a, under beautiful
fragrant flowers,
(3)
many-colored
(the) table-cloth
,-,-0/6
Japanese
6 /
oo~
Japanese lanterns;
11
kinds
(the) middle
(the) fountain
6, -,
small tables
~ ( ~)
(the) composition
(the) composer
~ ,
6 ~
~.
modern
the garden,
orchestra
classical and
cmposers.
ow6 ( )
()
to ca11, invite
(2)
-,
invited
'6
(the) Sl-liss
'
(the)
(the) sculptor
(the) Swede
/-
( )
(the) ambassador
Swiss woman
~ .. . &
, ...
etc.
(the) compatriot
( )
(the) prince
(the) princess
(the) aide-de-camp
( )J -
(the) king
(the)
quen
, -
the Princess
!
the
ing,
"
'
(the) education
(the) defense
'&
',
'
' '&
the Minister
!
Coordination
Nationa.l Defense.
(the) uniirm
()
to serve
-,
K~
30
(the) cellar
K~ ~
( K~ K~
( .
K~
'
ox~
(the) worry
Ko~~( )
(the) relief
~ ~ ( K~
( ~ ~o, o~
spirits and
ox~ ~ ~K
x(~ ( Ko~~,
, -,
o~
~ (
( o~ (
.-
misfortune')
( o~ ~ ~~ ;
~ ~;
~ OL ;
oo~~ ~o K~ ~ ;
~ *
~K
( ~o
o~K
~;
o~oc ~ Ko~
K~;
, -, -
' ;
'covered'
371
~ ;
' ;
;
~ ;
, ~
;
Narrative
, -,
neighboring
name of a
inscription, sign
, -,
, -,
deceitful, deceptive
origin, descent, extraction
~,-,-
deep
( )
knwledge,
( )
tradition; surrerxl.er
mentality
expert
adorer, worsh1pper
literature
( )
poetry
()
to recite
poetry line
o~ (o~)
to
'
Hner
Kavafis
Seferis
erudition
menorize,
in Athens
surprising
, -,
neighborhoi
verse; turn
( )
pon
contents
teclmique
372
learn by heart
-,
30
intellectual
old-t1mer
-,
rare
o~ ~ ~
~,
,
o~ ~ ,
~ , ~o '.
~~,
, ; ~ ', ~ 6
~ ~
7 ,
'
~ ,
, o~ ' .
, ~ ~
~ ~
EX\J,
6 .-
~~!!~~~-~!~
~ ;
~ ;
7 "
373
, o~ '
;
Grammat1cal Notes
Note 30.1 Adjective: 'Irregular
'
adjectives in -
The adjective
'fragrant' belongs to a
snall
group
adjectives 1n -
- ,e.g.
.
~c;.!:~_~2:.~
~ ,
~ ~
As stated
the middle
an
cornon1y
, , 1s example !
Here are
other such verbs which have occurred since then in our uni ts:
Cla.ss
Verbs
Past tenses
-----------
Present
Continuous
to doubt
to disappoint
to prove
to grant
to reveal
to enjoy
o.J.
to recite
.J.
*
*
*
.J.
to decide
to avoid
to separate
to return
to a110w
to advertise
to carry
to translate
/-
to deliver
/-
to describe
-&
to add
-&
-&
to of.fer
to surpass
to submit
to sign
30
*
*
to depart
to obtain
to last
-&
to observe
-&
to notice
to provoke
on-&
to try
'lb.e verb
-&
*
*
-& *
on-&o
Present
Continuous
and
diss11abic
(or sometimes
Vr-)
375
.!!:ie.!
prefi:ed
to the
to
trans1ate' ,
'to describe'
ContinuoUB Past
1.
~~.
~~.
1.
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
'Q\!~
--
'QUt.
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
'Q:!
--
but
--
--
--
Verbs with asterisks may be used in the past tenses either with augments (,more onal
speech) or wit,hout
As can be
then,
arxl.
hus,
-&, etc.)
The Simp1e Past ! the Class (M1dd1e/Passive) verbs fonned by ! the suffix
--
(Note
~~E!~_~~~~
Verb
--------
-&
~!~~!~
persona1 erxl.ings,
Other verb prefixes (and their different fonns in various phonetic environments) 1oIi11 be
discussed in detail in the Notes
Volume
gr&ar.
UN1T 30
Grammatical Drills
Transformation Drill
Change the
11derined.
~~~!~~~~Q~Y K~6o .
~~~~2~~~ ~~21Qn!~Q~~~~ .
8 6 ~~2f1~2~~~ .
, ~ ~~Q~~~2~Y .
~~2~~~~~~2Qy .
~~2~~~~~Y2~Y 6 6 !.
~~2~!n~~~Q~~~ 6 6 .
~~Q~~~!~~!5 K~ 6 6 .
~2~1f!~ ~~Q~~Q12~Y ;
~~2~e~2!~! .
f~!~!ef~2~~~ 6 6
15 6.
~~!!ef~~ 6 .
~!~~~12~Y 6 ~o
'&.
~~!~~~e~!f ~ .
~ ~f!~~e~~ 6 ~o .
8 ~~e~~~2~Y .
~fe~1e~~~ ~~2e~ 6 6 .
~e2~~~~f!f 6 !2Q.
~eQ~~fe2~~f 6.
6 .
~~2~~~2~Y .
~~21e~~5 6 6 ~o.
~ ~~~e~2~ 6 .
~~Q~!Q]5 6 ~~~f!5.
6 6 ~o ~ ~!~e~~~ ~.
6 ~~e~~2~2~~ff.
~~e~!ne~ ~e2~fXf!5.
6 ~e2~~~~f .
~e2~~~~ ~ .
377
, -,
sur.romd:ings,
-6
env1roI1Ment
world1y, Bocial
( )
concentration, gathering
6 ( ~o)
question, issue
~o, -,
drunk
, -, -
important, signi1'icant
, ;
' , ,
~ ,
;
~ ' , , ..
,
, , ~ , ...;
, ' ;
' ~o;
,
;
, , ;
378
REVIEW 26-30
REVIEW
(Un:1.ts
26 - 30)
Rev1ew Dr111
f0wing
change the direct object ! the sente~e (if 8r.\Y) 1nto the subject ! the new sentence.
.~ j_~~~~_~~: . .
. ~~~~l~_~~E .
K~ ~~_~~~~~~ . . ..
~~~~~9Y_~ . .
1lfl'~~1~_ ~..
. f~y_~~~g_~ . .
,
O ~~'.
''
~
~_~~
__
f '
~
..
~ ~~~~9~J.
.~
K~
/ .._~Ii~l'~~~_ .
~~~~}_~~9~!Lq~ K~ .
~~g~~~~1~_
' .
. . ~~_~x~~~~ L .
~~!_~~~E~~
'&. L.
~~~~~=J_~~~~~_~~: .
E_~I~SEJ . ~. .
1lP9_~~~gg_~~ .
~~_~~g~_~~ ' . .~
K~.o
g_~~~e~_~~ ..
~1~JVQYY_ .
~ ~ ~~JtqQYY
~ g,y_~QiqQ~1
. ~~_~~~_qf
..
13.P-~~~B~~f .
. 6 ~~~~~:~~~~ .. 1960.
. . ~ ~~e~g_~~~ . .
x~ocpo ~ oJl2~q~.LL ~.
379
' J_~~~~ ~.
l_:~~~~~ .
~ !~~2_~~!fu!-~~~ ' .
gjQ~~E_~ .
Narrative
, -, -
archaeologica1
, -,
mediterranean
Mediterranean Sea
~o6
enthusiasm
sea shore
~, -
native
, -,
friendJ.y
( )
manifestation, expression
( )
aston1shment, surprise
()
to
()
to
descern, to
, -,
cne
dcnm
Egyptian
camel
admiration
()
to
( )
height
, -, -
gecnetrical
conversation
, -, -
amusing
reward,
~ (~)
to
recoropene,
admire
hierogJ.ypha
~sticism
hospitality
a()
Mour
salaIY
REVIEW 26 - 30
Egyptian
()
to
(/-)
to charm
, -, -
historica1
we1cme
~ ~
, A~o.
~ 6, ~
, ~
~,
, ...,
~ , ~
, l, ~ .
~o ~ ,
'
~ -
~ l
, ", .
'
~ l~
~~
~.
' ,
f -
,
, ~ ~
.
L~
, '
fo
~ , '
, ,
~
' ~ ~o , ,
381
-&, L, L, ' L ,
, L ... -& L
L.
L -&-& LL ,
L -& L L -&
6 6, L -&L L
L L L ,
L-&
L ,
L6L 6
6 L-& -& L
'
6 L yLa L , ~ -&L.
-& -&-&
yLa
6 -&
L ~ 6 L L.
6 6 -& L~
yLa
LL
.
-&,
L L
L
LL
L L L LL.
-&
L6.
'
L L L~ '
~
6 .
L LL6 .
6 L L-& L
-& , , ,
,
L L.
LL6 , L L
L L
L L
yLa
L .-
382
'
3'
~'
() <jt *
a retired colonel
()
L L
-)
'
~ '~
' LL
--
One
~L
K~)
L L LL
L,
( )
(the) page
stereotyped
-,
K~ ,
LL L L:
phrase
'L,
L v
stereo~~ed
!
their letter:
(the) housekeeper
LL
()
to take care
~ ,
L ,
* ; in retirement(army)
(f.)
6 L,
housekeeper
! yo~1
6, -,
' 6 L.
absolute
KL
you SnBWer
And
hw
do
then~
6 L
(the) h;ymn
6 'L L
K~
nIPLO:
6 LL
''
story.
()
(1)
to trest
, -L, -
heavy, strong
6, -LI,
-6
6 ,
80
Bno
can go
~, ~ ,
~, nL~ 6
6 ,
coffee,
()
(1)
to discuss
LL
(the) polit1cs
6 L/L
(the) backgammon
a killd
eard game
~ LL
~ 6 L
8XL.
(the) age
~~
6L,
Certain1y not.
..,
)84
31
-,
sus)
(the) olive
(the) octapus
,_
with
uzo and
()
alamata
to solve
,
~ .
and intern.ationa1.
11
prob1ems domestic
( )
(the) solution
everything
- t
~ ,
(
-,
-,
uzo you
(
,
(the) government
-)
(the) IX>liticalopposition
democratic, republican
-()
extreme
(the ) increase
(the) employer
Russia
China
(the) astronaut
For
increase
385
6, , ,
, ...
-------
Part
6,
-,
-6
' 6 .
You are
right.
, , ' -
6.
o~o (o~j-~)
6 o~.
.
to be spoiled, adulterated
"A,~
They are
hY
have changed.
Tourists and
wnen
go
(the) parfait
~ , ,
L .
L (~)
6 L
(the) canomile
quiet]y
~v ~ 6
Hw
L L~
newspaper quiet:ly?
oc
there~
L (L)
to empty
ywvCajYWVLa
386
UNIT 31
' ~ ;
trying
to say:
fellow?
~ ~
your place,
6.
(, gi
interest
to the atmosphere')1
(the) youth
"
6 .
Your t:!lne
thenselves.
past'.
"
'
60
-,
In a
ay
more.
(the) science
-(}
(.)
ho]y, saint
( )
(the) mountain
6 ' '()
, 6
everywhere.
science;
6 "
They've
gotten in
they might
go to Mount Athosl
'.
6 6
6 6
.
6.
()
(1)
to degenerate (1nto), to be
reduced to, to go
far
L ;
L~
you?
What 1s 1eft
'
, L , ~~ '~~
';
, K~
;
;
L ;
L
;
~ ,
2-3
o~o;
, ', ;
Grammatica1 Notes
~~~_~!.:.!
-,
and _ 0'1:.
and -
The following
"
1s -
e.g.
, ,
, , , , etc.
Greek has a number ' diminutive suffixes which denote diminutiveness 1 s1ze and/or
the affectionate attitude
the speaker.
' pl:;rs1ca1
The diminutive noun suffiXes are divided into three groups 8ccording to the gender
the noun.
31
_ ,
neuter noun
John
L6
Nick, etc.
'11ttle man'
Johnz:\y
Nickolas L
e.g. -&
is
L6
is
e.g. (
little corner
li t tle chair
e.g. (
11ttle Helen
e.g.
little sister
The diminuti of
LL6:
little heart
i8
etc.
U8ed
- , -, -L
e.g. L, L, LL
- L, -/-L, -
'11ttle one'
-,
-6
e.g. 6, , 6
'plump'
LL, -,
-()
, -,
industrial
-()
trad.itional
L L L;
L L, L L
L L LL L;
L L LL L ;
L ' ' L;
L L L L L;
L L ~ L ~ L ;
L L
' L LL ;
L L LL LL ~ L L ;
L , L L L L
L L L;
L L L;
L LL L ~ x~ L
L ;
L ;
, L;
390
Part
32
'Driving'
'
Ep1daurus
'
Antigone
'
'
Epidaurus to
~.
I've never
Ant1gone
but
[smehow]
nade it.
(o~)
Germa~
have
'
' '.
was th:Wking:
'
() (3)
to realize, to
(the) w1sh
~oo, -, -
enthusiastic
oo~ ~
accanpl1sh,
cane
come
true
, ~
~oo.
~oo, -, -
ver,y enthusiastic
~~
indeed
391
K~oo, ~.
driver's license7
recent]y
''
thia capital
car mean
'
'N'W
in the rear
'Win:iow !
your
driver '7
';
(the) ace
, -,
innate
(the) talent
, , ,
, .
'
fr1end,
have an
' ,
, , '
As you know
' .
Germany.
'.
~ .
"'
K~ .
1m
wanted. to know.
simp]y
., .. ..
meani
L, -,
L ( )
private, personsl
(the) use
'
(the)
.. , ..
~ ..
rnis sion
use,
..
)2
()
()
to turn
6 6
have to
need.
Part
()
to
(the) brake
, ,
.
()/
to
(the)
(the) battery
, 6
Is
, 6
lot
is weak.
, .
consume
Yes , sir.
393
o~
..
, -, -
(the)soi1,dirt,earth,ground,1and
, ,
it is a dirt road.
()
(the) to
Do you (Isomeone )
various gates7
(the) workshop
( )
~the) 1ubrication
don1t know.
Wou1d you
~ -
mechanic
1t.
to park
(the) truck
394
32
6, -, -
irom.emorial
()
to belong
(the) industrialist
6 , , 6
Ages ago
knw
6 .
German industria11st.
-- (--)
to offend,to Wound
mean"'hile
6, -,
6, -,
-6
old
one's
feel1ngs
affirmative
-6
negative
( )
aIlBWer, rep1y
6 ;
6 ;
6 ;
'
-- --~ ;
-- 6 ;
6 6 6 6 --~;
~;
K~
6 ;
, ;
-- '6 ;
395
llOLX , L , L;
L , ~ LL
L ;
Grammatical Notes
One
Greece
( not
~~!~_~~:.~ Preposition:
This preposition is
stay in
to want to leave )
e.g.
...
before COnBOnants am
before vowels;
but
L (L)
to di.ffer,
meaning
~.
be different
~ L i L;
, , L
nOL6v
llOLX L L L
L rLX
L ~o
~~o;
'
L;
L L L ~ L;
L L ~ L~ ;
llOLOL
Tennesy Williams;
396
L;
.3.3
'Driving' (cont.)
Part
"
mtil,
60, -,
6 ,
unforseen, unexpected
til1
mtil
trip to
the
Germav,
('unforseen [things]').
60.
,
-()
legal
(the) adviser
wo
representative
-,
6wo
and representative
our
CompaV.
(the) return
6 ( )
Yougoslavia
()
(1)
to bypass
, -, -
, 6,
vertiginous
Then, trip back, when Was crossing
, -
60-,
'& 6
speed t
.397
()
hardly do so-and-so
~, -, -
unusual,
6 6{)
judging by appearance
()
to enjoy
peculiar
(the) crown
~ ,
character
.~! th
.
,
-,
'! ',K~K
.
'
and
nut J
thought J
[to it].
(the) intersect10n
/- ( )
(the) sign
~o ( K~o)
guiding, conducting
, -, -
abbreviated, shortened
, , ~ K~o
short cut,
, -,
hilly
(the)
iron;
UN1T 33
L ~K
~ -
('iro~ of fate')J
()
(the) precipice
(the) bridge
o~
(the) river
~K, -, -
impetuous
( )
~ oo~o
His car
"8S
roaring stream
o~ ~K .
'
at first
, -,
KL 6,
motionlesB
evident~J c1ear~,
'-&~ ( -& )
( )
' ~
' ,
middle
sudd~
(the) second
Ko~
(-&)
(strong) crash,
~K
~K
apparent1y
~~
~ -&~
-6'
(the)trouble,disorderJagitation
a11
~K
a sudden in a matter
seconds, he
399
' ~ .
a$ked me whether
~~E~5
~;
-,
ecstatic. enraptured
-&
near
-,
' -&
police (adj.)
remained flabbergasted ~ h1s nonchalance
-& -&
police stat10n.
'
-&
absolutely
But he didn't want that under a.n;y circum-
happened at a11.
(the) motorcycle
, ,
comig
the wrong
, -
~ -&
he was going;
-&( -&)
(the) direction
(the) dead
o~
-&
400
33
' '.
( )
(the) result
, -
-&~ .
the motorcycle?
(-&)
to disappear
, -,
vanished
()
~ .
' .
He vanished.
-&.
",
We searched everywhere[but]
(the) cO!1Bequence
(the) exit
-&, -,
improbable
" -&
Maybe
he was afraid
-&
, -&,
(the) construct1on,manufacture
, -/-, -()
impassable
(the) earth
()
to swallow
**
Lw (Lw)
(1)
to huah
(the) apy
LL (L~)
(the) police
, L ~ L
6 .
' ~
~ L-
x~~ .
L6
1nv1ved
, -,
L, -,
L6 .
excit1ng, captivat1ng
L L
L.
'~~~~Q~
LL, -,
-6
excit1ng
L, -, -
endless
LL (L~)
to re1ate, to te11
7 6
You're te1ling
LL , L
that
'd
me~
Ful1
excit1ng events
L ~ L L~.
L( )
(the) performance
L L
But
L L~ ~-
'
L.-
402
~ &
UNIT 33
;
;
;
~ ;
;
~ '
, ;
o~
x~
o~~;
;
;
;
oo~ ' ~;
Gramnatical
Drills
!!l~~~L:2!-~l
.
~ .
~~~!!Q~2r~ei~_
~.
oo~ .
K~ , 6 6
.
403
~ ~ ' ~.
, .
.
~ .
~~2Q.!:~~L:2Q~.!:_
o~ 'o~ .
o~ ~ .
~~~f.!:r~Q~L:2~.!:_
~ ~o ' ~o.
o~ x~~ .
(l~ ~x .
~_~1Q~!JQ,!:~_
~o ,
~ ~ .
~~E~x_
~~ .
~~~'!:~Qf_~~Q.!:2_
' ~ ~ ' ,
~ .
~~~2~Q~~~_e~~2
~ 6 6 .
2_~~2~~fQ~_
' ' , 6
.3.3
~ ~~ .
!~~f!!~~~_
~ .
'
~
L.'
'~
*.
!!)
6 6
.
" ~ .
6,
to OW'e
is due
are due
6,
-,
winter (adj.)
-6
6 , , ~o ~
;
6 ~ 6 ~;
;
, ,
" ;
;
6 ;
' ;
6 ~
;
~ , ~ ~o '6 ;
405
Washington
Was~n
;
fJ
-& ;
' ;
-&-&
-&
' ;
406
'
34
the Harbor'
(the) swan
, .
('from here').
LLL ( LL~)
(the) embarcat10n
LL
(the) open
'L&
LL LLL, LL
~'xo
nEL
LL -
& L 'L&.
have to be
the open.
(the) hat
L (L)
to float
U (U
,
-,
(the) 'Wave
insupportab1e,tiresome,unbearab1e
a11 at once
~! ! & L& ,
n&EL
Oh, my goodnessJ
lRL-
gone!
L & . &
L L
~o U L
L.
(the) cruise
4c17
TC
Aegean Sea
C ~
LL
L ,
LC.
KaC
'C
L~.
~ ~ L .
LC C;
hour.
L L ~ C .
Wby so soon?
TC
ElvaL ;
to blame
(the) harbor-master
~o, -,
What's all
this about?
respons1ble
, L.
ElvaL ~o.
.L
&
who is responsible.
L L.
He i5 the
who
L6, -,
organized
( )
()
to congratulate
408
()
~o!
(3)
34
to create, to produce
~ .
' ~ x~ . Ko~
('organizing spirit')J
~ ~~ .
congratulations.
He deserves
wok at the
situatin
he has createdJ
(~ )
(the) organization
()
to warn
(3)
~ ~oo
(the) agency
~ .
'
~ox~o ~ ~oo.
UB
in advance--
(the) season
x~, , o~ ~
~o~ ~
middle
"
whenever
oo~ ~
oo~
random,
it comes to your
mind
~ ~ ~o
o~
oo~ ~
6 ;
,
~o ,
o~ ~ x~ ~
o~o (o~)
, -, -()
in whole, in fulJ.
409
6 o~
x~
6 , ~
YOU
6 6 , ,
YOUDg fellow,
group.
()
to be
6
.
ashazed
ashazed !
to
yoursel.f7
to be smart alecky
', , 6 .
your time.
6 .
()
410
UNIT 34
L '
we are
L.
1s1ands
~.-
l.lling
their wreck
..
like this.
a ship 1n a stonn
choice , change
in ti.me
L ~ 'V
that
LL L
OL L;
;
~ ;
~o
yLa
L ~ L ;
L ~L ;
~ L,
,
, ~ L,
~ ;
L~ LL L ;
L OXL;
K~o
L L
Lp ;
Grammatica1 Notes
~~~~_~~!.
The verb
1t
canes
to your mind
'mixed' conjugation
the Class
verb6, 1.e.
, , , , , .
411
against
()
(2)
to i.nvite
f~l~~~_
5!~n!!1e~
, .
~~l~~e~L:~Q~!!~_
.
o~ .
~e~~~~~~~~~L:~Q~!!l
, .
Q~~!~_5!~~_~!!!~~_
~o.
o~
~eQ~!!~Qe1~L:Q~!!l
~ o~ ~ .
o~~ .
~!e~~Q~9:l_
' , ~o ' .
5!~Q_~~~~_!2~_~~~~~~__
~9:1e~~_~~~_5!Q~9:e~_!Q~_e2Q_~Q~_
'
~,
~E9:1~_
L
, ,
' L.
412
Q'!~~~~~X!~_
'
!~-~~~~
.
~~~e!J::~s;_
;
:~~~:~~~_
~.
~o.
i_Q'f~e~_
' ~
~~fQ~~~~~_
"
t ~o ' .
!2_~e~~~f!f~_
,
Q'2_~~~f!~~~_
&~
' ,
~ .
()
to quote, to mention
relativeJ.y. in regard to
()
to cross
ocean
Caribbean
whoever, llhichever
seasickness
';
~ ;
34
1 6;
~;
' ;
,
;
" ,
" , 6 ;
, 6 ;
~,o o~
x~ 6 6;
o~ ~ 6 6 ;
Part
dear
-6
(the) separation
.
.
-,
35
we'll
short1y, brief1y,
c 6.
Don 't be
dramaticJ
We 'll
-& .
12 ~
12
each other
you.
We
hours.
(-&)
to be nonexistent, annihi1ated
( )
(the) distance
, -,
ultra-modern
UO .
(the) communication
-& * '-
- UO,-
" '~o -
Hwever,
-& , ,
10
and 1et's
-& .
()
to conta:in
-&, -,
frag11e, brittle
-()
()
to lock
' ,
-&
contains fragile
it secure1y?
objec~q,
. -&
Certainly,
[ollwOO
()
to check,
of customs
-,-6
verily,control,exazd.ne
-&()
duty free
-& .
, -,
'6.
sure, certain
Don't count
**********
it~
'
35
Part 11
, -,
cloudy, overcast
-& '
route
Imagine having
-&
-&' 1
at an;,y rate,
({7)
to
/(
(the) airport
Par1s
'9 '
lan:i
Paris
You 'll start me worrying
x~,
{7
to send me a cable, as
as you land
(the) worry
( )
(the) nervousness
, -,
nervous
( )
C .
(the) smok:1ng
Ohl You
Somet.ilnes
you
,
.
too much.
me
smoke
()
to 1'ace, to oonf'ront,to
( )
6, -,
-6
wlth
01' aviatlon
', ~
.
by ship
(the) railroad
bytrain
~ , ~
'6 6 6 6
or by
6, -,
-6
elegant
, -,
channing
, -,
stewardess
-()
1'lying
paradlse
b//( xo~
(the) eharm
~. o~o
.
Yes, maybe.
The elegant
o~o
.
, -,
6, -,
uninterrupted
-6
(~)
boring, armoying
to be depri ved
TJNIT 35
6 ( )
~o
6;
to wait1
( )
(the) night
United States
America
~ , ~ ~
delayed
(the) pilot
~ ( ~.o)
( )
(the) departure
" ~o.
Everything's ready.
~ .
(~)
(the) belt,
(o~)
to take
~oo()
(tlle) jet
x~ ~
't
o~ 6 ~o-
419
, . -
., ,. Goodby,
: .
Basil,
Tha.nks
everything.
( )
(2 )
to k1ss
<1
(the) s tudies
( )
~
~
Evangeline for
V~
iBB
~ ( ~)
(the) will
( )
(the) prom1se
' ~ ~.
good wil1.
~ .
~ .-
()
to ex:change
6 , 6 , ~
~o
6 ;'
~20
~~ ;
~ ~ ' 6 6
35
~xo
6 ~ 6 'x~;
~ 6 6 ~oo
6,
~ 6,
~o 6
~o
x~ ~,
6 ~ 6 ~oo;
~ , ,
;
';
~ 6 ;
''
~ ~ '~
K'~ 8
K~' '
'
421
6 .
K~' ' ~ ~ ~~ 6
.-
()
to suffer, to tolerate
6 ~o.
.
.
.
.
.
~
~ ' L.
.
422
'.
REVIEW 31 -35
REVIEW
-----------
Review Drills
Fill
"
o~
'
" ~
.
.
"
'.
~ .
6 .
~o
E~
~ .
L
"
"
~o -
the right.
'.
' ~\'
_
6 .
& & o~ ~
&
~.
~ &
~x~ &~
o~
&
& &
&
o~ .
X~ ' .
__________
fJ
o~
~ o~
' o~
o~
o~
&
o~
o~o
, ,
' &
&
o~~
~x
'
&
'o~ .
K~ .
~o ~ o~
I~
~o
&
& ~
& .
& ~ &.
&
1963
&
~
~o
.
;
o~
REVm131 - 3$
6 ~
6 -
6 ;
----------
6 4 6 .
'
'
__________
6
&6 .
6 6
~;
6 6 ,
'
o&wo.
, 6
&
.&
__ ~
':
&
'.
'6 6 &.
6 o&wo _---------.
6 '
6 6
'L 6 .
Narrative
LLL, -,
Spring (adj.)
monastery
~stery
LO
monk
w"L
mosaics
low
morning
npw"Lv6
L,
-,
incomparable
-&6
noise
silhouette
/(
' LO ( )
character
front yard
barbarian
calm, tranquili ty
( L)
/
,
-,
o~
vanity
icon
austere
(Lw)
(1)
to say
L L'
L~
uAYLOV
w"L
'L
paLa
LL
YLO:
YLQ:
LL.
L.
'.
LLL
L
6 6L
goiby
~L
LL
L-
llEL-
L ~
L ~ 12
~ 9.1/2 .
2.1/2 L~ L-
, ' , ~ .
6 ~ ~ L.
L ,
,
L,
EnLvav
EnLvav
L L
L ...
L LLw L
REVIEW 31 - 35
L .
L~L L
L
'
LL
YWVLQ: ~o
LL,
'
L~
L
L.
LLw
YLQ:
~po
' LL
LwL
~o
LL LL,
'
L.
L
~
'
L L
LwL
L L~
~ L L, YLI
L L LL-LL.
L L ~wo
YLI ,
~ ,
L .
L L
L.
~.
~ 'L
~ L .
L L
L L
wL
L.
L XL
.
'
~L
L L ~ .
'
L L,
L XL
'
~o.
'L ,
L L L
'L
LL
'
.
!
~.
' .
' ~
~~
.
, ,
~ .
,
.
' ~.
.
~ .
, ,
',
~ .
~ ~o
~~ .
o~,~ ~ ~o
, ,
~o ,
!
' '
'
~ .
' ' .
.
REVJ:FJ-i 31 - 35
'
' & ; , ~o
[ noG 6 o~.
&x~ ~ [ 6
&
& &~6.
Basic Dialogue
--------------
, -
candidate
~o (~~)
to appJ.;y for
talk to to
'~-
find out
~ ~ -
America2
exact~
';
(the) eyeglasses
course.
the glasses2
, ~ ~ -
to do.
Thank you
, -
much.
useful to you'),sir2
( )
(the) applicat10n
430
YLa
LL
LL
36
L.
~~~2
LLj-j( LL6)
L ~
L.
" L L ~ ~x
nOLav
(the) specia1ty
Anerica?
])
you
LL;
)~
:~:~~~Q:!J
(-)
to emigrate, to :iInm1grate
, L6L ~x
L.
ElvaL
L6 ~L
have a
Anerican
' .
He's
~~~~2
L (L)
(3)
to author1ze, to entitle
L ( L)
(the) preference
LL
L ~o L
application
L
.
MLa
Lw L LL
jot down
your
data.
(the) date
L ( )
(the) birth
,, L
Your
431
nan,
please.
date
your birth.
'5
.
1917.
10
50
to say
1m
! Ma.Y,1917;
that is
50 years old.
, -,-
divorced, separated
(the) widower
E~ ,
(the) divorce
(the) space ! eight years
vlas divorced
('1 took
ago.
; '
in
snething?
(the) contractor
()
to undertake, to resume
( -)
()
to comp1ete
.
.
' -
11m a contractor.
'
next year.
432
)6
L L ~~ LL ;
L ~~ ;
llOLa L L, L
L ~ ~~ L;
~o ~L ,
0XL
o~
~o;
L ~ L L L~
L
L Lj
Grammatical Notes
!!~~~_J.~~l Verb:
Future Per!ect
~ L
year.
The usage
~~~~_~~E~~~:
~ LL L .
' ~ LL L.
Gramnatical
Drill
Fill in each blank with the proper form of the word g1ven
the r1ght.
L ~
L
L
L
LL L LL
'
433
OL
~O
' ~ ,
~~
~ ~
'
~ .
~o
.
~
'
OL
~o
~.
A~o
L.
__________
'
'
OL
434
~x
~ox
>&
36
~ x~
~o o~
~ .
~o
~o
~ ~
" ~ ,
' ~x
'
~ ~ ~xo
!.
~x
~
U
__
'
~ t~o
- U
" '
.i1
()
t
~
'~
'
'
~x
'
(1)
to moet
435
~~o ~ ' ;
~o ~, ~ ' ;
~o L , ',
";! ;
~ ~o ~ o~
~~;
L o~ ~ ~
L ' ;
UN1T 37
'~~~~~_:~:_:_~~:I
~;~_~e~~:~:~_(uL)
6,
-,
LL6,
-6()
-,
white
-6()
penal, criminal
6 Wo
L ,
L 6 LL Wo.
L (o~)
to be accused
6.
had
~ L 6 L6.
a:nyth:ng
the slightest
thing
~L
the
6 ~o()
.
follwing
(the) docunent
( ~ ~
Very well.
~L .
docunents.
6 LLL6()
(the) certifi ca te
6 6 ( )
(the)opinion, sentiment
LL6,
military
-,
-6()
~(
' LLL6 ,
437
LLL ,
VWVLXWV
XOL-
L' LL-
-&.
service.
(the) testimony, eidence
~o (
L()
L-&
L~,
~o
L -&
SOlfiC
L
,
L -& ~
L ~o
haV
()
L L
L
'
to support, to sustain
surt
you.
, -,
, -/-, -
L EivaL -&L
~.
~L
o~ .
wel1-to-do
r-t'
, -/-, -()
, -,
written
-()
' L -&
~ ~oo
('possibilities').
~~~;~~_~!!
( )
fault
he 'Would prove
;
Ko~ ~ ;
o~;
~;
~ ;
;
~ ;
~o ~ ;
439
UNIT 37
fina1]y
(o~)
to be submitted to
, -, -
d e tai1ed, thorough
, -,
med1ca1
-()
( )
examination, investigation
~ o~
med.ica1 examination.
' x~
(.)
for
(~)
to
~o
anount
to, to conle up
35 ,
, -~, -()
certain, re1ative
, -~, -()
chronical, of time
( )
()
(the) period
( )
'
~ ~
440
UN1T )8
'
your visa.
~ ~ -
'
personally
It depends
the course
various
, L ~
( for you ).
5-6
Persona1J.y
th1nk 1t will
take 5 or 6 months.
, -, -()
' , l;
~o
favorab1e
-
.. ,
..
~ o~~ o~ ;
~ ~ ;
;
~ ~, ;
r;J ;
~ ' ;
44,
Unit 39
-------
---------------------------
~.
K~
Come
and certificates.
~o
1917;
, .
~-
was born in
hebes
~.
~o ~
'.
' ,
(the) on1y
-
'
have
o~,
one
child-w
as long as
And
'
' 6
'
1-130,
'.
()
(-&)
--
to S,lear
-- ,
' -&.
written is true.
39
' ,
-&
~~~~~}~~!!!:
.;
;
;
-&;
-&;
" .;
6;
;
;
-& . ~
';
-& -&6, ~ ;
~, ;
., -- ;
Un1t 40
-------
Basic D:La10gue
--------------
'Greek Is1ands'
Frank
(~)
6 6 .
bewitch,
this sUl1U11erJ
(-)
wonder
l;ikns?
charm,to fascinate
- to the island
'
equally
simultaneous]y
", ~!
U ~
Come
, -
J .~
6 ;
U -
'Why
' 8, 6
(simultaneously) quiet?
Frank
~6, -,
-6
L U
;
objection?
have 10ts
40
What
'
, ~'; .
[.!:~YY!I~
Frank
' ~o
is used to comfort
and
everyth1ng he needs
this island.
~ ' .
Frank
~o, -, -()
willing
, -,
rustic
" .
Not always,John.
am willing to live a
~o
rustic
, -,
unkno\m
(the) tourism
, ,
,
to
.
, -,
Bm
Iaow
about
charming, enchanting
445
dn 't
-,
pri1nitive
~'o~~ '~
,~
, %6.
but genuine.
~~:!~~~~)~::!~~
, -, -
certain
()
% o~
Frank
~ ;
;
, , ~
Frank;
Frank
~% ~ ;
' ;
, ;
' .
' % Frank
~ 6 6 & ;
~;
Narrative
()(3)
to glorify
, -,
tiresome
-6
trouble, worry
(%)
to relax
clarity
446
()
40
to glitter, to flash
optimisJ1l
caJJnness
( )
glance
(-&)
to wander; to be mistaker
( )
horizon
) (~ -) apex, zenith
) ( -)
-& j
(--&)
surface
, -,
, -,
to reflect (oneself)
microscopic
pir:turesque
windrd.ll
-,
fantastic
-,
artificial
-,
unnatural
brilJiant
'
'
~ '~: ~ A~o
' ~ ':
-& o~ -&~ o~
-&-&~,
, ~ '-&~ ~
' .
'
.
, o~o
, ~
o~ ~.
-& ,
~
, ~ .
- " ~ , ' .. ~
447
nL L LL L ~
LL, LL L L
, LL L,
EivaL
ELvaL L
~ L L L L
L L .
~~!:e~~!_~~
__
L ;
~ L' L ' ;
~L L ~ L ' ' L;
EivaL
~ LL L ;
ElvaL
L L;
! L~ ' L L L ;
~~ LL ;
L L~ L ;
L , ~ L, ..;
L ~ L L L;
L L~
L 6L;
REVIEW
Review Dr1lls
Fill in each blank w1th the proper Simple Past form
the righ1o.
~o
' 6 .
()
~.
~ ,
o~ ()
~ 6 .
X~
6
()
oo~
/-
x~
12
~ .
24
1954.
t L ' .
449
'.
o~o.
~o .
&
x~
~.
~ .
~~o
o~
()
,
"
~ .
'~ .
' .
10
~;
"
X~
~~
450
REV1EVI
35 -
110
'
-----------.
Narrative
,
-,-
unconcerned, careless
( )
going
( )
decision
, -, -
family (adj.)
the following
( )
emotion
preparation
slope
, , ~
~ ~ ~ L.
L ~ ~o
L .
x~ , ~~ ,
, ,
~ ~
~ ~ ,
~ ,
o~ '
" ' ~ o~
L ,
t ~
~ ,
, ...
n:
451
, ~o~ ~ ~ ~.
'
o~o , ~ ~ 6
~ ~ ~ x~
~ ~.
T~ ~ o~~ ~ ~ ~o*
~ ~ 6
..., ~6
~ / .
' ~ .
~6 ~ , 6 6 ,
~~,
'6 6
~~, ~ ~' ~6
'
.
~t
"
'
oo~
6 ~ ~ 6 ~o A~
~ ~ 6 ,
' 6 o~o ~ .
6 6 !
6,
~ ~ 6 6 ,
6 ~
~ ~ , ~
'.
6 6 ~6 ~
~ 6
.
6 6 v ,
&
~ ~ ~
6 ~
.-
------~------------~----------------------------_.---- -------------------------
41
LV
L~ ;
trial, action
~oo
(the) homicide
~o
~oo
man
murder.
.
,
-,
-()
-/-,
public, common
-()
in confusion
( )
(the) crime
-,
(&)
- (
cold
in cold
indeed,
( -)
(the) indignation
' ,
'h
bloi
justifiab~
blood and
,oo~ -
indignation indeed.
Ias
( )
453
(the) de.fense
cold
!
()
to present
~, -,
mental~ 11
irreson.ible
, -,
abominable, atrocious
-()
( )
(the) action
o~o ~
~ ~o
11 an~therefore,
.
( -)
(~)
( )
arrest
the murderer,
(o~)
to be provFJd
()
to
, -,
(1)
-6
pr/lleditate
criminal
~ 6
crime
detail.
()
, -,
of two months
: ;
'
\Vhat
hapened exact~?
As
OU
6 ,
sligl1test idea.
451,
know
've
stayed
haven't the
GREEK
()
BASC:
(1)
COURSE
judge
()
to judge
, ,-,-
symphony, symphonic
criminal
41.
X~ . .
Q_~~~Q~e~Q2~~~Q~_
i~ ~ ~
.
:~~~ __
x~ Q
!J_~~~e~~2~~Q~1~_
~ ~ ~
'&~OKo.
~2~~2_
&
' .
~~~Q!~!Q, ,
&.
:E2_~Y~~!:~_
' ';
~~~~~~L:~Q!:~.!:_
'
~ ~ 9 .
~~e2,_
.
455
~~~~~2~2r~~~~q_
~o ' .
!~y~~~~::~~~_
, ~ .
~_~!!~e~~!!~~~_
.
~~?2}!~!~~~_
, , 6
.
~~x~~~~~_
~ ~.
~~fQ~~~Q_
~ ~.
~!!2::eQ!!~'!:Q_
o~ ' .
_~eQ~~~~e.!:q.!:_
~
.
2.!:fS;~rQ~~,!:_
~ ~o (/).
_~~~~~~_
~ .
Q-QQ~Q~Q~Q' ~.
~1}QQf.!:~~Q2~~.!:_
~ ~ o~ .
~eQ!:!-f~f~(;!_=_!ff_~f~f::~q!!11*_
6 .
~~_T~::2 ~ .
*to study
456
r~!lI:!~:.!:~5_
' ~ .
!!~e9:l:!f~~_
;
f1:!!J~~~_
.
457
41
Unit 42
6 ()
(the) robbery
~-
robbery.
6 ~(o ~o)
(the) victim
, -,
regu1ar
regular1y
6 ~(o )
6 ~ ~
'.
6 ()
perio<i
( -)
6 ~
' ,
which was in
six nlontrJS
' ,
powds
in his house.
458
UN1T 42
oo~o
the way
the
~o.
~,
&~o
27
()
period of
to act
()
used to
20
days
;J.
(the) pass-key
&
~ ,
~ .
()
to hide
(the) trunk
'
()
father.
(the) coincidence
()
by chance, accidental]y
'
459
6 6 '
6 .
()
(the) weapon. U
()
(the) revolver
(the) twinkle
&6
() (3)
to shoot
& &
~ooo,
~o 6 6 ~
()
to hit. to strike
, -, -
unrtunate
()
to expire. to die
Two
6 .
instantly.
()
to strikejpersuadej
prevail upon
, -/-, -()
repeated, successive
6 /xol(o )
(the) stroke
6 ( )
(the) corpse
oo~
6 6 6
x~
&
6 .
6
(the) shooting
460
,
"
42
~o
L, ~ L 6
he was leaving.
~
1;J.
L~ (L~)
(3)
to not:if'y
(the) gendanre
K~
to arrive in time,
(~)
()
to arrest
(the) gendarmerie
6 '~,
~ 6 ~6
Ul'de'e'
the gendarrnerie.
Useful words
--------...,----
'L,
-,
()
generO\ls
to send, to dispatch
thief
LL~ (LL~)
L,
-,
(3)
to ridicule. to mock
wild
, L~ (, L)
sc:ientist
I~o )
century
pr:i.son. jail
~L o~ . ' 6 crnCTL
~o
L .
,
L~
L 6 ~ LLL
461
L6
.
' o~ .
6 6 6.
, .
6 ~ ' .
~ ooo~ .
.
~ .
~ , ,
.
K~ , ~
1 , ~ .
6 .
" ' , ,
6 .
' .
~ ~ ~
~o.
K~ , .
6 .
o~~, .
~ .
' 6 .
~ ~ .
, .
~ ~ .
.
oo~ , o~
~o, , ~ ~ooo.
x~, ~ ~~.
K~ , .
~ .
462
Nr
43
Unit 43
-------
( )
(the) contradiction
(x~)
to contend. to maintain
~ (~)
There.
luring
contradictions.
x~
~ .
(3)
to follow
as they say
(the) solf-defensc
then
oo~
oo~ (oo~)
()
to stab
His stoI"J
o~
~)O
that a fight
follo~led
and he
x~.
~o(o ~o)
!
(th(~)
~ol
aurlacity, iJrIlldence
I'mat a nerveJ
, -.
-()
medical
jurjBprulence
6 ( )
LLL L
L .
shw ay
trace of
str~gle.
( ~ 6 LL ~-
, -,
invited; guest
(/L
x(~ L ~
L~ L ( ;
cards with
h:iJr?
vL
L(
L .
L L
L L vLv
LL.
speaJ.ng')
L6v vL L
(vL L
L6/-/( L6)
, -,
last J extreme
-ov
, VLw(
nOLVWV.
464
( )
-&
(the) deat.h
" ~o ~ -&
-& '
~ o~
4.3
vIou1d
-&.
6 ( ~o)
to be 1eft a10ne
(-&)
-&
-&~ -
-& ~ ~
hun,1n
his crime.
13
,
-,
-()
convinced
(the) president
(-&)
o~
-&
-& 6 -&
to treat
president
you and
he
]-):im
as
deseres.
.-
-&, -,
irnocent,
-& ( -&6)
not gui1ty
irnocenl~e
contention
-&~o(-&-&)
-& ;
-& o~ -& -& ;
;
6 ; ;
465
~ ~' ;
~ ~~, ~
;
Grammatical Dril1
! th~
word given
the right.
Nouns
'
~oo
'~o
'
~ '
()
'
~o
~o
'
x~
466
6 -
UNIT 43
<1
<1
<1
~o <1 <1~ :
'
<1 ~
<1 <1
X~
<1<1
<1 <1
<1
<1
<1
<1
'
<1
<1 ~
<1
<1
<1
_
_
'
<1
<1.
<1
"
<1 .
<1~
<1.
<1o~ ~
<1
<1
<1
<1 .
467
-&'
" -&
-& .
-&
oo~
'
___.
~x
o~
Verbs
'
-&
Co
'
xo~
'
()
-&.
-&
-&.
'
-&
-&.
' .
_________
-&
.
-& , -&.
466
.9-
'
",
,
-,
43
guilty
thoft
mill"clEl'
apJ;liC'ation
.
' -& Or, -& &jl
, ~ &-&.
'' -& : ,
'. ,
,
.
&
. ' ,
' .-
'
Q~l~_Q~~DQl~
Political Discussion
----------------------
!~~:!J~
40
~ .
period of 40 days
, ,
-()
of service, of office
(the) conduct
Do you
lmOH
~ ~
~o'(
, -, -
capable
, -,
, -,
efficient
, -,
honest.
-
objective
. ~
~o.
'~o ,
think
a
Nr.senos
capa~)le,
objective man.
(~)
to come down
470
very
6, -, -6()
electoral
6 ( )
(the) system
6 ~ -
~~~;
6,
-,
L ,
6
-6()
basic
-,
:.ndependent
-()
And what
('adopted')1
~ -
44
independent
three other
m:.nor
as for
6, -, -()
proJjortional
' 6 o~-
~ .
proportional
J.OI)ted )
(tlJe) minority
6, -~, -6()
majority (adj.)
6 6;
,-,-
broad
()
to impl'ove
perceptibJy
( )
(t.he) level
Becaus(~
~ ~ ~
consequently
(the) votcr
, -,
-()
eclectj.c, elective
~ ~
eclectic.
()
to foresee, to anticjrate
()
to concentrate, to coJ.J.ect
, ,
~ ~
in
YO~
"rJhich pal'ty,
opinion i5 going
maj'' !
get the
the votes'1
:~~!}
~ (-) -
(the) protJabil:i.ty
(the) victoI'Y
'
.
( )
to
()
to exclude
'
teac~l
the lJ110x}'6cted.
! '
[n]
nc
In
not to
Utl.f
cOllntry i5 fu11
unexpectec]
~~~r:~;~~_2~~~~
x~o ;
~
-&
44
6 ~ 6 ;
~~o , , .;
~o ' ;
6 6 ~ o~~~;
;
~ , , ;
6 6 6;
Unit 45
-------
life.
( )
(the) factor
, -,
sociological
-()
(the) tenperament,idiosyncracy
many factors:
political,
econmic,
()
(3)
to ignore
()
to win
Ayway,
6;
fo11o,er
lXEL
4'14
,
~
~x
-,
-()
~ ~~
However,
doubt
the possibilities
(rurban centers I
( )
-,
o~o
-()
).
(trIe) pror:raro
( ~o)
x~o,
45
at)uated, outnoded
~ x~-
the Democratic
(the) progress
oo~,
-,
-()
~o~
~o
~,
-,
o~
.
oo~
'
progressive
(o~~)
present, actua1
~ o~~
~~.
~ ~
~ ~~ ~
become
~o ~ ( ~o ~)
dargerotIs
for the
nati,olEll
security
the cotJntry.
(3)
to dispute, to quarre1
o~
~~
think that
o~
1175
v~ .
(the) bal1ot-box
" '& ~
. .-
ReSnse
the
the vote(Ibal-
Dri11
()
, -,
and
lot-boxes' )
to call, to name
-()
cautious, reserved
( )
reserve
~o, -, -()
liberal
, -,
conservative
-()
~ ;
&;
, , ,
~, ~
;
'
;
,& ;
K~ ~ ~ ;
& ~o ;
Grammatical Notes
-----------------
~~~~_~~~~
spoken Greek.
The party was given in the villa
'E~.
He disappeared.
476
~ ~ .
45
, -
x~
x~ " ....
.jt was
..re
~o -
oo~
proed.
murderer
this road
\las
not satisfied
_las
ft
WD.S
in
good health
kathareusa
spoken Greek.
h
ver1Js.
cOl'reSr)ondin~
to
kathareusa
verb
erb
this course, these forms should be memorised as vocabulary items at this stage.
~~~~_~~~~_~~~ Dative
Case.
.
,
'lliank
in any case
...
' /f
in continuation
'
meant:iJne
in cold blood
in retirement
Cf
kathareusa
God.
'
spoken Greek the Dative CaSG is used in sonIe set expressions only as illustrated
hae
units.
477
Cot~se.
:::~~~_~~:.~ :
3rd Decl.
G.
i8:
. .
~~.
ambassador.
:::~~~_!!:~:.!!: :
3rd Decl.
the above
factor.
is:
~~.
.
c..
Pl.
Usef'ul words
----------,-
standpoint,
()
to
() (3)
to function
existence
point of view
be elected
monarchy
absolute monarcby
constitutional monarchy
republic
dictatorship
parliamentary system
-,
-()
parliamentary
authority, power,
government
oo~,
law
-,
-()
oo~
legislative
le~i81ative
power
branch
&Ca
legislature
executive pm~er
jud:.cia power
assemb]y, meeting
senate
senator
state
TJI.e ll.1J.
& ( ...)
''&
'&
'
Security Council
...
'
Asia
sre.ia
Africa
'
Europe
'
North Amcrica
'
South Amcrica
'/
England/Great Britain
Switzerland
Soviet Union
Cypr\ill
'
'
Japan
India
'
Israel
Canada
F'cople , s Re!JulJlic of
Turkey
479
Chj. '3.
45
~o
.
~ ~ o~ ~ ~
o~ .
~
;
~ ;
~ ~ .o~;
.;
~ . o~ '~;
~
' ~
~~;
~ ~ ~ ~~;
o~o ' ~ 'E&~;
~ ... ;
480
REVI},'Vl 4, -45
REVIEH
s tat.e,
.,
er'
revolution
pronunciation
wrestlAr
evolut.ion
Reviffil Drills
1.
neCGS~al~.
~~~~~~x~ ~ .
~~x~~~~~:~: ~.
~ ~~~~~~~ .
~~~~Q~~~ ~ ~ .
~~!~r~E~f!~~ .
~ ~~~~xy .
~ ~~~~~~~Q~ .
~E~~~~~~
' .
~ lQ~Q,!!Q.!:!J~Q'Q~
~~~~~~~.
~-o ~ ~~~~~ .
' ~ ~~~!~~~~~ .
~~~!~2~ ~ .
Ol ~ ~~r~~~!e~QQ2~ .
~ ~~f~~~ .
2.
Q~~ ~ .
the verbs to
futlre;
necessary.
~ .
6 ~6o .
~6 ~o .
6 ~ ~~.
o~ 6 o~oo~o .
6 ~ .
~o ~o,
~6, x~ o~ ~~ ~
~o .
~oo 6 ~~ .
~6 .
E~ ~o, o~ 6 ~o~ O .
~ .
~o~~ .
o~6 ~~
~ .
o~ .
~ ~~~ .
~~v ~ .
o~~ 6 ~6 .
6 6 .
6 6 ~~ .
6 o~~ ~~.
o~ 6 6.
6 6 x~ .
3.
Fill in each blaru< with the proper fonn of the word given
6 6
~~
the riEht.
'
482
~
~~
o~~
RV.."t/
X~ '
ot
~~o
~ .
________
A~o ~
~'xo 6 6.
pLnv
~o
41 - 1.;$
~6
'
&
'.
'
, ~ -
x~
~~ x~ _
&
~.
~o.
~o
'
~o.
A~o ~ ~o
~ .
~.
o~ ' .
483
~o
15
~o
~o
'
4.
;)
'l ~o
'<v
crUVEXECq:
;)
<jl
()
______________ ,
~()
~ ~~
, '
't6
~ .
44
.'
________________
46
Unit 46
-------
IFine Arts
(Mr. Courbet)
~.
~ .
(.)
r!TlInber
met
~,
Mrs.Alice
surrmer.
hope you
l~;
(~)
Yes,
course.
to meet again
~)
6/ ~
, .
it
happened
Since we were
~ v~o
~~ ,
tms time
~ .
! her works.
: ;
thern?
1111 be happy
45
theQ
-&,
alloI
-&
her works.
me
(-&)
to understand,to perceive
()
to connect, to unite
, -,
contemporary, simu1taneous
-()
-& ~
-&6, .
486
47
(%)
to be
, ,
crsed,
to consist of
popuJR r art.
()
to preserve, to maintain
( )
,, '
a Greek artist
o%~ ~
and
~zantine
art,
(6)
to adjust
, -, -()
specific
(the) condiion,conventi.on,trec:ty
o~
, -,
-()
today,
modern Grcek
o~
to create a
, -,
(the) infinity
487
'
forever
~o 3 ~& &
p~o ~&
elements
~o ' -
miern
( )
p~,
the art
Greek painting.
-,
UB
the awareness
t.I!.~
~& ( ~)
~& ~
&.
and an impulse
tward
Greek tradition.
(the) way thinJdng
A~ K~
~ ' -
certain
farous
Greek artists,
&
488
the development
U1J1'r 48
Unit 48
.
6
~o
(the) na tion
( )
K~ ~o
01,m
~ -
, ~ .
international trends.
-,
-()
pure
hereditary
(the) physiognomy,
countenance, look
Si~1S
the traditional
'
,
(the) originality
'
.
()
(1)
to investigate, to search
()
(2)
to
side by side
And
(~)
(the) inventor
()
~
to discover, to revea1
'.
(x~)
,
forget
to deve10p, to progress
, .
an evolution, sirl
(~)
to depend
'
50 hm, can
the past?
~o ~;
()
to
over100k
'
~.
";] .
490
49
(the) example
)
'
for
;;(
~o -
loo]~
at a Picasso pictUl'8
()
to l'osist" t.o be
( )
gainst
painting, but
the art
ever;jfore erjcys
j.t.
only
Pi(~asso.
Let me finish,
(th) spectatoJ'
~
,
'
,
~
~ ~
<!
-,
-()
o~
crec,ti.ve
spe(~t&tor
to participate
491
L~ ,
L.
L
(the) violin
L~ .. 6 L
L,
LL,
ways,
it in different
(the) irnagination
6 ~%/%
( L~)
L
since, as
% '
each
us 1etting a part
his
, L% ,
L L
rLO:
! us.
L,
L L ELvaL
NatlIra11y this
'
art is more
L 6 L,
6 ,
L',
admire as mlIch as
do.
above, over, beyond
LL L %
L L
L 6 ELvaL 6 nL6
L~
And
think
()
to
We11, it was
492
again
'
of exchanging a
()
()
to incline
(the) surreaism
fevl
'
am
49
()
to adore, to worship
~ ~ ~o
-,
-()
artistical
(the) developnent
;"nd
kn~r
cOI~lict
.-
of artistic styles is an
~ ~o;
~ ;
. Courbet
.~ ~ ;
.~;
;
493
, .~o,
' ;
~ ;
.
.~
Cou:rbet
.~o ';
.
Cou:rbet
6 ;
Renaissance
'J~ef~~lQ!~~ ~ .
rxpEv.o
portrait
, -, -
favorable
()
comment
critic
~~~E~~~~~~ ~~~e~Q~
~ * 6 g~~.
, -,
-()
abstract
, -, -()
concrete
( )
eJqJl'ession
( )
shar e
~~.
( )
li.ght
~ ~ D~~QY2
Y~~ .
creCltion
**********
' & ;
494
------------------_._---.------
49
*
;
'
( )
" U
to p\1rsue
495
&;
(o~)
( )
()
(3)
/ (~)/
(o~)
, ,
in front
~ ( -)
illusion
especial1y
(o~)
( )
,
-,
to consist
narrat10n
-()
( -
representation
stage, scene
~oo (
-)
moralizat1on
B.C.
A.D.
/ ()
to chant
altar
as t:iJne passes
dancer
(o~)
to be detached, separated
~oo
(o~)
to respond
(o~)
to [eign, to pretend
(o~)
to play a part
ans.erer
to appoint
()
goat
like
( )
6 q
herce
-,
feminj.ne
( )
6 6
mask
(~)
to
( )
~o,
-()
vertical
-,
drssed
-/
( )
(~)
distinguished
busl<.in
-,
bJ
sl10e
~oo
to be lifted, raised
(x~)
' -,
to be separated
mr.n 50
each, every
(~)
to compete
teaching
(),
()
( )
to be saved, to be presel'ved.
(~)
place, location
name
~6
gradual]~'
()
to build, to construct
wooden
-,
an altar
6 ()
semi-circle
seat
( ~o)
-,
-()
~ ()
to substitute
construction
( -
)
,
-,
oblong
()
front of a stage
side-scene
obl ique, lat.c['al
-,
-()
497
passaEe
-&,
-,-
stone (adj.)
-&()
openair
food
, ,
, -, -%~o, ,(.)
this, that
6 ()
point
-&6, -,
moral
-6()
(-&)
to
semi-chorus
chanter
()
to present
()
(1)
:initate
to contain, to hold
rom
for
Cognates
drama
( )
, -,
-()
lyric
-&
dithyramb
epos
( )
dialogue
6 6()
-,
-,
-6()
tragic
-6()
comic
comedy
6-&
"
satyr
ode
( -&
( )
,
,
-,
-,
-()
-()
satyric
marble (adj.)
hypocrite
Chorus, dance
(J
R S C
c: () R S
So
cycle
(-)
, .
, ~o
~,
~ oo~o .
o~
* ,
,
~~oo ~.
~, .
600 .. c~
;
6 ~o.
~o.
6 ~
~
o~ , 6 ~o.
~o
o~
6 6 .
o~o
, ~
~ o~
~ o~o
, o~ ~.
o~ '
( 6 ~ .
~ 6
' 6
o~o ~o .
~
1.1/2
' 50 ,
12 '~o ~ ~ .
~ ' .
* ~
15 x~ 7
(')
,
.
520-250
..
3200
~,
7 , 7 ,
12
18 1
Qf~!e~~,
~.
' ~ ,
~ oo~o .
~6 r ~, ,
~ oo~ ' ,
~ ' ,
~ .
~
~ .
~o ~o
~ .
~o,
*
Katharevsa
fOl'
"
500
~& ~ ~
UNI'
6 6
.
50
& &.
6 o~o
&~
&
.
, ' .
' .
' ,
& ~ ',
~
'.
Grannnatical Notes
The jcatharevusa style seems to be mOl'e appl'opriate to the suJJject
mat~er
narrative.
Therefore, the student
,
&,
\~i11
etc., as well as katharevusa verb, noun and adjecti endillgs, most of wJlich
--
and
GraI1JIatical
; final -
nelltr
nOlli1S and
Sime
adjeciVc3;
the
~~~~_~~:.~
The 3rd pers. plur. Continuous Past endinc; of Class 111 (l~iddle-Passive) i8
, , , etc.
-,
is
a~J
to
'
au~~ent
in katharevusa.
Note 30.3 it was stated tllat in the katharevusa st;yle of the Greelc
Although
kathareusa
1angua~e
tllC
nUi~ber
of this Course. some statement3 concerning the past tense aUfJTIcnt, based
501
e:X:~i"!j)les
narr~tive
The augment ( )
two forms:
(,) a sabic prefix (
COIlSOl1Hnt, or
(2) a modification of the initial vwel ( ) when the verb stem
begins
wit~
a vowel.
,) ~oL~~~~~:_~~~~~r;~
i:; auclont
and
consists
-
the syllable
In verbs with
is lost.
n'J'-&
( nc; t
-&
( + -
It sl,0u1(1 be noted that the prefix t)t-has the fonn - before the augment,
e.E;.,
(fro)~
the verb
).
2) Y~~~l:~~~!~~~~~~~_~~~~~!.
hB
<J.HD"lent consists
Thus, verbs
IJGgin with 0-
\~hich
boe;in with
change it to
or
change this
o.Iel
to
w-
Pres.tense
----------
~~~~~-~~~~
~~~~!_~~~~
)rd P.Sg.
)rd p.Sg.
3rd r.Sg.
()
()
()
()
-&
()
()
-&
-&( )
-&
502
~~~~_~~:.~
$0
:!1~:
--
katharevusa.
Notes
~3.3
(, C, C
These
suffix -- (, , etc.)
Actua1ly the use of the suffix -
in
being as f0110ws:
Ary
verb in dhirnotiki,
EJcamples:
-&
-&
-&
-&
ex~mple
precinct, etc.
Tnese letter-numera1s are as follows:
'
'
'
10
'
11
12
'
13
'
'
20
'
7
~~~~_~~:.~
'
'
~~!2~:.
'
50)
'
etc.
G.
"
'
'
Plur.
--_11.
f.
Plur.
:'
Sing.
Plur.
G.
Sing.
Pl\Jr.
Sing.
.
G.
Plur.
Sing.
.
G.
Plur.
504
, ,
(transferable
50
G.
PIU1'
tr.
G.
-&
reliv.on
-&
tJIeOI',1i
~ ' ';
' -&
.
' ;
-&
;
;
-&
';
;
' -& ;
Gl.OSSARY
()
indign.-1ti.on
()
E~ptian
dear, beloved
f~~FJtian
()
ancient
()
EL;yptian
Eneland
' ()
Fgypt
( )
()
'-& ()
ho]y, saint
45
(adj)
'-& ()
(f.)
fceli.ng, sensation,
perception
-&
percfptibly
()
optimism
\oIild, savage
' ()
alicatin
ferocity, savaLery
/ ()
cent.ry
/ ()
contest, struggle
integral, entirA
()
contest
to empty
irlIpassable
-&
uninterrupted
()
seashore, beach
indiscreet
sG8shore
dead end
ext.rAIe
-&()
jet
-&
true, genuine
()
change, choice
repeated, successive
()
car, carriage
i.mremorial
rmIard, salary
to i/pore
()
31
()
/-
airport
()
in Wll01e, in full
motionless
26
()
to follow
()
pediment
-&
immortal
/-
-&
innocent, not
-& ()
innocence
()
defense
to be acquHted
()
doubt
-&
43
aviation
() Aegean Sea
gIilty
506
()
alrrond-trAe
()
upon, over
27
()
30 R
48
the day
T1Pnaissanco
to force, oblige
-&
blooming
to investigat,e
-&
human
()
worry
48
to discover, reveal
-& ()
"nomicide
()
re1ief
spring ; I1.d:J )
invest.iEator
()
open sea
to
6 (6)
srare part
to exchange
()
36
lmd,~rtake, reSI1le
()
ta
rroportional
33
(letR:il
to ', to be
35
49
-&
50
arnong, between
()
burning
[ (6)
to ronew
()
representation
to rEJlax
26
40
()
mishap,
33
mj.sfortme
to turn upside
dov.n
to correspond
to be against,resist
to subst,itute
involved
45
objective
(6)
object
pass-key
47
35
()
to understand, perceive
to face, confront
political opposition
nn
representation
objection,contradiction
()
()
developnent
()
excavation
in confusion
()
east,
eastern
to quote, mention
-&
()
departure
required, necessary
wind
answer
independent
34
()
38
irresponsj.ble
to belong
()
30
apathy, indifference
()
'
vague spca!d.ng
to recite
()
(6)
507
contradiction
higher, superior
-&
32
()
to object
27
to be busy, occupied
deceitful, deceptive
infinity
forever
opposite, in front
-&
26
to part with
to apply
()
separation
antiquated,outdated
()
standpoint
busy
April (adj.)
-&
improbable
()
April
to take
unforseen,unexpected
afternoon (adj.)
fluent1y
to be proved
to be late
36
35
41
26
to
prove,demor~trate
27
()
to atribte,retvrr, Lrant
26
negative
()
indemnity, comfje!1Sat,j.on
to reveul,uncovel',dis
close
to exclude
26
44
() j
masterp1ece
()
fiance
archaeological
archaeologist
()
notable, elder
()
perfume
to respond
let's
ansHerer'
' ()
Asia
Asiatic
absolute
~ ()
song
absolut~~1y
()
ace
to hush
joke
apex, zenHh
()
50
()
'
()
33
to be dctachad,sepal'ated ()
50
()
()
66
distanco
42
liglrtning
to glitter, flash
40
to sencl, dispatcll
to memorizc ,learn by
heart
( )
rIission
()
astronaut
()
retirenlf>nt (a/1~)
()
resnlt
()
po1ice
50
to consj.st
()
police (adj.)
41
abominable,atrocious
incomparable
decision
-&
unusual, pecu1iar
to say goodbye
-&
30
()
40
35 R
508
()
star
end1ess
nt ()
steam navigation
basic
n'~
b;)' ship
kng
()
Attica
unfortunate
()
queen
u ( )
August
to
()
increase
lit
austere
()
villa
()
Austra1ia
industria1
' ()
seli'-defense
()
industrialist
j -
ElnperoI'
()
store windo,:
()
ch3racteristic trait
()
g1ance
()
steering \'Ihee1
vanished
northe<Jstcrn
'9
abstract, absent-
nort.hwestern
nort~lern
()
'
m:1Jded
()
baron
()
44
:iJo
green
43
to be 1eft a10ne
insupportab1e, tiresol!le
()
nol'th
()
Africa
parliamentary
unnatura.1
()
parliament
() ()
prize, award
() North America
...
34
YOU
over thcrel
to b1amc
-&6
v-adualJy
Byz:>ntine
-&6 ()
degree
a1tar
-&
decp
barbarian
()
(small)boat
(6)
weight, burden
heavy, strong
29
()
s}y
()
blue
callTlness
42
to ridi c, to
)1I00'k
32
to
. . .
General Assemply of
( )
'
{lPE-
()
()
()
picturesque
()
eye[lasses
to shine. poliHh
28
generous
feminine
old-t:i1ner
()
birth
40
/ ()
corner. ang1e
()
1H,tle corner
Senate
()
senator
/q, ()
torCfJ
()
bridge
fOl'est
geometrical
()
toI'cfI
agricu1tm'al
()
lJecember
earth
( )
repoI't. bulJetin
Japanese
vest
()
reception. party
()
second
()
()
() Yugoslav1.a
()
35
to tie oncself
()
precipice
gray
{l
s,eet
scu1ptor
()
creation
scu1pture
cl'cati e
legitirnate.genuine .1awfu1
to create. prodllce
knowledge. erudition
'
expert
democratic. I'epub1ican
jol~nalist.
()
()
()
()
()
()
as they say
28
to declare
()
fascinating.charr~ng
() ()
pub1ic
to charm
popu1ar
fur
for
secretary
writ.ten
lubrication
()
30 R
()
()
510
50
to coJrJPete
crO\om prince
()
divorce
newspaperman
-&
()
27
disposal,mood,disposition
to be interrupted
50
to be dist1nished
dj.aJ.ogue
()
dictatorship
il1tellectual
famous, celebrated
()
amus1ng
(6)
space,d1stance,curse
double
34
to cross
(6)
diplcma.
wi.1ling
record. disc
to preserve. ma1ntain
fomality
: ()
()
-&
47
()
night duty
judicia1 power
()
()
1awsu1t,case,trial
/
(6)
()
()
two months
30 to be given
ton
degree
Idller, murderer
transaction. dealings
()
clarit.y
32
to differ
()
disag.reement.objection
teach:ing
to teach
() () time-table
()
conduct
cool
41
to be carried out
to act
()
interpreter
possible
40
to wontier
west
{}
()
director.
28
()
44
m..':l1aGer
to faciHtate
()
narration
33
to relate. to tell
-&
()
dith;yramb
41
judge
justifiab~.indeed
26
to justif'y
( ) ()
()
(6)
efficient
cu1prit.author.perpetrator
runner
()
42
()
26
to f1nd it hard to do
western
( )
()
-&
()
511
to establlsh onese1f
opening (exhibition,etc)
in
31
document
()
(6)
t1Je
brain. head
crime
()
crim:inal
crirn:iJlal (a. )
local
()
-& ()
etiquette
() () motive)st:imulus
-&
nation
specialist
' ()
Switzer1and
()
speciaJty
' ()
Sw1ss woman
to notify
'
Swiss
/ ()
icon, picture
()
inspection, examination
space
to check,i nspect,exam:i.ne
(6)
42
()
! 20
( ) ( 6) peril !
( )
()
()
years
20
days
41
to be executed,carr1ed out
expression
()
35
24 hrs. peril
()
execut1ve power
o1ive
rernittance (money)
sincere, i'rank
(6)
pe.ce
irony
()
appearance
1rmate
()
()
in
()
()
district attorney
1t
()
()
45
26
W t~t
against
()
beginning
each, every
dressed
interestin
manifestati,e-pressi ()
dress,garment,clothes
to be elected
,6
eclectic, elective
~oo
enthusiastic
chosen, select
-& ( )
enthus1asm
elector1\l
strengthened,fortified
35
to be armihiJ.a.ted
()
lease, renting,letting
astonishnJunt, surprise
juror
( )
50
to expire, to die
ecstatic
()
()
performance,execution
42
to act
affidavit
6, ()
annyance,
boring, armoy1ng
512
importunity
27
t.o
()
bother,army,bore
34
to float
.
.,
guilty
()
furnish:iJ1g
while
official
:1n front of
()
visitor
earJy
()
science
eccentric
scientist
()
return
period of 6 months
to cash
-&
to attack,assault,assail
'
( )
()
28
48
(a house)
to depend
33
to d:i sappear
()
surface
()
evolution,development
cautious, reserved
to develop,to progress
'~ () reserve
48
()
()
examination,investigation
the fo110\dnI:;
(,)
()
argument
,
followine
exit
consequentJy
oi
hence
eps
()
authority, power
6 ()
36
to authorize, entitle
()
contractor
to g10rify
()
investigation, research
no ()
street door
-&
red
()
profession
even:1ng (adj.)
-&
43
to follow
last,
()
revolution
()
Evvo5:a
contact
-&
fragile
embarcat.ion
favorat,le
inscription, sign
intellj gjble
favorable
40
()
( )
()
49
-& ( )
-&
()
()
()
pursue
()
extrerle
last name
wish
woI1-to-do
otJlong
broad
level
()
Europe
()
applicqtion
()
inv'}f}t,or
'
s,s
&
()
'
"
quiet, still
()
()
hero
quiFJt~
()
pair
()
couple, pair
Zeu:'1
&<1<1
<{llGstion, issue
&<1<1 ( )
()
() ()
painteJ' (artist)
()
belt, zone
!OOJ'a1izaLion
o&~
moral
()
dat':J
()
sCJ.u.-circle
()
''&
& ()
death
30
to admire
-&<1 ()
adrniration
& ()
spectator
()
.i
-& ()
mi~i.tary serviC
-&
to offend
32
-& ()
()
azure
-&<1
& ()
sca (adj.)
&<1
&
()
caJm, tranquility
<1
()
()
as
cnfidence
()
U.A.R.
-&
* -&
sem3.-chorus
Unite<i Nations
niS
()
audacity, impudence
()
storm
-& ()
victiJ
&<1 ()
religin
()/'
<1
()
'
&
( ...)
io StDtes of
America
()/
()
'
"
()
January
' ()
Japan
Japanese
medical
<1
of medical jurisprudence
()
ideal
(6)
special, palticu1ar
()
tarnperament,idiosyncrasy
lC
especial1y
invited
private~pcrsonal
artistica1
()
moru{
-&c
nat1ve
( )
~oo~ ()
satisfaction
()
ballot-box.
t6
capable
30
vertigin o'lls
'
' ()
Ju]y
' ()!
India
()
'
,,
(ot)
' ()
June
30 R
()
call, to invHc
to \-Jelcome
ch!lITLlx:; r maid
camQl
()!
( ) ()
raincoat
)'1),'1.(18
ground-floor
()
Ccul<'lda
, I~ (6)
Israe1
t'C ()
' 6
historica1
to contend, maintain
somcn'1!lere e1s{~
t~xup '
cntent:n
'6
scat'f
' (6)
trace,sign,marl(
()
rigin,descent,er'1cn
' ()
dj.ving, sinld.ng
- ()
stonll
Y]~oH
very red
accoX'c1ine
ver,)'
quit,e bJ.ack
~6 ( )
(6)
t~xup (
43
-&() ()
:-&
(6
c1/1' SllOP
everytl1:ing
-& 6
ca thedra1 (adj)
-&
vertica1
-&' ()
seat
-& ()
~~ding,conducting
-&'
-&
to ref1ect
-&
routq
40
-&
as wel1 as
cr:i.rnina1 court
(6
)
(6 )
J1a t.
(6)
(6)
32
31
of
33
slol:ine
to
Hhat. ho sald
Hh~te
oO!Knun~
to be reduced to
to sy:allow
surprislng
'
at first
'
a't,
first
50
()
heir
() constructin
to inherit
()
manufacture, construction
spy
()
theft
very white
-& ()
buskin
affirrnative
oLo
hollo\~,
to strike,persuade,pre-
parliamentary system
42
to bui:w., construc-t
-&
42
vail upon
( )
toarrive in time
30R
to come down,descend
28
49
to incline
ooncaw
corron, public
sociolog:i.cal
red
bay
44
to come
dwn
()
-& ()
direction
( () s.inning, bathing
to be accused
elegant
then
tiresome
'
leader of a chorus
occupied
()
crO\m
-&
the fl,ing
--
()
cellar
()
Centaurus
()
jewel
()
thunderbolt
worl~,
to treat
cosmopolitan
37
31
()
()
social
capital letter
()
()
(,'!1)J1a
()
state, poIi'er
': -
()
crisis,opinion,review
()
ChjJ1a
()
mo vement,ge3ture,step
critic
to mOve
branch
to lock
()
thief
!1croCJ,i:i t'j"
50
()
35
50
()
cruise
to hide
()
beast, cattle
()
()
()
strolce,
bl~
government
cycle
()
circulatin,traffic
because
remaininE, 1eft
driver's license
()
fiower
()
swan
()
wave
hil1y
to f1uctuate
-&
stne
CyprUs
/ 31
to solve
Jyric
comic
()
29
()
()
()
()
27
49
(adj)
solution
rO\oring
()
loveJy dress
comedy
()
()
cook (fema1e)
charminE,echantin
to bewitch,fascinate
40
011
()
to be taken,received
soft
to adore,to worship
()
greengrocer
adorer,worshiper
()
( )
function, liturgy-
marb1e (adj)
45
to function
()
tesim,
( ) ()
valley
witness,
thin,slim,delicate
detai1ed,thorough
6 ()
wmdty
white
()
1ook, glance
48
to
()
r01)bery
very,
}'
much
na
Marcll
frge
()
()
eVidence
43
to st&b
()
battle, fight
()
harbor-master
largest, bi gest
()
pound ster1ing
-&
drunk, intoxicated
erudite,learned man
()
minority
()
literature
.517
41
to study
()
IILl.ddle, waist
a11 at once
()
roid.nii~ht
()
motorcyc1e
mediterranean
mumy
inland
()
musician
wi th (.)
48
to be chenged,alterd
()
uncle,
()
goU1G
()
battery
()
ernigration, :L~)datin
blue
to irrrd.[':rate, enlizrate
()
blouse
()
emiLTant ,immigrant
()
rneanwh:ne
V81'iable
to CBrry, transfE,r
36
27
()
grocer
()
trunk
()
(!
()
ret..eorologj.cal
()
miller
moderate, fair
() ()
mystery
()
register
()
rn;ysticism
()
machine, a ,'paratus
purple
()
mosaics
50
--nl~'~~ll:,nical engineer
man
spark plug
to partjcipate
a traveler)
windmill
since
o~o
microscopj.c
to imitate
()
admiral
() ()
,'J"JJ,
()
seasickness
monarchy
()
young man
abso1ute monarchy
()
young woman
()
youth
nervous
50
()
()
()
CO!lstj. ttinal
mon1'l.rchy
()
monastery
()
nervousness
()
cloudy
516
()
cloud
strangerls guide
cloudy
illJconcerned,careless
islander
wooden
/ ()
bare-footed
()
victor.v
45
to conquer,defeat,win
()
Novernber
()
meaning
-&
legislature
-&
legislative
-&
le;islatj.ve
power
()
1aw
()
southwest (adj.)
southern
'A~
()
()
Soutl. America
south
o1d.-fas11ioned
to be asharned
34
dressed
()
dres8
to
49
falllil,y (ad.1)
27
()
landlol'd
crstruction,buiJing
()
()
()
()
46 to meet again
housekeeper
space
years
October
little (adv.)
whole, entire
'
()
OJympia
'
O:lympic
'
Homer
()
()
conversatjon
fog
()
agailJ.
housewife
()
home
,
'
mentality
()
()
instrucYjon,direction
legal
()
-& ()
to be sroi1ed,adulte;'ated '
31
45
to name, to call
lmwn,
follower
()
()
42
to cal1 back
sdden
"
n'locked
519
weapon,
called
gn
at randorn
()
organization
()
shoemaker
organized
()
shoeshop
50
to appoint
instead
()
horizon
to swear
()
factor
impetuous
()
example
mountain
39
()
48
to overlook
()
for ex.arnp1e
()
orchestra
()
paradise
as for .
()
tradition, surrender
whatever,anything
-&
none
-&
to
()
sky
parallel
to
()
stay; eve
strange, queer
()
fault
()
side-scene
-&
33
()
w,
to be due
()
27
()
frost
()
education
()
perforrnance
stupid, foolish
to notice,
()
wrestler
()
()
struggle, fight
()/
old-clothes man
32
to park
( )
passage
/ ()
26
group
50
to
obsere,
obsere
friends
to present
'
to present
41
()
(6)
parfait
()/
fatherland
traditional
shoe, sandal
()
()
Virgin
()
full moon
( )
/-
slacks
()
high sea
(6)
Ionian Sea
()
at any rate
Iollw
()
520
(6)
~o
convinced
o~ ()
poetry
~o (6)
surrounclligs
o~ ()
poet
to describe
penalty,punishment
27
~x6o ()
()
contents
( )
~ ~6
penal,criroincl
~x
35
to contain
()
period, time
o~ ()
~o ()
41
to fight,wage war
state
fortune,property,wealth ()
citizen
complicated
~ ~ ()
politics
o~~6-x~-
civ11 engineer
~o~o~
43
to treat, entertain
( )
(6)
revolver
~ ~ ()
circumference ,cistrict
~oxo
multi-inillionncir"e
to throw a\lay,to ]
()
chatter 1 talkativenOS3
alreadY,any mor'e
mm1J'-c:olored
probability
()
marC}l,course ,
~6o ()
pilot
orange
~/- ()
sign
() ()
aI1l0 / t
"
falling
riv(:J'
26
~-&6
()
29
~oo~~6 ()
certificate
(6)
6 ()
pu11oer'
~ ()
slope
~o
oblique,lateral
() ()
~~/-
32
agency
stat.ion
()
points (allto)
()
am1Jassador
()
majority
()
~o~6
majority (adj)
! ()
)Jrinc<Jss
()
side
()
princo
near
o~~ ()
preliminary inquiry
tohit,tostril(('
o~o()
front yard
spirit,joBt,mind
44
()
42
()
29
()
to blo,"1
poem
to realize ,<\ccmplisll
actiol1
~o() -
40
, l>
()
()
()
kind
card game
to foresee ,anticipa'e
'esidcn
34
50
to warn
to
riginate,ce
from
primitive
()
protocol
()
preparctlon
()
oriv,nality
-&
34
to prea:rI'ange
()
fliE;ht
hardJy do so-and-so
()
corpse
to preJJlOditate
gat~
progres si
()
pyrarnid
progress
()
shooting
to shoot
33
41
()
( )
foot
the mountain
for,for the
47
35
stu~e
26
add, to form
ot
34
invito
()
stripe
()
current, stream
()
verb
()
t.inkle
~ -&
quick as a
invHed,guest
( )
-&
()
effort, endeavor
33
to bypass
-ink
pinlc
()
clothes
()
Russia
personalJ.y
oh
-&
!!!
to land
nex.t
()
42
appJy,fit , adjust
to att;'v. f'c
47
()
()
()
peraonality,pel'sonage
'; ()
portrait
()
preference
evident~,apparentJ.y
()
pre't.ex.t
pronunciation
()
pr:ime minif>ter
()
mOl'ning
breaJfast,mrning
()
30 n
()
()
34
t:ime
jacket
to Heigh anchor
()
tube (tire)
satyric
satyr
season
-& ()
mask
()
()
line,row,turn,order
/-
()
page
()
September
to
522
30
33
!J
~o
39
()
()
27
()
main1and
important,significant
firm, fixe,i
point
stcTeotype rJ
to bc derJresscd
not"
35
sure ,certiIin
()
to iron, to preGs
()
verse,
by train
() ()
eJemcnt
railroad
silhouette
28
()
()
()
Grcece
1ine
!: ,'
rnan's shoes
()
WIj.forl71
covered
()
arny
thought
militDry
stage, scene
32
to turn
trouble, Horroy
()
garbace co2.1ector'
dark
tuxedo
serious:I;y
()
to concentrate,co11 (~i,
concentration J sather"in;'
Soviet lJnj.on
()
emotion
Bxcitinr:;
()
COll1]IHll1ication
Sl-Iede
28
to compose
surrea1ism
()
compa1'ison
()
()
()
()
()
()
'-
()
()
sole
()
()
26
a shoe)
V01'50,
()
relat1ye
concI'EJte (adj)
44
rarc
sporaiic
()
s-udies
()
31
()
34
narroVl, tiEht
()
,/
()
523
to bc comjJosed J fornIc!
collis1.on,confJict
to
31
to stand,stop
compared
47
( )
turn
st1
devise, invsnt
goneral
cn;ratul.'1te
to discuss
42
to arrest, conc,'iVIe
arrest, capture
collection
32
to reason, t}link,consider
()
stewardess
to symbolize
neighboring
() ()
frontier,boundary
()
Constitution,regiment
27
...
U.N.
adviser
()
colonel
()
cOlllpatriot
retired person
conservative
49
to
46
to COlllplete
shortly.,
coincicIence
abbreviated,shortened
fountain
()
by
dra~)
a conclusion
chance, accidental1;y
()
as time passes
()
symphony,agreement
SymPl10niC
to assemble,gather
feeling,sentiment
to meet
relatively,in regard
to
certain,relative
captivating,exciting
()
shape
27
-&
()
36
hustling,throng,crwd
()
system
()
sphynx
( )
()
()
comment
to cmll1ect,join,unite
()
conscience,coJlsciousness
a lot
()
assemj,1y ,m,~eting
entire,whole,precise
()
consequence
47
()
()
28
to be continued
( )
ha')it, custom
-&
( )
composition
-&
()
COl1lpOSer
-&
()
treaty,condition
()
signal,sign,emblem,
slogan
overcasl., cloudy
to accmnpany,escort
-&
-&
29
to be saved,preserved
workshop
continuation
()
50
()
()
tavern owner
backgamon
regularly
regular
28
()
()
to suffer,be exhausted
talent
taxicab
()
traveler's check
()
trouble, disorder
66-
identity
way of thinking
-& ()
()
6
simu:.t.aneus'1
()
tomb
()
briefcase,handbag
recent).y
()
cement
't"
finalJy
type, character
customhouse
of customs
rough, agitated
()
tetralogy
artificial
()
technique
(6)
window pane
.&
honest
()
punisl111lent
-&
such, such as
to stress, emphasize
to put,set,place
()
place, location
()
tourism
ultra-rooern
()
Turkey
-&
responsible
{)
thiR, that
of service,
tragic
()
goat
()
()
30
-&
30
n ()
()
()
6
26
()
' -
()
food
()
()
destiny,fate,fortune
present, actual
()
table-cloth
()
28
to adopt (a C}lild)
()
( )
national antrIem
()
()
a1r
existfJi1ce
()
aide-de-ca
above ,, be~'ord
()
defense
office
caretaker goven11llent
()
()
sleep
tempest, storm
()
to be subjected to,
tc unclergo
8\'hndssion,suggestion
hYTnn
()
shoe
s!loe store
sto~
()
()
38
()
()
()
reception, welcom0
50
tr play a part
()
hypothesis,affair,plot
()
&
to suppose,assume,praS1..111E'
~;~
28
()
bra":lch
50
(ofj
ce)
slice,'Feta'
()
chee~
flirtation,coquetry
&
liberal
to feign, pretcnd
()
frienship
()
hypocritc
friendJ.y
to sUPIJort
()
literature,philology
()
prallise
45
to dispute,quarrel
ministry of public
()
hospitality
to kiss
37
' ()
&
minis"t.ry of defense
()
()
works
miniser
of education
()
minister of ceoorrlination
()
35
/ ()
flame
()
()
murder
()
dress
truck
()
26
to wear, to put
to suffer, tolerate
()
obligation
ca'ldj.date
()
heigh
to be lifted,raiFed
35
50
()
()
( )
()
()
()
( )
envelopc, file
()
26
()
31
()
to take care
34
to be wrong,to make
a mistake, to blame
onesel!
to keep, to watch
naturally
Httle lantern
to im;3.gin9
imaeination
fantastic
February
prison, j1.il
26
()
opinion,sentiment
()
dress
brake
pheromenon, aPJJearance
judGinc; by appearance
ba!{er
blouse
()
29
()
()
physiogno~,look
to blow
lit
brilliant
photographic
I\};};"
DISIC
COURSk
chronical,of til1le
6/
33
(<!.)
&
to enjO"J
port.",r
()
dirt road
:rustic
low
()
/ -
(adv)
()
so)] ,dirt,~r,)und,lan(J
camn.ile
character
()
( )
() (.I\~tap1.lli
50
to bc scparated
scc,area,1acc
()
characteristics
()
()
tharks to
x~o
chanrin~
()
paper,map,chart
()
paper
()
()
gendilrTl(~rie
to co.nta::'1j,
50
roOI11 for
p1ay;ing cards
()
butcher
()
chanter
winter (adi)
to look for.
()
a piece of handwork
-& ()
()
chemistry
50
to chant
33
votcr
yesterday (adj)
()
()
snow
()
habordasher
it snows
-&
fat,coarse,rude
of
dancer
cold
c ()
granting,issuin8.issue
()
choral parG
()
c110rus, dance
use
()
B.C.
'6
.1.
()
year
he
in 001()
s03rch
()
-&C
29
111
hold
soul
a dance
()
-& ()
()
ocea.n
()
beautiful women
most beautiful
certain
like
until, til1
,
*******
f. .
s. (;OV1':HNMENT
'; l)r'r::::
l!ll\fI (, - '-'\''\
FOREIGN
SERVICE
INSTITUTE
GREEK
BASIC COURSE
Yolume 3
GREEK
BASIC COURSE
Volunle 3
his
1969
D
{<'
Edited by
AUGUSTU8
KOSKI
For sale t,y tlle Superintendent Documents, U.S. Government Printing Offioe
Washington, D.C. 20402 - Prlce $2.00
11
R'f/(;f:
Volume 11/ ofthe FS/ G,eek Basic Coursehas been planned " {oundation
{ readIng nCU',ers and officil documenl8 written Kathorevousa.
The
frst ( "
Institute.
S. 8apountzis, in8lruclor
Mr. Sapounlzis wrole the lexl..., [
l'll~E!,
t.
] "mt'.' R. fh, {)
5chool { Languagt. 8tudic's
t:orcign. ,.,''( In-"lilull~
{)prI'I { 8t"
TABLE
5'
TENTS
, 01ympi c Games'
Basic Dialogue
....................................................................... 529
Response Exercise
Narrati
Note 51.1
''
................... 532
Response Exercise
''
51.3
533
................................................................ 536
Grammatical Drills
Unit 52
OF
.................................................................... 543
549
Unit 53
...........
555
'Tobacco in Greece'
Basic Dialogne
....................................................................... 560
................................................. 566
54.2
Demonstrative Pronouns
54.3
rdependent
54.4
'Pr"onouns 567
iv
G BASIC COURSE
Unit 55
'Ml.n
572
55.2
Augnent
55.3
................ 576
Grammatical Drills
1
583
56
'Music 1n Greece'
587
Response Exercise
.................................................................... 589
Note 56.1
atharevousa
56.2
56.3
57.2
57.3
57.4
57.5
600
57.6
600
57.7
57.
'Hand1craf't
Note 58.1
58.2
609
Gramatical
Drills . 610
Unit 59
'Proclamation to the Greek People on the Qccasion
the Anniversary
Note 59.1
Gramatical
Drills .. 619
Unit 60
t
................................ 621
Note 60.1
Preposition.s 624
Navarine t
........................................................
Response Exercise
Grammatical Drills
630
................................................................... 631
Unit 62
'Modern Greek Literature '
.............................................................
Response Exercise
Grarna t
Unit
637
6)
Grammatical Drills
6l'
.................................................................... 641
TJnit 64
'Greek Diglossia t
Grarrratical
tInit
... ........ ...... ...... ... .... ....... ... .. ........ ........ ...
643
~5
F~ercise
Graatical
........ 649
v:1.
Unit 66
'George Vlakhos's Letter to Hitler'
Note
Indefi.ite ~onoun
66.1
652
654
Drills 658
Unit 68
'George Vlakhos's Letter to Hitler' (cont.) 660
Grammatical Drills 66,
Unit 69
'George Vlakhos's Letter to Hitler' (cont.) 663
......................................
665
..........................................
665
69.2
69.3
Grammatical Drills
Urit
69. ,
. 665
70
Drills ......................
,1
670
Unit 7'
'
................................................................ 672
. 674
Newspeper Article'
Gr~~tical
Drills
Uni t 72
'
(cort.)
Newspaper Arti.cle'
72.1
GraJatical
. 676
Unit 73
' Newspaper
Grammatical Drills
vii
682
Unit 74
ISoccer in Greece\
................................................................... 684
Grammatical Drills
.................................................................
687
Unit 75
l'1'elevis10ll' .................... 690
Note 75.1
GrIllJ'n8.tical
..................................
694
Unit 7S-a
Trea ty
Note
7S~.1
vii1
Unit 51
-------
o ~
schoo1boy, pupil
~L
{L
()
education
nL
secondary education
X~ 6 ~K L
OL -
stadim yesterday
('the
~ ~LL
schoo1s performed.')
L.
L LGJ ( L
LWaw)
and
to assure, to aff:l.rm
conpetition
L (-)
(L)
to predominate, prevai1
ath1ete
~ La
ath1ete (fema1e)
LL, , !SL
L 6 -
, L
~ ~L.
ath1etes.
()
to surprise, astonish
L (-)
incl1nation, bending
1n spite
L6 (L6)
adversity
misfortune, calamity
6, -,
-6()
'Ihat '5
surprising.
The inclination
CL L
LL
traditional
L~,
~L
L6
59
Turkish domi.nation
L(L (L~)
training; case
physical education
LL -
know.
(laW)
, L,
L .
L, -, -()
popu!ar
LL (-)
narration
L (-)
de11very, presentation
(-)
.1ump, leap
running, race
L L LL
6 LL .
LL L6-
' ~L-
6, , L,
'L ...
530
patriot
fu1.l,
hardship, privation
.,
-~
-()
greater importance
. ~o
cmplete
adventure, vicissitude
a
3 ~ '.,
the life
was full
...
adventures.
ancestor, forefather
. . .
There 's
doubt
..
ancient ancestors.
S1
..
their
:. ', ~.
'
~. ~.
an expression
the idea
beauty.
()
.. (-)
survival
contribute,
, ,
~6 ..
greatly
. .
people.
think
complete
this
the survi".rc.l
fonn, shape
531
the Greek
(~)
express (oneself)
(L)
succeed
~L
(L)
L '
,
Because
separate,
matter how
achieved
thing:
sorting [things)
out.
thus,
hmanity
~ L
~W
part
was expressed
x~.
~.
; '
51
positive1y
Lu,
in this marmer
humanin.
~~:!E~~!:_~~~!~~
-,
conversation, speech
elementary
, -, -
highest
competition
()
to fonn
(x~)
to conduct,
L ~
be conducted
(,
, ).
L
.
, ,
, , ~o;
~
;
532
$,
, , ,
, , ;
~ ;
' ;
,
~;
Narrative
(x~)
( )
mind, intellect
, -, -
healthy
()
to urge, incite
(-)
youth
K~oo
descent
(x~)
to strengthen,
in varioUB
~, -, -
ascent
(-)
vigor
race. tribe
source
(K~)
to be trained
~o
legerxl., rumor
, ,
(~)
to struggle, to fight
()
father
Ol.YlTlpiad
' (-)
, ,
reirce
Wa:y8
whatever, whoever
to constitute, to compose
()
533
(-)
51
importance
more
-,
honored
(.ft)
6 ~.ft
prizeJ reward
6 L
medal
gif't
6
6,
symbol
-6
-,
-,
supreme, highest
.ftL
olive tree
(.ft)
to be put, set
head
()
(-)
city wall
LL
(L.ft)
to pa5S through
victor, winner
L6, -, -6
initial, original
exercise, practice
(-)
test, experiment
endurance, resistance
()
to increase
6.ftL
add1tion
(-)
-&
-&L
hence
(.ft)
to be added
chariot race
box1ng
LL
(L.ft)
6 L
6 ~ (-)
leap,
534
j/llp
both
(-)
fl1ght. throwing
6 6
javelin. dart
6 -&
a contest
.-
fi events
~o,-,
Panhellenic
(~)
to be abolished
order.
in accordance with
()
51
-,
corrarand
to begin again
instructive, formati
(-)
performance. celebration
-&
.
6 , ' -&
.
'
-&.
'
'
-&
o~o .
,
6 e .
,
'
~o
' -&
'.
, '.
' -&
.
~o
, ~o .
-& .
535
X~K
~Ko ,
'o~K x~ K~ ~
OK~ . ~.
~ ~ o~ ~ .
25
'o~
K~o ~o.
'
~ o~ oo~.
~o K~o,
S,
~o ~ ,
K~o ~o.
' ~~ ~o ~~K
~ ~ ~o.
'o~Ko
.. KK~
~K ~o x~ .
..
393
40
K~ ~
B~o ' x~
x~ o~
Pierre de Coubertin
1896,
o~K .
~ ~
o~
'o~K
' ~ ~ ~o
~o ~K
K~ ~~~
~
~K.
~!!~~~-~!::~~~~
sociev
~ o~ 'o~Ko
;
o~ ~~ ~o ~ ~ Ko~
& ~;
~ ~K ~K ~;
o~ ~ o~K 'o~K ;
o~ ~ ;
536
51
Grammat1cal Notes
liQR~1 ..1.
Verb: Class
contracted'
vwl
preceding the
~,
-
W8S
one.
'lhe 'non-contracted'
r-, wh11e 1
carried
the contracted
(e.g. ,/ ,)
In modern spoken Greek (see Note
part1a~
This divis10n 1s
!
but the conjugat1on pattem 1s pred1ctable from their ancient non-contracted forms.
'lb1s can be clearly 111ustrated by the follow1ng examples:
~1~~~L~1~~
,-
'
From
~f~ef~L~f~e~
win'
.&-
'
-'i:
etc.
~L~
consider'
etc.
-'i:
-:
-o'i:
-'i:
11 declare l
same vay a8 they are 11sted 1 some d1ctionar1es, that 1s to say: , (-), .& (-),
(-)
etc.
1t should be noted that the - ( -) verbs do not occur in modem katharevousa very often.
~~~~_~!~!
'lhe regular katharevousa verbs are conjugated in accordance w1th the illustrat1ve
paradi~
'&( (-&()
--------------
'to clean'
'to win'
b) .&(-} ('&)
'to cons1der'
c) (-) ( )
'to declare'
537
UNIT 51
Class Verbs:
----------------
1)
~1
(.&.&)
a)
(.&)
'to be defeated l
b)
.&
(.&.&)
'to be considered'
c)
(.&)
Ito
- / -
exaple
ar1ety ! katharevusa.
It iS j however j used
in --
be declared l
'to be cleaned'
3) All katharevousa verbs, notwithstanding the number ! their syllables, have a past tense
augment both in the Simple and the Continuous Past forms.
in tenses based
Present
Past
.&
.&
53
the perfective
..
'"
~
CHART
Class
4-./. ---
---
Verbs
-~~~~~~~{~~~~
~~E~=_~~~~~1;~
Present
--./. ---
Cont. Past
~~E~=_~~~~
----
'-
-/-()
-/ - ()
rJJ
;:J
u
u
--&.-
- ~ )
r JJ
<
>Q
'"'"
C1ass
~
~
Passive Voice
'"
---
1./
C1ass
-----
Verbs
--./. ---
------
----
-6--
---
-{\-
---
---
---
-/-()
...
CHART
'
Class Verbs
Present
-
~~E~~_~~~i~~~J
~~!:.~!=-i~~~J
.f/ -
.f/ -
in - (-)
~~E~~_~~~!
-(-
Cont. Past
--
:::
--<
-/-()
--()
-/ - ()
~
FJ
::J
u
u
FJ
>:Q
~
~
~
Class
Verbs
:::
'"
-&/ K.f-
.f/ -
-K.f-
--
--&
-.f
-.f
--&
-.f
--&
-/ - ( )
..
\l\
CHART THnEE
-<
Present
-------
~~!~_~~~~~~~
-&-
-&&/v&
~~!~~~~~1!~~
~~E!~_~~~~
Cont. Fast
-&./& -&-
--&-
--&-
-&-
----------
....
::::
:::::
-1i
- -
-/-()
-/-()
CfJ
......
(v)
CfJ
.;
-<
\l\
:Q
:::
~I
Verbs
---------------
Class
-&&/& -&-
--&-&-
--&-
--&
--&
--&
--
--&
--&
-/-()
..
CHART FOUR
V\
E-t
Class Verbs in
Present
-
..,;
cFJ
:::
;:J
u
u
(-)
S<2~~~~~:.f~~~J.
~~E~~_~~~f~~~J
.f}a/va.
.f}a/va.
~~E~~_~~~~
Cont. Past
--
--
- / - ( )
-/- ()
-/ - ()
cFJ
-<
~
:::
Class
..,;
Verbs
..,;
:::
c;i
.f}a/va.
&-
.f}a/va.
-w.&-
--
-.f}
-.f}
-.f}
-oUo.f}E
-Wo.f}
-oUo.f}E
-/ - ()
~~~~_2!:.~
Verb:
Btharevousa
fonns
1)
--------
Present
Past
------
~o
~o
'-&
-&
-&
~-&
'
2)
Verb 'have'
----------
Present
-------
Past
~x
~x
"
~xo/ - ( )
"
"
Granunatical Drills
C1ange
the
follwing
sentences fram
'dh:Urotiki'
to
'kathereVusa'.
' .
, ' .
-& & .
' .
~ .
-&
'.
-& .
.
' .
.
.
$43
$,
.
.
&
'.
.
& ~ .
~ ' '.
L o~ .
' ~ .
' .
~8 .
'& .
' .
544
UJUT :"
Unit SZ
Basic Dialogue
tL (~)
to be
LL, -, -6
royal
hOUBe
, , 6 ~
L LL6 ;
foxied
R,yal
HOUBe
knol 1hen
1as foxied~
reign
fifty
6 ~o 1863 6 L
' L L
1hose
year~
~,
~L
L
'1-
period
dynasty
L L L
6 L
6
crn-
L L.
6 ',
6 ,
6 L
far.
6 ',
6 6 .
545
UNIT $2
()
to choose
6 6C1v
coat
C1 ( C1 )
~o C1 ',
anns
Frst
who chose
6 C1v
6C1v 6:C1V
C1
'
the
pee'
tC1 (-)
C1v,
-6v
constitutional
6 (-)
6C1, -,
right, privilege
-ov
unlimited
C1, 6 ~ K~
6C1V tC1V
rights
11mitless.
(C1)
to die, expire
tC1v C1 ;
~vC1 (o~)
to die,
C1, -, -
physiological; normal
C1 6 C1 ~
6 C16v ~6:o.
paSS
away
(ooo~)
to be assassinated
6, -,
fanatical
-6v
, -
Bulgarian
(-)
agent
ooo~, C1, 6
546
1913,
52
Thessa1oniki.
(x~)
to succeed
~o
throne
x~
the
Greek Throne)'2
first-born
son
"
ing
~or
that
repeatedJ.y
-,
victorious
campaign
At this point
victOrioU5 campaigns.
--,
serioU5
()
o~ ao~apat
disagreements
547
emer~OO
S2
l-& --
, -,
questions ).
-sad
()
(-)
removal
disagreements
King
plebiscite, referendum
1920
(-)
Bt
1920
()
to intervene, to mediate
, -,
Asia
Minor (adj.)
catastrophe
~ --,
But, i f
-,
revolutionary
()
defeat
--
Gonatas
defeat
548
L,
-,
-()
L
L ~ L
You re
right and
this victorious
6 L.
, -, -
affiliated
f, -,
glorious. famous
L6, -, -6
Balkan
6 6
"&, L
period
the
Balkan wars.
..
Narrative
L6 (-)
majesty
L (L~)
to share
exile
, -, -
armed
, -, -
L (~)
to be married
marriage
L (~)
to be born
chi1d
LL6, -,
-6
fascist
~L (-)
attack; application
6 LL
staff
front. forehead
L (-)
occupation. capture
()
to take refuge in
549
52
UNIT 52
wife, spoU8e
~ (-)
union
...- (-)
circumstance,occasion
...-6, -,
-6
communistic
horde
(-&)
to be armed, equipped
...- 6, -, -6
neighboring, adjacent
( )
to invade
(-)
invader, aggressor
O~o.
...- ...-
...- ...- ...-
...-6
6 ,
...-6.
...-...-
.
...-
...-6
...-
...-6
...-
...-6
6...-
O~...-o
...-
...-L
...-...-,
...-...-
-&
6 ...- ...-6...-
...-
...--
...- ...-
...-.
t...-
-&
1946.
6 6 6 .
6
550
52
~.
K~
'~o.
o~o &
1965.
Response Drill.
-----------------
(~)
to amount to J cOllle up to
;
&;
&;
~ &
;
~ ;
~K 6 &;
&
& o~o
6
6 6;
c ;
& o~o;
551
Unit 53
Basic Dialogue
concert
~x~ 6 ~6
~ ;
recital
L~ , ~ .
6 6, L '
L ~L
recital
am going to
!
Parnassus
to hear a
~L.
()
~ 6 '
~ ~L ~L.
envy you.
You have
like demotic'songs.
~6 L
festival
~6 L
lullaby
mother
~6 L6L
funeral dirge
songs of the Greek freedom
fighters during the Turkish
domination
The songs that the hardsme and brave young
~ ~L
~L ~o
~ ~o ~ -
L J
~ o~ ~ ,
~ L6LJ
~ ~LJ ~
552
freedcnn fighters.
UNIT 53
YOl
, , ,
/
,
generation
~he
our 50i1
(o~)
to be 1imited
()
person
()
to investigate, exp10re
, -, -
10ng
, -, -
dark
(~)
to be spread, to stretch
, ,
but
'
(-)
(x~)
to be
fo~ulated
- ~o
, ~x
period.
55)
C1xoo,
contemporary
()
' .
'
53
turn
ExactJy for
C1xoo
' oo~,
~lrned
6 .
song.
'
their attention
the demotic
, -, -
worthy
And
songs
-.
needs
a modern Greek.
~ 6;
;
~ 6
'';
OL
~ '
'
6 ,f;
' ~ 6
6 ;
554
Narrative
~
(~)
to develop,
(L)
cultiate
eyplaj~
through, '1J'1ong
~L6,
-,
L~~/-
-6
literary
(L)
to
pX\BrV,
keep
6~~o,
-,
pure,
L~6,
-6
trug,al, pla1n
-,
:~~L6,
~~o,
L
-,
-/-,
-6
nadulterated
sentirnental
sensitie
(-)
relation, connection
L 6
wi th regard to
seldn
~~L6,
-,
-6
religous
L~L
foreign
L6,
-, -6
heroic
()
L6,
on
often, frequently
-,
-6
carnal
presence
~6 ~~ L6
1ngredient, component
()
to 1nterpret
~~L
howeer
6~o
desire, longing
, -, -
wel1-balanced
6L
-, -
(-)
superstition, prevention
~L
nany
tirnes
to go abroad
(~~)
L (-)
see1ng
555
Ol1
off
53
()
motJer
homesickness
symbolism
53
virtue, merit
-,
local
-&
freedom
cause,reason,pretext,occas1on
hand
( )
tyrant
, -,
pecu11ar
to urge, 1nc1te
, -,
-6
intens1ve
-&
everlasting, perpetual
, -,
()
to go over
"
, -,
depr1ved
reward,
()
to be able
()
to affect, inf1uence
recnpense
, -& -&
l .
dnOLa
6 ,
-&
~K ,
-&,
~K -&
-&
556
6 L6 L L ~L ~.
53
',
LL, L ~o L L L 6 .
L L L6 .
L L ~ L
L
~o L6
L.
L L6 6
L L
6 LL L L L L
6 X~wo.,
LL L 6 L L.
,
L ' ~ L L L
~ L.
L L
L
L .
L L oo~
L LL L L L.
L 6 ~ ~L
L L LL
dnO'LaL '
.
L
L
~ .
L
'
' ~o ~,
Lw.
L.
LLL
LL
, L LL,
yLa
~o,
SS7
L L
, L L
yLa
rLa
~ ~o L
~o L L
L ~.
',
~o,
YLX ' .
53
6 6'~o ;
No~ 6
'
6 ;
6 6 ~6
o~;
6
;
Grammatical Drjlls
Change the
f~g
sen't,ences .from
dhimotild. ,
to
'l1tharevousa'.
~ ~ o~o.
6 6 ~ ' '.
' .
6 .
~~ .
6 6 6 .
6 6 '6 ~.
~ 6.
6 ' .
6 o~ ~ 6 .
' 6 o~ 6
.
~ ~
'.
v 6 .
6
558
SS9
S,
Unit 54
Basic Dialogue
dJai~
()
to admit, recognize
()
ry
work is such
()
(-)
consumption, spending
~o
Wha.t kind
cigarettes'l
~ (-)
inspiration
ry
inspiration
'
'.
560
the time
the moment.
50,
the
light
54
()
,
,
-,
to proc1aim
-
exclusive
o~ ~
..,
'h
~.,
illnesses.
exclusively to smoking.
hwever
-,
-6
unique
()
uAv
disease
l~though
o~
'here
by
-,
this d1sease.
chemical
creation, formation
o,~
~o
.
,
~o
561
UNIT 54
, -, -
low
fraction, percentage
smoker
.,
L
'LL
(f. )
L L-
L L
L (L)
to dispute
L, -,
soothing, sedative
nerve
L : L-
L L
L .!J.-
! a man7
(-)
dose
logic
LL L
L -
L, ,
YLa-
0XLj
Why
not7
6 L .
t
Thatls what
say.
Narrative
product1on
smoke, tobacco
(-)
qual1ty
(-)
L,
-,
excellent, best
562
(-)
taste, navor
continuollsly
, -, -
long
, -, -
systematic
cultivation
(o~)
to trade, to deal
middle, midst
(-)
K~H
because
o~o, ,
this
when
()
~ (-)
humanity, mankind
, -, -
inadequate, insufficient
(-)
orign,
(~)
to
exportation, extraction
, -,
source
(the demand)
postwar
, (-)
bending, bend
(-)
reappearance
impu1se, impetus
-,
54
old
, -, -
tobacco prodllcing
(-)
importer
, (-), L,
competition
tobacco industry
54
to include among
-,.-
purchased
'
.
,
, ,
L
170 .
, ~ t ~L
~ ~
,
~ 'x~~
'~~ .
' '
~ .
' ~
L ~L
'
dnOLaL
',
',
'.-
564
'
54
g~~Q!!~~_~~!:~i~!!
-& L (-&.l})
to be provided, supplied
xcnCtxp L
to blame, criticize
..6L
..
(-)
television
.. L ..
6 .. L L6 .. ;
O.. L
L.. ..
llOLOL
.. L
L~
..
L 6
YLa.. e;
-&
..
L;
..6
L .. ..
..6
Q.. L
..
.. ..
..
..6 .. L;
LL .. L ..
L;
..6
.. L ..6 L6 6 ..
.. .. L
YLa.. e;
.. .. L6
.. L;
" .. .. ROLX L L .. .. 6 -
PLKaVLKOU;
L L ..
..6
LL .. 6
6
..6
L .. L;
.. L6;
..6
-
rLX
nOL6v
..6
-& .. L 6
..6
..6;
.. ROLX L .. 6
..
..
6 L
.. L L
' ..
..6 .. 6
..
.. 6;
.. -&L
..
';
' .. L .. .. L LL ;
L .... .. ,
L6
.. L;
..
..
L ....
..
..
..
..
..
.. ,
LL
-&L ;
..6 .. ..
..
..
' ;
565
..
S4
Grammatical Notes
Note 54.'
Pronoun:
'
G.
D.
'1'
'L
'L
'You'
'We'
'You'
G.
D.
--6
G.
--
--
D.
-~-
'L-'L-'L
--6
--
--
'
'They ,
Demonstrat.ive pronouns.
{'th1s',
katharevousa.
---
Pl.
~~~~:.
F.
.
.
G.
D.
.
"
F.
{L
>
'th1s' , 'that'
566
ese '
,'t:liose'
~<2~_~~:.~
Pronoun:
~~~~:.
F.
G.
!!,
D.
<f
!!2!1;_~!!:.!!
Pronoun:
Relative
prOO'lns.
~~::~:.
F.
F.
',
"
'
"
G.
{)
~o
ofo
1J
1J
D.
t nVL
"
"
"
54
~,
you again
\, -,
upset
, -, -
lengthy, extensive
'
ann~1ng
' ~ ; :
;
\oihat kind
discussion
las it~
Can you be
more specific?
()
to revolve, go around
, -,
racial
(-)
sdmilarity
Certain]y.
'lh1s discUBSion
about
brief]y, in a
()
to formulate
' (-)
trace
~68
[l lordS
racial
()
to flov
ve:1n
(L
L L
L L
L L
vein.s
'
trace
'taL
Greece
i8 there
a~
link
[common] orig:1n
between them.
(-)
base, basis
theory
-&
L L ~ -&L
What arguments
L ;
:1nvasion, attack
'
011
the
L -&L -
LKOV
Obviously
hand
the
, , L -&
&'
(Ion the
Falrnerayer
L L
G$nran
hand l
the invasions
A.n.,
L
l.
(-)
-,
:1nvader, aggressor
devastation
(-)
50 ..
'
55
being caused
569
by~becming
'
(741-775)
55
period] of Constantine
Kopron:1Jrus,
am
()
to refute
unreasonable, preposterous
Fa]merayer,
(-)
serv.iIg
intrigue
generally
alliance
~o
Alliance in genera17
()
to inhabit
peninsula
OL
OL
peninsula have
kept
-,
pure
-,
being developed
regularly
570
- ,
1 !
~~~Y!:
(-)
reaction
t~cellentJ
6;
embarassment J confusion
exact~
(~)
I3ut meanwhile
6
6
had expected.
to be upset
~
.
what
proud we are
our ancestors.
bitterness
, 6 o~.
Come
.-
have a
a,ailJ
('80
Narrative
()
6, -,
surprisin[
6 ,
-6
-,
superfic:ial
6, -,
-6
erl:e~tile
-,
confj r',c!
-,
acceIJtat'le
571
Narrative
LL6, -, ~6
scientific
.&
method
(L (-)
mixture
oo~
as
L, -,
~L6, -,
ws
the most
-6
synthetic
6x~ (-), -, -
ind1gmous
around
L (-)
(6)
archipelago
(L (L~)
to be related to
6jJ L
because
variation
dispersion, scattering
not
entire1y
( ()
to distinguish
L~
beyond
~L, -, -
fundamental
()
nucleus
, -, -
so-cal1ed
L (L~)
to appear
name, appellat,ion
()
to name, to call
L6, -,
prehistoric
-6
v~
broad1y
, -,
, -,
spread
connected
()
to contribute
L6
fonation
, -, -
apparent, ev:ident
consequent1y
L, -,
various
572
55
UNIT SS
structure, morphology
vuL (-)
fusion, amalgamation
u~.
relative
-.
-6v
(-)
group, team
above
'
K~
x~
~.
'~
oo~:
~ x~o ~o
.
,
~,
x~
~~o
o~o -
o~,
oo~Mo
o~o
p~
'.
o~
9-0
~o
573
~'o~
~ -
...,
UNIT 55
L LL
6 ~o L
, , L
L L LL 6x~.
(L
LC L L
L L
x~6 L .
'
x~ L ,
LLC LL
L L
LL .-
6 L6 L~*J
~o ~ (L ~VLL* L L;
nOLaL ~ L( CL L LL L
LL
~
6 6
L6
L;
'" L6
racism
~LL6 nationalisn
574
LC
L;
Grammatica1 Notes
Note 55.1
---------
Dative Case.
Feminine
Sing.
P1lJra1
Feminine
1st Dec1ension
Mascu1ine
Sing.
- 't
Feminine
Sing.
1.
-
-
1.
2nd Dec1ension
Mascu1ine and Ferninine
---------------------Sing.
1'1.
-
-
Neuter
-siri;
1.
The dative case is used in katharevolJsa (1) after certain prepositj.ons, e.g., after
, , ! and some others.
'<fJ
'at home
575
God'
55
; '\1 ;
'
o~ p~
Ln~ -
'quick as a wink
' JO~
rt
'1
or
'in retirement'
the occasion'
continuation'
'Glory to God! ,
T~ ~ !f
o~;
From
Note 55.2
---------
..,
Verb:
Past
ing'
augment.
wJat
was said
details:
11 -
'to 1eave'
~p
'to result'
'to call'
&
'to prevai1'
a)
by
-,
-,
-,
L-
55
'
55
6
-&
~-&6, ~-&-&
-&
b)
or
0-
It should be remembered that a past tense aUgffient 1s used in katharevousa vorbs both in
the Simple and Continuous Past Tenses, regardless of the humber of syllables in the verb.
~~~~_~~~~
Verb prefixes.
Fol1wing
Course:
Before Consonants:
Before
Vwels:
--&-
--
*)
--
--&-
--&-
577
55
*)
-/-
before
The
idea
and -
and -
follwing
their meanj.ng:
L - 'to doubt'
--lt go,
proceed
-&-
(- 'to
judge, review'
- ' bring'
~o L- 'to come'
'to call'
L-&-'t oppose'
.fill2..=
-'t go, proceed'
- to put, set'
- to reject, dismiss'
- 'to have'
-&-
- to name, to call'
'to call
- Lt;o
.Jto
get'
'
-'t enjoy'
bring'
- 'to
578
bear, yield l
'to come'
'to leave'
-'t stand
'to go'
-&-'to
'to judge'
arrange'
'to distinguish'
- 'to get'
- 'to
-to
bring'
away'
include'
'to di.ffer'
- 'to come'
- 'to cross'
- 'to stand'
'to put'
- 'to invade'
- 'to
have'
-t
bring'
'to go'
'to go out'
'to put'
Exw-'to ha.ve'
-&-
-&- 'to ,
'to place'
- 'to
call'
- 'to
bring'
-'t
utter, express'
'to come'
'to go out'
'to be astonished'
-'t
go'
-' to
go into'
- 'to
put'
- 'to
put in'
-' to
have'
-'t
' -
'to contain'
- 'to
call'
-'to
- 'to
judGe'
accuse, denounce'
approve'
- 'to object'
'to stand'
579
SS
- to
go'
'to transgress'
- 'to put'
- 'to
~- 'to have'
naptxw-'to furnish'
-&-
-&..Jt
'to place
compare
- 'to call'
- 'to get'
-'to receive'
-'to brig
L- 'to come'
L- 'to go by'
- 'to put'
L- 'to surround'
L- 'to contai'
L-'to
- 'to get'
'to beg'
e:ni>race,include'
- 'to brig
L-'to
:L-
"t-
'to go'
-'t
put'
55
carry around 1
L- 'to go around
'to propose'
- 'to project'
-&-'to
expose'
- 'to call'
- 'to
provoke'
- 'to judge'
- 'to get'
- 'to bring 1
- 'to pronounce'
"L- 'to
580
preside'
'to
'to put'
go
55
- Ito have'
'-- Ito
-&-
'to place'
bold'
- 'to judge'
- 'to get'
- 'to undertake'
- 'to bring'
- 'to go'
- 'to go down'
\-
'to put 1
Ito criticize'
- 'to have'
-&-' to
place'
- 'to judge'
- , to ooOOern'
- 'to get'
>t-'to understand'
- 'to bring'
- 'to come'
- 'to stand'
t-& -
- 'to proceed'
'to go'
'to brinE
do.~n 1
- 'to put'
'to have
'to change'
-, to
call'
- 'to brin[~'
- 'to transport'
- 'to !7,et'
-'to receive
Commun.i. ,
- 'to come'
: - 'to go by'
'-
-& -
'to stand'
'to attend'
the Holy
UNIT SS
n..Jto
'to put'
strike, assault'
-&-' to
p1ace
n.f;-
-'t
call l
n-t
'to get'
- l t bring'
J1: -
- 'to approach,arrive'
'to come'
'to offer
- 'to go'
C-'to '
- 'to put'
- 'to help'
- 'to have
-&-'t place'
-&-'t compose'
'to call
C-
C- 'to compare'
'to judr,e'
- 'to
- 'to
get'
arrest'
-'t
bring'
- 'to be profitable'
J1: -
'to come'
'to meet
: -
'to stand
- 'to surpaSS'
'to go
- 'to Pllt'
- 'to exceed'
- 'to
',-
have'
'to put'
- 'to sustain'
'to have
-&-
'to place
C-'t
C-
judge'
'to pretend
- 'to gEt'
- 'to suppose'
-t
bring'
582
Grammatical Drills
Fill in each blank with the proper form
noun, use the appropriate form
the right.
it 15 a
the article.
Nouns
"L L &&b~
o~ &-
&
o~ .
ElvaL -
L "&O~
LL&
L L.
L &L o~ L
Ln
~ L6 1-
6 6 &6 L
EXEL
L6
L .
~LL L L L
_ _ LL
& .
'
&
LKat
& L
6 L6.
''oAOL
&
L6
':
xo~ &
o~ .
o~ o~ ;.
o~ 6
L.
LL
oo~ o~ 50~ .. ~o
L
58)
55
UNIT 55
150 ..
____________
~.
~J-
~~~~~~~!~~
~o ~o
& ~o -
\.
* ~
~o
~ :,
_____________
_________
x~
~n
~o
'
___ ~~~~~_~Q~_~~~Q~_!~_r~~
* =discovery
584
SS
Verbs
%~o ! .
1) %
%.
' -
' .
&
~ .
Grammatical Drill
Change tlle followi.ng sentences from
'dhiootik:i'
to katharevousa'.
'd %.
% % % .
'
.
% % ' %.
% .
*
585
UNIT 5S
~ L ..
EVANS.
586
Unit 56
'Music in Greece'
-----------------
Narratiw
()
to speak
in, at
(-)
achiewment
()
to vaniS.h, disappear
of many centuries
-,
slavery
o~
(o~)
to be added
()
to be stagnant
;;
3W'amp, marsh
yoke
contribution
independence
'
to stand
(~)
~,
-,
daily
(-)
field (fig.)
(-)
activity
(-)
-,
-o~,
product
recent
present
(~)
to be influenced
-,-
both
to originate
(-)
prox:iInity, vicinity
to reflect
fugue
(-)
denand
creation
$87
L (L)
to
-&,
real, true
-,
iJ>se
composer, music-wri1ler
wortlv
beginning
56
phase, aspect
(-)
LL,
~ L L L L.
L LL
L, ,
L LL 20 .
L ~ L
L L -& LL
L , L -& L L
L~ L, L-& -&
.
L
L , LL
LL
L L L
L 6 ,
W-&L
', ~oo
L .
"- o~
LL L oo"~-&
6 L ~L .
L L -&
-&L -&L LL , LL
L L LL L.
, , L L L LL Q:L LL
L -& L
~, L -&.
L L L L L
~ L-L -&L .
58
56
' ' ~ .
, ~ ~
,
', , .
' ~~o
~
~ .
; ~
~& , ~
- .
o~o
~
.-
'' ~ .~ ;
~;
;
- ~ ;
Grammatical Notes
~~~_~~~~
Noun:
Katharevousa declension.
The following two charts illustrate the inflection of First Declension and Second
Declension nouns in katharevousa.
\1\
-<
CHART
-----
---
FIRST DECLENSION
-----
::
::J
in
L-
G.
D.
-<
U
--------
---------
in-fJc
Feminine
Masculine
~~~~:.
----------
in
in:'ac
~-
in~
in~a
in
6-
C-
---
-OJ
-~
-J
---n
---
nEpLOx-f)
---
Plur.
L-
:::
G.
~
::
D.
'L
-'L
-L
-L
.:J
-L
nEpLOx-aL
6-lL
-L
-9tX-
---
'L
-'L -L
6-
L-WV
-L
---L
.-
---
\1\
1'
CHART
SEJND
DECLENSION
Feminine Nouns
Hasculine Nouns
Sing.
-----
in-6
in ~o
-6
in ~-o
in -6;
in ~o
~n-o
in :'-
~-o')
~n-
~ -
-
r
~-o
~-o
"
{}-
~-o
:5-0
-OJ
~p-o
Neuter Nouns
in -
in ~o
Neuter Nouns
Plur.
in ~o
in ~-o
jn
:'-
G.
-r
,-
D.
6 -
G.
.
.
...a-
1'
lo.!-~_~6..:3
Verb:
C1ass
~_~q~~~!
In
contrast to the regular Midd1e/Passive verbs where the Stem Formative suffix varies
etc.), the Stem Formative Suf'fix ! the under1ined v,erb in the sentence above
is constant.
In addition to the verb -& with its derivatives (such as -& abov,
-&..!t attack~ etc.) and ', this group inc1udes the fo11owing verbs:
-
verbs
The
fo11ws:
Present
-&
'
-&
"
-&
"
-&-&
6-&
-&
-&
-&
-&
'-&
&
-&
"
Cont. Past
----------
-&
-&
'
"
-&
'
~o
-&-&
6-&
-&
-&
.. t-&g-&
-&
t&
~ ,'}
-&
"
~o
~~~~_~~~~
Indefinite Article
The cardina1 numeral 'one', which is also the indefinite artic1e in Greek, is declined
as
follws:
592
56
Il.
,J-Cav
Grammatical Drill
Fill in each blank wi tl1 the proper form of the word gi
the right.
If i
t is a
~o
&
~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ox~.
~ & o~
fi
~ ~ &
&
,fi.
~x . &
_
~
~~
~.
.
&
~J_;
c,.
:cL
fi ~l ~.
xofi
~fi
x~
fi
fi
,-
&
~.
________________
".
':J
---------------------------* 6 c. - water
593
56
UNIT S6
. n
&
'.
~~~~~!:!!~~.:.
f .
~x .
,
~ooo
&~
&
&
&
Verbs:
.
! ~ooo ~o
o~
'
&
'% &
~.
'
' &
&.
S94
&
Unit 57
tThe Greek F1agt
Narrative
J1
flag
mention
about, concerning
annals
(-)
Middle Ages
, -,
blue, azure
(-)
, -,
ray, beam
-
turned
.r&
frn
, -, -
6 (-)
emble
both sides
(-)
capture
(-)
resurrection
province
coloring, painting
interpFetation
(%)
to be able
descendent
(-)
emperor
6, -,
6, -,
alternat1ng
being
<
fund
above, up
'
fieet
(-)
landing
governor
595
cross]
C10,
UNIT S7
description
-,
consisting
-&
-,
C10,
divided
golden
6 C1( -)
crown
()
to wave
cOll11ercial
-,
-6
~ (C1W)
to divide
-,
consular
-,
equal parts
rectangle
6,
-,
similar
to brmg
'
C1
C1.
C1
~ C1
C16 C1C1 C1
C1 -& C1
6 ,l
6 C1 C1 ~ C1.
~ -& ~
C1~ ~o C1, C1 C1 C1
C1
&~o -&.
C1 ~ ~ ~o 6 C1u
' 6
1822.
6 C16
C1 C1 '-&.
6 6 C1
, -& &6 A~ooo
596
57
'
~o '
' " .
~ ,
1828,
~o .
~o :
~o, ,
, , ,
...
~
cr .
, o~ ~o,
.
,
.-
~ ~
~o;
~ ~o . ;
;
;
'
597
Grammatical Notes
~;~!:._~!~~
Verb:
Participial Forms.
ll1 addition to the Past Passive Participle (Note 23.2) and Present Active Participle
(Note 24.2), at least five other participial forms are still used in modern katharevousa.
~~~~_~Z~~
fol1wing
Notes.
Class
Verbs:
Imperf.
e.g.
-9 (--
stem+-oo{J, -,
Masculine
Feminine
-9
G.
Neuter
-9
-9(
,
-9L
D.
-9(L
1 -9L
6 -9
-9(
-9(
at
-9L6
.t-9L
D.
;;
-9(L
-9
-9L~
l1
6 -9 (
-9(
-9
-9 (
Plllr.
b)
Class
1)
-9 Lv'a L
-9(
-9L6
-9CL
-9!.
Verbs
Verbs in
e.g.
-9CL
Imperf. stemt -,
L-, -
'
Mascu1ine
-, -
who i5 winning .
Feminine
Neuter
6 L
G.
D.
LL
LL
6 L
6 L
596
57
PI1Jr.
.
OL
G.
n.
Verbs in - and -6
2)
e.g.
Imperf. sten
-,
-,
~-o,-o
, ---
who is showing'
Feminine
Mascu.line
Neuter
~o
6 ~o
G.
~oo
~o
{t
D.
~o
~o
~po
6 ~o
'
'~o
~po
~o
~o
G.
~o
~o
~o
D.
~po
~o
~o
~o
~o
{t
6 ~o
Plur.
~~~~_~Z~~
Class Verbs:
b)
-.
Class 11 Verbs:
1)
Verbs in -
e.g.
2)
FUtre
Imperf. stem
, - -
Verbs in -EWand
e.g.
Note 57.4
-,
{t6, -,
e.g.
-,
6:
--
Imperf. sten
,--
~oo, --
'sonething
, --
Active Participle:
599
-,
-,
-,
declined like
57
a)
S7
Class 1 Verbs:
~C,
b)
-,
Class 11 Verbs:
~,
-,
&,
,
Note 57.5
-,
-,
lone who is
to win'
gin
-----~----
(Passive voice
~~~6o,-,-o
b)
~2~~_~7:
- , -, -
Class 1 Verbs)
Isomething that i8 going to be cleaned'
(Passive voice
Class 11 Verbs)
~~6o,-,-o
'
~p~6o,-,-o
~o,-,-o
's(wething that is
gin
to be
shwn l
-,
C1ass 1 Verbs:
~C--
Masculine
Neuter
-&
~C
~C
~Co
~~
~Co
~C~
~~
~C~
..
6 ~C
~C
6 t~C
, ~C
, ~C~
~C
G.
9-
~~
~~
~C~
~~~
~9C
~~
.
(.
Plur.
b)
Class 11 Verbs:
--
~, ~, 6 ~
~, ~, 6 ~
'or
600
'
has considered
,
~~~~_~I~I
57
+ ,
Class
-,
Verbs:
~~~(, -, -
Verbs)
Masculine
Neuter
~~~(
~~~
6 ~~8-
~~~o
~~~(
~~~G
D.
~~~~
~ ~~~(J
"9- ~~
6 ~~~
~~~
6 ~~~
~~~
~~~~
~ ~&
G.
~~~
~~~~
~~~
D.
~~~~
~~~(~ ~~~
~~~
~~~(
Plur.
b)
Class
Verbs:
~~
~~~~_~'Z:.~
~, 6 ~
d:Bcussed
Reduplication
and
-.
have such
a reduplicat10n prefi.x.
Verbs beginning with two consonants have a similar redl1plication if the first consonant
1s
,~
or
or
-,
and -&- is
$7
-,
and
respective1y.
Exanples:
-&
'convinced'
'completed'
'to write'
'written'
'separated,divorced'
LWL
'to be defeated'
'defeated'
'to chase'
L.
'chased'
'to knit'
'lmitted'
-&
-&L
'armored'
'to guard l
:ro
19uarded'
Q~~~E_~~
Augment
,
,)
Verbs beginning in
2)
and most
!
those in
have
augment.
res
discussed in
Note $5.2.
Exanples:
'to Bw
Isewn l
'to gird'
'girded'
'to dryl
'dried'
'to vote'
tL
'voted'
'to compel'
'compelled l
'to increase'
'to reduce'
:.u
'reduced'
'to bless'
Iblessed'
'to captlIre
'captured'
'to ar'
'armed'
'to raise'
'raised'
'to pacif'y'
'pacified '
increased
Grammatical Drill
Fill in each blank with the proper form
noun, use the appropriate form
the right.
it 1s a
the article.
Nouns:
&
-r
"
.:lC
~o.
6.
6 ~6
' .
~o.
~o
~Jxva o~.
6~
'lC '
u 6.
N.A.T.C.
-!1, -
* 6 '.
~
- to anchor
603
S7
--------------
( ~o 6 (
~oo6 .
(
6 (
E~
.:
Weber.
6 ( ~6 ~6
~oo
!~~~~!:!!~!~
.~ (
~o
o~6
(.
6 6 ~o.
_______________
( ~o (
.
6 (
O"'t6o
.
'' * (
6 6.
6 6
Verbs:
~
~ 6
'6.
'E~.
6
(
~(
* - dimensionj d.isagreement
604
(
(.
Unit 58
'Hand1craft of Greek
Wnen'
Narrative
LL (-)
dexterity
(-)
embroidery
imit.ting
art
(-)
to ,Ieave
()
to expect, wait
spouse
:L
instinct
L, -, -
instinctive
L (-)
inclination, tendency
, -,
weaving
embroidered
national dress
LL
han1icra!t
L,
-,
tremendous
(-)
LL
lace
LC
wall painting
cmbination,
decoration
Island
-,
-,
-,
Corfu
shining
gilded
(-)
L,
-,
dress
-/L,
velvet (adj.)
"
sl10rt pelisse
ribbon
!ez
605
coalition
l16,
-,
-6
UNIT 58
thick
pompon
'!~_~~l~~!~~~~~I~_TqN_rIN~IKgN
'
-----------
p~u
'
. .
'_
' 6 o~
~o
'.
, , ~x ~ ~
~o .
. ', , ~,
~ ~ , ~6
~ 3 ~o.
, ~o , ~ o~, 3~.
~o .
K~~
~x , ~o x~oo'o
.
~o , , 3 .
~
, xox~ .
3 [ ~o
x~
~o x~o,
.
3,
, t
, .-
606
6
;
..
Grammatical Notes
~~~~_~~~~
Adjectives:
Declension
6,-,-6
(Note 3.1)
Plur.
~!~~:.
-6
-6
G.
D.
!lE~_~!.
-Q
"7~
-6
.-
-6
-\,'
..
,--
or
~6--6
G.
-;
D.
--
--
-
-
(Note 27.5)
Plur.
. .
-or
~!~~~
.
-:
-6
.,...
-'
-
-
~_~:
-:;- (Note.34.1)
G.
-.J
~_~.:.
-~
-6
-6
--
(Note 27.4)
!:!~~
.
G.
t.
Type $:
-
--
-6
-6
(Note 27.3)
~~1l!:.
G.
-(
->
Type 6:
-(
--
(Note 22.,)
P1ur.
-
-
-
'ype 7:
-
-
-
-
--
P1ur.
~~~!.
.
G.
-~
..
-
-
-
-
608
$8
~~~:.
'
Plur.
-
G.
D.
-o~
- ~
-o~
-o~
~~~~_~~~~
Adjectives:
-
-
-o~
-o~
-,
-,
-.
!
the adjectives.
S~~~~~!~
-
~-o
~-o
C-
~o-
~o-
~-o
~-o
:3
~~~~!!~!!!
cnparati
and superlati ve
forms, e.g.
~~E~::~~!!~
~'2P~::!~~!!!
~o
(~o
~o
~o
~o
~o
609
58
58
'
'
Grammatical Dr111
-----------------
the word g1
the right.
It 1t is a
the article.
8:
6 6
6 f
6 6
llv
&~o
'
. 6
610
,&
~~o -
~o
~o ~o
Verbs:
.
'J
--------------
:.
10.000
,*.
earthquake
6'1
58
GREEK BASIC
(~OURSE
Unit 59
Narrative
~o
anniersary
dawn
, -,
power1'ul
~o, -,
opponent
-
unjust, wrong
co-9-
self-sacrifice
~ 6~~ (-)
proo1'; receipt
~ (~)
to
~ (-)
repetition
-9- (-9-)
to do brave deeds
blessing, benediction
ability, capability
(-)
3:'serve
()
to suppress, stifle
~o, -,
cruia:J.
wickedness, malice
(-)
hate
~o~ (~{f)
to be devoted
heartiJ.y
(with
thf~
~6, -,
Gen.)
-6
Pers1An
secret
.at~tin,
, (-)
e1evation
, -o~, -
advancing
~ (-)
sign. mark
~o, -, -
( )(with the Accus.)
pennanent
over, above, more than
612
(~)
to be manifested, displayed
danger
, -,
59
peaceful, pacific
prosperity
'~M.rIJ~.~}lEQ~_IQIi_~M)iIi!~Q~_MQ~
~J_~_~~~l~_~~_~~~~_Q~~~fQ!_l~~Q'
23
~o
~.
o~,
'
'
.
'
1940,
.
, ,
~, , , ~ ~
~~
,
"E~o
.-
~~
613
1940-1941j
59
;- '"
llOLaL ~
-
'
~o &
Grammatical Notes
~~~:_~2~~
Noun:
Third Declension.
Plur.
.
OL
G.
D.
G.
D.
OL
G.
D.
which have
c.
D.
~~
c.
D.
'
. '
G.
'
D.
~ '~
'~
6 '
'
G.
D.
o~
o~
G.
D.
lf ~
G.
D.
, oo~
oo~
'
S9
ot
G.
D.
'
ot
G.
D.
G.
~6
D.
Feminine Nouns
Plnr.
.
at
D.
!] ~
-&~
at
G.
-&
-&
D.
f) -&~
' -&~
-&~
-&~
G.
D.
J:
-&~
..
59
G.
D.
r6
G.
~o
D.
-&
-&
-&
D.
-&
&
-&
-&
-&
at
.,
G.
G.
D.
,fi
.
.
Neuter Nouns
Plur.
.
G.
D.
617
59
D.
(1.
D.
G.
D.
G.
D.
G.
D.
(1.
D.
618
59
UNIT $9
":
":
".
D.
<f O~6\1"
L .
Grammatical Drill
Fill in each blank wi tr\ the proper fonn of the word given
the right o
U i t i5 a
Nouns:
~
____________
o~
L
!
~o
'
_ _
,,::
"
"E~
619
Verbs:
'
C1
L *.
-&
Alamein.
L
6 L u
o~ tL
LL
L -& .
L 6 6 L6
6 230 ~o Lt .
----------------------------------~---
occupation; possession
620
Unit 60
'Greek. His to ,
~,
birthplace
~',
in vhich
moreover
()
to organize
to arrive
(~)
siege
in detail
-,
philological, literary
(-)
exploration
colony, settlement
~ ()
to establish, appoint
to unite
(t'&)
(-)
K~
spreading
(-)
installation
(~)
to be cooquered
empire
(~)
to be Hellenized
(-)
~o,
falling, fall
(-)
-,
subjugation
(-)
liberation
()
to fight together
ally
-,
central
target
invasion
621
conIederacy, federation
()
to find aEain
6 6
4.000
60
.. 6 ~'
6 6
6 6 8 6". o~o
,
6.
o~o
6 6 6 .
~
~ ~
6 ,
' o~o
950 .. .
, .
{ Boo~A .
~, .
~o ~
~
'
~ ~o.
~
'
oo---M~, ,
, .
~ 6 .
& .
~ 6 6 ~
6
622
1000
1453
UNIT 60
" .
- ' -& ,
400
-& ~
1821.
&
-&'~o 190
~o .
-& '
1946-49
-& n po-&~~
;
;
6
-&
~o
' ~~;
l- * ~o;
Milletj
.;
& ";
*()
dissolution
62)
NATOj
Gramroatical Notes
As can be
cases depending
follwing
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
throlJgh, by means of
for, in regard
different
w:th
in
fron
in front of
near, for,
twards,
against
against, according to
frrn
during, through
near
underneath, under
under
for, above
6
nder,
from,
accont
of
the supervision
in, at
~ 6 .
~ - ~ 10 ..
oo~ 6 9 ~.
ot
"
~ .
~ ~ 50 .. .
x~ ~o .
6 ~ ~~ .,
6 ~ .
ot
" ~ r .
60
UNIT 60
Grammatical Drill
Fill in each blank with the proper form of the word given
,
the right.
It it is a
Nouns:
oo~
dnoCav
Q ~o
190
1t.
%.
1t
r.
*.
~o %*
'
25
()
= an
ill-nened day
= to die
625
~o x~ C ~N K~
60
C~
'.
'-&
' ~o C
-&
~xa
Verbs:
C
-&
~.
-:ta
-&
-&
~
-&
' .
~-&o
-&
:..
'
,J
, ,
EC~
! .
&
~o.
626
Unit 61
Navarine'
naval battle
()
disturbance
- -
silnultaneous, simultaneously
(~)
to be moved, touched
"Gc
heroism
revolt, uprising
(-)
(o~)
to be created
(-)
fermentation
influence
politics
()
competition
- -
obvious
6 (-)
rejection J refusal
term
(-)
Petrograd
, ()
London
(~)
6~o
additional
~o
article, clause
'6,
Julian
q (-)
~6oo - -
autonomous
suzerainty
627
UNIT 6,
sultan
by means
()
L(-)
to step; measure
. .
belligerent
()
arms
L (ox~)
to accept
()
to interfere, intervene
()
to reject
~ - -
adopted
Lv (L)
to notify. announce
inaction
(-)
harbor. port
LL (LL)
to undertake. a t tempt
()
to sail away
()
to compel. force
()
to sail back
destructive
intimidation. frightening
LL
(-)
display. show
boat. rowlJoat
(-)
understanding
(-)
fuel; match
war ship
cannon
KLK
tactics; method
L (L)
to prevail
advantageous
- -
628
L (L)
to be absent
6 L
shipwreck
LL6 -
-6
decisive
L (-)
reestablisrment,
- -
iJ11lediae,
to continue
(%)
recovery
prompt
L (%)
to deny
LL (-)
recognition
L (L)
to hesitate
%L (%)
to consent, acquiesce
compu]sion
6,
revolution
L L L 6
L , L 6L L
L.
' L L%
% L .
L L 6
L LL
L6
L6
6LL
6
VEaL
, ,
LL L
L,
~o .
6% %,
'IL L
(6
' 1827).
L %:
1)
% 6 6 LL
2)
% L% 6 6 L ,
LL %' % 6
6L
ot
6L % L%.
'),
6% 6 6L.
629
()
UNIT 6,
L, L.
', ~
, L
L~ L, ~~ L LL
x~ ~ . " 5~ L
L
' L L, ',
~ L
L
L.
L L
').
(8
NauaPLVOV,
~
L L
L L ~ ~
.
,
2.000
L)
L.
LL
26 L (11
L, -LL
1270
82
5 L
~ L L
' L 'L, L
, , LL L
, L .
oo~
' L
'IL
L L.
~ .
'
'
L , 5L 5
L
nEpLOXaL
L L L
~ L
VL
~L
'
~o
Lord I3yron
L;
~L
nEpLOXWV
630
~L
LL
6 ;
~ ;
Grammatical Dr111
F:l.ll 1n each blank w:i.th the proper form of the word given
If it
the right.
is a
Nouns:
o~
1:f.~.
___________
x~
"
~x
~o*.
.
~
'
~oo.
~~o
~po
- ---------
~ ~.
~ oog
! .
to exercise
ro~
pass1n;
pathos
631
':
61
&~ ~
&o~
&
&
o~
o~ .
~ &&
,
L.
'
&-
oU
'
'
61
~x
&
>1.
"'
&p~
o~
&
'
:.
~o
'& ~o
&
~o
;&
, ; , ~
~
&
&.
Verbs:
, ~ i
&
&&
632
-------------_.-
UNIT 61
~ .
~ l
~ .
craq
~.
' ~
' ~
x~o ~
x~
-&
\~
1/~o
'
.
~
~o.
~o.
' ,
x~ t
%.
~.
u6 ~
&
& ~
~ .
'j.
" U
_____________
& &
' ~
.
633
A~6
61
~x{J-pWv.
~
,
' 6 {J- (
6 .
634
({J-
Unit 62
- -
connected
o~o -
6 -
-6v
language (adj.)
(~)
o~ ()
to take,
(-)
6 6
~ ()
to publish
breath, breathing
a follower
!
aSSUle,
consecration
6, -,
-6
dull;
prose
6 -
-6
Greek
~ (-)
6, -,
engage
rsaic
continental
-6
pertaining to "Fanari"
(na,e !
section in Istanbul)
(-~)
exceJCtion; exemption
etre,el.
6, -,
~6
radical
(-)
utilization
romanticism
6, -,
~~~~o - -
6 (-)
defect; fault
~oo
follower of "Katharevousa"
635
islander (inhabitant
l!f
62
the Ionian
islands)
()
,:}
~ (~)
to lay
()
to brighten
letters, literature
()
to abandon
(-)
teaching
prose writer
~o
to kiss; adopt
(~~~)
- -
folndation,
to found
attached
(-)
reserve
alongside; beside
6
~o ~6 ~ ,
6.
6 6 , 6 ~ 6 160 tw,
. ~6 ~
~ t 6 6
1901-1912.
(1888)
6 6 t 6
,:: t ~ t 6 6 6.
t (
t (~. 6, . ,
\6,
, )
. , t~ t
6 6 , 6, 6 ~a 6,
x~, ~ 6 .
oo~
\. , '. , . 6,
..
6)6
1880.
L L ~o
L)t
( (~o
(.
L LL 6.
L (,
. ,
(
1880
~L
'.
L6
.~.
L.
(,
.~.
~ ,
. L,
" .Lv
, .
(,
. ,
(),
L( -
L
( ~o
6 L(
o~
~x
L( LL
. ,
. 6,
L,
L L,
. ,
"
o~
L.
uL
L OYOL
. (,
. ,
ElvaL (
,.
L
6
. L(,
' L
. (,
OL "L
dnOLOL
. L6
LL.
..
L (,
( ~o
, .~ "
L,
.&.
L,
L ~L6
6 L . L, L L6,
. ~
&(
. L6,
~o
LL
L.
o . . e,
.
uv
L.
u
dnOtOL
OL
. ,
L.
~ ,
( ~
62
' LoMywv L
. ,
L JL
LL L(,
L.
u,
6,
~.
~ L
.J
(.
. .~.
LL;
'
";
6 L( 6;
( 3L ( ( LL
;
' LL L ;
" (,
L6;
637
nOL6
( L
UNIT 62
~ %f ~o o~ o~o U K~'~& CU
~ &f
E~;
~ ~ & ;
Grammatical Drill
Fill in each b:ank with the proper form of the word given
nn,
use the
aroriate forn
the right.
it 15 a
of the artic1e.
Nouns:
~ o~
~ f -
vfav
~ ~ .
& & %
f .
ToU c '& ~
v
o~
o~
a%f
&
&
U 190 ,
o~
~o
&
&
& ~ &
~:x
~o
o~o
&o~ ~ ~
~ o~ .
~o &%
~ ~ .
" &
6)8
UNIT 62
,.J. -&
-&
-&
Verbs:
6 ~oo
500
~o.
6 6 6
6 -
6 5
-& .
6 -& 6 ~o
"-&".
o-&~
'.
-9-
.
6 6.
639
Unit 63
representative
criticism
in verse, metrical
dramaturgy
- -6
dead
afterwards, then
()
~6
to rule
- -6
theatrical
(x~)
to rise
greatly
'
(-)
(-)
elevation, raising
founding, establishment
- -6
vcational,
- -
professional
historian
founder
folklore
linguist
, .
, . , . , . , , .
,
. , . , "
..
'( Itt
. ,
. a,
. ,
. ,
..
~o '7 <.<. 9
~~.
.
640
,,
. ,
. ,
"
..
~o
6 ~ ..
',
.
~o-
6 -& 6
" &'( -&
, . ,
Mr
~ 6 6 6
o~ . .
.
UNIT 63
&-&
. , . 6,
. ,
. -
..
& -& ~6
-& -&
. (1900),
L 6 &
-&,
o~ ~YLVE
1932.
~ -& ~L, ~
tL .
roo, ~E . , . L ..
-&
&
&PEcrEL;
L;
'&L-&
uL
uL
-&L
&
at
L o~
L;
& ;L6;
EIvaL at L L -&L ;
Grammatical Drills
Fill in each hlank wit11 the proper form of t.he word given
the rie:ht.
If it is a
n01ffi,
jjouns:
_____________
L &-&L ~'&xpo
&
'
LL
LL
641
L.
63
___________
A~
~ ~~ 20.
~ ~xo o~
'
~o
~ ~ oo~
'ynoVPYECov
Verbs:
~
A~
x~
642
Unit 64
10ss
()
to beqneath
(-)
mj
sfortune, mishap
bi1ingua1ism, diglossia
atrophy
()
to characterize
-&'
entire
(-&)
to come
fa11
befal1,
happel1, occnr
-&
(-)
1beratin
1ife
- -6
ora1, verba1
&-&
(-)
pnrificatiol1
rl
~o-&
el1noblement
(-)
adoptiol1
pride
to shine, glitter
()
grandeIr
sp1el1did, resplendent
il1herjtal1ce
6 -&
crowd, mu1titude
()
to
(-)
accrrnI1ate
usage, use
(-)
perfection
insgnificant,
a1together, who1ly
643
unimportal1t
disGust, nausea
(-)
to superahOlInd
idol
'
(x~)
to accept
~o
~ (-)
abandoJment
()
to simplify
"
to, that;
approach,
apfJroximatin
(-)
64
that; in order to
~ ~o; We6
, ~
,:x~'6 rJ.
1821
'~
~ ~o
.
.
O~
, ~
E~o,
~o
~ x~'
& 6
o~
~~
x~
OJ &~
~o
:
'
~~
'~o.
&
' ~ ~o
~ o~
o~
6~
64
' ~po 6
~ 6.
~o ~o
~ ~ 'x~o.
~o ~ ~
~ K~o,
~
f 6
sf .
~ 6
6 ,
f& f
ot
f 6
t d~~
~ 6 6
~f
6.
Gra~~atical
Drills
------------------
the rigl1t.
If it is a
: ~o
_ ____________
oo~ f
6 c 6.
~ ; ~o~ 6
ot
" t ~
~~
6 .
~ 6
~ .
DAH'I'E
": "
"
t~f
t.
f ~
645
~6 &
'
o~ 6
UNT'l'
~ ~
~o
o~
, .
O~ ~~o o~ 6
~6 .
~o~ o~
1JJrd Ryron
'
& .
~o&
o~ .
~~.i~~~~!~~;,
t ~&
o~ 6 G ~
;.
o~.
~
~o &.
"
~.
&~ .
~ ~
"
6 6
~po
.
6.
6~6
6~
Unit 65
(-)
simplification
gradlJally
()
Attic dialect
()
expressly,
6~
(-)
citly
cacuatin, ieduction,
result,
inference
to
o~
&
(-)
()
to
cnst.t'1te,
estal)lish, render
instrlurent
eJCt.remely
never
contempt
(-)
()
jde,
t~ne
()
to invent
':
(o~)
(-)
translation
Gospel
rule
(-)
()
to prohibit
without
(-)
approval, approbation
647
65
C!11irch
(-)
iJnpro\'ement
6 -&
6
,
-&~o , -&-&
~ 6 .
x~
~ -& ~ ~ ~
~o , ~
-.
,
c
-&
6
6 ~o,
~-&
--&
~,
~.
648
-&
~ 6.
-&
6
-&v,
o~~o
o~
-&
~o
-&
tWVJJV
6 6
~(, o~m6
~ -
6
;
~o
6 ~
N~ ~
~6
~f,
~ 6,
6S
~ . f ~o
~ f
E~
.,
"
~.
\l~.
f f-
~o ~
L.
u
,,,
~o
~o
&f.
~.
Uf"
L.
u
~p f
190 l~O,
~\o ,
,v
' ~
'
~ ~ f
~ ;
'
,''
r.
~o
~oo
' f
~ ~
o~;
649
~p;
" ~o
~~
65
~ ;
" ;
Granmatical Drills
Fill in each blank with the proper form of the word given
noun, use the appropriate
Ior,
the right.
If it is a
of the articJe.
t!ouns:
' ~'J'*
o~
_____________
6 .
_____________
o~ t
~
6 ~o.
o~ t
, LF. ~ t ,
t
'
t ~
,
t 6 6 ;
'
&'~.
~o
o~ ~xo ~6
--------------------------------------------
650
W:J
:
UNIT 65
Veros:
C ~ ~ ~o ~~
o~
-8-
A~ -8-;
o~
KaC
o~ C
KpCvw
C
<:C.
~-8-o
o~ !
:C
po~.
A~
:xo~o.
-8-6
-8-
'~
C ~
~6 6 ~o
-8- .
651
Unit 66
---------------------------------
Your Excellency
to break out j
v ()
to recover
wound
()
divi8ion, partition
(-)
(-)
xpll
i8 destined
dec1.aration, notice
bookj Bible
te:x;t
()
to certify, attest
- -
persistent, obstinate
()
to
6 ~
fragment
(-)
choke, suffocate
torpedo
drwn,
(~)
(-)
be assured, confirrned
declaration, proclamation
()
"
Englishman
ver;r tired
land
signature
ever-J, everyone
the part
()
seCl1re, insl1re
.&6 - -
spontaneous
';.
652
(-)
IJNI'r 66
intf'Jrity,
hone'3 t,y
(-)
- ,-
-,
-&
(-&'%J)
to remem ~)er.
'
'
ox~,
, , -& .
, , -&~, '-&
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UNIT 66
, , ~-& ,9-
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t'~ :, &
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.
~.
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o~ t
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Grammatical Notes
Pronom:
Note 66.1
Indfi.ni te poom
~, ,
- eVCr'Jone, everybody
mits.
-,
-,
(Note 57.5)
Grammatical Drills
Fill
'l
n01ffi,
the
the riEht.
If it is a
~'!OJ8 :
-& ~o
'
'.
. Ju-&u -& o~ t
f.
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af
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t
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654
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!JNIT 66
&6
6.
rn _
6 6
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6 .
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.:
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6.
6 ~
3.
6
o~~
&
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6 ~p ~
655
&
Unit 67
-&
dead
to step, press
()
to mobi1ize
(~)
dinner
(-)
when, whenever
111t.imat
unfortllnately
Florence
material
to remain, to be 1eft
()
to
()
&~
blJrrJ
to be awake, to watch
(&~~)
coast
EngHsh Channel
a~~ious,
'-0
uneasy, restless
l'ficient, adequate
, -, -
Sl)
means
(-)
demand
(-)
negotiation
'
con tj.nen t;
coarse, rude,
surprise attack
a:i.r:nan
656
~:pirus
~llgar
67
6 ~ o~ p3oo~ , 5 ~ &~
6 ~ &o~ ~~ - 3 .
,
~ 3
6 &o~,
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6 , 28
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657
~rammatical
wit
UNIT 67
Drills
the right.
If it is a
____________
.
'' ;)
&
3' 6.
o~ G.
.
-&
IXV-&,:JW'Io.
-& s
Verbs:
-&
-&.
-&
"
-&.
.
6 '
658
O~
&L
LL~~~ ~ 6\.
O~ ~L~L ~ 6
nptnEL
&
\ ~
L ~ L nL .
659
:L
Unit 68
&&
to land
(&o&~)
bank, shore
to advance; progress
()
6
6
it is advantaeeous
(~f)
swastika
mansion; palace;
bui~g
at half-mast
;
&
gotten
exchanlje
~po
to prot.est
(3)
to fall
(nfcrw)
let it be
"
calmness, serenity
&&
lmdisturbed; impert\\rbable
6 &~
(-)
arny
6 f~
U'H ~~ ~, ~ t, f 'f.
f 3nf &
& ';
" ;
3
& 'J.~'j,
petroleum
&&
& :
6 f &, ~& o~
&;~. & f 3.
f & 3
'f> f'l ,
ci && 3~, &:
660
To~
01, '".
6
&~
&
&
&6,
1.
,
&
'.
&
ox~po
~ ',
6 6 .
6;
',
1.
6 ~
~ 6
&
68
' 6 .
~o
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~o.
& ~~ " .
}Ja
&,
6
~
xo~
&
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9.
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~~ 6
- ~ -
6 .
Grammatical Drills
Fill in each blank with the proper
for~
the rir,ht.
If it is a
~o
&6 .
" 01,
______________
Hashington
6.
661
L L 6
JN
68
'&L .
L L
LL
.
L
'
,~~;i;~~~~;~:.
-&.:;
o~
EISENHOHER
Kennedy
Arliniiton.
L
L3 u -&L
Ve!'bs:
LwL
L L ~XEL
1944.
.
6 L
::JL
L .
La
LrJ.
!.hi t
69
the undersign'3d
journalist
1ate; deceased.
(-)
to enlarge; widen
6 6 (-)
remainder, remnant
lumber, timber
-,
evident, obvious
()
to measure; cojJnt
(-)
Danube
(~)
to enter, come in
()
claim
(-)
(~)
to stand; stay
care1ess, carefree
o~
(-)
(-)
to protectj preserve
6 6
why
')
,
(-)
axis
(-)
necessary, needed
o~
6 &6
(-:;)
l;
fighting
- -
c1early, explicitly
6 o~
fiction
cOlllunique
(-)
66)
n~
- -
-,
clear, explicit
~n
dnorov
~p
oo~
the
(1;,
before
estrda
tn~~
ncpvoUv ot
">9
clncv
~n:
;::(
~,
~o
~, n,
n,
~n:J~
txcr.
n~.
n.
At
~n:C,.l
n ot -
~, n 5n, 6 n
Enpcnc
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o~ n~ ~xoo , n (
, ' Boo~
ncpC
nn~
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ot ~o-
n n ;
',
n.
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ot
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n: '. .s1..
,
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napo'JcrLQ'
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664
6 ,
Grunatica1
Notes
!!otc
"15
fo11o'7s:
J).
TCJ
60.2
I.JNr
P1nr.
~~!2:.
o~
D.
~!2~~_~2:.2
6 -&
is dec1ined as follows:
PIlJr.
-&
-&
G.
&
~ -&
-&
-&
6 -&
-&
Gramnatical Dri1ls
}
n,
'se the
each blanl: Iitr: the "roper Iorm the word given the right.
a~)pro:>riat,e
form
If it is a
the article.
~1')l1ns :
~ .
9' "
-&6
6.,
UNIT 69
& ~~ ~p&o o~ ~
A~& &
3fi & .
' ~o
& &
~o
~o .
3 ~
" 3 ~
"
-& :
&-&
~ -
-&
-&~')
-&
""
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,n-& , &
c ~ &\
~.
-&
'
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& x-&~o
, ,
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&.
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&
3 .
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A~
&v
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:1E.
5~ -&.
666
Unit 70
not, don't
salvation
definitely
finally
t\6
- -6
hurniliating
t6
hnmiliation
to hunt, chase
()
()
glory
()
wounded
()
to leave; at)andon
dishonesty; infamy
-,
naive
~o
(-~)
-
-
to be stained, soiled
most wretCl1ed
()
to attack
6 ,::6
infantry
6 e6
artillery
(-)
guard
w01mded person
tC
the flank
division (army)
frm
bandage; band
(-x~)
to welcome
(-)
667
&
to be called.;
Thrace
Berlin
o~'
fire; conflagration
" (
)
-
70
sU!JTloned
area
' '()
&
& ;
';
')
,
;
& ~o ~ ~o-
& 6 : 9-0;
, -& &, &
' ~o, ,
;
" ~o
'.
" 8
a , 8 3 a , 5
.
; &.
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'; "
, , ,
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._
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.
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& a t,
"-;
"
,
"
'
.
,
'
'
-:
, ,
'"
&-
~ ,
, m-: , ~3 & ,
;
KIXL
, &,
& .
& , 3
,& ~ , , ~o , ~
.
;
.
- - &
, ,
~o 3
6 o~
70
6 -& 6 a~
~o o~
, &,
~oy C 6 " ~ ~
':6 ~ -
~ 6& , -&
, 6 6 & .
:,6n -& 6 6,
x~,
~o, oo~o
~o~ x~~ ~,
~ -& 6 ~ ;
'x~, 6~~ 6.
-&'-&.
-& -&.
-&' ~o
, ~-&~ 6 '
6 6 ,
6 C 6 6,
'6 ~
. .
From
"",
March 8, 1941
~o ~~ 6
~6 ,
1941;
t~ 'o~~
' ~* ~ ;
~ 6 6
Badoglio;
~ -& ~
'I~ C ;
~
J.J ~ ~x ''BARBAROSSA
";
o~
1941;
, ~o bli.tz
krieg
194,1;
".tat
~o ~
ALAJlliIN;
i 1943;
n:~
~ ;
~ ~ ~ ~ * 6 ~o 1942;
;
&
\l
:.
Cassino;
~ ~ ~;
~ ! ;
~c * 6 ~ ;
Grammatjcal Drills
Fill in each blank with the :ro)'er
forn
the rigrlt.
i t is a
' K~~o.
&~no ~,
' ~
24
()
:: conquest
()
clergy
670
l.
70
IJNIT 70
' .
300.
~x ~ .
'
x~
'
~o
'3
~ ~
',
~~3
J6
,9r
6 .
&~
'3
& 3
Verbs:
~p
&3
6.
'
'
~o.
3.
.
5 ~x3po.
~3 ~
&~
&6
"
cx
6 1941 ~
3.
&
,9-
6 W'J' ~
6 .
671
71
()
to transmit
6 ~
message
(-)
optimist
!
last year
diffieulty; hardship
~p~ (~~)
to snrmount; ovcrleap
(-.l)
to cause, prodnce
sorrow, grief
demonstration
(-)
(-)
"
strike
-&
foundation
()
to be threatened
(-)
slwing
(-)
resignation; abdication
up
(;)
to hllrr;,
commander
-5
parachutist
taxation
displeased
-,-
observer
c:
skiJ.lful, clever
~~
(-&~)
(-)
(--&)
L6
- -
to exploit
inahility, incapacity
to revise, review
admintstrative, executive
-&6
institution
()
educational
()
to announce, declare
()
- -6
to spot
worse
-&'J"
71
(-)
National Assembly
coworker, collaborator
6;' (-)
unHy
(-)
off
' '
-------------------
6 \ 6 6 -&
6 6 6 6 6
-& -&,
6 -&
,
.
, ,
-&
MacrIJI.
, .
-& 'J" .
~,7 ~ .
' \
'J 6 .
,
-&
673
npo:ma-&ouv
\-
IJNIT l'
' ~- $" t1 -
---- ' --
.
, .
, 6
~ , .
--
~ , --
~.
" ,
, ,
'
Grarnmatical Drills
Fill in each b1.ank with the proper forrn of the woro given
,
the right.
If it is a
}10uns:
--
-- cr
'l>
--.
~x ~ & o~
'
--
x--~
'.
3cr
cr
'--.:.
oo3~ .
~ __
' .: !
_______________
--
674
:.
ot
ot
&
"
3&
30U
6 -
7'
&
6.
~&o ~~ x~ o~
~o
6 "3~.
ot
' o~
&xo~
& &.
~J.
Verbs:
' & 6
3&
U 3U
3e1man Agrali
.&&
& ~.
6 oo~
o~ ~o.
3 ~ .
~To
o~
~o
o~ ~o o~.
A~6 6 ~ f
& 3 U &
3&
675
Unit 72
participation
lC
criticize; blame
(lC)
( )
(-:)
device
-&
day's wages
6 -&
(-)
teacher
sovereignty
9 -&
(-)
reform, reforrnation
blIff
6 tJ.
bonb
lnL
(-)
- -6
(-)
siJnilar, alike
decentralisation
peripheral
receipt
- -6
concentrating; centralizing
most of the ti::le
l6 - -6
provincial
~ (-)
reconstr1Jction
bill
,n (-)
to substitute
openly
-& (-)
to install; estabHsh
/ J
{'!nr 72
-&-
a~ o~, ~ 6 ~o~,
o~ , ~ -& o~
~ -& ~x .
-&
, , .
~ o'Jt-&
-&&
6JJ
"'J
-&
-&
-&
'(. -&~
":
,! ,-
'tt. ~ : L
~o ~
'l~~ 1i
, :
~ o~,
n.
-&
~o -&
: .
' ,
-&J,
o~ -& -&~ ~
-&~
677
72
Grammatical Notes
~~~~.E~!.
Noun
~~::~:.
lr.
-&
-&
G.
-&
<:t-&
-&
-&
-&
-&
Grammatical Drills
rer
form
the right.
If it is a
the article.
Nouns:
-&
-&
-.
-&
-&
:J -&
r:.
-&
678
-&
UNIT 72
-&~
6 -&.
~~;t~s~!~~=.
o~oo
6 .
~o ~
~E
6.
6 o~
6 ~
~
o~.
'
-&.
Verbs:
500
6 '
,
, ,
'-&.
~ ~
~o -&~o.
679
-&
Unit 73
'
----------------------------& (&)
~ (-)
confrontation
labor (adj.)
- -
pessimistic
possibility
(-)
(-)
to undermine
% -, -
past (adj.)
decade
(-)
to waste
nuclear
rocket
(f - -
(-)
withdrawal
denial; refusal
(f (-)
setimes
warm, hot
<
atten1pt
crltic,
cenSJr
, - -
sensational
(-)
deprec.iate, deval1Jate
(&)
to breathe
mi.ddle
bankruptcy; failure
(-)
& (-)
clisorder; confllsion
680
73
t ~, 6 ,
o~ ,
t , t.
6.
ot
6 , , ~.
6 , ~o
,
6 6,
, ,
6 6
, x~ 9, 6
~, 6 ,
'
6 .
6 o~~
' ~ 6C
~ 6 ~.
~o 6 6 , '
6 '.
tit
x~ p~o
at
t,
~ ~.
at
o~
6 ;
:J. '
& ~
6 &
~ ~o 6 ~
6 6
' ~
cXb
68,
'
lloCa ~o ~ ;
TC
ixEL
~ ;
~o 6 ;
: ;
Grammatical Drills
!
the riIrht.
i t is a
the article.
Nouns:
~ ~6* ~
; *.
6
' ~o
T~~o ~
_
~
~o ~x
6 ~o
.
~o ~
6 6
~~J.~~!!~~l
oo~o ~
.
6
~o
~x
(6)
~o
()
- duty
-
unemplo~'11lent
682
73
&a . ~o~o& o~
-&
&.
Verbs:
-& -&
&
&
-& ~', .
&
& &
&
JxO
-& .
" 15
66)
Unit 7u
6 ~~
corresj>ndent
(-)
contest, championship
lot, site
Hercules
\;
sportsman
crushing
superiority,
to be defeated
(~)
suprenacy
hlnter
& (-)
to tri\unph
()
beam, rafter
&~o - -
equal in n1Unber
formation
(-)
(-)
o~
equality in goals
(-)
:r
ball
(-)
to checkj
()
- -
strong, powerful
(-)
plummet; rocket
op~oB
stop
weakneSSj inability
-
valuable; precious
';\
equality
strength
6\ - -
eqllal in strength
(-)
defensive
play; toy
68
player
(6)
to neutralize
completely
~6 - -6
offensivej aggressive
mark wellJ
& (-)
to checkj restrain
~,
-,
-~
74
roughj rude
6 ~oo
halt; period
(-)
to smile
(-)
referee,
& (-~)
sportj game
(&)
6 (-)
6 - -6
6 - -6
downward motion
()
to deceive; sednce
prematurely
netj network
unpire
a ball
'ro .'
---------------------------
2.
& .-- ~
~~ ~ 6 To~
6 ~o
2--1.
& 6, o~ 6
~ , o~ ~ o~ 8 & , & ~~
~o .
o~ 6
~o 6 ~
2--1
(5'
15')
, 6 6, ~c &
685
UNIT 74
;.. ~
73', .
-& .
-&, (69') .
' '
x~ 36' .
48'
2. .
-&
3 f
-&
:
,
(73'
-&s,
2,
", ",
,
Koo~
).
, , t (73' ), ,
), , ,
, .
-& -&
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. ' .
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.-- C
'J' :: -&
~~O, o'J' 1--1.
, : ,
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6 .
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, , ~ ') ....
' , ,
' ;) 76'.
9 G ,
..}.
. , & , -&.
686
6 :
4'
74
-& 6 11;6 6
&. 'l: 1 6 6.
6 . t 6.
-& 6 . & . . & 6 6 :6.
-& & 6 .
39' 6 6 6 .
. 6
-- 6 30 -- 6 .
6 6 !
~
-;:;
:
.
. -&. .
. .
6.
. .
-. :;. .
Q.
6 6 6;
6 t 6 6 6;
~
o~oo;
6 ;
6 ;
;-t
XitVEva -&6 ;
6 ;
r-: 6 ;
00
the righ1i.
the article.
Nouns:
O~ o~
I f it is a
687
'-
- .
--
+<.
"
.
'
~ooxo
~ ~ .
"
~po ~
~ .
o~ox ~ ~ ~po
~.
______________
:,~o
x~~ c ~o
~.
()
football
688
74
~o ~
74
-&6
;,
Bo~ '-&
:.
Verl)s:
-&" ,&
-&~
' .
6 6
-&
\.
, .
-& -&
~ .
-&
't ".
6 -&
.
!
-&
-&.
\6 6
6 Noo~
:~
~: -&.
(6)
1940.
profit
689
-&6
UnIt 7S
'Television'
:
puppet show
shadow
(-)
echo
(-)
timeliness
studio
~ (-)
group
(-)
presentation
Ko{~
staging
\ - -
of televislon
~o - -
humor
()
to be a protagonist
(-)
to protect
- -
distinguished
(-)
to abduct, kidnap
(--&)
tolerate
-&
T.V. watcher
2 - -
representative; descriptive
(-)
diagram, draring
(-)
fresight;
documentary (film)
chainnanship; presldency
f'ilmed
(-)
review
- -
main
news
' (-::)
690
forecast; foreknowledge
lN IT 5
~ (-)
(o~)
~ - -
Athenian
broadcast
fugitive
(-)
(-)
to
(-)
opo-handed; one-armed
flight; escape
- -
mountainos
()
to perseCllte; pursue
-ro
police lie1Jtenant
&6
screen
receiver
(-)
correspondence
(.)
to analyze
~~ ~ -
spectacnlar
- -
recreatirJnal
ertitle
'
25
'
'(
10
-------------------------------
19.00
18.00
19.03
18.06
~oo
~ ~5-
o~ .
19.23
~~oo
~.
19.30
691
18.30
18.40
EBOMAO~
()
~~ ~
~o.
20.00
c '
~ ~o -
~ M~ '~C ~
.
20.25
75
10 ()
~.
18.55
KINH~TOPAIKA N&~
t.
",
~ .
~, ,
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.
21.15
o~o
ET~
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; .
21.55
a~
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~:x:
& ~"o
~oo
Mo~.
~:
Ko90~.
i;: .
19.30
' Moxo~.
YKPOTH~TA
,
, ~
-
:
.
20.00
' -
~i:
"
"
, t. ,
75
10
(~EXEIA)
()
6 ~ ~o 6
~o .
o~ 6 6
6 '
.6 6
~~6 .
ot
~o.
~o~
6 ~
x~ ~o,
6 o~
ot
( ~Jf. ~ ~
~~
o\o~
~ )
,:>
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x~o
1 -
20.50
'
q&
ot
22.45
6 ~ 6
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P6~ ~
~o .
6 6
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--
22.00
o~ ~
<& .~
~I-MI-I.
6
6-
693
'
10
75
()
-& ~ '>taC
22.30
3-
u J.
24.00
Grammatica1 Notes
:
Noto 7'3.1
G.
D.
~ ;
' : :
~ ;
t~ \6 ~x;
o~
at
": ;
-& J ;
'~opE
<= ;
Grarnmatie.-31 Drills
Fi11 in each b1ank with the
noun, \;se the appropriate form
roper form
1J
t}le ri(iht.
the article.
Nouns:
6 -&
694
'.
If it is a
6 : 1
75
-& -&
-&
Wa:>hin['ton
-&
-&
-&
,'t
oo~
""
~o
. Walt.er Cronkite
.
-&
~o,
VJOlJ
-&
______________
~o.
'J;J.
'.
'
.
i.t.
-&
~ . .
o~
695
UNIT 75
.f:
.f .f ~
.fc;:
u .f
~('(
.f.
~ ~ ~o ~o
Verbs:
~
.f .
~.f~~
6.
K~
~o
6 ~o
'...
.f&
o~
' .fo .f
6 ~
6 J.
696
.~
Unit 75-a
-9-
-&
(-)
minority
(-)
Ki~VOV
regu1ation; by1aw
to remain; continue
(~)
-&
(-)
contrast; opposition
()
to prevail
to gi ve;
()
-&
1:
(-)
frns';
grant
nationality
(-&&J)
to be entit1ed to
(~)
public
- -
and; a1so
'
which; who
belief;
incomuatib1e; irrcconci1ab1e
- -
-9-
manners; customs
- -
mos1em
'
a11
citizen, national
happeninr,; by chance
(-)
kee::>ing; observance
(-)
d.sccrnmet;
discretion; distinc-
tiOJl; discrimination
697
GREEK
BASC
COURSE
UNIT 75-a
6 ~ (-)
religion
' - -
equal
6 ~ (-)
hindrance; obstacle
acce~tance;
6 (-)
(-)
practice; exercise
admission
ment
(-)
use, usage
6 (-)
publication
~o (-)
gat'erin~;
(-)
exj.stence
- -
(~.J)
to speak
meeting; assemblage
- -6
remaining; rest
(&)
to direct, supervise
()
expense; cost
36
- -6
tJtna
:, (::J)
to make, do
()
where
()
(-)
securing; insuring
giving; granting
teaching; instruction
UNIT 75003
- -
benevlent;
abve-rnenti:ed
to hinder;
(:)
pure; pious
iede;
obstruct.
- -6
a.foresaid
- -
budget; estimate
6 ~
establiShment; institution
(-)
()
to regulate; arrange
6 ~o
custom
cmmittee; cmmission
disagreement; dissent
p&o~
(~~)
council
League
()
Nations
to appoint
&
jurist
assembly; a synagogue
cemetery
.:
',
lIith regards to
:;
obliged
&
(-)
violation; breach
to fall into
~)
( ~)
legal
(-)
{) ~o
nevertheless
& (&)
6 'J
interest; benefit
modify; amend
699
TnI
UNI'r 75-a
'
& fi&~ 6;
& & , . ~ 24
'J
1923.
MEJ '.
. '.
'&.
37
38 - 44
6 && 6, ; 6
6 ~6 && 6
Kilt 6 11. 6 6
.::r
38
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&
K~
,
'1
6 ;
&6,
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6 (
~ox
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A~
o~ 1
~,
. ~p::.
:: &.
& &
,'J
&
&
\1.
'6
~ & 6 &
.
':
"&.
O~ &
39
; & ,
700
~ o~ .
l]!f
&&
75-3
"
& o~ .
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&
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&
O~ ~ ~ ~ ~
-;,
,
~,
'
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, ~ oo~
o~ ,
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"A~.
40
O~ ,, o~ & , ~
& ~ ~ ,
iJ &' o~ To~o .
x~ ' '1.
, ~~~ &
, ~ a ~, ~ ,
o~ ~ ~o
~ ~ .
"''1.
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::
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& -
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, ,
41
;;
'1,
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1-
1t,
&
l,,
oo~
701
&
,
&
UNI'r 7?-a
,
,
~~E-
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<1&
~ &
<; -
~& .
"A~.
42
U ~o EE~~ ,
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oo~.
~ p~
~ ~o ~,
oo~.
~U o~
tC, , o~ ~ ~t ~~p
.
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2~ .
'~. 43
~;.t
'
~,
~O ~ .
~p
~ <1
,)
~oxo,
&
:;)
'
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'
&
702
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60
75-a
~
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at
To~ o~
'
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1.
~
, & ~ox~
~ ~ ~.
o~
&.
&~
44
L.
~p~
'J
& ~ ~
At
,
'~.
45
~ ~ t
TO'JpxCa
t
~o
Grarnmatical Notes
~~~~_I~~~~
Nouns
Plur.
~~if:.
ot
G.
(?~
o~
'!.'l~_~
.
ot
G.
--
103
o~
'!rE~_~
.
"
G.
'
"
'
'
'
'
~-~~
G.
D.
nU::JYjva
01,
'!X!?~_~
1).
'!XE~_~
G.
D.
'!:lf:~_~
!).
ll
'
!v.:~_z
G.
D.
J'
:.J
75-a
G.
-;;
1\.
G.
..
D.
G.
G.
D.
"
D.
..
70S
75008
G.
D.
UNIT 75-3.
6
are
declined as follows:
G.
D.
6
Feninine
ouns
-------------
~~~~
Plur.
'!rE~_!.
&
G.
-&
-&
t-&
-:7
&
-&
~_1.~
.
G.
~:~
.
G.
706
at
1.
4..
-&c:
at
r..
-&
D.
-&
1\..
-&
'
G.
D.
r..
n.
..
G.
4..
r:.
D.
'!:
4..
-&
707
-&
-&
-&
"
75-3.
~-~
G.
D.
:..
Neuter Nouns
- -----------
~!'2~!.
P1ur.
!rE~_!.
G.
D.
:;)
1\.
:..J
'!XE~_~
G.
1).
~~-~
G.
~J
~,
/,
'!!:_!!
.
G.
1).
.
708
75-a
Type2
G.
D.
'
~o
~-~=
.
'
"
G.
-:
"6
1'
'
"
"
'
'!l~_~
.
G.
'
~_z
.
-&
-&
G.
-&
.(1
-&
'
-&
-&
~-~
.
G.
1).
: .J
!rE~_~
.
6 -&
,&
(1.
-&
-&
-&
' -&
-&
-&
709
7S-a
tJNIT 75-a
G.
1).
\..
710
GLOSSARY
Eng1ishman
tt
extreeJ.y
'
swastika
()
coast
i't
to anchor
()
ray, beam
purchased
to be awake, to watch
--
()
"
()
57
67
()
extremity
()
parachutist
to 1d.ck each other
74
()
9-
physica1 education
q ()
1eap, jump
to strugg1e, fight
capture
care1ess, carefree
tt
:iJnnediate,
pure
()
competition
to be forgotten
()
embarrassment; confusion
airman, aviator
defensive
disgust, nausea
Athens
cpo
--"6
Athenian
--\ ()
ath1ete (11.)
-->:. ()
ath1ete (f.)
()
-- ()
physica1 education
()
optimist
& ()
reconstruction
()
surprise attack
>9-
to revise, reviev
,~:x'
academic
()
integrity, honesty
& ()
as f0110<ls
--
'
51
()
'
(At)
6 (6)
rea1; true
()
to dispute
both
&
711
54
prompt
necessary, needed
54
to recognize, to adInit
recognition
63
71
()
62
discovery
to stir up, rouse
51
74
to rise
to noti1'y, announce
()
communique
to check, stop, oppose
()
crre~ndent
to analyze
.:~ ()
reaction
to expect, wait
-& ()
contrast, opposition
l( ()
perceptilJle
53
to explajn, deve10p
~ ()
confronting
66
to recover, conva1esce
()
adversity
to breathe
()
opponent
to refute
'n ()
reiew
()
Ildurance,
()
resurrection
()
elevation, raising
, ()
disorder., confnsion
above, up
()
': 1
JJ
75
58
73
55
quota,
analogy
62
resistance
()
blowing up
above
to overthrow, upset
worthy
to check, restrain
worthy
to do brave deeds
to get
()
'
dmand
74
.&
74
59
51
()
independence
74
to make worthy,
()
inadequate, insuffi-
unemp10;yment
"
without
()
reci tatiOI
75
to to1erate
to forbid, prorlibit
-r
e~s:l'1j stic
.&- ()
anxious, restless.
uneasy
humanity
cr ()
demand
,'t ()
mankind, humaIlity
to demand, claiIIl
()
inability, incapacity
()
ascent
()
-&
pure, unadIJ1terated
, -,
53
CleIt
()
()
()
sef:
to abduct, kidnap
65
54
75-a
to deliver,
()
reward, recampense
to ref1ect
-&;
lH,eratiofl
54
to overcome; to meet
()
strike
()
correspondence
56
712
71
free,dismh~s
to be threa1,ened
} imi
ted
72
to
, ()
t.o be far
from
free; not subject. to
()
absC\i.l1,
il1-cmened day
()
simplification
()
wi.thdrawa1, departure,
ret;irf!lrent
i.naction
64
to sirnp1ify
oper1],y, frank],y
to be spr"adj to
stretc!1
to reject, expe1, dismiss
to 1and
tangible, pa1pab1e
()
virtue, merit
1anding
":7 ~ )
artic1e, clause
to die, exrire
exce11ent, best
descendent
()
chariot race
proof; receipt
to accept
J ()
deni.a1, refsa
dead
to <ieny
colony; sett1enlel1t
i.nsi.gnifant, unimportant
reestab1ishment, recovery
so-called
exercise,dri11, practico
to name, ca11
decentra1ization
:i
Ot
exc1usive
rP.moa1, retire~ent
53
74
67
()
52
()"
()
61
-&
{7
52
()
~o
()
55
nL
()
()
10ss
61
i.nitia1, origina1
()
()
62
arctlilJe1ago
65
()
67
to remain, to be 1eft
()
attempt, tria1
' ()
to sai1 away
to reject
unfortlJnately
dawn
51
51
()
rejection,
n'J'n
()
extract, excerpt,
73
atrophy
-
()
sflortareous
to establi.stl, com.pose
to increase
to
&
corvert,
prevent,
diss".ade
51
()
oc
decisive
to
74
misfortune
()
tC1 be absent
61
Attic dia1ect
-&
frarJent
51
n:J
refsa1
()
roriuce, yi eld,
bear
713
se}j' -sC1'vice
()
()
empire
emreror
atrus
-&
indigenolls, native
ae,
'
trJe
'')
to 1eave, abandon
70
()
;:>
71
59
in gbnll
hand
prox:iJnity, vicinity
neighboring, adjacent
()
birthplace
/ ()
generation
gererally
to be devoted
cause; reason; occasion, pretext
to concern; re la te to
()
to be born
()
dinner
()
African
52
taste, flavor
(6)
language (adj.)
Ba1kan
swarop, JIIarsh
()
()
linguist
()
sign, mark
()
letters; literature
61
to
re~'
on; to be bascd
~'
()
reign
ryal
base; basic
()
'::
to be ass"redj confirrned
/- velvet (ad.4.)
66
.)
()
lace
()
expense, cost
()
decade
()
receiver
()
imrrovement
(6)
nerljn
book; Eible
~o
()
creation
lif!'!
61
to create
()
publication
62
')
:;;
()
()
()
!cro
declaration; notice
()
plt:mIet,;
()
bomb; shell
Bulgarian
o~o&o ()
jotIrnalist
i,
to be a journalist; to
()
rccket
'
()
()
()
63
corresond
publ i c
ri.bbon
()
calmnoss, serenity
'dhimotiki
marri::;c
()
follwer !
'dhimotiki'
(;}ar
lan-
guage)
pO]1Ular
(5)
plebiscite, referendum
()
distrbance
()
devast,ation
to remain, continue
step, meaSlTe
51
()
75-a
why
to formulate
55
()
messar;e, notice
()
diagram
to stJcceed
51
()
demonstration
()
(')
division, partition
()
teaching, instrlJction
to divide
()
teacher
()
decoration
distinction, discrimination
to proclaim, dec1are
11
:n
dissolution
()
right, privilege
to protest
justly, right1y
()
dispute, strnggle
()
network, net
()
cmander
adrninistrative
~o
to appoint
{)
formation
: ()
diplomacy
to travel, go through
to hesitate
52
57
()
()
54
()
68
75-a
74
61
53
()
to preserve, keep
disagreement
to separate, to part
diglossia
56
to be given
()
51
claim
to pass through
to direct, supervise
75-a
75-6
75
61
to be entitled to
to enlarge, widen
~ ()
negotiation
()
. ()
()
()
smashing, splitting,
breaking off
dispersion, scatterinr;
()
disagreement; dimension
(~
to preserve
()
beHef, opinion
order, command
dose, instalment
59
()
()
69
order,
provision
arrange,ent,
70
()
()
()
715
52
to be assassinated
glory
slavery
o~
()
Danube
()
invasion
()
drarr.aturgy
()
invader, aggressor
!,6
()
activity
69
to COMe
to be able
62
to suggest, introduce
57
i,
enter
()
dynasty
()
contribution
()
possibility
'3-
~o
displeased
,;
61
(~)
to be wayward; act
peevishly
difficulty, hardship
gift
--
()
church
to choose
(6)
"l"
()
l--
()
t-- 72
52
guarantee
installation
to install, establist\
to abandon
()
abandorunent
C ()
approval, approbation
----
pinirg
--') (6)
custA>rn
--\6 ()
national:ism
9-:,6 ()
nationality
('wishing for
death' )
news
' (6)
idol
t6
peaceful, pacific
, ,
()
:iJr:porter
52
51
to be trained, drilled
59
to be manifest, displayed
()
52
to vanish, disappear
56
::
71
()
the part
to exploit
edIJcation
educational
surprising
to surprise,
51
()
broadcasting
()
66
representative
to hnrt,
()
capaign
to
ast~ish
'73
()
explie
urdermine
area
lengthy, extensive
import; introduction
"
()
51
716
intimidation
to express (oneself)
to pronounce, read
aloud, deliver a
speech
entirely, completeJ.y
--
hence;
()
olive tree
()
()
defect, fault
order, commission,
authority
in a little while
:;
light
hwever
-- ()
freedom, liberty
, ,
()
emblem
in verse, metrical
to unite
55
60
()
inspiration
l,
belligerent
to trade, to deal
o;J
comrnercial
apparent, obvious
l,
to appear
--
in, at
6;
alternating
"
OPJJosj.te, against
~oo
54
55
()
[,
()
--
match
here
frm
before
()
union
71
to announce, declare
()
export, extraction
()
exception, exemption
61
()
61
()
national dress
where
p~
cnpulsion
to
cmpel,
force
spreading
()
glorious, famous
to cont:i.nlle
exaltation, elevation
()
practice, exercise
to exercise
()
&
66
to remember, recall
~xo
51
to strengthen, reinforce
a bove -mentioned
being developed
armed
()
exploration
by means
to expl0re, investigate
arms
()
securing, insuring
60
53
nification
unity
6;;
1rBtinct
instinctive
:i.ntensive
c:&
()
()
,j
()
717
revolt, uprising
()
to Hellenize
humiliation
hniliating
()
ennoblement
spread
()
65
narration
52
to be anned,
equied
6 ()
dexterity
()
exile
()
disrlay, show
bandage band
to neutralize
()
52
74
()
excellent; eminent
()
serving
judge in arbitrators'
disagrecment
51
to be occupied with, to
be given to
()
51 delivery, presentation;
progres8
()
agressor, invader
professional, vocational
()
attack, invasion
-&
prize, reward
-& ()
attack,
()
repetition
-&6
offensive,
to sail back
()
documentary (fi1m)
to begin again
6 ()
in a state of revolution
51
opportuneness, timeliness
to prevail, predominate
to come back
72
criticize,
()
reappearance
()
Cenfil1re
critic, censor
revolutionary
,{ ()
suzerajnty
re'eatedly
persistent, obstinate
to find again
snperficial
sIJfficient, adequate
province
()
infltIence
provincial
)6
scientifjc
68
to interfere, intervene
()
letter
()
intervention, interference
75-a to work out, elaborate
l"
61
51
69
60
()
Excellency
56
67
aicatin
ab~essive
hl~e,
to be inflIJenced
to rnbilize
(6)
st,aff
()
ach;eVl1Ient
()
skillful, clever
53
to affect, to influence
-&
56
to impose
()
confirmed
()
snrviva 1
earthly, terrestial,
worldly
to shw, manifest, display
()
reserve
()
enterprjse, business
64
55
718
55
to attack
committee,
51
65
con~ission
to succeed
to brinE; to canse
61
to
attempt
undert~ke,
gildei
:nan.
'l5-a
()
supervise, insr;ect
()
interpretation
to interrret
:t
53
()
deprived
turned
"
()
Gosj1e1
benevo1erlt., pure,
{t
sensitive
()
prosperity
()
()
()
disccvcry,
broad1:v,
61
()
61
11.
is
to
'
genera11~'
()
pr~yer,
a1,
b1cssing
etlforce;
adjIlst
()
53
to be ah1e
" ()
cont~r:ent;
continenta1
()
heroic
' ()
heroism
~ ()
defpat,
defeated
EpirlIs
Herc;les
'
74
to be
iefeated
{t::1.t
sectac1ar
{t
foundat,ior,
{t
()
institution
{t':;,
positive
{t
adopted
()
{t::wpCa
ycke
theory
()
ThI'8Ce
{t
{t
1ive
fndat,in
wann, hot
11
live!
to 1a:1
founder
of
52
{t ()
{t
~live, 1iin,
thaatrica1
{t ()
in~nt
()
to
Lon.
()
{t
day's wa(;es
findin&
n,
55
9- ()
echo
to be foIJr:d
wisll,
dai1y
1et it be
csls
dress
~1rs,
fra!J!lcr,t,
()
{tr1.t
7'9
re1j~OIls
to trjumph
,-& (6)
establishmer~,
-&6 ()
throne
-&JJ ()
consecrat1on
-&
legend,
-&::J
to establish, appo1nt
-&c
74
()
rlI111Cr
60
-& ()
descent
-&'
entire
institution
peculiar
,.ft. 6
universal, cathol1c
6 ()
property, peculiarity
-& '
to be
52
foned
G-6
which
because
' ()
6 ()
ability, capacity
()
wickedness, vice
'
the Iliad
()
hardship, privation
-&
tasteful, elegant
()
()
cultivation
-&
equal
to cultivate
o~
()
bending
()
consisting of equal
parts
equality of strength
,6
(6)
camon
6to
equal in strength
wel1-balanced
'
equal
K~ ()
rJJle
()
smoker (m.)
to stand
()
amoker (f.)
historian
,) tobacco industry
strong, powerful
iW6
tobacco producing
()
tobacco, smoke
'
trace
6 ()
pupTJet show
73
513
to
()
'
'
()
equaljty
56
()
(6)
number
goals
-&tj>
follwer
of
\0)
'l<athare~
ousa'
G- ()
pur:ificatior:
X-&~ ()
-& (6)
dut;)'
::-&
dai1y
67
to burn
53
75-a
()
()
()
to regulate, arrange
regulation
origiate
':
conviction,
sentence
to persecute, prosecute,
pursue
very tired
: (6)
to
720
75
54
condematin,
bla,e,
criticize
()
60
54
57
conquest
()
to be conquered
filIed
to take, to seize,
occupy
to end, to terminate
()
endin~
-&
to be called, summoned
danger
70
()
occupation, capture
66
()
:i.nheritance
()
clergy
' 59
to suppress, stifle
()
:IIlcliratior.,
soothing, sedative
()
society
be abolished
'.ft Leage
<
()
51
to bequeath
64
spying
bend:i.ng
of Nations
useflJl or benefjcial to
the public
communistic
short pelisse
destructive
()
catastrophe
65
to spot
()
fatigue
obvious
to take refuge
.J.J
()
criticism, critique
to beat, strike, hit,
knock
blve, aztJre
()
71
52
'
75
51
65
55
to inhabit
()
CaucastIs
tolie, to be situated
;: ()
text
enbroidered
()
hunter
enbroidering
70
to
profit
()
teaching
Corfu
()
sovereignty
head
to rule
to be sta:i.ned, polluted
ma:i.n
declaration, proclamation
to declare, proclaim,
preach
()
h:i.ndrance,
56
()
()
()
()
()
66
70
721
70
()
57
63
75-a
governor
to wave
hnt
bstacle
to speak
75- a
()
to shine, glitter
64
()
fo1klore
()
()
and brave
young man
boat, rowboat
in detail
()
termination, expiration
()
receiJ1t, taldng
()
handsme
harbor, port
to be stagnant
56
()
long
long
oversimplificat1on !
the 'dhimot1k1' variety
! Greek
. ()
mothp.r
f1ghting
()
grardeur
()
majesty
,greatly
()
-& ()
methbd
()
minority
()
fllture
future (adj.)
()
(tm')
logic, reasoning
intellectual
, (')
overlearning
literary
because
remaining
(6)
London
()
sorrow, grief
()
Engl:i sh Channel
d1 vis10n
()
means
middle
()
Middle Ages
at half -mast
52
to
iItervene,
to med1ate
()
m:1ddle
through, amonr;
sad
frugal, plain
to brighten
62
53
to go over
gradually
71
to transmit
()
nedal
(')
girl student, schoolgirl
postwar
reform, reformation
-&
()
-&
()
53
many centuries
722
translation
usage, use
afterwards, then
(Q)
front, forehead
dead
to measure, count
t ()
cernet,ery
not, don't
v6
youth
message
(6)
nerve
intrigue
()
victor, winner
mother
victorious
1ega1
69
(6)
()
()
()
l'
Asia
'6
Minoan
% ()
jurist
Minor
()
mixture
(6)
bill
(6)
hate
unhea1thy, morbid
()
mention
illness, disease
:'
()
()
homesickness
mind, inte11ect
though, a1though
IJ.O 6
unique
permanent
()
ne-nded,
()
()
structurej morpho1ogy
~6
instructivej formative
'J' : 6
Mos1em
6 ()
()
ball
6'' ()
b1uff
%6 (6)
nove1, fiction
6 (6)
secret
(6)
()
()
52
to be married
(6)
festiva1
(6)
shipwreck
()
nava1 batt1e
young, yolith
one-armed
74
to deceive, cheat,
seduce
53
to go abroad
()
forei.gn country
to distinguist,
( )
1and
()
1umber
-6
()
screen
l ()
house
(6)
coat of arms
o~oo
whatever
' ()
723
-& ()
' ()
\
the Olympic
games
altogether, whoUy
regular]y
group,
()
winner
spoken
to speak
siJnilar
(\
siJnilarity
()
appelation, name
sharp, keen, sor, acid
()
sharpness, acidity
()
weapon
-&
when, whenever
()
()
organism, organization
constitution
ir5trument, organ
to organize
50
()
horde
mountainous, highland
-& ()
rectangle
defin1tely
()
impulse, impetus
tem
()
, , ,
who, Wl1ich
when
never
t, ,
this
o~ l
.)
()
tean
56
bank, shore
-&
()
game, toy
()
passionj pathos
()
sportj game
()
player
old
-&
most wretched
Panhel1enic
festival
()
powerful
perpetual
in spite
()
violation
;; ()
production
acceptable
to accept
64
n ()
acceptance, admission
-&
75- a
()
resignation, abdication
\\l
()
siJnllltaneously
-;
simultaneous
variation
()
unreasonable, preposter-
alongside
()
dix
o~x ~o
nevertheless
not
()
representative, descriptive
observer
--
past (3dj.)
()
to represent, stat~,
d~sc.... il)e, rerform
s:milar, a1 i.ke
75-a
53
()
()
()
55
cc;si()
to revol e
di.st~ict,
(a,lj.), T'erirhp.ral
~p ()
Persi.'tn
presence
presentatiCIn
()
fl iRht., t.hrwin 8:
~ ving,
Q ()
()il, DetrolellJn
to
()
ctl'C1Jmstan.c'1,
incite
granting,
present (adj.)
()
ever-.f; everyone
()
pole, post,
()
g~3ke
sorce
fatOer
()
be-ess,
pat,riot
to step, to press
to fall
t,,, d:i .
()
()
infantry
()
prose writer
dlJll, prosaic
prose
e>ermenta
()
a contest of [~'
events
fi.ft~r
f=.'
-- ()
()
about,
()
deSCl'tn
()
()
67
--
60
()
51
concerr.ng
tn be inclJrlH(j, to
inclLlde
aronnd
53
')
()
75-3
to be
Hr} tei
limitation, ....estriction
68
66
t~
certify, attest
the 'I1ost
()
kit,ng
m()re
64
to be sllperfluo1Js, to
70
at>lJnd
wOlJnded
--
mnltitIlde, crowd
fll, corplo
completely
65
66
()
()
to fall into
grief
--
725
()
fak
to enrich
drown, s\lffocate.
cll0ke
breath,
broathi~~
f01tball, soccer
desire,
lnng
variolls
conslI1ar
71
to canse,
()
q.1Hy
()
ariolls was
prluce
()
adaptation, adjllstment
54
to attack, assai1
()
warship
war (adj.)
()
approach, approximation
nPOcrYj1twv
()
()
politics
-&
-&
additiona1
&
mllch ta1kect of
attached
valllahle, precious
to
conc1nsion, ded!lcin.,
resu1t
resollrces
()
protection
to protect
()
percentage
-&
sOTnetirr~s
nJ
recent
()
a[~ent
75- a
to rrofess, believe
()
person
:J
61
to urge, inci te
75
()
budget, estimate
()
evident, obvious
()
ora1, verba1
()
presidency
Vi
()
orign,
()
()
o~o
-&<: ()
()
addition
52
75
75
51
assme,
take, engage
to be added
foreknw1edge
54
to protect, preserve
69
-&
sOllrce
to be provided, Sllpplied
tF!rn, t i.me 1. imi t
58
to advance, progress
'JJ.:
"6 ()
prematurely
75
to be a protagonist
"
advancing
-& ()
championship, contest
'
first-born
prehistoric
?l~
'.
',ith reEiard to
()
falling, fall
'
to emerge, result,
()
box.ng
Jt
thi ck
52
arise
\,
()
5ersitin,
prevention
Year (adj.)
()
rocket
()
importance
nl1cleus
-&
nuclear
to stand, stay
;,' ()
[,
", ()
artillery
()
69
()
conflagration
radio
()
racism
;J. ()
realism
to
55
expressly, 3xplicitly
radical
'
Roman (adj.)
()
Roman
()
romanticism
carnal
plain, clear
clearly, plainly
()
earthquake
()
flag
mark well
-& ()
sta,=sing
()
shadow
dark
serious
()
Sultan
seldom
()
target
()
73
71
to waste, squander
to hurry, hasten
army
()
military hero
53
to turn
atrocious, gloorny
-J
()
relative
()
literary work
to include among
54
-&
\.
stltdio
to be supported, to
rel,v
fleet
()
[ollw
51
()
()
crwn
61
61
to consent
concentrating, centralizing
to be rnoved, tOUCJI00
()
group
o~
()
collision, c011flict
upset
55
to be confused, upset
contemporary
()
fusion, amalgamation
()
spouse (m.)
()
spouse (f.)
55
()
treaty, agreement
()
syrnbol
727
to contrihute
()
()
()
s:Jmbolism
council
ai;:.nce
()
al1y
systematic
69
to form an alD,C1nce
often, frequently
52
to share
()
part.icipation
to be completed, filled
to fight together
in relation to
()
corfederacy,
to be related to
advantageolls
()
interest, benefit
l1. ()
misfortune, cCllamity
()
assembly;
6 ()
coopetition
-- ()
gathering, meeting
--6
sentimental
~ ()
exchange
61
to conc1'lde,
()
concert
':
affiliated; COllilected
cmbination,
~o
53
60
federation
(6)
vigor
75
()
relation, connection
55
53
()
()
to be f orr.JUlated
fonnation
salvation
accordancp- wi th
~JnClgogue
()
tactics, method
()
inclimtion, tendency
and, also
te
join
(6)
city wall
(6)
cl1ild
()
perfection
()
ultimatn
final1y
tmderstanding
to perform, to celebrate
consequently
tremendous
cowor!ter, colla\)orator
(6)
cont i,nllousl,y
honored
'J--~6
s;rnthetic
(6)
device, tric](
to recomrend, introdnce
-- ()
T.V. watcher
constitutional
of
to contribute, complete
6 ()
television
~ 6
crshing
()
keeping, observance
'cJ
connected
--
to be put, set
'J,.u
54
to
(6)
ingredient, component
()
()
(::,)
67
51
coalition
acctnulate
75-
51
75
o~o6
728
..
to confer a title,
enti.t.le
thns, , t1Li.s manner
()
wall painting
()
:;
field (fig.)
() tlle undersinoo
';6
local
()
s'gnal:.1J.re
()
torpedo
to 1lelcome,
()
Turkish dom1nation
()
subjugation
however
72
to sl1bstitut.e
()
wounded person
;. ()
remainder
to devaluate, depreciate
()
obliged
()
Troy
obligatory, compulsion
to modify, amend
to weave
()
()
art
~o ()
t,j'rant
to
happening; by chance
()
()
75-a
70
73
58
55
healthy
~. ()
water
~6
()
()
()
adoption
()
weaving
sffer,
undergo, exist
expression, style,
appearance
~o--(n
recei 'l
son
pertaininG to
()
material
fanatical
()
existence
phase, aspect
()
police lielJtenant
57
behalf of; over, above,
more than
()
()
Fan~ri
fa3cist
to bring
fez
to prevai.l
pride
& ()
de:Jl:.ruction, waste,
splendid
-- ()
Srtsran
:) ()
s1Jperiority, suprenaCJ'
{}
charitable, philanthropic
to surmount
r,
philolngical, literary
to
()
61
71
()
54
S1Jerab'.ll1d
supreme
60
()
729
to arrivo
dama2~e
Florence
()
taxat.ion
Of. ()
fugue
()
poropon
fugitive
flight, escape
uJ L6;J
divided
()
()
()
guard
racial
()
race, tribe
~ ~ 6t;J
}1.6
physiologicalj
the
motion !
thE! ball
recreational, recreative
dowward
which,
Wll0
non.al
low
'14
to
64
mite
to characterize
6;
worse
()
handicraft
()
hand
6'J" ()
peninsula
chemical
(6)
hur
to
75- a
flonish,
provide
'70
to be 5atiated, filled
()
bankruptcy, failure
61
to become bankrupt, to
fail
roonetary
()
utilization
use, usage
()
()
annals
golden
,l6
coloring, painting